1
|
Zhou L, Zhang B, Li S, Yu J, Guo X. Enantioselective open-tubular capillary electrochromatography using a β-cyclodextrin–gold nanoparticles–polydopamine coating as a stationary phase. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel β-cyclodextrin–gold nanoparticles–polydopamine modified open tubular column was prepared for the chiral separation of enantiomers in capillary electrochromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Approaching over 10 000-fold sensitivity increase in chiral capillary electrophoresis: Cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2970-2976. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
3
|
Sánchez-López E, Marina ML, Crego AL. Improving the sensitivity in chiral capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:19-34. [PMID: 26434566 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CE is known for being one of the most powerful analytical techniques when performing enantioseparations due to its numerous advantages such as excellent separation efficiency and extremely low solvents and reagents consumption, all of them derived from the capillary small dimensions. Moreover, it is worth highlighting that unlike in chromatographic techniques, in CE the chiral selector is generally within the separation medium instead of being attached to the separation column which makes the method optimization a more versatile task. Despite its numerous advantages, when using UV-Vis detection, CE lacks of sensitivity detection due to its short optical path length derived from the narrow separation capillary. This issue can be overcome by means of different approaches, either by sample treatment procedures or by in-capillary preconcentration techniques or even by employing detection systems more sensitive than UV-Vis, such as LIF or MS. The present review assembles the latest contributions regarding improvements of sensitivity in chiral CE published from June 2013 until May 2015, which follows the works included in a previous review reported by Sánchez-Hernández et al. [Electrophoresis 2014, 35, 12-27].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio L Crego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen J, Du Y, Zhu F, Chen B, Zhang Q, Du S, Li P. Study of the enantioseparation capability of chiral dual system based on chondroitin sulfate C in CE. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:607-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaquan Chen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Fenxia Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica; Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy; Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College; Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Shuaijing Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu J, Zhao Y, Song J, Guo X. Enantioseparation of meptazinol and its three intermediate enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis using a new cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative in single and dual cyclodextrin systems. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 28:868-74. [PMID: 24861756 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative, mono-6-deoxy-6-piperdine-β-cyclodextrin (PIP-β-CD), was synthesized and applied as a chiral selector for the enantioseparation of meptazinol and its three intermediate enantiomers (intermediates II-IV) in capillary electrophoresis. When PIP-β-CD was employed as the single CD system, intermediate II was baseline enantioseparated while the results for the other analytes were less satisfactory. In order to enhance the selectivity and resolution of meptazinol intermediate III and intermediate IV, dual CD systems of PIP-β-CD in combination with three different neutral CDs were synthesized and tested: β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (TM-β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). After investigating the effect on the enantioseparation efficiency of the nature and the concentration of both CDs, the dual CD system consisting of PIP-β-CD and HP-β-CD was shown to be the most efficient for the simultaneous enantioseparation of meptazinol intermediates III and IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez-Hernández L, Guijarro-Diez M, Marina ML, Crego AL. New approaches in sensitive chiral CE. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:12-27. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Guijarro-Diez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio L. Crego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu J, Jiang Z, Sun T, Ji F, Xu S, Wei L, Guo X. Enantiomeric separation of meptazinol and its three intermediate enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis: quantitative analysis of meptazinol in pharmaceutical formulations. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:135-41. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Tiemin Sun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Liaoning Yicheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd; Shenyang, 105 Bayi Road Shenyang 110103 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wei
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu J, Zuo L, Liu H, Zhang L, Guo X. Synthesis and application of a chiral ionic liquid functionalizedβ-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1027-33. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjiao Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zuo L, Meng H, Wu J, Jiang Z, Xu S, Guo X. Combined use of ionic liquid and β-CD for enantioseparation of 12 pharmaceuticals using CE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:517-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Heng Meng
- Research Institute of China Resources Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Chaoyang District Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Shuying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has matured to one of the major liquid phase enantiodifferentiation techniques since the first report in 1985. This can be primarily attributed to the flexibility as well as the various modes available including electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). In contrast to chromatographic techniques, the chiral selector is mobile in the background electrolyte. Furthermore, a large variety of chiral selectors are available that can be easily combined in the same separation system. In addition, the migration order of the enantiomers can be adjusted by a number of approaches. In CE enantiodifferentiations the separation principle is comparable to chromatography while the principle of the movement of the analytes in the capillary is based on electrophoretic phenomena. The present chapter will focus on mechanistic aspects of CE enantioseparations including enantiomer migration order and the current understanding of selector-selectand structures. Selected examples of the basic enantioseparation modes EKC, MEKC, and MEEKC will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sueyoshi K, Koino H, Kitagawa F, Otsuka K. Sensitive enantioseparation by transient trapping-cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:366-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Highly sensitive chiral analysis in capillary electrophoresis with large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1246:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
13
|
In situ synthesis of twelve dialkyltartrate–boric acid complexes and two polyols–boric acid complexes and their applications as chiral ion-pair selectors in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1248:182-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Xiong B, Wang W, Miao X, Liu L, Wang L, Zhou X, Hu J. Simultaneous laser-induced fluorescence, coaxial thermal lens spectroscopy and retro-reflected beam interference detection for capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2012; 88:168-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Sánchez-Hernández L, Castro-Puyana M, Marina ML, Crego AL. Recent approaches in sensitive enantioseparations by CE. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:228-42. [PMID: 22144098 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The latest strategies and instrumental improvements for enhancing the detection sensitivity in chiral analysis by CE are reviewed in this work. Following the previous reviews by García-Ruiz et al. (Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 195-212) and Sánchez-Hernández et al. (Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 237-251; Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 28-43), this review includes those papers that were published during the period from June 2009 to May 2011. These works describe the use of offline and online sample treatment techniques, online sample preconcentration techniques based on electrophoretic principles, and alternative detection systems to UV-Vis to increase the detection sensitivity. The application of the above-mentioned strategies, either alone or combined, to improve the sensitivity in the enantiomeric analysis of a broad range of samples, such as pharmaceutical, biological, food and environmental samples, enables to decrease the limits of detection up to 10⁻¹² M. The use of microchips to achieve sensitive chiral separations is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu J, Liu P, Wang L, Tian H, Wang Q, Zhang S. Synthesis and application of clindamycin succinate as a novel chiral selector for capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2455-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Kumar AP, Park JH. Azithromycin as a new chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1314-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Wang LJ, Hu SQ, Guo QL, Yang GL, Chen XG. Di-n-amyl l-tartrate–boric acid complex chiral selector in situ synthesis and its application in chiral nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1300-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
20
|
Determination of l- and d-carnitine in dietary food supplements using capillary electrophoresis–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Chen J, Du Y, Zhu F, Chen B. Glycogen: A novel branched polysaccharide chiral selector in CE. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1044-50. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
22
|
Characteristics and enantiomeric analysis of chiral pyrethroids. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:968-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
23
|
Mikus P, Maráková K. Advanced CE for chiral analysis of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers in biological samples. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:2773-802. [PMID: 19653234 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of recent trends indicates that CE can show real advantages over chromatographic methods in ultratrace enantioselective determination of biologically active compounds in complex biological matrices. It is due to high separation efficiency and many applicable in-capillary electromigration effects in CE (countercurrent migration, stacking effects) enhancing significantly (enantio)separability and enabling effective sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, analyte derivatization). Other possible on-line combinations of CE, such as column coupled CE-CE techniques and implementation of nonelectrophoretic techniques (extraction, membrane filtration, flow injection) into CE, offer additional approaches for highly effective sample preparation and separation. CE matured to a highly flexible and compatible technique enabling its hyphenation with powerful detection systems allowing extremely sensitive detection (e.g. LIF) and/or structural characterization of analytes (e.g. MS). Within the last decade, more as well as less conventional analytical on-line approaches have been effectively utilized in this field and their practical potentialities are demonstrated on many new application examples in this article. Here, three basic areas of (enantioselective) drug bioanalysis are highlighted and supported by a brief theoretical description of each individual approach in a compact review structure (to create integrated view on the topic), including (i) progressive enantioseparation approaches and new enantioselective agents, (ii) in-capillary sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, derivatization), and (iii) detection possibilities related to enhanced sensitivity and structural characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sánchez-Hernández L, GarcÃa-Ruiz C, Luisa Marina M, Luis Crego A. Recent approaches for enhancing sensitivity in enantioseparations by CE. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:28-43. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
25
|
Solínová V, Kasicka V, Sázelová P, Holý A. Chiral analysis of anti-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome drug, 9-(R)-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (tenofovir), and related antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonates by CE using beta-CD as chiral selector. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2245-54. [PMID: 19544492 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new CZE method has been developed for chiral analysis of an important anti-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome drug, 9-(R)-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine ((R)-PMPA, tenofovir), and six related antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonates using beta-CD as a chiral selector. The influence of the composition, concentration and pH of the BGE and the type and concentration of chiral selector on enantiomer resolution was investigated. Complete separations of (R,S)-enantiomers of PMPA with very good resolution (R(s)=1.50-3.64) were achieved within a short time (4-15 min) in 20-50 mM sodium borate or sodium tetraborate BGEs, pH 10.0, at 20 mg/mL concentration of beta-CD. (R,S)-enantiomers of five similar PMPA analogs containing purine bases (adenine, diaminopurine or guanine) and hydroxyl or fluor substituents at C3 carbon atom of propyl chain were baseline separated within 10-17 min in 35 mM sodium tetraborate BGE, pH 10.0, at 20 mg/mL beta-CD concentration. Another important antiviral used by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, derived from pyrimidine base cytosine, 1-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine (cidofovir), and the (R)-enantiomer of this drug were successfully separated in 50 mM sodium tetraborate BGE, pH 10.5, at 20 mg/mL beta-CD concentration within 45 min. Using the UV-absorption detection at 206 nm, the concentration detection limits of the analyzed acyclic nucleoside phosphonates were determined in the submicromolar to micromolar range (0.15-2.51 microg/mL level).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Solínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Domínguez-Vega E, Sánchez-Hernández L, García-Ruiz C, Crego AL, Marina ML. Development of a CE-ESI-ITMS method for the enantiomeric determination of the non-protein amino acid ornithine. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1724-33. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
27
|
Quirino JP. Analyte focusing by micelle collapse in CZE: Nanopreparation of neutrals. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:875-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200801735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
WANG M, DING X, CHEN H, CHEN X. Enantioseparation of Palonosetron Hydrochloride by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with High-concentration .BETA.-CD as Chiral Selector. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1217-20. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min WANG
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
El Deeb S, Hasemann P, Wätzig H. Strategies in method development to quantify enantiomeric impurities using CE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3552-62. [PMID: 18803216 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The growing number of chiral new drug substances requires increasing efforts in developing enantioselective methods. According to International conference on Harmonization guidelines, one should quantify the enantiomeric impurity of 0.1% relative to the major constituent. Capillary electrophoresis has evolved into an important tool for the separation of chiral drugs. The common strategies consist of two steps: firstly, initial separation conditions are evaluated. This screening usually focuses on the selection of the appropriate chiral selector. In our study 22 neutral, anionic or cationic cyclodextrins were dissolved in phosphate buffer (pH 2.5, 50 mM, CD conc.: 2.0%). Then they were investigated for the separation of 14 chiral compounds. Secondly, the obtained initial conditions for the enantiomeric separation were optimized in terms of resolution and analysis time. In our approach, important optimized factors including the concentration of the chiral selector (1-10%), the pH of the buffer (2.0-9.0), and the percentage of organic modifier (0-15%) were studied. This common strategy was completed by elaborating final requirements for the quantification of the enantiomeric impurity. A resolution between 3 and 4 was found to be necessary for the racemic mixture during the screening and optimization steps, in order to later allow for peak overloading and thus to sufficiently increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The complete strategy was conducted for atenolol, isoprenaline, verapamil and mandelic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestinian Territory
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xiong B, Wang W, Miao X, Zhou X, Deng Y, Zhou P, Hu J. Simultaneous LIF and retro-reflected beam interference detection for CE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4482-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
31
|
Danger G, Ross D. Chiral separation with gradient elution isotachophoresis for futurein situextraterrestrial analysis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4036-44. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
32
|
Scriba GKEV. Cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations--recent developments and applications. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1991-2011. [PMID: 18491357 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Capillary EKC has been established as a versatile and robust CE method for the separation of enantiomers. Within the chiral selectors added to the BGE CDs continue as the most widely used selectors due to their structural variety and commercial availability. This is reflected in the large number of practical applications of CDs to analytical enantioseparations that have been reported between January 2006 and January 2008, the period of time covered by this review. Most of these applications cover aspects of life sciences such as drug analysis, bioanalysis, environmental analysis, or food analysis. Moreover, new CD derivatives have been developed in an attempt to achieve altered enantioselectivities and to further broaden the application range. Finally, efforts will be summarized that aim at an understanding of the molecular level of the chiral recognition between CDs and the analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E V Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chiral separation by capillary electromigration techniques. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:140-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
Tano C, Son SH, Furukawa JI, Furuike T, Sakairi N. Dodecyl thioglycopyranoside sulfates: Novel sugar-based surfactants for enantiomeric separations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2869-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
35
|
Chiral analysis by multivariate regression modeling of spectral data using cyclodextrin guest–host complexes—Methods for determining enantiomeric composition with varying chiral analyte concentration. Talanta 2008; 75:572-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
36
|
11 The need for CE methods in pharmacopoeial monographs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
37
|
Sánchez-Hernández L, Crego AL, Marina ML, García-Ruiz C. Sensitive chiral analysis by CE: An update. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:237-51. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
38
|
Kahle KA, Foley JP. Review of aqueous chiral electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with an emphasis on chiral microemulsion EKC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2503-26. [PMID: 17657766 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers using electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with chiral microemulsions is comprehensively reviewed through December 1, 2006. Aqueous chiral EKC separations based on other pseudostationary phases such as micelles and vesicles or on other chiral selectors such as CDs, crown ethers, glycopeptides, ligand exchange moeities are also reviewed from both mechanistic and applications perspective for the period of January 2005 to December 1, 2006.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kahle
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang Z, Wang J, Hu Z, Kang J. Enantioseparation by CE with vancomycin as chiral selector: Improving the separation performance by dynamic coating of the capillary with poly(dimethylacrylamide). Electrophoresis 2007; 28:938-43. [PMID: 17309047 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An approach for improving the separation performance of the enantioseparation by CE with vancomycin as chiral selector is described. In the present method, a solution of poly(dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) was used for dynamic coating of the capillary wall to minimize the adsorption of vancomycin onto the capillary wall, and to depress the EOF. Compared with the bare fused-silica capillaries and the capillaries coated with the polycationic polymer hexadimethrine bromide (HDB), the PDMA-coated capillary displayed the best separation performance. The resulting coating could withstand hundreds of runs without losing its function. Moreover, a partial filling technique was applied to avoid interference in detection caused by the presence of vancomycin in the buffer. The separation time was shortened when a short-end-injection technique was applied. Several parameters such as buffer pH, vancomycin concentration and plug length of the vancomycin solution for the separation were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, all tested enantiomers, including FMOC amino acids derivatives, ketoprofen and fenoprofen, were baseline-separated in less than 4.2 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tagliaro F, Bortolotti F, Pascali JP. Current role of capillary electrophoretic/electrokinetic techniques in forensic toxicology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1359-64. [PMID: 17572886 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current application of capillary electrophoresis in forensic toxicology has been critically reviewed with special focus on the areas where this technique has shown real advantages over chromatographic methods. For example, capillary electrophoresis has been most successfully applied to the chiral analysis of some drugs of forensic interest, including amphetamines and their congeners. Another typical application field of capillary electrophoresis is represented by protein analysis. Recently, special interest has been paid to carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), the most important biological marker of chronic alcohol abuse. Other specific applications of capillary electrophoresis of potential forensic toxicological concern are also discussed. The review includes 62 references.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Tagliaro
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P.le L.A. Scuro, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
ITP has been attracting constant attention for many years due to its principal capability to concentrate trace analytes by several orders of magnitude. In the current capillary format, it is able to concentrate trace analytes diluted to several microliters of an original sample into concentrated zones having volumes in the range of picoliters. Due to this reason, ITP holds an important position in many current multistage and multidimensional separation schemes. This article links up previous reviews on the topic and summarizes the progress of analytical capillary ITP since 2002. Almost 100 papers are reviewed that include methodological novelties, instrumental aspects, and analytical applications. Papers using ITP and/or isotachophoretic principles as part of multistage and/or multidimensional separation schemes are also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Gebauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Goossens JF, Mahieu C, Dias N, Bailly C, Principe P, Bonte JP, Lansiaux A, Vaccher C, Foulon C. Chiral capillary electrophoretic determination of the enantiomeric purity of homocamptothecin derivatives, promising antitumor topoisomerase I inhibitors, using highly sulfated CDs and fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:4717-29. [PMID: 17091464 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
EKC methods for the enantiomeric resolution of homocamptothecin derivatives, potent anticancer agents targeting DNA topoisomerase I selected for clinical trials, were developed using highly sulfated beta-CD as chiral selectors at acidic pH. Optimal electrophoretic conditions, with migration times under 15 min, were as follows: for the neutral homocamptothecin analog 1, a BGE of 75 mM phosphate buffer pH 2.5 (H(3)PO(4) + triethanolamine)/ACN - 95/5 v/v, with 7.5% w/v highly S-beta-CD, an applied field of 0.2 kV/cm and a fused capillary temperature control of 30 +/- 0.1 degrees C (typical current approximately 175 microA); for the cationic homocamptothecin 2, a BGE of 25 mM phosphate buffer pH 2.5 (H(3)PO(4) + TEA)/ACN - 90/10 v/v, with 2.5% w/v highly S-beta-CD, an applied field of 0.15 kV/cm and a fused capillary temperature control of 25 +/- 0.1 degrees C (typical current approximately 45 muA), and both are validated. The best results in terms of LOQ were obtained by EC with fluorescence detection: 10 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL for 1 and 2, respectively (LOQ divided by 150 for 1 and 5 for 2 with respect to UV), thus making this method particularly convenient for enantiomeric purity determination of galenic forms. UV detection appears to be an alternative to fluorescence for the analysis of the main component either for the control of galenic forms or for therapeutic adaptation. Moreover, this method exhibits better performances than HPLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Goossens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Petr J, Maier V, Horáková J, Sevcík J, Stránský Z. Capillary isotachophoresis from the student point of view – images and the reality. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:2705-15. [PMID: 17305231 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A review of some fundamental aspects of ITP from the student point of view, imaginations of some basic facts and laws, use of ITP, and the recent trends are presented. The results of theoretical computations of ITP separation processes are added for comparison of imaginations with the exact mathematical description.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petr
- Department of Analytical Chemistrý, Palackỳ University, Trída Svobody 8, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|