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Krebs F, Zagst H, Stein M, Ratih R, Minkner R, Olabi M, Hartung S, Scheller C, Lapizco-Encinas BH, Sänger-van de Griend C, García CD, Wätzig H. Strategies for capillary electrophoresis: Method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological applications-Updated and completely revised edition. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1279-1341. [PMID: 37537327 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This review is in support of the development of selective, precise, fast, and validated capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods. It follows up a similar article from 1998, Wätzig H, Degenhardt M, Kunkel A. "Strategies for capillary electrophoresis: method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological applications," pointing out which fundamentals are still valid and at the same time showing the enormous achievements in the last 25 years. The structures of both reviews are widely similar, in order to facilitate their simultaneous use. Focusing on pharmaceutical and biological applications, the successful use of CE is now demonstrated by more than 600 carefully selected references. Many of those are recent reviews; therefore, a significant overview about the field is provided. There are extra sections about sample pretreatment related to CE and microchip CE, and a completely revised section about method development for protein analytes and biomolecules in general. The general strategies for method development are summed up with regard to selectivity, efficiency, precision, analysis time, limit of detection, sample pretreatment requirements, and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finja Krebs
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Holger Zagst
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Ratih Ratih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Robert Minkner
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Mais Olabi
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Sophie Hartung
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Christin Scheller
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Cari Sänger-van de Griend
- Kantisto BV, Baarn, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carlos D García
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute, of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Tůma P. Progress in on-line, at-line, and in-line coupling of sample treatment with capillary and microchip electrophoresis over the past 10 years: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1261:341249. [PMID: 37147053 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The review presents an evaluation of the development of on-line, at-line and in-line sample treatment coupled with capillary and microchip electrophoresis over the last 10 years. In the first part, it describes different types of flow-gating interfaces (FGI) such as cross-FGI, coaxial-FGI, sheet-flow-FGI, and air-assisted-FGI and their fabrication using molding into polydimethylsiloxane and commercially available fittings. The second part deals with the coupling of capillary and microchip electrophoresis with microdialysis, solid-phase, liquid-phase, and membrane based extraction techniques. It mainly focuses on modern techniques such as extraction across supported liquid membrane, electroextraction, single drop microextraction, head space microextraction, and microdialysis with high spatial and temporal resolution. Finally, the design of sequential electrophoretic analysers and fabrication of SPE microcartridges with monolithic and molecularly imprinted polymeric sorbents are discussed. Applications include the monitoring of metabolites, neurotransmitters, peptides and proteins in body fluids and tissues to study processes in living organisms, as well as the monitoring of nutrients, minerals and waste compounds in food, natural and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
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Moreno-González D, Jáč P, Riasová P, Nováková L. In-line molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of patulin in apple-based food. Food Chem 2020; 334:127607. [PMID: 32711279 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple and sensitive method for the determination of patulin at µg·kg-1 level in apple-based products. Our method relies on the application of an in-line molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction microcartridge in capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. Capillary zone electrophoresis method has been developed and parameters affecting the in-line process have been carefully optimized. Validation parameters were assessed for patulin, giving LOQ of 1 µg·kg-1 and linearity range 1-100 µg·kg-1 with R2 ≥ 0.997. The LOQ was below the maximum content of patulin requested by the European Union in this type of products. The precision of the peak area and the migration time were less than 14.9 and 1.6%, respectively. Patulin has been analyzed in the presence of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which is the main interference in this kind of matrix. The method was applied to assay patulin content in various apple-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreno-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Jáč
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Riasová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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4
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Pieckowski M, Kowalski P, Bączek T. Combination of large volume sample stacking with polarity switching and cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography (LVSS-PS-CDEKC) for the determination of selected preservatives in pharmaceuticals. Talanta 2019; 211:120673. [PMID: 32070558 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a large volume sample stacking (LVSS) with polarity switching (PS) and cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography (CDEKC) method has been developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of 8 preservatives: methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), butylparaben (BP), isobutylparaben (IBP), sorbic acid (SA), benzoic acid (BA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) in pharmaceuticals. The effects of some typical parameters such as sample volume, applied voltage, composition and pH of the running buffer and organic modifier concentration were examined and optimized. Moreover, the impact of type and concentration of cyclodextrin as electrolyte modifiers was also investigated. The detection limits of analytes for the elaborated LVSS-PS-CDEKC method were found to be in 0.8-5 ng mL-1 range, which were around 500 times lower than normal CDEKC without preconcentration technique. All analytes were completely resolved in less than 11 min in an uncoated fused-silica capillary of 75 μm internal diameter (I.D) x 50 cm length. The electrophoretic separation was performed in a 2 mM α-cyclodextrin and 25 mM tetraborate system (pH = 9.3) with an applied voltage of 25 kV. The established method was validated and confirmed to be applicable for the determination of the preservatives in a quality control of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieckowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Kowalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
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5
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Hajian A, Ghodsi J, Afraz A, Yurchenko O, Urban G. Nanomolar detection of methylparaben by a cost-effective hemoglobin-based biosensor. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:122-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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You X, Piao C, Chen L. Preparation of a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer by atom-transfer radical polymerization for the extraction of parabens from fruit juices. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2831-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao You
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
| | | | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin China
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7
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Yi F, Zheng Y, Wang T, Liu L, Yu Q, Xu S, Ma H, Cheng R, Ye J, Chu Q. Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Endocrine Disruptors in Water Samples by Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Modified CE Coupled with Hollow-Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Moreno-González D, Lupión-Enríquez I, García-Campaña AM. Trace determination of tetracyclines in water samples by capillary zone electrophoresis combining off-line and on-line sample preconcentration. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1212-9. [PMID: 27135309 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a sensitive and reliable method using capillary zone electrophoresis with UV detection has been developed for trace determination of tetracycline antibiotics in river, spring, and ground waters. A solid-phase extraction method using Oasis HLB was applied for off-line preconcentration and cleanup of water samples, in combination with an on-line preconcentration methodology named large volume sample stacking with polarity switching. Different parameters were optimized in order to obtain an adequate separation combined with the highest sensitivity, using 75 mM sodium carbonate (pH 10) and 1 mM EDTA as separation buffer, applying a voltage of 25 kV at 25°C. The samples were injected in water at 1 bar for 1 min, applying then -25 kV and starting the sample stacking. Sample matrix removal from the capillary was controlled by monitoring the electric current (when the 95% of the separation current is reached the stacking process is completed). The applied voltage was then switched from negative to a positive value of 25 kV in order to separate the compounds. Under optimum conditions, sensitivity enhancement factors ranged from 303 to 428 for the studied compounds. The combination of both off-line and on-line preconcentration procedures provided a total sensitivity enhancement factor about 20 000, obtaining detection limits from 67 to 167 ng/L. The precision (intra- and interday), expressed as %RSD was below 12%. Recoveries obtained from river, spring, and ground waters ranged from 87 to 96%. Thus, this procedure is suitable for monitoring these compounds in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreno-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Lupión-Enríquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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9
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Acunha T, Ibáñez C, García-Cañas V, Simó C, Cifuentes A. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:111-41. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanize Acunha
- Laboratory of Foodomics; CIAL, CSIC; Madrid Spain
- CAPES Foundation; Ministry of Education of Brazil; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Clara Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics; CIAL, CSIC; Madrid Spain
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10
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Alshana U, Ertaş N, Göğer NG. Determination of parabens in human milk and other food samples by capillary electrophoresis after dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with back-extraction. Food Chem 2015; 181:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Lopez-Gazpio J, Garcia-Arrona R, Millán E. Simultaneous determination of multiclass preservatives including isothiazolinones and benzophenone-type UV filters in household and personal care products by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1064-72. [PMID: 25598506 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple and reliable micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the separation and quantification of 14 preservatives, including isothiazolinones, and two benzophenone-type UV filters in household, cosmetic and personal care products was developed. The selected priority compounds are widely used as ingredients in many personal care products, and are included in the European Regulation concerning cosmetic products. The electrophoretic separation parameters were optimized by means of a modified chromatographic response function in combination with an experimental design, namely a central composite design. After optimization of experimental conditions, the BGE selected for the separation of the targets consisted of 60 mM SDS, 18 mM sodium tetraborate, pH 9.4 and 10% v/v methanol. The MEKC method was checked in terms of linearity, LODs and quantification, repeatability, intermediate precision, and accuracy, providing appropriate values (i.e. R(2) ≥ 0.992, repeatability RSD values ˂9%, and accuracy 90-115%). Applicability of the validated method was successfully assessed by quantifying preservatives and UV filters in commercial consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josu Lopez-Gazpio
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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12
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Breadmore MC, Tubaon RM, Shallan AI, Phung SC, Abdul Keyon AS, Gstoettenmayr D, Prapatpong P, Alhusban AA, Ranjbar L, See HH, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2012-2014). Electrophoresis 2015; 36:36-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Breadmore
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Ria Marni Tubaon
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aliaa I. Shallan
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Sui Ching Phung
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - Daniel Gstoettenmayr
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Pornpan Prapatpong
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mahidol University; Rajathevee Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ala A. Alhusban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Leila Ranjbar
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Hong Heng See
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
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13
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Malá Z, Šlampová A, Křivánková L, Gebauer P, Boček P. Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:15-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šlampová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Křivánková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gebauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Boček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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14
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Liu D, Song N, Cheng YC, Chen DX, Jia Q, Yang YW. Pillarene functionalized polymer monolithic column for the solid-phase microextraction preconcentration of parabens. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Moreno-González D, Lara FJ, Gámiz-Gracia L, García-Campaña AM. Molecularly imprinted polymer as in-line concentrator in capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry for the determination of quinolones in bovine milk samples. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1360:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Progress in stacking techniques based on field amplification of capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6129-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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da Rosa Neng N, Sequeiros RCP, Florêncio Nogueira JM. Combining bar adsorptive microextraction with capillary electrophoresis-Application for the determination of phenolic acids in food matrices. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2488-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno da Rosa Neng
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department and Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Rute C. P. Sequeiros
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department and Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - José Manuel Florêncio Nogueira
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department and Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
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18
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Wu CW, Lee JY, Hu CC, Chiu TC. On-line Concentration and Separation of Parabens by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Using Polymer Solutions. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Kitagawa F, Otsuka K. Recent applications of on-line sample preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1335:43-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Simultaneous Determination of Six Parabens in Foods by Matrix Liquid-Phase Dispersion Extraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Jooß K, Sommer J, Bunz SC, Neusüß C. In-line SPE-CE using a fritless bead string design-Application for the analysis of organic sulfonates including inline SPE-CE-MS for APTS-labeled glycans. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:1236-43. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jooß
- Faculty of Chemistry; Aalen University; Aalen Germany
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22
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Development of Micellar to Solvent Stacking On-line Preconcentration Technique in Capillary Electrophoresis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(13)60698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Developments in coupled solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis 2011-2013. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:128-37. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawi Ramautar
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; Leiden University; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry; VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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24
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Ye N, Shi P, Li J, Wang Q. Application of Graphene as Solid Phase Extraction Absorbent for the Determination of Parabens in Cosmetic Products by Capillary Electrophoresis. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.784916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Huang JQ, Hu CC, Chiu TC. Determination of seven preservatives in cosmetic products by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:346-53. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Huang
- Department of Applied Science; National Taitung University; Taitung Taiwan
| | - Cho-Chun Hu
- Department of Applied Science; National Taitung University; Taitung Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science; National Taitung University; Taitung Taiwan
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