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Wu Y, Yue Y, Zhang H, Ma X, Zhang Z, Li K, Meng Y, Wang S, Wang X, Huang W. Three-dimensional rotation of deformable cells at a bipolar electrode array using a rotating electric field. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:933-945. [PMID: 38273814 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00882g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional rotation of cells is imperative in a variety of applications such as biology, medicine, and chemistry. We report for the first time a versatile approach for executing controllable 3D rotation of cells or particles at a bipolar electrode (BPE) array using a rotating electric field. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by 3D rotating various cells including yeast cells and K562 cells and the cells can be rotated to a desired orientation and immobilized for further operations. Our results demonstrate how electrorotation torque, induced charge electroosmosis (ICEO) flow and dielectrophoresis can be exerted on certain cells for modulating the rotation axis, speed, and direction. ICEO-based out-of-plane rotation is capable of rotating various cells in a vertical plane regardless of their shape and size. It can realize cell orientation by rotating cells toward a specific angle and enable cell rotation by steadily rotating multiple cells at a controllable speed. The rotation spectrum for in-plane rotation is further used to extract the cellular dielectric properties. This work offers a flexible method for controllable, contactless and precise rotation of different cells or particles, offering a rapid, high-throughput, and nondestructive rotation method for cell analysis and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518000, PR China
- Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, 215400, PR China
| | - Yuanbo Yue
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Xun Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Zhexin Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Kemu Li
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Yingqi Meng
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Shaoxi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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Mehta SK, Mondal PK. AC Electrothermal Effect Promotes Enhanced Solute Mixing in a Wavy Microchannel. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16797-16806. [PMID: 37882459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
For liquids used in biological applications, a smaller diffusion coefficient results in a longer mixing time. We discuss, in this endeavor, the promising potential of the AC electrothermal (ACET) effect toward modulating enhanced mixing of electrolytic liquids with higher convective strength in a novel wavy micromixer. To this end, we develop a modeling framework and numerically solve the pertinent transport equations in a three-dimensional (3D) configuration numerically. By benchmarking the developed modeling framework with the experimental results available in this paradigm, we aptly demonstrate the maximum temperature rise, flow topology, species concentration field, and mixing efficiency in the proposed configuration for a set of parameters pertinent to this analysis. We find that the maximum temperature increase in the wavy micromixer, owing to the electrothermal effect, is less than 10 K even for the higher strength of the applied voltage, implying nondegradation of biological substances within the liquid sample. We report that the formation of significant lateral flow closer to the electrodes leads to a highly three-dimensional ACET flow field, which has a significant impact on the mixing efficiency for the range of diffusive Peclet numbers considered. We also report that the wave amplitude of the mixer, when intervening with the diffusive Peclet number, strongly impacts the mixing efficiency. As witnessed in this endeavor, for the smaller diffusive Peclet number, the mixing efficiency increases with amplitude, while the effect becomes the opposite for the higher Peclet number. The results of this study seem to provide an adequate basis for the design of a novel micromixer intended for enhanced solute mixing in realistic microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Mehta
- Microfluidics and Microscale Transport Processes Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mondal
- Microfluidics and Microscale Transport Processes Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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Cenaiko S, Lijnse T, Dalton C. Multiphase Actuation of AC Electrothermal Micropump. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:758. [PMID: 37420991 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrothermal micropumps apply an AC electric field to a conductive fluid within the range of 10 kHz-1 MHz to generate fluid flow. In this frequency range, coulombic forces dominate fluid interactions over opposing dielectric forces, resulting in high flow rates (~50-100 μm/s). To date, the electrothermal effect-using asymmetrical electrodes-has been tested only with single-phase and 2-phase actuation, while dielectrophoretic micropumps have shown improved flow rates with 3- and 4-phase actuation. Simulating muti-phase signals in COMSOL Multiphysics requires additional modules and a more involved implementation to accurately represent the electrothermal effect in a micropump. Here, we report detailed simulations of the electrothermal effect under multi-phase conditions, including single-phase, 2-phase, 3-phase and 4-phase actuation patterns. These computational models indicate that 2-phase actuation leads to the highest flow rate, with 3-phase resulting in a 5% reduced flow rate and 4-phase resulting in an 11% reduced flow rate compared to 2-phase. With these modifications to the simulation, various actuation patterns can later be tested in COMSOL for a range of electrokinetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stirling Cenaiko
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thomas Lijnse
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Colin Dalton
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Electrical and Software Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Gharib G, Bütün İ, Muganlı Z, Kozalak G, Namlı İ, Sarraf SS, Ahmadi VE, Toyran E, van Wijnen AJ, Koşar A. Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111023. [PMID: 36421141 PMCID: PMC9688231 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Both passive and active microfluidic chips are used in many biomedical and chemical applications to support fluid mixing, particle manipulations, and signal detection. Passive microfluidic devices are geometry-dependent, and their uses are rather limited. Active microfluidic devices include sensors or detectors that transduce chemical, biological, and physical changes into electrical or optical signals. Also, they are transduction devices that detect biological and chemical changes in biomedical applications, and they are highly versatile microfluidic tools for disease diagnosis and organ modeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advances that have been made in the development of microfluidics devices. We will discuss the function of microfluidic devices as micromixers or as sorters of cells and substances (e.g., microfiltration, flow or displacement, and trapping). Microfluidic devices are fabricated using a range of techniques, including molding, etching, three-dimensional printing, and nanofabrication. Their broad utility lies in the detection of diagnostic biomarkers and organ-on-chip approaches that permit disease modeling in cancer, as well as uses in neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. Biosensor applications allow for point-of-care testing, using assays based on enzymes, nanozymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). An anticipated development in the field includes the optimization of techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices using biocompatible materials. These developments will increase biomedical versatility, reduce diagnostic costs, and accelerate diagnosis time of microfluidics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Gharib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bütün
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Zülâl Muganlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İlayda Namlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | | | - Erçil Toyran
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
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Enhancement of Binding Kinetics on Affinity Substrates Using Asymmetric Electroosmotic Flow on a Sinusoidal Bipolar Electrode. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020207. [PMID: 35208334 PMCID: PMC8878551 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, enhancing the transport of analyte to a sensor surface is crucial for rapid detection of biomolecules since common conditions, including low diffusion coefficients, cause inordinately long detection times. Integrated microfluidic immunoassay chips are receiving increasing attention for their low sample volume and fast response time. We herein take advantage of asymmetric ICEO flow at a bipolar sinusoidal electrode to improve the rate of antibody binding to the reaction surface based on finite element modeling. Three different microfluidic cavities are proposed by changing the positions of the surface reaction area. We further investigate the relationship between binding enhancement and reaction surface positions, Damkohler number, and the voltage and frequency of the AC signal applied to the driving electrodes. Furthermore, the influence of the AC signal applied to the sinusoidal bipolar electrode on antigen–antibody-binding performance is studied in detail. Above all, the simulation results demonstrate that the microfluidic immune-sensor with a sinusoidal bipolar electrode could not only significantly improve the heterogeneous immunoassays but also enable efficient enhancement of assays in a selected reaction region within the micro-cavity, providing a promising approach to a variety of immunoassay applications, such as medical diagnostics and environmental and food monitoring.
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6
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Wu Y, Hu B, Ma X, Zhang H, Li W, Wang Y, Wang S. Generation of droplets with adjustable chemical concentrations based on fixed potential induced-charge electro-osmosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:403-412. [PMID: 34950939 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00983d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effective control of the sample concentration within droplets is essential in a broad range of assays in chemistry and biochemistry. Here we provide an electrical method for producing batches of aqueous droplets with various chemical concentrations by exploiting fixed-potential induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO) flow around a bipolar electrode. By applying an AC electric signal to the bipolar electrode and changing the zeta potential on it, the bipolar electrode acts as a gate electrode for generating asymmetric ICEO flow. The ICEO flow induced transverse vortexes interact with two parallel laminar streams with different chemical compositions. Controlled mixing of the aqueous solutions can be achieved by adjusting the shape and size of the asymmetric vortexes via altering the electric signal applied to the gate electrode. The mixed streams are split at a bifurcation, and one of the streams with a desired controlled concentration is pumped into a flow-focusing geometry to generate droplets with adjustable chemical concentrations. The in-droplet concentration increases in the range of 0.412-1.404 mM, as the applied voltage increases in the range of 0-70 mV at 15 kHz. This approach offers a promising method for on-chip control of chemical concentrations within droplets without labor-intensive dilutions while minimizing the sample consumption, showing great potential for next generation droplet-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518000, PR China
- Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, 215400, PR China
| | - Bowen Hu
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Xun Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Haohao Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Wei Li
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Shaoxi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
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7
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Huo X, Chen X. A review on modeling, simulation and experiment of electrokinetic micromixers. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1773847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyao Huo
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xueye Chen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
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8
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Zhang K, Ren Y, Tao Y, Deng X, Liu W, Jiang T, Jiang H. Efficient particle and droplet manipulation utilizing the combined thermal buoyancy convection and temperature-enhanced rotating induced-charge electroosmotic flow. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1096:108-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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Salari A, Navi M, Lijnse T, Dalton C. AC Electrothermal Effect in Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E762. [PMID: 31717932 PMCID: PMC6915365 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The electrothermal effect has been investigated extensively in microfluidics since the 1990s and has been suggested as a promising technique for fluid manipulations in lab-on-a-chip devices. The purpose of this article is to provide a timely overview of the previous works conducted in the AC electrothermal field to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers new to this field. First, electrokinetic phenomena are briefly introduced to show where the electrothermal effect stands, comparatively, versus other mechanisms. Then, recent advances in the electrothermal field are reviewed from different aspects and categorized to provide a better insight into the current state of the literature. Results and achievements of different studies are compared, and recommendations are made to help researchers weigh their options and decide on proper configuration and parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Maryam Navi
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Thomas Lijnse
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Colin Dalton
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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10
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Wu Y, Ren Y, Han L, Yan Y, Jiang H. Three-dimensional paper based platform for automatically running multiple assays in a single step. Talanta 2019; 200:177-185. [PMID: 31036171 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Paper based assays are paving the way to automated, simplified, robust and cost-effective point of care testing (POCT). We propose a method for fabricating three dimensional (3D) microfluidic paper based analytical devices (μPADs) via combining thin adhesive films and paper folding, which avoids the use of cellulose powders and the complex folding sequence and simultaneously permits assays in several layers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, a 3DμPADs was designed to conduct more assays on a small footprint, allowing dual colorimetric and electrochemical detections. More importantly, we further developed a 3D platform for implementing automated and multiplexed ELISA in parallel, since ELISA, a routine and standard laboratory method, has rarely been used in practical analyses outside of the laboratory. In this configuration, complex and multistep diagnostic assays can be carried out with the addition of the sample and buffer in a simple fashion. Using Troponin I as model, the device showed a broad dynamic range of detection with a detection limit of 0.35 ng/mL. Thus, the developed platforms allow for various assays to be cost-effectively carried out on a single 3D device, showing great potential in an academic setting and point of care testing under resource-poor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China.
| | - Lianhuan Han
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Yongda Yan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China.
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11
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Wu Y, Ren Y, Tao Y, Hou L, Jiang H. High-Throughput Separation, Trapping, and Manipulation of Single Cells and Particles by Combined Dielectrophoresis at a Bipolar Electrode Array. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11461-11469. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Hossan MR, Dutta D, Islam N, Dutta P. Review: Electric field driven pumping in microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:702-731. [PMID: 29130508 PMCID: PMC5832652 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pumping of fluids with precise control is one of the key components in a microfluidic device. The electric field has been used as one of the most popular and efficient nonmechanical pumping mechanism to transport fluids in microchannels from the very early stage of microfluidic technology development. This review presents fundamental physics and theories of the different microscale phenomena that arise due to the application of an electric field in fluids, which can be applied for pumping of fluids in microdevices. Specific mechanisms considered in this report are electroosmosis, AC electroosmosis, AC electrothermal, induced charge electroosmosis, traveling wave dielectrophoresis, and liquid dielectrophoresis. Each phenomenon is discussed systematically with theoretical rigor and role of relevant key parameters are identified for pumping in microdevices. We specifically discussed the electric field driven body force term for each phenomenon using generalized Maxwell stress tensor as well as simplified effective dipole moment based method. Both experimental and theoretical works by several researchers are highlighted in this article for each electric field driven pumping mechanism. The detailed understanding of these phenomena and relevant key parameters are critical for better utilization, modulation, and selection of appropriate phenomenon for efficient pumping in a specific microfluidic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Hossan
- Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Diganta Dutta
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA
| | - Prashanta Dutta
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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13
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Ren Y, Liu X, Liu W, Tao Y, Jia Y, Hou L, Li W, Jiang H. Flexible particle flow-focusing in microchannel driven by droplet-directed induced-charge electroosmosis. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:597-607. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Xianyu Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering; Chang'an University; Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Yankai Jia
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Likai Hou
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Wenying Li
- Center for Applied Solid State Chemistry Research; Ningbo University; Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
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Wu Y, Ren Y, Tao Y, Hou L, Hu Q, Jiang H. A novel micromixer based on the alternating current-flow field effect transistor. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 17:186-197. [PMID: 27934980 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01346e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO) phenomena have been attracting considerable attention as a means for pumping and mixing in microfluidic systems with the advantage of simple structures and low-energy consumption. We propose the first effort to exploit a fixed-potential ICEO flow around a floating electrode for microfluidic mixing. In analogy with the field effect transistor (FET) in microelectronics, the floating electrode act as a "gate" electrode for generating asymmetric ICEO flow and thus the device is called an AC-flow FET (AC-FFET). We take advantage of a tandem electrode configuration containing two biased center metal strips arranged in sequence at the bottom of the channel to generate asymmetric vortexes. The current device is manufactured on low-cost glass substrates via an easy and reliable process. Mixing experiments were conducted in the proposed device and the comparison between simulation and experimental results was also carried out, which indicates that the micromixer permits an efficient mixing effect. The mixing performance can be further enhanced by the application of a suitable phase difference between the driving electrode and the gate electrode or a square wave signal. Finally, we performed a critical analysis of the proposed micromixer in comparison with different mixer designs using a comparative mixing index (CMI). The novel methods put forward here offer a simple solution to mixing issues in microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China. and State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
| | - Likai Hou
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
| | - Qingming Hu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China.
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China. and State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001 PR China
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15
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Wu Y, Ren Y, Tao Y, Hou L, Jiang H. Large-Scale Single Particle and Cell Trapping based on Rotating Electric Field Induced-Charge Electroosmosis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11791-11798. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- School
of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang PR China, 150001
| | - Yukun Ren
- School
of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang PR China, 150001
- State
Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang PR China, 150001
| | - Ye Tao
- School
of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang PR China, 150001
| | - Likai Hou
- School
of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang PR China, 150001
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School
of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang PR China, 150001
- State
Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang PR China, 150001
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16
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Lang Q, Ren Y, Hobson D, Tao Y, Hou L, Jia Y, Hu Q, Liu J, Zhao X, Jiang H. In-plane microvortices micromixer-based AC electrothermal for testing drug induced death of tumor cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:064102. [PMID: 27917250 PMCID: PMC5106430 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we first describe a perfusion chip integrated with an AC electrothermal (ACET) micromixer to supply a uniform drug concentration to tumor cells. The in-plane fluid microvortices for mixing were generated by six pairs of reconstructed novel ACET asymmetric electrodes. To enhance the mixing efficiency, the novel ACET electrodes with rotating angles of 0°, 30°, and 60° were investigated. The asymmetric electrodes with a rotating angle of 60° exhibited the highest mixing efficiency by both simulated and experimental results. The length of the mixing area is 7 mm, and the mixing efficiency is 89.12% (approximate complete mixing) at a voltage of 3 V and a frequency of 500 kHz. The applicability of our micromixer with electrodes rotating at 60° was demonstrated by the drug (tamoxifen) test of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) for five days, which implies that our ACET in-plane microvortices micromixer has great potential for the application of drug induced rapid death of tumor cells and mixing of biomaterials in organs-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Divia Hobson
- Interdisciplinary division of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong King Polytechnique University , Hunghom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Likai Hou
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yankai Jia
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qingming Hu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Interdisciplinary division of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong King Polytechnique University , Hunghom, Hong Kong, China
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