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Aktaş H, Napiórkowska A, Szpicer A, Custodio-Mendoza JA, Paraskevopoulou A, Pavlidou E, Kurek MA. Microencapsulation of green tea polyphenols: Utilizing oat oil and starch-based double emulsions for improved delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133295. [PMID: 38914398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The stability and bioavailability of green tea polyphenols, crucial for their health benefits, are compromised by environmental sensitivity, limiting their use in functional foods and supplements. This study introduces a novel water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion technique with microwave-assisted extraction, significantly enhancing the stability and bioavailability of these compounds. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of several encapsulating agents, such as gum Arabic as control and native and modified starches, in improving encapsulated substances' stability and release control. Native and modified starches were chosen for their outstanding film-forming properties, improving encapsulation efficiency and protecting bioactive compounds from oxidative degradation. The combination of maltodextrin and tapioca starch improved phenolic content retention, giving 46.25 ± 2.63 mg/g in tapioca starch microcapsules (GTTA) and 41.73 ± 3.24 mg/g in gum arabic microcapsules (GTGA). Besides the control, modified starches also had the most potent antioxidant activity, with a 45 % inhibition (inh%) in the DPPH analysis. Oat oil was utilized for its superior viscosity and nutritional profile, boosting emulsion stability and providing the integrity of the encapsulated polyphenols, as indicated by the microcapsules' narrow span index (1.30 ± 0.002). The microcapsules' thermal behavior and structural integrity were confirmed using advanced methods such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). This study highlights the critical role of choosing appropriate wall materials and extraction techniques. It sets a new standard for microencapsulation applications in the food industry, paving the way for future innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Aktaş
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Napiórkowska
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Szpicer
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jorge A Custodio-Mendoza
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adamantini Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Solid State Physics Section, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marcin A Kurek
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
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Krata AA, Domagała J, Głowacki R. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography based method for simultaneous determination of purines and their derivatives in food spices. Food Chem 2024; 441:138285. [PMID: 38176140 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This work presents method for separation and quantification of adenine, guanine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, and creatinine in food spices using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with UV detection. Optimized conditions allowed separation with mobile phases containing acetonitrile and additives ammonium acetate (90:10, v/v, pH 6.1) or formate (90:10, v/v, pH 3.2). In food spices no uric acid was detected, creatinine (16 ± 2 μg g-1) was found only in instant dried yeast. The highest content of purines was determined in dried yeast (xanthine 110 ± 8 μg g-1, hypoxanthine 441 ± 24 μg g-1, adenine 84 ± 16 μg g-1, guanine 163 ± 12 μg g-1), high in curry, herbal pepper, and chicken seasoning, the lowest concentration was in black pepper (hypoxanthine 12 ± 2 μg g-1, adenine 27 ± 3 μg g-1). To best of our knowledge, no such complementary method and obtained data have been reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Anna Krata
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Pomorska 163 St., Lodz, Poland.
| | - Julia Domagała
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Pomorska 163 St., Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafał Głowacki
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Pomorska 163 St., Lodz, Poland.
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Wen X, Han S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Tan L, Chen C, Han B, Wang M. The Flavor Characteristics, Antioxidant Capability, and Storage Year Discrimination Based on Backpropagation Neural Network of Organic Green Tea ( Camellia sinensis) during Long-Term Storage. Foods 2024; 13:753. [PMID: 38472869 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The storage period of tea is a major factor affecting tea quality. However, the effect of storage years on the non-volatile major functional components and quality of green tea remains largely unknown. In this study, a comparative analysis of organic green teas with varying storage years (1-16 years) was conducted by quantifying 47 functional components, using electronic tongue and chromatic aberration technology, alongside an evaluation of antioxidative capacity. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between the storage years and levels of tea polyphenols, total amino acids, soluble sugars, two phenolic acids, four flavonols, three tea pigments, umami amino acids, and sweet amino acids. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that 10 functional components were identified as effective in distinguishing organic green teas with different storage years. Electronic tongue technology categorized organic green teas with different storage years into three classes. The backpropagation neural network (BPNN) analysis demonstrated that the classification predictive ability of the model based on the electronic tongue was superior to the one based on color difference values and 10 functional components. The combined analysis of antioxidative activity and functional components suggested that organic green teas with shorter storage periods exhibited stronger abilities to suppress superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals and reduce iron ions due to the higher content of eight components. Long-term-stored organic green teas, with a higher content of substances like L-serine and theabrownins, demonstrated stronger antioxidative capabilities in clearing both lipid-soluble and water-soluble free radicals. Therefore, this study provided a theoretical basis for the quality assessment of green tea and prediction of green tea storage periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shanjie Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Hangzhou Tea & Chrysanthemum Technology, Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lining Tan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Baoyu Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mengxin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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4
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Wang T, Li RY, Liu KY, Chen QY, Bo NG, Wang Q, Xiao YQ, Sha G, Chen SQ, Lei X, Lu Y, Ma Y, Zhao M. Changes in sensory characteristics, chemical composition and microbial succession during fermentation of ancient plants Pu-erh tea. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101003. [PMID: 38144832 PMCID: PMC10739768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
"Ancient tea plants" are defined as tea trees > 100 years old, or with a trunk diameter > 25 cm; their leaves are manufactured to high - quality, valuable ancient plants pu-erh tea (APPT). In this study, a fermentation of APPT were developed, and outstanding sweetness of APPT infusion was observed. During fermentation, the content of soluble sugars, theabrownins (p < 0.05), as well as 41 metabolites were increased [Variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.0; p < 0.05 and Fold-change (FC) FC > 2]; While relative levels of 72 metabolites were decreased (VIP > 1.0, p < 0.05 and FC < 0.5. Staphylococcus, Achromobacter, Sphingomonas, Thermomyces, Rasamsonia, Blastobotrys, Aspergillus and Cladosporium were identified as dominant genera, and their relative levels were correlated with contents of characteristic components (p < 0.05). Together, changes in sensory characteristics, chemical composition and microbial succession during APPT fermentation were investigated, and advanced the formation mechanism of its unique quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ruo-yu Li
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Kun-yi Liu
- College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering & College of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin 644003, China
| | - Qiu-yue Chen
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Nian-guo Bo
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yan-qin Xiao
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Gen Sha
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Si-qin Chen
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xin Lei
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Menghai Dazhuo Tea Co., Ltd., Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666100, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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5
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Li L, Cheng J, Lu F, Du Y, Xie Y, Zhou C, Zhang J, Feng Y. Optimized HPLC extraction method of quercetin and berberine based on response surface analysis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29427-29437. [PMID: 37818260 PMCID: PMC10561371 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to establish a method for simultaneous determination and extraction of quercetin and berberine in soil, HPLC-PDA multi-wavelength method was used to detect the content of berberine and quercetin in soil solution. The detection wavelength was 210 nm and 347 nm. The column temperature was 30 °C, the mobile phase A was acetonitrile, the mobile phase B was 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL min-1. Under the condition of isocratic elution, quercetin and berberine were completely separated within 20 min. The detection limit concentration of quercetin was 0.078 mg L-1, and the detection limit of berberine was 0.019 mg L-1. Both of them reached the trace level, and the recovery rate was between 97.2% and 107.4%. The response surface method was used to optimize the ultrasonic extraction method. The three main factors of extraction concentration, extraction temperature and solid-liquid ratio were optimized to obtain the highest extraction efficiency. The optimum extraction efficiency was as follows: 1 g soil sample was extracted with 80% ethanol aqueous solution, ultrasonic time was 10 min, ultrasonic temperature was 44 °C, and solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 17 g mL-1. The extracted quercetin and berberine concentrations were close to the predicted values of response surface optimization. The method of extracting and determining berberine and quercetin from soil established in this experiment is simple, fast, low cost and high safety. The feedback of the results also further verifies the feasibility in practical production and application, and provides reference value for further research and analysis of different allelochemicals in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- LanQing Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - YaDong Du
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - YingHao Feng
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
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6
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Xiao M, Chen Y, Zheng F, An Q, Xiao M, Wang H, Li L, Dai Q. Predicting the storage time of green tea by myricetin based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:28. [PMID: 37291144 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of green tea changes rapidly due to the oxidation and degradation of polyphenols during storage. Herein, a simple and fast Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) strategy was established to predict changes in green tea during storage. Raman spectra of green tea with different storage times (2020-2015) were acquired by SERS with silver nanoparticles. The PCA-SVM model was established based on SERS to quickly predict the storage time of green tea, and the accuracy of the prediction set was 97.22%. The Raman peak at 730 cm-1 caused by myricetin was identified as a characteristic peak, which increased with prolonged storage time and exhibited a linear positive correlation with myricetin concentration. Therefore, SERS provides a convenient method for identifying the concentration of myricetin in green tea, and myricetin can function as an indicator to predict the storage time of green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Fangling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Qi An
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Mingji Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Huiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Luqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Qianying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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7
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Ma C, Zhou B, Wang J, Ma B, Lv X, Chen X, Li X. Investigation and dynamic changes of phenolic compounds during a new-type fermentation for ripened Pu-erh tea processing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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8
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Effects of Chronic Administration of Green Tea Ethanol Extract on Sleep Architecture in Mice: A Comparative Study with a Representative Stimulant Caffeine. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041042. [PMID: 36839400 PMCID: PMC9967785 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wakefulness is defined as a state in which individuals can react to a change in situations. The number of people staying awake and compensating for lack of sleep has increased in recent years. Caffeine, a representative stimulant, is the most extensively consumed compound globally and is mainly consumed through coffee. Although green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) contains high caffeine content like coffee, its arousal-inducing effects have not yet been studied. In the present study, we aimed to identify the arousal-inducing effect of GT during a chronic administration period (three weeks) using analysis of sleep architecture. Treatment with GT (1500 mg/kg) significantly elevated the sleep latency and wakefulness throughout the treatment period, and chronic administration of GT consistently maintained an increase in wakefulness for up to 3 h. During the treatment period, the arousal-inducing effect of GT (1500 mg/kg) occurred without any change in the tolerance phenomenon or withdrawal symptoms, similar to that observed with caffeine (25 mg/kg). GT (1500 mg/kg) containing 95.6 mg/kg of caffeine did not produce a better arousal-inducing effect than caffeine at 25 mg/kg. These results indicate that the arousal-inducing effect of GT persisted for three weeks without adverse effects and that GT can control the arousal-inducing effects of caffeine due to the hypnotic effects of its other constituents.
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9
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An In Vitro Catalysis of Tea Polyphenols by Polyphenol Oxidase. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041722. [PMID: 36838710 PMCID: PMC9959171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenol (TPs) oxidation caused by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in manufacturing is responsible for the sensory characteristics and health function of fermented tea, therefore, this subject is rich in scientific and commercial interests. In this work, an in vitro catalysis of TPs in liquid nitrogen grinding of sun-dried green tea leaves by PPO was developed, and the changes in metabolites were analyzed by metabolomics. A total of 441 metabolites were identified in the catalyzed tea powder and control check samples, which were classified into 11 classes, including flavonoids (125 metabolites), phenolic acids (67 metabolites), and lipids (55 metabolites). The relative levels of 28 metabolites after catalysis were decreased significantly (variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.0, p < 0.05, and fold change (FC) < 0.5)), while the relative levels of 45 metabolites, including theaflavin, theaflavin-3'-gallate, theaflavin-3-gallate, and theaflavin 3,3'-digallate were increased significantly (VIP > 1.0, p < 0.05, and FC > 2). The increase in theaflavins was associated with the polymerization of catechins catalyzed by PPO. This work provided an in vitro method for the study of the catalysis of enzymes in tea leaves.
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10
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Fabrication of Fe3C/Fe-N-C nanozymes-based cascade colorimetric sensor for detection and discrimination of tea polyphenols. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2023.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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11
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Hou Y, Mao H, Lu F, Ma C, Zhu S, Li G, Huang S, Zhang Y, Lv C, Xiao R. Widely targeted metabolomics and HPLC analysis elaborated the quality formation of Yunnan pickled tea during the whole process at an industrial scale. Food Chem 2023; 422:135716. [PMID: 37156017 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Yunnan pickled tea is produced from fresh tea-leaves through fixation, rolling, anaerobic fermentation and sun-drying. In this study, widely targeted metabolomics using UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and HPLC analysis were carried out to elaborate its quality formation during the whole process. Results confirmed the contribution of preliminary treatments and anaerobic fermentation to the quality formation. A total of 568 differential metabolites (VIP > 1.0, P < 0.05, FC > 1.50 or < 0.67) were screened through OPLS-DA. (-)-Epigallocatechin and (-)-epicatechin significantly (P < 0.05) increased from the hydrolyzation of ester catechins, such as (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin gallate in anaerobic fermentation. Additionally, the anaerobic fermentation promoted vast accumulations of seven essential amino acids, four phenolic acids, three flavones and flavone glycosides, pelargonidin and pelargonidin glycosides, flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides (i.e. kaempferol, quercetin, taxifolin, apigenin, myricetin, luteolin and their glycosides) through relevant N-methylation, O-methylation, hydrolyzation, glycosylation and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hou
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Honglin Mao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengmei Lu
- Yunnan Defeng Tea Co., Ltd, Mangshi 678400, Yunnan, China
| | - Cunqiang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoxian Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Guoyou Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Yunnan Defeng Tea Co., Ltd, Mangshi 678400, Yunnan, China
| | - Caiyou Lv
- College of Tea, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
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12
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Su F, Yang H, Ma T, Chen M, Liu S, Ma L. The Determination Method of Total Polyphenol in Tea and Substitute Tea Based on [Ag(HIO6)2]5--Luminol Chemiluminescence System. J AOAC Int 2022; 106:205-211. [PMID: 35904530 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific, accurate, and rapid detection of the composition and content of tea polyphenols is an important basis for their rational use and giving full play to their physiological effect. The spectrophotometric assays for total polyphenols have poor selectivity. Therefore, there is a need to develop a simple and reliable method for the determination of the total polyphenolic level in tea products. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to develop a flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method based on the Ag(III)-luminol system for the total polyphenol content analysis of tea and substitute tea. METHOD Through Box-Behnken experimental design, we selected the optimum determination condition. The Ag(III) concentration was 5 × 10-5 mol/L, and the luminol concentration was 3 × 10-7 mol/L (including 0.15 mol/L NaOH). The peristaltic pump is 25 r/min, and the photomultiplier voltage is 600 v. Sample extracts were diluted 100 000 times for the FI-CL assay. RESULTS Under optimal conditions, CL intensities were proportional to total polyphenol content (in terms of gallic acid concentrations) in the range of 0.1∼100 μg/L. The LOD and LOQ were 0.03 μg/L and 0.1 μg/L. The recovery values were in the range of 86.3-111.0% with a RSD of 1.04∼2.62%. The polyphenolic content of 12 teas and 6 substitute teas was determined, and the results of the developed method and Folin-Ciocalteu method were highly correlated (r = 0.9493 for tea and r = 0.8533 for substitute tea). CONCLUSIONS The proposed method is better than the Folin-Ciocalteu method in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy. It is suitable for the determination of polyphenol content not only in tea, but also in substitute tea. HIGHLIGHTS We developed a new flow-injection analysis method for polyphenolic content determination based on the Ag(III)-luminol chemiluminescence system. It is simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate. It is suitable for the determination of polyphenols content not only in tea, but also in substitute tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Su
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Meifang Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shipeng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Li Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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13
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Liang Z, Liu K, Li R, Ma B, Zheng W, Yang S, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Chen J, Zhao M. An instant beverage rich in nutrients and secondary metabolites manufactured from stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1058639. [PMID: 36570153 PMCID: PMC9767984 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1058639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radix Notoginseng, one of the most famous Chinese traditional medicines, is the dried root of Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae). Stems and leaves of P. notoginseng (SLPN) are rich in secondary metabolites and nutrients, and authorized as a food resource, however, its utilization needs further research. Methods A SLPN-instant beverage was manufactured from SLPN through optimization by response surface design with 21-fold of 48.50% ethanol for 39 h, and this extraction was repeated twice; the extraction solution was concentrated to 1/3 volume using a vacuum rotatory evaporator at 45°C, and then spray dried at 110°C. Nutritional components including 14 amino acids, ten mineral elements, 15 vitamins were detected in the SLPN-instant beverage; forty-three triterpenoid saponins, e.g., ginsenoside La, ginsenoside Rb3, notoginsenoside R1, and two flavonoid glycosides, as well as dencichine were identified by UPLC-MS. Results The extraction rate of SLPN-instant beverage was 37.89 ± 0.02%. The majority nutrients were Gly (2.10 ± 0.63 mg/g), His (1.23 ± 0.07 mg/g), α-VE (18.89 ± 1.87 μg/g), β-VE (17.53 ± 1.98 μg/g), potassium (49.26 ± 2.70 mg/g), calcium (6.73 ± 0.27 mg/g). The total saponin of the SLPN-instant beverage was 403.05 ± 34.98 mg/g, majority was notoginsenoside Fd and with contents of 227 ± 2.02 mg/g. In addition, catechin and γ-aminobutyric acid were detected with levels of 24.57 ± 0.21 mg/g and 7.50 ± 1.85 mg/g, respectively. The SLPN-instant beverage showed good antioxidant activities with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for scavenging hydroxyl (OH-) radicals, superoxide anion (O2-) radicals, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS+) radicals were 0.1954, 0.2314, 0.4083, and 0.3874 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion We optimized an analytical method for in depth analysis of the newly authorized food resource SLPN. Together, an instant beverage with antioxidant activity, rich in nutrients and secondary metabolites, was manufactured from SLPN, which may improve the utilization of SLPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kunyi Liu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China,College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China,College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shengchao Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinhe Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junwen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Junwen Chen,
| | - Ming Zhao
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern, Kunming, Yunnan, China,College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Ming Zhao,
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14
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Jia WB, Zhao YQ, Liao SY, Li PW, Zou Y, Chen SX, Chen W, He CL, Du X, Zhu MZ, Xu W. Dynamic changes in the diversity and function of bacterial community during black tea processing. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Xu J, Wei Y, Li F, Weng X, Wei X. Regulation of fungal community and the quality formation and safety control of Pu-erh tea. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4546-4572. [PMID: 36201379 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pu-erh tea belongs to dark tea among six major teas in China. As an important kind of post-fermented tea with complex microbial composition, Pu-erh tea is highly praised by many consumers owing to its unique and rich flavor and taste. In recent years, Pu-erh tea has exhibited various physiological activities to prevent and treat metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the fungi in Pu-erh tea and introduces the sources, types, and functions of fungi in Pu-erh tea, as well as the influence on the quality of Pu-erh tea and potential safety risks. During the process of fermentation and aging of Pu-erh tea, fungi contribute to complex chemical changes in bioactive components of tea. Therefore, we examine the important role that fungi play in the quality formation of Pu-erh tea. The associations among the microbial composition, chemicals excreted, and potential food hazards are discussed during the pile-fermentation of Pu-erh tea. The quality of Pu-erh tea has exhibited profound changes during the process of pile-fermentation, including color, aroma, taste, and the bottom of the leaves, which are inseparable from the fungus in the pile-fermentation of Pu-erh tea. Specifically, the application prospects of various detection methods of mycotoxins in assessing the safety of Pu-erh tea are proposed. This review aims to fully understand the importance of fungi in the production of Pu-erh tea and further provides new insights into subtly regulating the piling process to improve the nutritional properties and guarantee the safety of Pu-erh tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minghang, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Baoshan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minghang, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglan Li
- Institute of Food Engineering, College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Xuhui, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchu Weng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Baoshan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minghang, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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16
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Geographical origin identification of Chinese white teas, and their differences in tastes, chemical compositions and antioxidant activities among three production regions. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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17
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Li R, Liu K, Liang Z, Luo H, Wang T, An J, Wang Q, Li X, Guan Y, Xiao Y, Lv C, Zhao M. Unpruning improvement the quality of tea through increasing the levels of amino acids and reducing contents of flavonoids and caffeine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1017693. [PMID: 36245481 PMCID: PMC9558131 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1017693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea tree [Camellia sinensis var. sinensis or assamica (L.) O. Kuntze], an important crop worldwide, is usually pruned to heights of 70 to 80 cm, forming pruned tea tree (PTT) plantations. Currently, PTTs are transformed into unpruned tea tree (UPTT) plantations in Yunnan, China. This has improved the quality of tea products, but the underlying reasons have not been evaluated scientifically. Here, 12 samples of sun-dried green teas were manufactured using fresh leaves from an UPTT and the corresponding PTT. Using sensory evaluation, it was found that the change reduced the bitterness and astringency, while increasing sweetness and umami. Using high performance liquid chromatography detection showed that the contents of free amino acids (theanine, histidine, isoleucine and phenylalanine) and catechin gallate increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the content of alanine decreased significantly (P < 0.05). A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis showed that the transformation to UPTT significantly decreased the relative levels of the majority of flavonols and tannins (P < 0.05), as well as γ-aminobutyric acid, caffeine and catechin (epigallocatechin, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate), while it significantly increased the relative contents of catechins (gallocatechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate and catechin gallate), phenolic acids and some amino acids (serine, oxidized glutathione, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamine, lysine, tryptophan, tyramine, pipecolic acid, and theanine) (P < 0.05). In summary, after transforming to UPTT, levels of amino acids, such as theanine increased significantly (P < 0.05), which enhanced the umami and sweetness of tea infusions, while the flavonoids (such as kaempferol, myricetin and glycosylated quercetin), and caffeine contents decreased significantly (P < 0.05), resulting in a reduction in the bitterness and astringency of tea infusions and an increase in tea quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kunyi Liu
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, China
| | - Zhengwei Liang
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Luo
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangshan An
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuedan Li
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanhui Guan
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanqin Xiao
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Caiyou Lv
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Caiyou Lv,
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Tea Science and College of Food Science and Technology and College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Ming Zhao,
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18
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Ma Y, Jiang B, Liu K, Li R, Chen L, Liu Z, Xiang G, An J, Luo H, Wu J, Lv C, Pan Y, Ling T, Zhao M. Multi-omics analysis of the metabolism of phenolic compounds in tea leaves by Aspergillus luchuensis during fermentation of pu-erh tea. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Impact of harvest season on bioactive compounds, amino acids and in vitro antioxidant capacity of white tea through multivariate statistical analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Zhou B, Ma B, Xu C, Wang J, Wang Z, Huang Y, Ma C. Impact of enzymatic fermentation on taste, chemical compositions and in vitro antioxidant activities in Chinese teas using E-tongue, HPLC and amino acid analyzer. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Wang ZX, Hu L, Wang WJ, Kong FY, Wei MJ, Fang HL, Li QL, Wang W. One-pot green preparation of deep-ultraviolet and dual-emission carbon nanodots for dual-channel ratiometric determination of polyphenol in tea sample. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:241. [PMID: 35648245 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel deep-ultraviolet and dual-emission carbon nanodots (DUCDs)-based dual-channel ratiometric probe was prepared by a one-pot environmental-friendly hydrothermal process using guanidine as the only starting material for sensing polyphenol in tea sample (TPPs). Under the exposure to TPPs, the DUCDs not only provided a characteristic colorimetric response to TPPs, but also displayed TPPs-sensitive ratiometric fluorescence quenching. The detection mechanism was proved to be that enrichment-specific hydroxyl sites (e.g., -NH2 and -COOH) of DUCDs can specifically react with phenolic hydroxyl groups of TPPs to generate dynamic amide and carboxylate bonds by dehydration and/or condensation reaction. As a result, a new carbon nanomaterial with decrement of surface passivation groups, inherent light-absorbing, and invalid fluorescence emission was generated. The ratio (FL297nm/FL395nm) of fluorescence intensity at 297 nm and 395 nm of DUCDs excited at 275 nm decreased with increasing TPPs concentration. The linearity range was 5.0 ng/mL to 100 µg/mL with a detection limit (DL) of 3.5 ± 0.04 ng/mL for TPPs (n = 3, 3σ/k). Colorimetry of DUCDs, best measured as absorbance at 320 nm, was increased linearly in the TPP concentration range 200 ng/mL-200 µg/mL with a DL of 94.7 ± 0.04 ng/mL (n = 3, 3σ/k). The probe was successfully applied to the determination of TPPs in real tea samples, showing potential application prospects in food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Fen-Ying Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Mei-Jie Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Hai-Lin Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Qi-Le Li
- School of Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China.
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22
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Recent Advances in Analytical Methods for Determination of Polyphenols in Tea: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101425. [PMID: 35626995 PMCID: PMC9140883 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, the most abundant components in tea, determine the quality and health function of tea. The analysis of polyphenols in tea is a topic of increasing interest. However, the complexity of the tea matrix, the wide variety of teas, and the difference in determination purposes puts forward higher requirements for the detection of tea polyphenols. Many efforts have been made to provide a highly sensitive and selective analytical method for the determination and characterization of tea polyphenols. In order to provide new insight for the further development of polyphenols in tea, in the present review we summarize the recent literature for the detection of tea polyphenols from the perspectives of determining total polyphenols and individual polyphenols in tea. There are a variety of methods for the analysis of total tea polyphenols, which range from the traditional titration method, to the widely used spectrophotometry based on the color reaction of Folin–Ciocalteu, and then to the current electrochemical sensor for rapid on-site detection. Additionally, the application of improved liquid chromatography (LC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were emphasized for the simultaneous determination of multiple polyphenols and the identification of novel polyphenols. Finally, a brief outline of future development trends are discussed.
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Wang S, Qiu Y, Gan RY, Zhu F. Chemical constituents and biological properties of Pu-erh tea. Food Res Int 2022; 154:110899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Effect of main taste compounds on the release of methoxyphenolic compounds in Pu-erh tea. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Interrelation analysis between phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activities in Pu-erh tea. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Zhou B, Wang Z, Yin P, Ma B, Ma C, Xu C, Wang J, Wang Z, Yin D, Xia T. Impact of prolonged withering on phenolic compounds and antioxidant capability in white tea using LC-MS-based metabolomics and HPLC analysis: Comparison with green tea. Food Chem 2022; 368:130855. [PMID: 34496334 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Contents of 20 bioactive compounds in 12 teas produced in Xinyang Region were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry was developed for untargeted metabolomics analysis. Antioxidant activities were measured by 4 various assays. Those teas could be completely divided into green and white tea through principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and orthonormal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (R2Y = 0.996 and Q2 = 0.982, respectively). The prolonged withering generated 472 differentiated metabolites between white and green tea, prompted significant decreases (variable importance in the projection > 1.0, p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 1.50) of most catechins and 8 phenolic acids to form 4 theaflavins, and benefited for the accumulation of 17 flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, 8 flavanone and their derivatives, 20 free amino acids, 12 sugars and 1 purine alkaloid. Additionally, kaempferol and taxifolin contributed to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability of white tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxing Zhou
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zihao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, Tea College, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, Tea College, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Education of Ministry, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Bingsong Ma
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Cunqiang Ma
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiacai Wang
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Dingfang Yin
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
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Zhou B, Ma B, Ma C, Xu C, Wang J, Wang Z, Yin D, Xia T. Classification of Pu-erh ripened teas and their differences in chemical constituents and antioxidant capacity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cheng J, Zhou C, Xie Y, Wang M, Zhou C, Li X, Du Y, Lu F. A new method for simultaneous determination of 14 phenolic acids in agricultural soils by multiwavelength HPLC-PDA analysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14939-14944. [PMID: 35702192 PMCID: PMC9116113 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09433e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are phenolic acids with allelopathy in the rhizosphere soil of plants. At present, the identification and quantification of phenolic acids in different matrix mixtures is usually analysed by high performance liquid chromatography, but the detection of phenolic acids in soil has rarely been studied. As well as, previous studies have evaluated a limited number of target compounds. In this work, we proposed and verified a method for quantitative determination of 14 phenolic acids, including gallic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 2-methoxycinnamic acid, 3-methoxycinnamic acid, and cinnamic acid, which are widely present in rhizosphere soil of plants and have allelopathy. This method used multiwavelength HPLC-PDA analysis for simultaneous determination of these compounds. The detection wavelengths selected 254 nm, 280 nm, 300 nm, and 320 nm. Chromatographic separation of all compounds was achieved using a column of Shim-pack VP-ODS (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), kept at 30 °C. Mobile phase A was acetonitrile, B was a 0.5% acetic acid aqueous solution, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL min−1. Under the condition of gradient elution, the mobile phase A was acetonitrile, B was a 0.5% acetic acid aqueous solution, and the flow rate was kept constant at 1.0 mL min−1. The 14 target phenolic acids were completely separated within 45 min. All the calibration curves showed good linearity, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9994–0.9999. With the detection limit varying from 0.003 mg L−1 to 0.239 mg L−1. The recovery rates and the RSD of 14 phenolic acids were 80.54∼107.0% and 1.43–4.35%, respectively. This method has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high accuracy, and high recovery rate. This method is a novel technical means for the simultaneous analysis of compound phenolic acids in soil. A method for multiple phenolic acids in soil based on HPLC-PDA multi-wavelength analysis was established. The method is high sensitivity, high accuracy and stable sample, and can be used for quantitative analysis of phenolic acids in soil.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Chunfu Zhou
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - XiaoShuang Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - YaDong Du
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
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Liu K, Wang L, Jiang B, An J, Nian B, Wang D, Chen L, Ma Y, Wang X, Fan J, Luo H, Pan Y, Zhao M. Effect of inoculation with Penicillium chrysogenum on chemical components and fungal communities in fermentation of Pu-erh tea. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110748. [PMID: 34865766 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Developing an effective method to improve the quality of Pu-erh tea is of great scientific and commercial interest. In this work, Penicillium chrysogenum P1 isolated from Pu-erh tea was inoculated in sterilized or unsterilized sun-dreid green tea leaves to develop pure-culture fermentation (PF) and enhanced fermentation (EF) of Pu-erh tea. Spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography determined that contents of free amino acids (FAA), total tea polyphenols and eight polyphenolic compounds in PF were significantly lower than these in non-inoculation control test (CK) (P < 0.05), whereas the contents of soluble sugars and theabrownins (TB) in PF were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in CK. A total of 416 volatile compounds were detected by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comparison to CK, 124 compounds in PF were degraded or decreased significantly [Variable importance in projection [(VIP) > 1.0, P < 0.05, fold change (FC) < 0.5], whereas 110 compounds in PF were formed or increased significantly (VIP > 1.0, P < 0.05, FC > 2). Compared with normal fermentation (NF), the levels of gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and 64 volatile compounds in EF were significantly lower (VIP > 1.0, P < 0.05, FC < 0.5), whereas the levels of FAA and 39 volatile compounds were significantly higher (VIP > 1.0, P < 0.05, FC > 2). Amplicon sequencing of fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) revealed that P. chrysogenum P1 didn't become the dominant fungus in EF; while the fungal communities in EF were different from those in NF, in that the relative abundances of Blastobotrys bambusae and P. chrysogenum in EF were higher, and the relative abundances of Aspergillus niger and Kluyveromyces marxianus in EF were lower. Overall, inoculation of P. chrysogenum in unsterilized sun-dreid green tea leaves changed the the fungal communities in fermentation of Pu-erh tea, and chemical compounds in fermented tea leaves, i.e., the levels of TB and the compounds responsible for the stale flavor, e.g., 2-amino-4-methoxybenzothiazole were increased, resulting in improvement of the sensory quality, including mellower taste and stronger stale flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyi Liu
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering & College of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan 644003, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering & College of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan 644003, China
| | - Jiangshan An
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Bo Nian
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Daoping Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijiao Chen
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute of Pu-erh City, Puer, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Jiakun Fan
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Hui Luo
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yinghong Pan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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Zhao M, Fan J, Liu Q, Luo H, Tang Q, Li C, Zhao J, Zhang X. Phytochemical profiles of edible flowers of medicinal plants of Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium devonianum. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6575-6586. [PMID: 34925787 PMCID: PMC8645735 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new edible flowers that are nontoxic, innocuous flowers having human health benefits, surveys of their phytochemicals and utilization are of great scientific and commercial interest. Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium devonianum are precious Traditional Chinese Medicine. During the massive commercial cultivation, a lot of flowers were produced and certified as edible flowers, and the phytochemical profiles and bioactivities warrant evaluate. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemicals and antioxidative activities in flowers of D. officinale (DOF) and D. devonianum (DDF). In total, 474 metabolites were identified using a widely targeted metabonomics method, 16 amino acids and 6 flavonoids were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 8 fatty acids were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both flowers contained various amino acids, including 7 essential amino acids, diverse flavonoids, especially quercetin, kaempferol and their derivatives, and high levels of methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate. The relative levels of quercetin, kaempferol and their glycosides were higher in DDF than in DOF, whereas the relative levels of several flavonoids C-glycosides were high in DOF. Ethanol extracts of both DOF and DDF showed antioxidative capacities including the scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals. Both edible flowers contained flavonoids, amino acids, and fatty acids and have antioxidative activities, which should be explored for use in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest ChinaYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan ProvinceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- College of Tea ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jiakun Fan
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest ChinaYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan ProvinceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- College of Tea ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Qianting Liu
- College of Tea ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Hui Luo
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest ChinaYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan ProvinceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- College of Tea ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Qingyan Tang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Chongping Li
- College of Tea ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jurun Zhao
- Longling Institute of DendrobiumBaoshanChina
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical SilvicultureZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
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31
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Hou C, Xiao G, Amakye WK, Sun J, Xu Z, Ren J. Guidelines for purine extraction and determination in foods. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanli Hou
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ganhong Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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32
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Artificial Intelligence Assisted Ultrasonic Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Rosa sterilis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133835. [PMID: 34201870 PMCID: PMC8270336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids in Rosa sterilis were studied. The flavonoids in Rosa sterilis were extracted by ultrasonic method, and the extraction conditions were modeled and optimized by response the surface methodology and the artificial intelligence method. The results show that the ultrasonic method can effectively extract total flavonoids, and the extraction rate is close to the prediction value of ANN-GA algorithm, which proves the rationality of the model. The order of the effects of the parameters on the experiment was material liquid ratio > extraction power > extraction time > ethanol concentration. In addition, the scavenging effects of flavonoids on DPPH, O2−· and ·OH were also determined, and these indicated that flavonoids have strong antioxidant activities. The kinetics of the extraction process was studied by using the data of the extraction process, and it was found that the extraction process conformed to Fick’s first law.
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Wang Z, Zheng C, Ma C, Ma B, Wang J, Zhou B, Xia T. Comparative analysis of chemical constituents and antioxidant activity in tea-leaves microbial fermentation of seven tea-derived fungi from ripened Pu-erh tea. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang Z, Ma B, Ma C, Zheng C, Zhou B, Guo G, Xia T. Region identification of Xinyang Maojian tea using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistical analyses. J Food Sci 2021; 86:1681-1691. [PMID: 33798265 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Xinyang Maojian tea is a kind of famous roasted green tea produced in the middle of China. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), were carried out in XMMJTs collected from Luoshan, Shangcheng, and Shihe Counties, respectively. Additionally, seven catechins, four flavonoids, two purine alkaloids, and gallic acid contents were determined by HPLC. Differential metabolites were selected by p-value <0.05, and fold change >1.50 or < 0.66 among 745 detected metabolites in metabolomics analysis. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences of three catechins including (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, and (-)-gallocatechin gallate, four flavonoids (i.e. quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and rutin), and theobromine among three various regions, and significant (p < 0.05) differences of (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin, (+)-catechin, gallic acid, and kaempferol between Shuchazao and Group cultivar. The HCA showed that, except for two samples (i.e. LS 2 and SH 2) of Shuchazao cultivar clustered together, others could be clustered completely according to production place. The 63 relevant differential metabolites could achieve the purpose of region identification through PCA. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway analysis elaborated the impact of geographical origin and tea cultivar on physiological metabolism in tea tree. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based liquid chromatography-tendem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistical analyses, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), revealed 63 differential metabolites related to production place, which contributed to the region identification of Xinyang Maojian teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea-Plants Comprehensive Utilization in Southern Henan Province, Tea Science Department, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Bingsong Ma
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Cunqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea-Plants Comprehensive Utilization in Southern Henan Province, Tea Science Department, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chengqin Zheng
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Binxing Zhou
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Guiyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tea-Plants Comprehensive Utilization in Southern Henan Province, Tea Science Department, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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35
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Ma C, Li X, Zheng C, Zhou B, Xu C, Xia T. Comparison of characteristic components in tea-leaves fermented by Aspergillus pallidofulvus PT-3, Aspergillus sesamicola PT-4 and Penicillium manginii PT-5 using LC-MS metabolomics and HPLC analysis. Food Chem 2021; 350:129228. [PMID: 33618088 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota influenced quality formation of ripened Pu-erh tea. To understand the effect of each tea-derived fungal strain, tea-leaves were fermented by Aspergillus pallidofulvus PT-3 (ApaPT), Aspergillus sesamicola PT-4 (AsePT) and Penicillium manginii PT-5 (PmaPT), respectively. 14 Phenolic compounds, 3 purine alkaloids, 19 free amino acids and γ-aminobutyric acid contents were determined by HPLC and amino acid analyzer analysis. Additionally, UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS method was developed for LC-MS metabolomics analysis. Multivariate statistical analyses, such as PCA and HCA, exhibited that the chemical profile of PmaPT fermentation was similar to biocidal treatment, but had significant differences with ApaPT and AsePT fermentation. The differentiated metabolites (VIP > 1, p < 0.05 and FC > 1.50 or < 0.66) and one-way ANOVA revealed the impact of three fungal strains in tea-leaves fermentation. APaPT and AsePT contributed to biosynthesis of gallic acid and several flavonoids, such as kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin in the metabolism of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, Tea College, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengqin Zheng
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Binxing Zhou
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
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36
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Zhou B, Ma C, Wu T, Xu C, Wang J, Xia T. Classification of raw Pu-erh teas with different storage time based on characteristic compounds and effect of storage environment. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Liu M, Xie H, Ma Y, Li H, Li C, Chen L, Jiang B, Nian B, Guo T, Zhang Z, Jiao W, Liu Q, Ling T, Zhao M. High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Metabolomics Analysis of Tannase Metabolism of Gallic Acid and Gallates in Tea Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4946-4954. [PMID: 32275834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tannase (E.C. 3.1.1.20) is hypothesized to be involved in the metabolism of gallates and gallic acid (GA) in pu-erh tea fermentation. In this work, we measured tannase in Aspergillus niger fermented tea leaves and confirmed the production of fungal tannase during pu-erh tea fermentation. A decrease in catechin and theaflavin gallates and a significant increase in GA content and the relative peak areas of ethyl gallate, procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3, catechin-catechin-catechin, epiafzelechin, and epicatechin-epiafzelechin [variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1.0, p < 0.05, and fold change (FC) > 1.5] were observed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and metabolomics analysis of tea leaves fermented or hydrolyzed by tannase. In vitro assays showed that hydrolysis by tannase or polymerization of catechins increased the antioxidant activity of tea leaves. In summary, we identified a metabolic pathway for gallates and their derivatives in tea leaves hydrolyzed by tannase as well as associated changes in gallate and GA concentrations caused by fungal tannase during pu-erh tea fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Haofen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Hongye Li
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Chongping Li
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Lijiao Chen
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Bo Nian
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Tianjie Guo
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhang
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Wenwen Jiao
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Qianting Liu
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Tiejun Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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