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Electro-thermal actuated micromixer with VU/VIU/VUVIU/VIUVU patterned microgrooves. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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2
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Tavari T, Nazari M, Meamardoost S, Tamayol A, Samandari M. A systematic overview of electrode configuration in electric‐driven micropumps. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1476-1520. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Tavari
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran
| | - Mohsen Nazari
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran
| | - Saber Meamardoost
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington Connecticut USA
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3
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A Battery-Powered Fluid Manipulation System Actuated by Mechanical Vibrations. ACTUATORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/act11050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized fluid manipulation systems are an important component of lab-on-a-chip platforms implemented in resourced-limited environments and point-of-care applications. This work aims to design, fabricate, and test a low-cost and battery-operated microfluidic diffuser/nozzle type pump to enable an alternative fluid manipulation solution for field applications. For this, CNC laser cutting and 3D printing are used to fabricate the fluidic unit and casing of the driving module of the system, respectively. This system only required 3.5-V input power and can generate flow rates up to 58 µL/min for water. In addition, this portable pump can manipulate higher viscosity fluids with kinematic viscosities up to 24 mPa·s resembling biological fluids such as sputum and saliva. The demonstrated system is a low-cost, battery-powered, and highly versatile fluid pump that can be adopted in various lab-on-a-chip applications for field deployment and remote applications.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Wan K, Wu M, Guo L, Liu X, Wei G. On the design, functions, and biomedical applications of high-throughput dielectrophoretic micro-/nanoplatforms: a review. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4330-4358. [PMID: 33620368 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an efficient, rapid and label-free micro-/nanoparticle separation technique, dielectrophoresis (DEP) has attracted widespread attention in recent years, especially in the field of biomedicine, which exhibits huge potential in biomedically relevant applications such as disease diagnosis, cancer cell screening, biosensing, and others. DEP technology has been greatly developed recently from the low-flux laboratory level to high-throughput practical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of DEP technology in biomedical applications, including firstly the design of various types and materials of DEP electrode and flow channel, design of input signals, and other improved designs. Then, functional tailoring of DEP systems with endowed specific functions including separation, purification, capture, enrichment and connection of biosamples, as well as the integration of multifunctions, are demonstrated. After that, representative DEP biomedical application examples in aspects of disease detection, drug synthesis and screening, biosensing and cell positioning are presented. Finally, limitations of existing DEP platforms on biomedical application are discussed, in which emphasis is given to the impact of other electrodynamic effects such as electrophoresis (EP), electroosmosis (EO) and electrothermal (ET) effects on DEP efficiency. This article aims to provide new ideas for the design of novel DEP micro-/nanoplatforms with desirable high throughput toward application in the biomedical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Keming Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Mingxue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Lei Guo
- Research Center for High-Value Utilization of Waste Biomass, College of Life Science, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
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Ozcelik A, Aslan Z. A practical microfluidic pump enabled by acoustofluidics and 3D printing. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2021; 25:5. [PMID: 33424526 PMCID: PMC7780904 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-020-02411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple and low-cost solutions are becoming extremely important for the evolving necessities of biomedical applications. Even though, on-chip sample processing and analysis has been rapidly developing for a wide range of screening and diagnostic protocols, efficient and reliable fluid manipulation in microfluidic platforms still require further developments to be considered portable and accessible for low-resource settings. In this work, we present an extremely simple microfluidic pumping device based on three-dimensional (3D) printing and acoustofluidics. The fabrication of the device only requires 3D-printed adaptors, rectangular glass capillaries, epoxy and a piezoelectric transducer. The pumping mechanism relies on the flexibility and complexity of the acoustic streaming patterns generated inside the capillary. Characterization of the device yields controllable and continuous flow rates suitable for on-chip sample processing and analysis. Overall, a maximum flow rate of ~ 12 μL/min and the control of pumping direction by frequency tuning is achieved. With its versatility and simplicity, this microfluidic pumping device offers a promising solution for portable, affordable and reliable fluid manipulation for on-chip applications. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10404-020-02411-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aslan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Lijnse T, Cenaiko S, Dalton C. Numerical simulation of a tuneable reversible flow design for practical ACET devices. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlternating Current Electrothermal (ACET) micropumps are a well-documented flow induction and mixing method. This phenomenon has significant promise as a reliable microfluidic pumping method for high conductivity biofluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, urine, or blood. Practical implementations so far have been limited by complex designs focused on maximized flow rates, typically in only one direction at a time. This paper describes a device geometry demonstrating, and quantifying for the first time, fully reversible flow, that is, going from 100% flow in one direction to fully symmetrical 100% flow in the opposite direction. This design incorporates multiple features targeted at practical fabrication and applications. The design enables fine-tuning of flow speeds via adjustable signal strengths in a unique manner compared to traditional ACET devices. A full numerical simulation of this device has been performed within this work. Additionally, this paper reports several methods for increasing usability of ACET devices, including proposing coatings to prevent electrolysis and increase flow rates without the risk of fluid reactions, manufacturing methods for ease of handling, and specific device parameters for implementation in microdevices. The development of an ACET device that can precisely and efficiently pump and extract fluids allows for new applications in integrated biological systems and monitoring devices.
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Kunti G, Agarwal T, Bhattacharya A, Maiti TK, Chakraborty S. On-Chip Concentration and Patterning of Biological Cells Using Interplay of Electrical and Thermal Fields. Anal Chem 2019; 92:838-844. [PMID: 31769657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Anandaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India
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Salari A, Navi M, Lijnse T, Dalton C. AC Electrothermal Effect in Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E762. [PMID: 31717932 PMCID: PMC6915365 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The electrothermal effect has been investigated extensively in microfluidics since the 1990s and has been suggested as a promising technique for fluid manipulations in lab-on-a-chip devices. The purpose of this article is to provide a timely overview of the previous works conducted in the AC electrothermal field to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers new to this field. First, electrokinetic phenomena are briefly introduced to show where the electrothermal effect stands, comparatively, versus other mechanisms. Then, recent advances in the electrothermal field are reviewed from different aspects and categorized to provide a better insight into the current state of the literature. Results and achievements of different studies are compared, and recommendations are made to help researchers weigh their options and decide on proper configuration and parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Maryam Navi
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Thomas Lijnse
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Colin Dalton
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Salari A, Dalton C. Simultaneous Pumping and Mixing of Biological Fluids in a Double-Array Electrothermal Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10020092. [PMID: 30696037 PMCID: PMC6413218 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transport and mixing of minute amounts of biological fluids are significantly important in lab-on-a-chip devices. It has been shown that the electrothermal technique is a suitable candidate for applications involving high-conductivity biofluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine. Here, we introduce a double-array AC electrothermal (ACET) device consisting of two opposing microelectrode arrays, which can be used for simultaneous mixing and pumping. First, in a 2D simulation, an optimum electrode-pair configuration capable of achieving fast transverse mixing at a microfluidic channel cross-section is identified by comparing different electrode geometries. The results show that by adjusting the applied voltage pattern and position of the asymmetrical microelectrodes in the two arrays, due to the resultant circular flow streamlines, the time it takes for the analytes to be convected across the channel cross-section is reduced by 95% compared to a diffusion-only-based transport regime, and by 80% compared to a conventional two-layer ACET device. Using a 3D simulation, the fluid transport (pumping and mixing) capabilities of such an electrode pair placed at different angles longitudinally relative to the channel was studied. It was found that an asymmetrical electrode configuration placed at an angle in the range of 30°≤θ≤45° can significantly increase transversal mixing efficiency while generating strong longitudinal net flow. These findings are of interest for lab-on-a-chip applications, especially for biosensors and immunoassays, where mixing analyte solutions while simultaneously moving them through a microchannel can greatly enhance the sensing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada.
| | - Colin Dalton
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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10
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Kunti G, Dhar J, Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty S. Joule heating-induced particle manipulation on a microfluidic chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014113. [PMID: 30867883 PMCID: PMC6404938 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We develop an electrokinetic technique that continuously manipulates colloidal particles to concentrate into patterned particulate groups in an energy efficient way, by exclusive harnessing of the intrinsic Joule heating effects. Our technique exploits the alternating current electrothermal flow phenomenon which is generated due to the interaction between non-uniform electric and thermal fields. Highly non-uniform electric field generates sharp temperature gradients by generating spatially-varying Joule heat that varies along the radial direction from a concentrated point hotspot. Sharp temperature gradients induce a local variation in electric properties which, in turn, generate a strong electrothermal vortex. The imposed fluid flow brings the colloidal particles at the centre of the hotspot and enables particle aggregation. Furthermore, maneuvering structures of the Joule heating spots, different patterns of particle clustering may be formed in a low power budget, thus opening up a new realm of on-chip particle manipulation process without necessitating a highly focused laser beam which is much complicated and demands higher power budget. This technique can find its use in Lab-on-a-chip devices to manipulate particle groups, including biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Jayabrata Dhar
- CNRS, Universite de Rennes 1, Geosciences Rennes UMR6118, Rennes, France
| | - Anandaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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11
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Mi S, Li B, Yi X, Xu Y, Du Z, Yang S, Li W, Sun W. An AC electrothermal self-circulating system with a minimalist process to construct a biomimetic liver lobule model for drug testing. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36987-36998. [PMID: 35557806 PMCID: PMC9089443 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver-on-chip, due to its precision and low cost for constructing in vitro models, has tremendous potential for drug toxicity testing and pathological studies. By applying APAP (acetaminophen) treatment of different concentrations, a dynamic self-circulating liver lobule model for drug testing was proven useful for emulating the human physiological system. However, the demand for a dynamic system of on-chip organs is difficult to fulfil due to the relatively cumbersome fabrication processes. In this paper, the design and fabrication of an AC electrothermal self-circulating system combined with a 3D biomimetic liver lobule is described. The system was fabricated using a low-cost ITO laser etching process within a few seconds. A large number of interdigital electrodes were arranged in a limited space to increase the fluid flow-driven efficiency. The liver lobule consists of two parts, a hepatocyte cell-laden layer and an endothelial layer, which exhibit a sandwich radial shaped pattern that is more bionic in structure and function. By evaluating the velocity and temperature in the self-circulating system at various voltages and frequencies, we obtained a set of reliable input parameters to provide an adequate supply of culture fluid without cell damage. The metabolism of the liver lobule in dynamic culture and static culture was compared based on cell viability, albumin secretion and urea synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Mi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 PR China
| | - Baihan Li
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
| | - Xiaoman Yi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Zhichang Du
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
| | - Shuaitao Yang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen P. R. China +8675526036356 +8675526036329
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Tsinghua University Beijing China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen P. R. China
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Hossan MR, Dutta D, Islam N, Dutta P. Review: Electric field driven pumping in microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:702-731. [PMID: 29130508 PMCID: PMC5832652 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pumping of fluids with precise control is one of the key components in a microfluidic device. The electric field has been used as one of the most popular and efficient nonmechanical pumping mechanism to transport fluids in microchannels from the very early stage of microfluidic technology development. This review presents fundamental physics and theories of the different microscale phenomena that arise due to the application of an electric field in fluids, which can be applied for pumping of fluids in microdevices. Specific mechanisms considered in this report are electroosmosis, AC electroosmosis, AC electrothermal, induced charge electroosmosis, traveling wave dielectrophoresis, and liquid dielectrophoresis. Each phenomenon is discussed systematically with theoretical rigor and role of relevant key parameters are identified for pumping in microdevices. We specifically discussed the electric field driven body force term for each phenomenon using generalized Maxwell stress tensor as well as simplified effective dipole moment based method. Both experimental and theoretical works by several researchers are highlighted in this article for each electric field driven pumping mechanism. The detailed understanding of these phenomena and relevant key parameters are critical for better utilization, modulation, and selection of appropriate phenomenon for efficient pumping in a specific microfluidic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Hossan
- Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Diganta Dutta
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA
| | - Prashanta Dutta
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Hadjiaghaie Vafaie R, Madanpasandi A. In-situ AC electroosmotic and thermal perturbation effects for wide range of ionic strength. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2017.3.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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