1
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Doria SM, Islam MN, Gagnon ZR. Teíchophoresis-enabled electrokinetic sample preparation and detection of calcium in natural plant samples. Talanta 2024; 267:125094. [PMID: 37666085 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel upstream electrokinetic sample preparation and liquid interfacial microfluidic method to pre-concentrate, detect and quantify the concentration of a charged species, such as calcium, from a natural plant sample. We employ a new electrokinetic phenomenon, termed as "Teíchophoresis" (TPE) to preconcentrate sample calcium ions (up to a 20X increase) against a conductive wall. Using microfluidic flow, we then continuously transport the pre-concentrated calcium to a hydrodynamically streamed interfacial sensing zone where we utilize the model fluorescent chelation reaction between calcium and Calcium Green-1 (CG1) to fluorescently quantify the calcium concentration. Using a combination of finite element analysis and finite difference numerical modelling, we model the kinetics of the CG1-calcium interfacial binding and predictably validate our TPE-driven concentration results. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our device for real world samples by determining the calcium concentration in a tree bark extract acquired from a southern live oak and confirm our concentration results using ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Doria
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Md Nazibul Islam
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zachary R Gagnon
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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2
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Free-flow biomolecular concentration and separation of proteins and nucleic acids using teíchophoresis. Talanta 2023; 255:124198. [PMID: 36580810 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to preconcentrate, separate, and purify biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, is an important requirement for the next generation of portable diagnostic tools for environmental monitoring and disease detection. Traditionally, such pretreatment has been accomplished using large, centralized liquid- or solid-phase extraction equipment, which can be time-consuming and requires many processing steps. Here, we present a newly developed electrokinetic concentration technique, teíchophoresis (TPE), to concentrate and separate proteins, and to concentrate nucleic acids. In TPE, a free-flowing sample is exposed to a perpendicular electric field in the vicinity of a mass-impermeable conductive wall and a conductive terminating electrolyte (TE), which creates a high electric field strength zone between the lower mobility sample and the no-flux barrier. Unlike a similar electrokinetic concentration method, isotachophoresis (ITP), TPE does not require a leading electrolyte (LE), yet still enables a continuous field-driven electrophoretic ion migration across the channel and a free-flowing biomolecular concentration at the conductive wall. Here, we demonstrate the use of free-flow TPE (FFTPE) to manipulate biomolecular samples containing proteins or nucleic acids. We first use TPE to drive a 6.6-fold concentration increase of avidin-FITC, and also demonstrate protein separation and stacking between ovalbumin-fluorescein and BSA-AlexaFluor 555, both without the use of a conventional LE. Further, we utilize TPE to perform a 21-fold concentration increase of nucleic acids. Our results show that TPE is biocompatible with both proteins and nucleic acids, requires only 10 V DC, produces no significant sample pH changes during operation, and demonstrates that this method can be used as an effective sample pretreatment to prepare biological samples for downstream analysis in a continuous free-flowing microfluidic channel.
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3
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Doria S, Gagnon Z. Continuous Molecular Concentration and Separation Using Pulsed-Field Conductive-Wall Single-Buffer Teı́chophoresis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13481-13488. [PMID: 36121349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of a novel continuous electrokinetic molecular concentration and separation technique termed teı́chophoresis (TPE). We demonstrate here that TPE can serve as a potential alternative to the electrokinetic method isotachophoresis (ITP). In ITP, an electric field serves to focus charged species between a low-mobility terminating electrolyte (TE) and a high-mobility leading electrolyte (LE). Similarly, TPE serves to focus charged species between a low-mobility TE; however, the LE is conveniently replaced with a no-flux boundary generated by a conductive wall. The electric field can still penetrate this no-flux region due to the wall's finite conductivity, but ion migration is impeded due to the physicality of the wall. We perform detailed concentration and separation experiments across varying electric potentials, flow rates, and TE concentrations. We also show that TPE can achieve a 60,000-fold concentration factor continuously without an LE, using only 10 V DC. In comparison with conventional batch-driven ITP, continuous free-flow wall TPE (FFTPE) has the potential to serve as a simplified alternative method. FFTPE offers a high concentration power at a fraction of the required voltage, does not require an LE, and has the increased throughput potential of a continuous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Doria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 201 Jack E. Brown Building, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zachary Gagnon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 201 Jack E. Brown Building, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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4
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Piezoresistive Conductive Microfluidic Membranes for Low-Cost On-Chip Pressure and Flow Sensing. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041489. [PMID: 35214391 PMCID: PMC8879421 DOI: 10.3390/s22041489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the field of microfluidics has received significant attention from both academia and industry. Each year, researchers report thousands of new prototype devices for use in a broad range of environmental, pharmaceutical, and biomedical engineering applications. While lab-on-a-chip fabrication costs have continued to decrease, the hardware required for monitoring fluid flows within the microfluidic devices themselves remains expensive and often cost-prohibitive for researchers interested in starting a microfluidics project. As microfluidic devices become capable of handling complex fluidic systems, low-cost, precise, and real-time pressure and flow rate measurement capabilities have become increasingly important. While many labs use commercial platforms and sensors, these solutions can often cost thousands of dollars and can be too bulky for on-chip use. Here we present a new inexpensive and easy-to-use piezoresistive pressure and flow sensor that can be easily integrated into existing on-chip microfluidic channels. The sensor consists of PDMS–carbon black conductive membranes and uses an impedance analyzer to measure impedance changes due to fluid pressure. The sensor costs several orders of magnitude less than existing commercial platforms and can monitor local fluid pressures and calculate flow rates based on the pressure gradient.
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5
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Zhang A, Xu J, Li X, Lin Z, Song Y, Li X, Wang Z, Cheng Y. High-Throughput Continuous-Flow Separation in a Micro Free-Flow Electrophoresis Glass Chip Based on Laser Microfabrication. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1124. [PMID: 35161869 PMCID: PMC8838507 DOI: 10.3390/s22031124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micro free-flow electrophoresis (μFFE) provides a rapid and straightforward route for the high-performance online separation and purification of targeted liquid samples in a mild manner. However, the facile fabrication of a μFFE device with high throughput and high stability remains a challenge due to the technical barriers of electrode integration and structural design for the removal of bubbles for conventional methods. To address this, the design and fabrication of a high-throughput μFFE chip are proposed using laser-assisted chemical etching of glass followed by electrode integration and subsequent low-temperature bonding. The careful design of the height ratio of the separation chamber and electrode channels combined with a high flow rate of buffer solution allows the efficient removal of electrolysis-generated bubbles along the deep electrode channels during continuous-flow separation. The introduction of microchannel arrays further enhances the stability of on-chip high-throughput separation. As a proof-of-concept, high-performance purification of fluorescein sodium solution with a separation purity of ~97.9% at a voltage of 250 V from the mixture sample solution of fluorescein sodium and rhodamine 6G solution is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aodong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zijie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ya Cheng
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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6
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Microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis: a promising tool for protein purification and analysis in proteomics. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Li X, Duan J, Qu Z, Wang J, Ji M, Zhang B. Continuous Particle Separation Driven by 3D Ag-PDMS Electrodes with Dielectric Electrophoretic Force Coupled with Inertia Force. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13010117. [PMID: 35056282 PMCID: PMC8780234 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation has become @important in biological and medical applications. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is widely used due to the advantages it offers, such as the lack of a requirement for biological markers and the fact that it involves no damage to cells or particles. This study aimed to report a novel approach combining 3D sidewall electrodes and contraction/expansion (CEA) structures to separate three kinds of particles with different sizes or dielectric properties continuously. The separation was achieved through the interaction between electrophoretic forces and inertia forces. The CEA channel was capable of sorting particles with different sizes due to inertial forces, and also enhanced the nonuniformity of the electric field. The 3D electrodes generated a non-uniform electric field at the same height as the channels, which increased the action range of the DEP force. Finite element simulations using the commercial software, COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4, were performed to determine the flow field distributions, electric field distributions, and particle trajectories. The separation experiments were assessed by separating 4 µm polystyrene (PS) particles from 20 µm PS particles at different flow rates by experiencing positive and negative DEP. Subsequently, the sorting performances of the 4 µm PS particles, 20 µm PS particles, and 4 µm silica particles with different solution conductivities were observed. Both the numerical simulations and the practical particle separation displayed high separating efficiency (separation of 4 µm PS particles, 94.2%; separation of 20 µm PS particles, 92.1%; separation of 4 µm Silica particles, 95.3%). The proposed approach is expected to open a new approach to cell sorting and separating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
- Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Junping Duan
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Zeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Jiayun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Miaomiao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Binzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, Micro Nano Technology Research Center, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (X.L.); (J.D.); (Z.Q.); (J.W.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Šolínová V, Sázelová P, Mášová A, Jiráček J, Kašička V. Application of Capillary and Free-Flow Zone Electrophoresis for Analysis and Purification of Antimicrobial β-Alanyl-Tyrosine from Hemolymph of Fleshfly Neobellieria bullata. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185636. [PMID: 34577107 PMCID: PMC8469924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of a growing resistance of bacteria and other microorganisms to conventional antibiotics gave rise to a search for new potent antimicrobial agents. Insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to be promising novel potential anti-infective therapeutics. The dipeptide β-alanyl-tyrosine (β-Ala-Tyr) is one of the endogenous insect toxins exhibiting antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Prior to testing its other antimicrobial activities, it has to be prepared in a pure form. In this study, we have developed a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for analysis of β-Ala-Tyr isolated from the extract of the hemolymph of larvae of the fleshfly Neobellieria bullata by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Based on our previously described correlation between CZE and free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE), analytical CZE separation of β-Ala-Tyr and its admixtures have been converted into preparative purification of β-Ala-Tyr by FFZE with preparative capacity of 45.5 mg per hour. The high purity degree of the β-Ala-Tyr obtained by FFZE fractionation was confirmed by its subsequent CZE analysis.
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9
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Preuss JA, Nguyen GN, Berk V, Bahnemann J. Miniaturized free-flow electrophoresis: production, optimization, and application using 3D printing technology. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:305-314. [PMID: 33128392 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing resolution of three-dimensional (3D) printing offers simplified access to, and development of, microfluidic devices with complex 3D structures. Therefore, this technology is increasingly used for rapid prototyping in laboratories and industry. Microfluidic free flow electrophoresis (μFFE) is a versatile tool to separate and concentrate different samples (such as DNA, proteins, and cells) to different outlets in a time range measured in mere tens of seconds and offers great potential for use in downstream processing, for example. However, the production of μFFE devices is usually rather elaborate. Many designs are based on chemical pretreatment or manual alignment for the setup. Especially for the separation chamber of a μFFE device, this is a crucial step which should be automatized. We have developed a smart 3D design of a μFFE to pave the way for a simpler production. This study presents (1) a robust and reproducible way to build up critical parts of a μFFE device based on high-resolution MultiJet 3D printing; (2) a simplified insertion of commercial polycarbonate membranes to segregate separation and electrode chambers; and (3) integrated, 3D-printed wells that enable a defined sample fractionation (chip-to-world interface). In proof of concept experiments both a mixture of fluorescence dyes and a mixture of amino acids were successfully separated in our 3D-printed μFFE device.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Alexander Preuss
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Gia Nam Nguyen
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Virginia Berk
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, Hannover, 30167, Germany
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10
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Dielectrophoretic Separation of Particles Using Microfluidic Chip with Composite Three-Dimensional Electrode. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11070700. [PMID: 32698449 PMCID: PMC7407815 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrating three-dimensional (3D) microelectrodes on microfluidic chips based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been a challenge. This paper introduces a composite 3D electrode composed of Ag powder (particle size of 10 nm) and PDMS. Ethyl acetate is added as an auxiliary dispersant during the compounding process. A micromachining technique for processing 3D microelectrodes of any shape and size was developed to allow the electrodes to be firmly bonded to the PDMS chip. Through theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and experimental verification, the role of the composite 3D microelectrodes in separating polystyrene particles of three different sizes via dielectrophoresis was systematically studied. This microfluidic device separated 20-, 10-, and 5-μm polystyrene particles nondestructively, efficiently, and accurately.
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11
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Dong S, Jiang Z, Liu Z, Chen L, Zhang Q, Tian Y, Sohail A, Khan MI, Xiao H, Liu X, Wang Y, Li H, Wu H, Liu W, Cao C. Purification of low-abundance lysozyme in egg white via free-flow electrophoresis with gel-filtration chromatography. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1529-1538. [PMID: 32529672 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As an effective separation tool, free-flow electrophoresis has not been used for purification of low-abundance protein in complex sample matrix. Herein, lysozyme in complex egg white matrix was chosen as the model protein for demonstrating the purification of low-content peptide via an FFE coupled with gel fitration chromatography (GFC). The crude lysozyme in egg while was first separated via free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE). After that, the fractions with lysozyme activity were condensed via lyophilization. Thereafter, the condensed fractions were further purified via a GFC of Sephadex G50. In all of the experiments, a special poly(acrylamide- co-acrylic acid) (P(AM-co-AA)) gel electrophoresis and a mass spectrometry were used for identification of lysozyme. The conditions of FFZE were optimized as follows: 130 μL/min sample flow rate, 4.9 mL/min background buffer of 20 mM pH 5.5 Tris-Acetic acid, 350 V, and 14 °C as well as 2 mg/mL protein content of crude sample. It was found that the purified lysozyme had the purity of 80% and high activity as compared with its crude sample with only 1.4% content and undetectable activity. The recoveries in the first and second separative steps were 65% and 82%, respectively, and the total recovery was about 53.3%. The reasons of low recovery might be induced by diffusion of lysozyme out off P(AM-co-AA) gel and co-removing of high-abundance egg ovalbumin. All these results indicated FFE could be used as alternative tool for purification of target solute with low abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Dong
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ziqin Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Youli Tian
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Amir Sohail
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Idrees Khan
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Honggen Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weiwen Liu
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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12
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Saucedo-Espinosa MA, Dittrich PS. In-Droplet Electrophoretic Separation and Enrichment of Biomolecules. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8414-8421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Saucedo-Espinosa
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Huang L, Yu W, Guo X, Huang Y, Zhou Q, Zhai H. Chip-based multi-molecularly imprinted monolithic capillary array columns coated Fe3O4/GO for selective extraction and simultaneous determination of tetracycline, chlortetracycline and deoxytetracycline in eggs. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Rudisch BM, Pfeiffer SA, Geissler D, Speckmeier E, Robitzki AA, Zeitler K, Belder D. Nonaqueous Micro Free-Flow Electrophoresis for Continuous Separation of Reaction Mixtures in Organic Media. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6689-6694. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Rudisch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Simon A. Pfeiffer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - David Geissler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Speckmeier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Andrea A. Robitzki
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Kirsten Zeitler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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15
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Zhou W, Xia L, Xiao X, Li G, Pu Q. A microchip device to enhance free flow electrophoresis using controllable pinched sample injections. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2165-2171. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Zhou
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- Department of Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu P. R. China
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16
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Xie GL, Yu H, Deng MH, Zhao XL, Yu P. A colorimetric microfluidic sensor made by a simple instrumental-free prototyping process for sensitive quantitation of copper. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Silverio V, Silva AV, Przykaza K, Santos LF, Melo LV, Cardoso S. Dark matters: black-PDMS nanocomposite for opaque microfluidic systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2719-2726. [PMID: 30663744 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06828c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optically detectable labels and probes are commonly used in bioapplications. Together with the miniaturization of analytical platforms based on microfluidic technology, with tuneable properties, they yield unparalleled opportunities towards faster, cheaper and more efficient biomolecule analysis. This work describes the preparation and testing of uniformly shaded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes and microfluidic devices used to enhance or inhibit optical detection of fluorescent labels. The uniformly pigmented black-PDMS nanocomposite mixtures have been prepared by adding a known quantity of black pigment to PDMS, and its optical, spectroscopic and morphological properties have been characterized. The effect of pigment-to-DMS mixing ratio has been investigated by Ultra-Violet/Visible, near infrared and middle infrared spectroscopies; scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy; and contact angle measurements. The results demonstrate that optical and spectroscopic properties of black-PDMS are strongly altered with the progressive inclusion of black pigment while wetting behaviour and morphology are maintained. Surface contact angle decreases more prominently with the decreasing ratio of DMS-to-curing agent than for the inclusion of pigment nanocomposite in the mixture. The ability to tune optical properties of PDMS has been experimentally demonstrated in a Black-PDMS nanocomposite microfluidic chip cast and bonded to glass. The results show double the signal-to-noise in fluorescence images as compared to pure PDMS devices, demonstrating a very promising integrated optical detection strategy for portable microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Silverio
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores para os Microsistemas e as Nanotecnologias, INESC MN, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal.
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18
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Deshpande TD, Singh YRG, Patil S, Joshi YM, Sharma A. To study surface and sub-surface nanomechanical properties of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7829-7838. [PMID: 30191946 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate surface and sub-surface nanomechanical properties of nanocomposites based on a crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer and electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. Fabrication of PDMS substrates with anisotropy with respect to surface elasticity and their characterization in terms of local nanomechanical properties are important for many areas of adhesion applications. PDMS nanocomposite substrates with variations in surface elasticity over large areas are prepared by controllably embedding electrospun PAN nanofibers (∼600 nm) in a PDMS matrix using the solution casting technique. Variations of local surface stiffness properties of prepared composites are measured using force spectroscopy and force mapping modes of atomic force microscopy and compared with their macroscopic (bulk) mechanical properties. Since the surface of the prepared nanocomposite is elastically non-homogeneous, our studies are mainly focused on the investigation of the hysteresis (plasticity index) between loading and unloading curves which is a measure of energy dissipation in AFM indentation experiments. The distribution of the local plasticity index in the PAN/PDMS composites is related to the specific organization of electrospun nanofibers at the surface and sub-surface layers of the PDMS matrix. We observed that embedding 0.1-1% PAN nanofibers induces anti-plasticization effects for lower (0.1%) and higher (1%) concentrations of PAN nanofibers which represent the formation of interpenetrating networks and mat-like blended structures of PAN nanofibers within the PDMS matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar D Deshpande
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, UP, India.
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19
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Novo P, Janasek D. Current advances and challenges in microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis-A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 991:9-29. [PMID: 29031303 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The research field on microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis has developed vast amounts of devices, methods, applications and raised new questions, often in analogy to conventional techniques from which it derives. Most efforts have been employed on device development and a myriad of architectures and fabrication techniques have been reported using simple proof-of-principle separations. As technological aspects reach a quite mature state, researchers' new challenges include the development of protocols for the separation of complex mixtures, as required in the fields of application. The success of this effort is extremely dependent on the capability to transfer the device's fabrication to an industrial setting as well as to ensure interfacing simplicity, namely at the solutions' supply and collection, and actuation such as electric potential application and temperature control. Other advanced applications such as direct interfacing to downstream systems such as mass spectrometry, integration of sensing and feedback controls will require further development in the laboratory. In this review we provide an overview on the field, from basic concepts, through advanced developments both in the theoretical and experimental arenas, and addressing the above details. A comprehensive survey of designs, materials and applications is presented with particular highlights to most recent developments, namely the integration of electrodes, flow control and hyphenation of microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis with other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Novo
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk Janasek
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, Dortmund, Germany.
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