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Rybka M, Mazurek Ł, Konop M. Beneficial Effect of Wound Dressings Containing Silver and Silver Nanoparticles in Wound Healing-From Experimental Studies to Clinical Practice. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010069. [PMID: 36676019 PMCID: PMC9864212 DOI: 10.3390/life13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing affects hundreds of million people around the world; therefore, chronic wounds are a major problem not only for the patient, but also for already overloaded healthcare systems. Chronic wounds are always very susceptible to infections. Billions of dollars are spent to discover new antibiotics as quickly as possible; however, bacterial resistance against antibiotics is rising even faster. For this reason, a complete shift of the antibacterial treatment paradigm is necessary. The development of technology has allowed us to rediscover well-known agents presenting antimicrobial properties with a better outcome. In this context, silver nanoparticles are a promising candidate for use in such therapy. Silver has many useful properties that can be used in the treatment of chronic wounds, such as anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative properties. In the form of nanoparticles, silver agents can work even more effectively and can be more easily incorporated into various dressings. Silver-based dressings are already commercially available; however, innovative combinations are still being discovered and very promising results have been described. In this review article, the authors focused on describing experimental and clinical studies exploring dressings containing either silver or silver nanoparticles, the results of which have been published in recent years.
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Martins CSM, Araújo AN, de Gouveia LP, Prior JAV. Minimizing the Silver Free Ion Content in Starch Coated Silver Nanoparticle Suspensions with Exchange Cationic Resins. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040644. [PMID: 35214974 PMCID: PMC8877803 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the optimization of a methodology for the reduction of silver ions from silver nanoparticle suspensions obtained from low-yield laboratory procedures. The laboratory synthesis of silver nanoparticles following a bottom-up approach starting from silver nitrate, originates silver ions that were not reduced to their fundamental state for nanoparticles creation at the end of the process. However, it is well known that silver ions can easily influence chemical assays due to their chemical reactivity properties and can limit biological assays since they interfere with several biological processes, namely intracellular ones, leading to the death of living cells or organisms. As such, the presence of silver ions is highly undesirable when conducting biological assays to evaluate the influence of silver nanoparticles. We report the development of an easy, low-cost, and rapid methodology that is based on cation exchange resins to minimize the silver ion content in a raw suspension of silver nanoparticles while preserving the integrity of the nanomaterials. This procedure preserves the physical-chemical properties of the nanoparticles, thus allowing the purified nanoparticulate systems to be biologically tested. Different types of cationic resins were tested, and the developed methodology was optimized by changing several parameters. A reduction from 92% to 10% of free silver/total silver ratio was achieved when using the Bio-Rad 50W-X8 100–200 mesh resin and a contact time of 15 min. Filtration by vacuum was used to separate the used resin from the nanoparticles suspension, allowing it to be further reused, as well as the purified AgNPs suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina S. M. Martins
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto N. Araújo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Pleno de Gouveia
- Pharmacological and Regulatory Sciences Group (PharmaRegSci), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.P.d.G.); (J.A.V.P.)
| | - João A. V. Prior
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.P.d.G.); (J.A.V.P.)
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Martins CSM, Sousa HBA, Prior JAV. From Impure to Purified Silver Nanoparticles: Advances and Timeline in Separation Methods. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123407. [PMID: 34947761 PMCID: PMC8703312 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AgNPs have exceptional characteristics that depend on their size and shape. Over the past years, there has been an exponential increase in applications of nanoparticles (NPs), especially the silver ones (AgNPs), in several areas, such as, for example, electronics; environmental, pharmaceutical, and toxicological applications; theragnostics; and medical treatments, among others. This growing use has led to a greater exposure of humans to AgNPs and a higher risk to human health and the environment. This risk becomes more aggravated when the AgNPs are used without purification or separation from the synthesis medium, in which the hazardous synthesis precursors remain unseparated from the NPs and constitute a severe risk for unnecessary environmental contamination. This review examines the situation of the available separation methods of AgNPs from crude suspensions or real samples. Different separation techniques are reviewed, and relevant data are discussed, with a focus on the sustainability and efficiency of AgNPs separation methods.
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Adelantado C, Zougagh M, Ríos Á. Contributions of Capillary Electrophoresis in Analytical Nanometrology: A Critical View. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1094-1111. [PMID: 33427485 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1859983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An overview on the increasing role of capillary electrophoresis in characterization and direct analysis of nanomaterials is herein presented. The niche of electrophoretic approaches in nanometrology is so relevant that nonmetallic, metal, metal oxide nanoparticles, and quantum dots have been analyzed to be targeted via capillary electrophoresis with conventional detection systems or coupling arrangements aimed at increasing selectivity and sensitivity toward either pristine or conjugated nanoparticles. Moreover, parameters altering intrinsic properties of nanoparticles may be optimized to gather the desired results and identify nanomaterials according to their size, shape, or associations with binding agents. The usefulness and quickness of capillary electrophoresis for quantifying or screening ultrasmall-sized particles enables this technique to set an example for analysis of standards or previously synthesized nanostructures in research or routine laboratories. Abundant evidence of the suitability of electrophoretic approaches for characterization and direct determination of nanomaterials in actual samples has been provided in this review, together with a discussion about hyphenation with state-of-the art detectors and comparison between capillary electrophoresis with other separation approaches. This permits scientific community to be optimistic in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Adelantado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mohammed Zougagh
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Wang Y, Armato U, Wu J. Targeting Tunable Physical Properties of Materials for Chronic Wound Care. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:584. [PMID: 32596229 PMCID: PMC7300298 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds caused by infections, diabetes, and radiation exposures are becoming a worldwide growing medical burden. Recent progress highlighted the physical signals determining stem cell fates and bacterial resistance, which holds potential to achieve a better wound regeneration in situ. Nanoparticles (NPs) would benefit chronic wound healing. However, the cytotoxicity of the silver NPs (AgNPs) has aroused many concerns. This review targets the tunable physical properties (i.e., mechanical-, structural-, and size-related properties) of either dermal matrixes or wound dressings for chronic wound care. Firstly, we discuss the recent discoveries about the mechanical- and structural-related regulation of stem cells. Specially, we point out the currently undocumented influence of tunable mechanical and structural properties on either the fate of each cell type or the whole wound healing process. Secondly, we highlight novel dermal matrixes based on either natural tropoelastin or synthetic elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) for providing elastic recoil and resilience to the wounded dermis. Thirdly, we discuss the application of wound dressings in terms of size-related properties (i.e., metal NPs, lipid NPs, polymeric NPs). Moreover, we highlight the cytotoxicity of AgNPs and propose the size-, dose-, and time-dependent solutions for reducing their cytotoxicity in wound care. This review will hopefully inspire the advanced design strategies of either dermal matrixes or wound dressings and their potential therapeutic benefits for chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Air Force Hospital of PLA Central Theater Command, Datong, China
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona Medical School Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Konop M, Czuwara J, Kłodzińska E, Laskowska AK, Sulejczak D, Damps T, Zielenkiewicz U, Brzozowska I, Sureda A, Kowalkowski T, Schwartz RA, Rudnicka L. Evaluation of keratin biomaterial containing silver nanoparticles as a potential wound dressing in full-thickness skin wound model in diabetic mice. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:334-346. [PMID: 31825159 DOI: 10.1002/term.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Keratin is a cytoskeletal scaffolding protein essential for wound healing and tissue recovery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of insoluble fur keratin-derived powder containing silver nanoparticles (FKDP-AgNP) in the allogenic full-thickness surgical skin wound model in diabetic mice. The scanning electron microscopy image evidenced that the keratin surface is covered by a single layer of silver nanoparticles. Data obtained from dynamic light scattering and micellar electrokinetic chromatography showed three fractions of silver nanoparticles with an average diameter of 130, 22.5, and 5 nm. Microbiologic results revealed that the designed insoluble FKDP-AgNP dressing to some extent inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro assays showed that the FKDP-AgNP dressing did not inhibit fibroblast growth or induce hemolysis. In vivo studies using a diabetic mice model confirmed biocompatible properties of the insoluble keratin dressings. FKDP-AgNP significantly accelerated wound closure and epithelization at Days 5 and 8 (p < .05) when compared with controls. Histological examination of the inflammatory response documented that FKDP-AgNP-treated wounds contained predominantly macrophages, whereas their untreated variants showed mixed cell infiltrates rich in neutrophils. Wound inflammatory response based on macrophages favors tissue remodeling and healing. In conclusion, the investigated FKDP-AgNP dressing consisting of an insoluble fraction of keratin, which is biocompatible, significantly accelerated wound healing in a diabetic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Konop
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kłodzińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna K Laskowska
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Sulejczak
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tatsiana Damps
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Zielenkiewicz
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Brzozowska
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and CIBEROBN-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Tomasz Kowalkowski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Robert A Schwartz
- Department of Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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