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Yang C, Han J, Liu H, He Y, Zhang Z, Liu X, Waqas F, Zhang L, Duan H, He J, Dong L. Storage of plasma-derived exosomes: evaluation of anticoagulant use and preserving temperatures. Platelets 2024; 35:2337255. [PMID: 38630028 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2337255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes carry large cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, serving as versatile biomarkers for disease diagnosis and vehicles for drug delivery. However, up to date, no well recognized standard procedures for exosome storage were available for clinical application. This study aimed to determine the optimal storage conditions and the anticoagulants for plasma-derived exosome isolation. Fresh whole blood samples were collected from healthy participants and preserved in four different anticoagulants including sodium citrate (SC1/4), sodium citrate (SC1/9), lithium heparin (LH), or Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), respectively. Exosomes were extracted from the plasma by differential ultracentrifugation and stored at three different temperatures, 4°C, -20°C or - 80°C for a duration ranging from one week to six months. All plasma samples for storage conditions comparison were pretreated with LH anticoagulant. Exosome features including morphological characteristics, pariticles size diameter, and surface protein profiles (TSG101, CD63, CD81, CD9, CALNEXIN) were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, and Western Blotting, respectively. Exosomes preserved in LH and SC1/4 group tended to remain intact microstructure with highly abundant protein biomarkers. Exosomes stored at 4°C for short time were prone to be more stable compared to thos at -80°C. Exosomes stored in plasma were superior in terms of ultrastructure, size diameter and surface protein expression to those stored in PBS. In conclusion, plasma-dervied exosome characteristics strictly depend on the anticoagulants and storage temperature and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiting Yang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Han
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuyu He
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Farooq Waqas
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lizhong Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huiping Duan
- Tuberculosis Department, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taiyuan, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing He
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Dong
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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2
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Wu J, Wu J, Liu Z, Gong Y, Feng D, Xiang W, Fang S, Chen R, Wu Y, Huang S, Zhou Y, Liu N, Xu H, Zhou S, Liu B, Ni Z. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in joint diseases: Therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms. J Orthop Translat 2024; 48:53-69. [PMID: 39170747 PMCID: PMC11338158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Joint diseases greatly impact the daily lives and occupational functioning of patients globally. However, conventional treatments for joint diseases have several limitations, such as unsatisfatory efficacy and side effects, necessitating the exploration of more efficacious therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have demonstrated high therapeutic efficacyin tissue repair and regeneration, with low immunogenicity and tumorigenicity. Recent studies have reported that EVs-based therapy has considerable therapeutic effects against joint diseases, including osteoarthritis, tendon and ligament injuries, femoral head osteonecrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Herein, we review the therapeutic potential of various types of MSC-EVs in the aforementioned joint diseases, summarise the mechanisms underlying specific biological effects of MSC-EVs, and discuss future prospects for basic research on MSC-EV-based therapeutic modalities and their clinical translation. In general, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the therapeutic effects of MSC-EVs in joint diseases, as well as the underlying mechanisms, which may be beneficial to the clinical translation of MSC-EV-based treatment. The translational potential of this article: MSC-EV-based cell-free therapy can effectively promote regeneration and tissue repair. When used to treat joint diseases, MSC-EVs have demonstrated desirable therapeutic effects in preclinical research. This review may supplement further research on MSC-EV-based treatment of joint diseases and its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sport Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jiangyi Wu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sport Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yunquan Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400022, China
| | - Daibo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400022, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400022, China
| | - Shunzheng Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400022, China
| | - Ran Chen
- War Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, China
| | - Yaran Wu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, Gantaoyan Street, Shapinba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sport Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yizhao Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sport Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Siru Zhou
- War Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, China
| | - Baorong Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sport Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400022, China
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3
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Zhao J, Ma Y, Zheng X, Sun Z, Lin H, Du C, Cao J. Bladder cancer: non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:147. [PMID: 39217254 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a highly prevalent type of cancer worldwide, and it is responsible for numerous deaths and cases of disease. Due to the diverse nature of this disease, it is necessary to conduct significant research that delves deeper into the molecular aspects, to potentially discover novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Lately, there has been a significant increase in the focus on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), due to their growing recognition for their involvement in the progression and manifestation of BCa. The interest in exosomes has greatly grown due to their potential for transporting a diverse array of active substances, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. The combination of these components differs based on the specific cell and its condition. Research indicates that using exosomes could have considerable advantages in identifying and forecasting BCa, offering a less invasive alternative. The distinctive arrangement of the lipid bilayer membrane found in exosomes is what makes them particularly effective for administering treatments aimed at managing cancer. In this review, we have tried to summarize different ncRNAs that are involved in BCa pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted the role of exosomal ncRNAs in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 311215, Zhe'jiang, China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Department of Urology, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 311215, Zhe'jiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of the First Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhe'jiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of the First Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhe'jiang, China
| | - Hongxiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou Donghe Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiang'xi, China
| | - Chuanjun Du
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhe'jiang, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Urology, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 311215, Zhe'jiang, China.
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Peng X, Zhang T, Liu R, Jin X. Potential in exosome-based targeted nano-drugs and delivery vehicles for posterior ocular disease treatment: from barriers to therapeutic application. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1319-1333. [PMID: 37402019 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Posterior ocular disease, a disease that accounts for 55% of all ocular diseases, can contribute to permanent vision loss if left without treatment. Due to the special structure of the eye, various obstacles make it difficult for drugs to reach lesions in the posterior ocular segment. Therefore, the development of highly permeable targeted drugs and delivery systems is particularly important. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles at 30-150 nm, which are secreted by various cells, tissues, and body fluids. They carry various signaling molecules, thus endowing them with certain physiological functions. In this review, we describe the ocular barriers and the biogenesis, isolation, and engineering of exosomes, as exosomes not only have pharmacological effects but also are good nanocarriers with targeted properties. Moreover, their biocompatibility and immunogenicity are better than synthetic nanocarriers. Most importantly, they may have the ability to pass through the blood-eye barrier. Thus, they may be developed as both targeted nano-drugs and nano-delivery vehicles for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases. We focus on the current status and potential application of exosomes as targeted nano-drugs and nano-delivery vehicles in posterior ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component‑based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component‑based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component‑based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Health Services, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, Chenlin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China.
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5
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Rahmatinejad F, Kharat Z, Jalili H, Renani MK, Mobasheri H. Comparison of morphology, protein concentration, and size distribution of bone marrow and Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells exosomes isolated by ultracentrifugation and polymer-based precipitation techniques. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102427. [PMID: 38833940 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes which are tiny extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm), transport vital proteins and gene materials such as miRNA, mRNA, or DNA, whose role in cell communication and epithelia regulation is critical. Many techniques have been developed as a result of studying exosomes' biochemical and physicochemical properties, although there is still no standard method to isolate exosomes simply with high yield. Commercial kits have gained popularity for exosome extraction despite concerns about their effectiveness in scientific research. On the other hand, ultracentrifugation remains the gold standard isolation method. This study compares these two common exosome isolation methods to determine their impact on the quality and quantity of exosomes isolated from bone marrow (BM) and Wharton's jelly (WJ)-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Isolated exosomes from the two sources of the cell's conditioned medium by two methods (polymer kit and ultracentrifuge) were characterized using western blotting, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the Bradford assay. Western blot analysis confirmed separation efficiency based on CD81 and CD63 markers, with the absence of calnexin serving as a negative control. The Morphology of exosomes studied by SEM image analysis revealed a similar round shape appearance and their sizes (30-150 nm) were the same in both isolation techniques. The DLS analysis of the sample results was consistent with the SEM ones, showing a similar size range and very low disparity. The exosome protein content concentration analysis revealed that exosomes isolated by the polymer-based kits contained higher protein concentration density and purity (p <0.001). In general, though the protein yield was higher when the polymer-based kits were used, there were no significant differences in morphology, or size between WJ-derived and BM-derived exosomes, regardless of the isolation method employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahmatinejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kharat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Jalili
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hamid Mobasheri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Wang W, Sun H, Duan H, Sheng G, Tian N, Liu D, Sun Z. Isolation and usage of exosomes in central nervous system diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14677. [PMID: 38497529 PMCID: PMC10945885 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are vesicles secreted by all types of mammalian cells. They are characterized by a double-layered lipid membrane structure. They serve as carriers for a plethora of signal molecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Their unique capability of effortlessly crossing the blood-brain barrier underscores their critical role in the progression of various neurological disorders. This includes, but is not limited to, diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ischemic stroke. Establishing stable and mature methods for isolating exosomes is a prerequisite for the study of exosomes and their biomedical significance. The extraction technologies of exosomes include differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, ultrafiltration, polymer coprecipitation, immunoaffinity capture, microfluidic, and so forth. Each extraction technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the extraction standards of exosomes have not been unified internationally. AIMS This review aimed to showcase the recent advancements in exosome isolation techniques and thoroughly compare the advantages and disadvantages of different methods. Furthermore, the significant research progress made in using exosomes for diagnosing and treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases has been emphasized. CONCLUSION The varying isolation methods result in differences in the concentration, purity, and size of exosomes. The efficient separation of exosomes facilitates their widespread application, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hong Sun
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Huijuan Duan
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Gang Sheng
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Na Tian
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dingyi Liu
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Beijing Chest Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
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Chen Y, Huang Y, Li J, Jiao T, Yang L. Enhancing osteoporosis treatment with engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: mechanisms and advances. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:119. [PMID: 38331884 PMCID: PMC10853558 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
As societal aging intensifies, the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) continually rises. OP is a skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass, deteriorated bone tissue microstructure, and consequently increased bone fragility and fracture susceptibility, typically evaluated using bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score. Not only does OP diminish patients' quality of life, but it also imposes a substantial economic burden on society. Conventional pharmacological treatments yield limited efficacy and severe adverse reactions. In contemporary academic discourse, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have surfaced as auspicious novel therapeutic modalities for OP. EVs can convey information through the cargo they carry and have been demonstrated to be a crucial medium for intercellular communication, playing a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. Furthermore, various research findings provide evidence that engineered strategies can enhance the therapeutic effects of EVs in OP treatment. While numerous reviews have explored the progress and potential of EVs in treating degenerative bone diseases, research on using EVs to address OP remains in the early stages of basic experimentation. This paper reviews advancements in utilizing MSCs and their derived EVs for OP treatment. It systematically examines the most extensively researched MSC-derived EVs for treating OP, delving not only into the molecular mechanisms of EV-based OP therapy but also conducting a comparative analysis of the strengths and limitations of EVs sourced from various cell origins. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the technical and engineering strategies necessary for leveraging EVs in OP treatment, offering insights and recommendations for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Chen
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Taiwei Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
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Guo ZY, Tang Y, Cheng YC. Exosomes as Targeted Delivery Drug System: Advances in Exosome Loading, Surface Functionalization and Potential for Clinical Application. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:473-487. [PMID: 35702803 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220613150814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are subtypes of vesicles secreted by almost all cells and can play an important role in intercellular communication. They contain various proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other natural substances from their metrocytes. Exosomes are expected to be a new generation of drug delivery systems due to their low immunogenicity, high potential to transfer bioactive substances and biocompatibility. However, exosomes themselves are not highly targeted, it is necessary to develop new surface modification techniques and targeted drug delivery strategies, which are the focus of drug delivery research. In this review, we introduced the biogenesis of exosomes and their role in intercellular communication. We listed various advanced exosome drug-loading techniques. Emphatically, we summarized different exosome surface modification techniques and targeted drug delivery strategies. In addition, we discussed the application of exosomes in vaccines and briefly introduced milk exosomes. Finally, we clarified the clinical application prospects and shortcomings of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Y Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yi C Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
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Bruzek S, Betensky M, Di Paola J, Diacovo T, Goldenberg N, Ignjatovic V. What can the plasma proteome tell us about platelets and (vice versa)? Platelets 2023; 34:2186707. [PMID: 36894508 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2186707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-omics approaches are being used increasingly to study physiological and pathophysiologic processes. Proteomics specifically focuses on the study of proteins as functional elements and key contributors to, and markers of the phenotype, as well as targets for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Depending on the condition, the plasma proteome can mirror the platelet proteome, and hence play an important role in elucidating both physiologic and pathologic processes. In fact, both plasma and platelet protein signatures have been shown to be important in the setting of thrombosis-prone disease states such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Plasma and platelet proteomes are increasingly being studied as a part of a single entity, as is the case with patient-centric sample collection approaches such as capillary blood. Future studies should cut across the plasma and platelet proteome silos, taking advantage of the vast knowledge available when they are considered as part of the same studies, rather than studied as distinct entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bruzek
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Marisol Betensky
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins All Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas Diacovo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Neil Goldenberg
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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Zhang C, Zhou X, Wang D, Hao L, Zeng Z, Su L. Hydrogel-Loaded Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Musculoskeletal Disorders. J Clin Pharm Ther 2023; 2023:1-36. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Clinical treatment strategies for musculoskeletal disorders have been a hot research topic. Accumulating evidence suggests that hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs show great potential in improving musculoskeletal injuries. The ideal hydrogels should be capable of promoting the development of new tissues and simulating the characteristics of target tissues, with the properties matching the cell-matrix constituents of autologous tissues. Although there have been numerous reports of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs for the repair of musculoskeletal injuries, such as intervertebral disc injury, tendinopathy, bone fractures, and cartilage injuries, there are still many hurdles to overcome before the clinical application of modified hydrogels. In this review, we focus on the advantages of the isolation technique of EVs in combination with different types of hydrogels. In this context, the efficacy of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs in different musculoskeletal injuries is discussed in detail to provide a reference for the future application of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs in the clinical treatment of musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Hao
- Shougang Technician College, Nursing School, Beijing 100043, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shougang Technician College, Nursing School, Beijing 100043, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Zhang Y, Chao F, Lv L, Li M, Shen Z. Hsa_circ_0041150 serves as a novel biomarker for monitoring chemotherapy resistance in small cell lung cancer patients treated with a first-line chemotherapy regimen. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15365-15382. [PMID: 37639013 PMCID: PMC10620281 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers in non-invasive body fluids for monitoring chemotherapy resistance in SCLC patients. METHODS CircRNAs were screened and characterized using transcriptome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, actinomycin D treatment, and Ribonuclease R assay. Our study involved 174 participants, and serum samples were collected from all chemotherapy-resistant patients (n = 54) at two time points: stable disease and progressive disease. We isolated and identified serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the patients using ultracentrifugation, transmission electron microscopy, nanoflow cytometry, and western blotting analysis. The expression levels of serum and serum EVs circRNAs were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The impact of circRNA on the function of SCLC cells was assessed through various assays, including proliferation assay, scratch assay, transwell assay, and cisplatin resistance assay. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0041150 was found to be upregulated in chemoresistant SCLC cells and played a role in promoting proliferation, invasion, migration, and cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, the expression levels of hsa_circ_0041150 in serum and serum EVs increased when SCLC patients developed resistance after a first-line chemotherapy regimen. When combined with NSE, the monitoring sensitivity (70.37%) and specificity (81.48%) for chemotherapy resistance significantly improved. Moreover, the expression level of hsa_circ_0041150 showed significant associations with time to progression from SD to PD, and high hsa_circ_0041150 levels after drug resistance were more likely to cause chemotherapy resistance. Additionally, hsa_circ_0041150 demonstrated valuable potential in monitoring the progression from initial diagnosis to chemotherapy resistance in SCLC patients. CONCLUSION Thus, EVs hsa_circ_0041150 holds promise as a biomarker for monitoring chemotherapy resistance in SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fengmei Chao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Lihua Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Zuojun Shen
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China.
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12
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Xylaki M, Chopra A, Weber S, Bartl M, Outeiro TF, Mollenhauer B. Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1585-1597. [PMID: 37449706 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarkers are needed by both clinicians and researchers (for diagnosis, identifying study populations, and monitoring therapeutic response). Imaging, genetic, and biochemical biomarkers have been widely studied. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a promising material for biomarker development. Proteins and molecular material from any organ, including the central nervous system, can be packed into EVs and transported to the periphery into easily obtainable biological specimens like blood, urine, and saliva. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles (published before November 15, 2022) reporting biomarker assessment in EVs in PD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Biomarkers were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis and the calculated standardized mean difference (Std.MD). Several proteins and ribonucleic acids have been identified in EVs in PD patients, but only α-synuclein (aSyn) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) were reported in sufficient studies (n = 24 and 6, respectively) to perform a meta-analysis. EV aSyn was significantly increased in neuronal L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM)-positive blood EVs in PD patients compared to HCs (Std.MD = 1.84, 95% confidence interval = 0.76-2.93, P = 0.0009). Further analysis of the biological sample and EV isolation method indicated that L1CAM-IP (immunoprecipitation) directly from plasma was the best isolation method for assessing aSyn in PD patients. Upcoming neuroprotective clinical trials immediately need peripheral biomarkers for identifying individuals at risk of developing PD. Overall, the improved sensitivity of assays means they can identify biomarkers in blood that reflect changes in the brain. CNS-derived EVs in blood will likely play a major role in biomarker development in the coming years. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Xylaki
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Avika Chopra
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sandrina Weber
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bartl
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany
- Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
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13
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Reyes A, Hatcher JD, Salazar E, Galan J, Iliuk A, Sanchez EE, Suntravat M. Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Plasma and Peritoneal Exudate in Mice Induced by Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus Crude Venom and Its Purified Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein (Css-CRiSP). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:434. [PMID: 37505703 PMCID: PMC10467150 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability is a frequent outcome of viperid snakebite envenomation, leading to local and systemic complications. We reported that snake venom cysteine-rich secretory proteins (svCRiSPs) from North American pit vipers increase vascular permeability both in vitro and in vivo. They also induce acute activation of several adhesion and signaling molecules that may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of snakebites. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained interest for their diverse functions in intercellular communication, regulating cellular processes, blood-endothelium interactions, vascular permeability, and immune modulation. They also hold potential as valuable biomarkers for diagnosing, predicting, and monitoring therapeutic responses in different diseases. This study aimed to identify proteins in peritoneal exudate and plasma EVs isolated from BALB/c mice following a 30 min post-injection of Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus venom and its purified CRiSP (Css-CRiSP). EVs were isolated from these biofluids using the EVtrap method. Proteomic analysis of exudate- and plasma-derived EVs was performed using LC-MS/MS. We observed significant upregulation or downregulation of proteins involved in cell adhesion, cytoskeleton rearrangement, signal transduction, immune responses, and vesicle-mediated transports. These findings suggest that svCRiSPs play a crucial role in the acute effects of venom and contribute to the local and systemic toxicity of snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Reyes
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Joseph D. Hatcher
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Emelyn Salazar
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Jacob Galan
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Elda E. Sanchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Montamas Suntravat
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
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14
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Zheng F, Wang J, Wang D, Yang Q. Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Malignancy Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071984. [PMID: 37046644 PMCID: PMC10093031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are the key mediators of intercellular communication. They have the potential for clinical use as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers and have been explored as vectors for drug delivery. Identification of reliable and noninvasive biomarkers, such as sEVs, is important for early diagnosis and precise treatment of gynecologic diseases to improve patient prognosis. Previous reviews have summarized routine sEVs isolation and identification methods; however, novel and unconventional methods have not been comprehensively described. This review summarizes a convenient method of isolating sEVs from body fluids and liquid biopsy-related sEV markers for early, minimally invasive diagnosis of gynecologic diseases. In addition, the characteristics of sEVs as drug carriers and in precision treatment and drug resistance are introduced, providing a strong foundation for identifying novel and potential therapeutic targets for sEV therapy. We propose potential directions for further research on the applications of sEVs in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic diseases.
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15
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Jalaludin I, Lubman DM, Kim J. A guide to mass spectrometric analysis of extracellular vesicle proteins for biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:844-872. [PMID: 34747512 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (small extracellular vesicles) in living organisms play an important role in processes such as cell proliferation or intercellular communication. Recently, exosomes have been extensively investigated for biomarker discoveries for various diseases. An important aspect of exosome analysis involves the development of enrichment methods that have been introduced for successful isolation of exosomes. These methods include ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, polyethylene glycol-based precipitation, immunoaffinity-based enrichment, ultrafiltration, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation among others. To confirm the presence of exosomes, various characterization methods have been utilized such as Western blot analysis, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, optical methods, zeta potential, visual inspection, and mass spectrometry. Recent advances in high-resolution separations, high-performance mass spectrometry and comprehensive proteome databases have all contributed to the successful analysis of exosomes from patient samples. Herein we review various exosome enrichment methods, characterization methods, and recent trends of exosome investigations using mass spectrometry-based approaches for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Jalaludin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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16
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A review on comparative studies addressing exosome isolation methods from body fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1239-1263. [PMID: 35838769 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes emerged as valuable sources of disease biomarkers and new therapeutic tools. However, extracellular vesicles isolation with exosome-like characteristics from certain biofluids is still challenging which can limit their potential use in clinical settings. While ultracentrifugation-based procedures are the gold standard for exosome isolation from cell cultures, no unique and standardized method for exosome isolation from distinct body fluids exists. The complexity, specific composition, and physical properties of each biofluid constitute a technical barrier to obtain reproducible and pure exosome preparations, demanding a detailed characterization of both exosome isolation and characterization methods. Moreover, some isolation procedures can affect downstream proteomic or RNA profiling analysis. This review compiles and discussed a set of comparative studies addressing distinct exosome isolation methods from human biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, serum, saliva, and urine, also focusing on body fluid specific challenges, physical properties, and other potential variation sources. This summarized information will facilitate the choice of exosome isolation methods, based on the type of biological samples available, and hopefully encourage the use of exosomes in translational and clinical research.
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17
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Tinè M, Neri T, Biondini D, Bernardinello N, Casara A, Conti M, Minniti M, Cosio MG, Saetta M, Celi A, Nieri D, Bazzan E. Do Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Strictly Reflect Bronchoalveolar Lavage Extracellular Vesicles in COPD? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032966. [PMID: 36769286 PMCID: PMC9918055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in the circulation and body fluids contain biomolecules that could be used as biomarkers for lung and other diseases. EVs from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) might be more informative of lung abnormalities than EVs from blood, where information might be diluted. To compare EVs' characteristics in BAL and blood in smokers with and without COPD. Same-day BAL and blood samples were obtained in 9 nonsmokers (NS), 11 smokers w/o COPD (S), and 9 with COPD (SCOPD) (FEV1: 59 ± 3% pred). After differential centrifugation, EVs (200-500 nm diameter) were identified by flow cytometry and labeled with cell-type specific antigens: CD14 for macrophage-derived EVs, CD326 for epithelial-derived EVs, CD146 for endothelial-derived EVs, and CD62E for activated-endothelial-derived EVs. In BAL, CD14-EVs were increased in S compared to NS [384 (56-567) vs. 172 (115-282) events/μL; p = 0.007] and further increased in SCOPD [619 (224-888)] compared to both S (p = 0.04) and NS (p < 0.001). CD326-EVs were increased in S [760 (48-2856) events/μL, p < 0.001] and in SCOPD [1055 (194-11,491), p < 0.001] when compared to NS [15 (0-68)]. CD146-EVs and CD62E-EVs were similar in the three groups. In BAL, significant differences in macrophage and epithelial-derived EVs can be clearly detected between NS, S and SCOPD, while these differences were not found in plasma. This suggests that BAL is a better medium than blood to study EVs in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaenrica Tinè
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Neri
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardiorespiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide Biondini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicol Bernardinello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alvise Casara
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Conti
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Minniti
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardiorespiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuel G. Cosio
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Respiratory Division, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Celi
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardiorespiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Dario Nieri
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardiorespiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Erica Bazzan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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18
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Goss DM, Vasilescu SA, Sacks G, Gardner DK, Warkiani ME. Microfluidics facilitating the use of small extracellular vesicles in innovative approaches to male infertility. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:66-95. [PMID: 36348030 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sperm are transcriptionally and translationally quiescent and, therefore, rely on the seminal plasma microenvironment for function, survival and fertilization of the oocyte in the oviduct. The male reproductive system influences sperm function via the binding and fusion of secreted epididymal (epididymosomes) and prostatic (prostasomes) small extracellular vesicles (S-EVs) that facilitate the transfer of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to sperm. Seminal plasma S-EVs have important roles in sperm maturation, immune and oxidative stress protection, capacitation, fertilization and endometrial implantation and receptivity. Supplementing asthenozoospermic samples with normospermic-derived S-EVs can improve sperm motility and S-EV microRNAs can be used to predict non-obstructive azoospermia. Thus, S-EV influence on sperm physiology might have both therapeutic and diagnostic potential; however, the isolation of pure populations of S-EVs from bodily fluids with current conventional methods presents a substantial hurdle. Many conventional techniques lack accuracy, effectiveness, and practicality; yet microfluidic technology has the potential to simplify and improve S-EV isolation and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale M Goss
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- IVF Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven A Vasilescu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NeoGenix Biosciences pty ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gavin Sacks
- IVF Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David K Gardner
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Majid E Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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19
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Venkatesan G, Wan Ab Rahman WS, Shahidan WNS, Iberahim S, Muhd Besari@Hashim AB. Plasma-derived exosomal miRNA as potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of vector-borne diseases: A review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1097173. [PMID: 37125151 PMCID: PMC10133507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Early disease diagnosis is critical for better management and treatment outcome of patients. Therefore, diagnostic methods should ideally be accurate, consistent, easy to perform at low cost and preferably non-invasive. In recent years, various biomarkers have been studied for the detection of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus and malignancies. Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules that influence gene expression after transcription. Previous studies have shown that these types of miRNAs can potentially be used as biomarkers for cancers of the breast and colon, as well as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It may also be used to indicate viral and bacterial infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis and hepatitis. However, its use in the diagnosis of vector-borne diseases is rather limited. Therefore, this review aims to introduce several miRNAs derived from exosomal plasma that may potentially serve as a disease biomarker due to the body's immune response, with special focus on the early detection of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman,
| | | | - Salfarina Iberahim
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alwi bin Muhd Besari@Hashim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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20
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Si F, Liu Z, Li J, Yang H, Liu Y, Kong J. Sensitive electrochemical detection of A549 exosomes based on DNA/ferrocene-modified single-walled carbon nanotube complex. Anal Biochem 2023; 660:114971. [PMID: 36328214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosome is an emerging tumor marker, whose concentration level can reflect the occurrence and development of tumors. The development of rapid and sensitive exosome detection platform is of great significance for early warning of cancer occurrence. Here, a strategy for electrochemical detection of A549-cell-derived exosomes was established based on DNA/ferrocene-modified single-walled carbon nanotube complex (DNA/SWCNT-Fc). DNA/SWCNT-Fc complexes function as a signal amplification platform to promote electron transfer between electrochemical signal molecules and electrodes, thereby improving sensitivity. At the same time, the exosomes can be attached to DNA/SWCNT-Fc nanocomposites via the established PO43--Ti4+-PO43- method. Moreover, the application of EGFR antibody, which can specifically capture A549 exosomes, could improve the accuracy of this sensing system. Under optimal experimental conditions, the biosensor showed good linear relationship between the peak current and the logarithm of exosomes concentration from 4.66 × 106 to 9.32 × 109 exosomes/mL with a detection limit of 9.38 × 104 exosomes/mL. Furthermore, this strategy provides high selectivity for exosomes of different cancer cells, which can be applied to the detection of exosomes in serum samples. Thus, owing to its advantages of high sensitivity and good selectivity, this method provides a diversified platform for exosomes identification and has great potential in early diagnosis and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription Signaling, Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription Signaling, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Zenghui Liu
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Jinge Li
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Yanju Liu
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China.
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21
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Pallares-Rusiñol A, Bernuz M, Moura SL, Fernández-Senac C, Rossi R, Martí M, Pividori MI. Advances in exosome analysis. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 112:69-117. [PMID: 36642486 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is growing demand for novel biomarkers that detect early stage disease as well as monitor clinical management and therapeutic strategies. Exosome analysis could provide the next advance in attaining that goal. Exosomes are membrane encapsulated biologic nanometric-sized particles of endocytic origin which are released by all cell types. Unfortunately, exosomes are exceptionally challenging to characterize with current technologies. Exosomes are between 30 and 200nm in diameter, a size that makes them out of the sensitivity range to most cell-oriented sorting or analysis platforms, i.e., traditional flow cytometers. The most common methods for targeting exosomes to date typically involve purification followed by the characterization and the specific determination of their cargo. The whole procedure is time consuming, requiring thus skilled personnel as well as laboratory facilities and benchtop instrumentation. The most relevant methodology for exosome isolation, characterization and quantification is addressed in this chapter, including the most up-to-date approaches to explore the potential usefulness of exosomes as biomarkers in liquid biopsies and in advanced nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Pallares-Rusiñol
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mireia Bernuz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Silio Lima Moura
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carolina Fernández-Senac
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosanna Rossi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercè Martí
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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22
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Fan SJ, Chen JY, Tang CH, Zhao QY, Zhang JM, Qin YC. Edible plant extracellular vesicles: An emerging tool for bioactives delivery. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028418. [PMID: 36569896 PMCID: PMC9773994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) in edible food have a typical saucer-like structure and are nanoparticles released by numerous cells. They have different components and interact with other biological samples in diverse ways. Therefore, these nanoparticles could be used to develop bioactives delivery nanoplatforms and anti-inflammatory treatments to meet the stringent demands of current clinical challenges. This review aims to summarize current researches into EVs from edible plants, particularly those that can protect siRNAs or facilitate drug transportation. We will discuss their isolation, characterization and functions, their regulatory effects under various physiological and pathological conditions, and their immune regulation, anti-tumor, regeneration, and anti-inflammatory effects. We also review advances in their potential application as bioactives carriers, and medicinal and edible plants that change their EVs compositions during disease to achieve a therapy propose. It is expected that future research on plant-derived EVs will considerably expand their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Hua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yu-Chang Qin, ; Jun-Min Zhang,
| | - Yu-Chang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yu-Chang Qin, ; Jun-Min Zhang,
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23
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Muraoka S, Hirano M, Isoyama J, Ishida M, Tomonaga T, Adachi J. Automated Proteomics Sample Preparation of Phosphatidylserine-Positive Extracellular Vesicles from Human Body Fluids. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41472-41479. [PMID: 36406491 PMCID: PMC9670285 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ubiquitously secreted by almost every cell type and are present in all body fluids. Blood-derived EVs can be used as a promising source for biomarker monitoring in disease. EV proteomics is currently being analyzed in clinical specimens. However, their EV proteomics preparation methods are limited in throughput for human subjects. Here, we introduced a novel automated EV isolation and sample preparation method using a magnetic particle processing robot for automated 96-well processing of magnetic particles for EV proteomics analysis that can be started with a low volume of multiple clinical samples. The automation of EV purification reduced the coefficient of variation of protein quantification from 3.5 to 2.2% compared with manual purification, enabling the quantification of 1120 proteins in 1 h of MS analysis. This automated proteomics EV sample preparation is attractive for processing large cohort samples for biomarker development, validation, and routine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Muraoka
- Laboratory
of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health
and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- Laboratory
of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, Collaborative Research Center
for Health and Medicine, National Institute
of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Masayo Hirano
- Laboratory
of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health
and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Junko Isoyama
- Laboratory
of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health
and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Mimiko Ishida
- Laboratory
of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health
and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory
of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health
and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory
of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health
and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- Laboratory
of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, Collaborative Research Center
for Health and Medicine, National Institute
of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- Laboratory
of Proteomics and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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24
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Zhang M, Liu T, Du Z, Li H, Qin W. A new integrated method for tissue extracellular vesicle enrichment and proteome profiling. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33409-33418. [PMID: 36425162 PMCID: PMC9679920 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06185f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by cells that carry a number of biologically important components such as lipids, proteins, and mRNAs. EVs can mediate cancer cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and cell survival, greatly contributing to cell-to-cell communication in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, EVs have been found to have diagnostic and prognostic significance in various cancers. However, the direct isolation of pure EVs remains challenging, especially from tissue samples. Currently available EV isolation approaches, e.g., ultracentrifugation, are time-consuming, instrumental dependent, and have a low recovery rate with limited purity. It is urgent to develop rapid and efficient methods for enriching tissue EVs for biological and clinical studies. Here, we developed a novel isolation approach for tissue EVs using an extraction kit combined with TiO2 microspheres (kit-TiO2). The EVs were first precipitated from the tissue fluid using a precipitation agent and then further enriched using microspheres based on the specific interaction between TiO2 and the phosphate groups on the lipid bilayer of the EVs. Kit-TiO2 approach led to improved purity and enrichment efficiency of the isolated EVs, as demonstrated by western blot and proteomic analysis, compared with previously reported methods. A total of 1966 protein groups were identified from the tissue EVs. We compared the proteomic profiles of the liver tissue EVs from healthy and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) bearing-mice. Twenty-five significantly upregulated and 75 downregulated protein groups were found in the HCC EVs. Among the differentially expressed proteins, Atic, Copa, Cont3, Me1, Anxa3, Fth1, Anxa5, Phb1, Acaa2, ATPD, and Glud1 were reported to be highly relevant to HCC. This novel isolation strategy has provided a powerful tool for enriching EVs directly from tissues, and may be applied in biomarker discovery and drug screening of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266071 PR China
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Beijing 102206 PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Beijing 102206 PR China
| | - Zhuokun Du
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Beijing 102206 PR China
| | - Hang Li
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Beijing 102206 PR China
| | - Weijie Qin
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266071 PR China
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Beijing 102206 PR China
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25
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He B, Huang Z, Huang C, Nice EC. Clinical applications of plasma proteomics and peptidomics: Towards precision medicine. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2100097. [PMID: 35490333 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the context of precision medicine, disease treatment requires individualized strategies based on the underlying molecular characteristics to overcome therapeutic challenges posed by heterogeneity. For this purpose, it is essential to develop new biomarkers to diagnose, stratify, or possibly prevent diseases. Plasma is an available source of biomarkers that greatly reflects the physiological and pathological conditions of the body. An increasing number of studies are focusing on proteins and peptides, including many involving the Human Proteome Project (HPP) of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO), and proteomics and peptidomics techniques are emerging as critical tools for developing novel precision medicine preventative measures. Excitingly, the emerging plasma proteomics and peptidomics toolbox exhibits a huge potential for studying pathogenesis of diseases (e.g., COVID-19 and cancer), identifying valuable biomarkers and improving clinical management. However, the enormous complexity and wide dynamic range of plasma proteins makes plasma proteome profiling challenging. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in plasma proteomics and peptidomics with a focus on their emerging roles in COVID-19 and cancer research, aiming to emphasize the significance of plasma proteomics and peptidomics in clinical applications and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Paget D, Checa A, Zöhrer B, Heilig R, Shanmuganathan M, Dhaliwal R, Johnson E, Jørgensen MM, Bæk R, Wheelock CE, Channon KM, Fischer R, Anthony DC, Choudhury RP, Akbar N. Comparative and integrated analysis of plasma extracellular vesicle isolation methods in healthy volunteers and patients following myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e66. [PMID: 38939906 PMCID: PMC11080728 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) number and composition are altered following myocardial infarction (MI), but to properly understand the significance of these changes it is essential to appreciate how the different isolation methods affect EV characteristics, proteome and sphingolipidome. Here, we compared plasma EV isolated from platelet-poor plasma from four healthy donors and six MI patients at presentation and 1-month post-MI using ultracentrifugation (UC), polyethylene glycol precipitation, acoustic trapping, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and immunoaffinity capture. The isolated EV were evaluated by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Western blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an EV-protein array, untargeted proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and targeted sphingolipidomics (LC-MS/MS). The application of the five different plasma EV isolation methods in patients presenting with MI showed that the choice of plasma EV isolation method influenced the ability to distinguish elevations in plasma EV concentration following MI, enrichment of EV-cargo (EV-proteins and sphingolipidomics) and associations with the size of the infarct determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 6 months post-MI. Despite the selection bias imposed by each method, a core of EV-associated proteins and lipids was detectable using all approaches. However, this study highlights how each isolation method comes with its own idiosyncrasies and makes the comparison of data acquired by different techniques in clinical studies problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Paget
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Antonio Checa
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Benedikt Zöhrer
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and AllergyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Raphael Heilig
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mayooran Shanmuganathan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Raman Dhaliwal
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Errin Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Maléne Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | | | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and AllergyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR)Gunma UniversityShowa‐machiMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Robin P. Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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27
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Zhu J, Tan Z, Zhang J, An M, Khaykin VM, Cuneo KC, Parikh ND, Lubman DM. Sequential Method for Analysis of CTCs and Exosomes from the Same Sample of Patient Blood. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37581-37588. [PMID: 36312392 PMCID: PMC9609053 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes, both released from the primary tumor into peripheral blood, are a promising source of cancer biomarkers. They are detectable in the blood and carry a large diversity of biological molecules, which can be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of minimally invasive cancers. However, due to their intrinsic differences in counts, size, and molecular contents, studies have focused on only one type of vesicle. Herein, we have developed an integrated system to sequentially isolate CTCs and exosomes from a single patient blood sample for further profiling and analysis. The CTCs are isolated using a commercial filtration method and then the remaining blood is processed using multiple cycles of ultracentrifugation to isolate the exosomes. The method uses two available technologies where the eluent from CTC isolation is usually discarded and interfaces them, so that the eluent can be interfaced to exosome isolation methods. The CTCs are identified based on fluorescence staining of their surface markers, while the exosomes are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, nanosight tracking analysis, and mass spec proteomic analysis. This analysis showed CTCs detected by their surface markers for metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while essentially none were detected for cirrhosis. The exosome analysis resulted in the identification of ∼500-1000 exosome proteins per sample confirmed by detection of exosome surface markers CD9, CD63, CD81, and TSG101 in addition to proteins related to cancer progression. Proteins enriched in HCC exosomes were shown to be involved in the immune response, metastasis, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhu
- Department
of Surgery, The University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhijing Tan
- Department
of Surgery, The University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department
of Surgery, The University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mingrui An
- Department
of Surgery, The University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Valerie M. Khaykin
- Division
of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University
of Michigan Medical Center, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kyle C. Cuneo
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Neehar D. Parikh
- Division
of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University
of Michigan Medical Center, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department
of Surgery, The University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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28
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Magnetic guanidyl-functionalized covalent organic framework composite: a platform for specific capture and isolation of phosphopeptides and exosomes. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:330. [PMID: 35969309 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A guanidine-functionalized (GF) covalent organic framework (COF) nanocomposite has been developed by a post-synthetic approach for specific capture and separation of phosphopeptides and exosomes. The abundant binding sites on COF can immobilize a large number of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which can be used to react with amino groups to graft polyethyleneimine (PEI). Finally, Fe3O4@COF@Au@PEI-GF is obtained through the reaction of PEI and guanidyl group for phosphopeptides and exosomes detection. This composite shows a low detection limit (0.02 fmol), size exclusion effect (β-casein digests:Albumin from bovine serum protein = 1:10,000), good reusability (10 cycles), and high selectivity (β-casein digests:Albumin from bovine serum digests = 1:10,000). For complex biological sample, 4 phosphopeptides can be successfully identified from human serum. Furthermore, for the first time, we used guanidyl-functionalized probe to capture exosomes in human serum, providing a new method for enriching exosomes. The above experiments showed that Fe3O4@COF@Au@PEI-GF not only effectively enrich phosphopeptides and remove macromolecular proteins, but also successfully separate and capture exosomes. This demonstrates the great potential of this composite for the specific enrichment of phosphopeptides and isolation of exosomes.
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29
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Zhang X, Takeuchi T, Takeda A, Mochizuki H, Nagai Y. Comparison of serum and plasma as a source of blood extracellular vesicles: Increased levels of platelet-derived particles in serum extracellular vesicle fractions alter content profiles from plasma extracellular vesicle fractions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270634. [PMID: 35749554 PMCID: PMC9231772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted much attention as potential diagnostic biomarkers for human diseases. Although both plasma and serum are utilized as a source of blood EVs, it remains unclear whether, how and to what extent the choice of plasma and serum affects the experimental results. To address this issue, in this study, we performed comprehensive characterization of EV fractions derived from plasma and serum, and investigated the differences between these blood EVs. We demonstrated by nanoparticle tracking analysis that EV fractions derived from serum contain more particles than those from plasma of mice. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that platelet-associated proteins are selectively enriched in serum EV fractions from both mice and humans. A literature review of proteomic data of human blood EVs reported by other groups further confirmed that selective enrichment of platelet-associated proteins is commonly observed in serum EVs, and confers different proteome profiles to plasma EVs. Our data provide experimental evidence that EV fractions derived from serum generally contain additional EVs that are released from platelets, which may qualitatively and quantitatively alter EV profiles when using serum as a source of blood EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Zhang
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (YN)
| | - Akiko Takeda
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (YN)
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30
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Tao Lan, Zhao X, Cao F, Zhang W. A Simple and Easy Evaluation Method for Urinary Extracellular Vesicles Quality. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Liu Q. The emerging roles of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in bladder cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:966-976. [PMID: 34981655 PMCID: PMC8831985 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, have been reported to play essential roles as extracellular messengers by transporting goods in various diseases, while their potential roles in bladder cancer (BC) still remain to be further studied. BC exhibits a high degree of chemoresistance and metastatic ability, which may be affected by cancer‐derived exosomes that carry proteins, lipids and RNA. To date, the most studied exosomal molecular cargo is long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA). Although there is increasing interest in its role and function, there is relatively little knowledge about it compared with other RNA transcripts. Nevertheless, in the past ten years, we have witnessed increasing interest in the role and function of lncRNA. For example, lncRNAs have been studied as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of BC. They may play a role as a therapeutic target in precision medicine, but they may also be directly involved in the characteristics of tumour progression, such as metastasis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and drug resistance. Cancer cells are on chemotherapy acting. The function of lncRNA in various cancer exosomes has not yet been determined. In this review, we summarize the current studies about the prominent roles of exosomal lncRNAs in genome integrity, BC progression and carcinogenic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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32
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Tang M, Chen Y, Xian H, Tan S, Lian Z, Peng X, Hu D. Circulating exosome level of indigenous fish may be a novel biomarker for the integrated ecotoxicity effect of water environment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113084. [PMID: 34915223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The deficiency of effective biomarker for the toxic effects of water pollutants greatly limits the application of biological monitoring. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of circulating exosomes of indigenous fish acting as biomarker for the ecotoxicity effect of water environment. The Helong Reservoir in Guangzhou, China, was chosen as the investigating field, of which the water quality belongs to Class V (2013) (GB 3838-2002, China). The clean drinking water source of the upper reaches of the Liuxihe Reservoir was selected as the control. Indigenous fishes including Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia), Labeo rohita (Rohu), Carassius auratus (Crucian carp) were sampled during the period from July 2020 to April 2021. Circulating exosomes of fish samples were isolated by using ultracentrifugation, characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantified by using bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. Oxidative stress, DNA and chromosome damage in liver, kidney, brain, gill and blood of fish samples were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, DNA and chromosome damage in fish samples between the Helong Reservoir and the control. Interestingly, there were also significant differences in circulating exosome levels of fish samples between them. Our data suggested that circulating exosome level of indigenous fish may be a novel biomarker for the ecotoxicity effects of water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Tang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongyi Xian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Suqin Tan
- Grade 2018 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Hygiene Quarantine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenwei Lian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaowu Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Dalin Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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33
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Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles (30–160 nm diameter) with lipid bilayer membrane secrete by various cells that mediate the communication between cells and tissue, which contain a variety of non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, proteins, lipids and other functional substances. Adipose tissue is important energy storage and endocrine organ in the organism. Recent studies have revealed that adipose tissue-derived exosomes (AT-Exosomes) play a critical role in many physiologically and pathologically functions. Physiologically, AT-Exosomes could regulate the metabolic homoeostasis of various organs or cells including liver and skeletal muscle. Pathologically, they could be used in the treatment of disease and or that they may be involved in the progression of the disease. In this review, we describe the basic principles and methods of exosomes isolation and identification, as well as further summary the specific methods. Moreover, we categorize the relevant studies of AT-Exosomes and summarize the different components and biological functions of mammalian exosomes. Most importantly, we elaborate AT-Exosomes crosstalk within adipose tissue and their functions on other tissues or organs from the physiological and pathological perspective. Based on the above analysis, we discuss what remains to be discovered problems in AT-Exosomes studies and prospect their directions needed to be further explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhaozhao He
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, China
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34
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He XY, Yu HM, Lin S, Li YZ. Advances in the application of mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, biomimetic materials, and 3D printing in osteoporosis treatment. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:47. [PMID: 34775969 PMCID: PMC8591870 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to an increase in the aging population, osteoporosis has become a severe public health concern, with a high prevalence among the elderly and postmenopausal adults. Osteoporosis-related fracture is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly and postmenopausal adults, posing a considerable socioeconomic burden. However, existing treatments can only slow down the process of osteoporosis, reduce the risk of fractures, and repair fractures locally. Therefore, emerging methods for treating osteoporosis, such as mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, exosome-driving drug delivery systems, biomimetic materials, and 3D printing technology, have received increasing research attention, with significant progress. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into different types of functional cells. Exosomes play a key role in regulating cell microenvironments through paracrine mechanisms. Bionic materials and 3D printed scaffolds are beneficial for the reconstruction and repair of osteoporotic bones and osteoporosis-related fractures. Stem cells, exosomes, and biomimetic materials represent emerging technologies for osteoporosis treatment. This review summarizes the latest developments in these three aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hai-Ming Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Yi-Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
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35
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Tan J, Wen Y, Li M. Emerging biosensing platforms for quantitative detection of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Malapelle U, Pisapia P, Addeo A, Arrieta O, Bellosillo B, Cardona AF, Cristofanilli M, De Miguel-Perez D, Denninghoff V, Durán I, Jantus-Lewintre E, Nuzzo PV, O'Byrne K, Pauwels P, Pickering EM, Raez LE, Russo A, Serrano MJ, Gandara DR, Troncone G, Rolfo C. Liquid biopsy from research to clinical practice: focus on non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1165-1178. [PMID: 34570988 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1985468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the current era of personalized medicine, liquid biopsy has acquired a relevant importance in patient management of advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As a matter of fact, liquid biopsy may supplant the problem of inadequate tissue for molecular testing. The term 'liquid biopsy' refers to a number of different biological fluids, but is most clearly associated with plasma-related platforms. It must be taken into account that pre-analytical processing and the selection of the appropriate technology according to the clinical context may condition the results obtained. In addition, novel clinical applications beyond the evaluation of the molecular status of predictive biomarkers are currently under investigation. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the available evidence on pre-analytical issues and different clinical applications of liquid biopsies in NSCLC patients. EXPERT OPINION Liquid biopsy should be considered not only as a valid alternative but as complementary to tissue-based molecular approaches. Careful attention should be paid to the optimization and standardization of all phases of liquid biopsy samples management in order to determine a significant improvement in either sensitivity or specificity, while significant reducing the number of 'false negative' or 'false positive' molecular results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico Ii, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pisapia
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico Ii, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Addeo
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres F Cardona
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica Del Country, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Oncology, Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (Ficmac), Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-g/oncolgroup), Universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diego De Miguel-Perez
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Granada, Spain.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valeria Denninghoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Buenos Aires - National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (Conicet), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Durán
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Eloísa Jantus-Lewintre
- Department of Pathology, Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Para La Investigación Del Hospital General Universitario De Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Mixed Unit TRIAL, (Príncipe Felipe Research Centre & Fundación Para La Investigación Del Hospital General Universitario De Valencia), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica De València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pier Vitale Nuzzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, Australia
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (Core), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (Uantwerp), Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Edward M Pickering
- Divison of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Section of Interventional Pulmonology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis E Raez
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Memorial Cancer Institute/Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria José Serrano
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Granada, Spain
| | - David R Gandara
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico Ii, Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical System & Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Zhu J, Zhang J, Ji X, Tan Z, Lubman DM. Column-based Technology for CD9-HPLC Immunoaffinity Isolation of Serum Extracellular Vesicles. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4901-4911. [PMID: 34473505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising source of biomarkers; however, major challenges in EV separation and proteomic profiling remain for isolating EVs from a small amount, that is, on the microliter scale, of human serum while minimizing the contamination of blood proteins and lipoprotein particles coeluting in EV preparations. Herein we have developed a column-based CD9-antibody-immobilized high-performance liquid chromatography immunoaffinity chromatography(CD9-HPLC-IAC) technology for EV isolation from a microliter scale of serum for downstream proteomic analysis. The CD9-HPLC-IAC method achieved EV isolation from 40 μL of serum in 30 min with a yield of 8.0 × 109 EVs, where EVs were further processed with a postcolumn cleaning step using the 50 kDa molecular weight cut-off filter for the buffer exchange, concentration, and reduction of potentially coeluting serum proteins. In total, 482 proteins were identified in EVs by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, including the common exosomal markers such as CD63, CD81, CD82, Alix, and TSG101. The statistical analysis of EV protein content showed that the top 10 serum proteins in EVs were significantly decreased by using the CD9-HPLC-IAC method compared with the use of ultracentrifugation (p = 0.001) and size exclusion chromatography (p = 0.009), and apolipoproteins were significantly reduced 4.8-fold compared with the SEC method (p < 0.001). The result demonstrates the potential of the CD9-HPLC-IAC method for the efficient isolation and proteomic characterization of EVs from a microscale volume of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhijing Tan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Sun Z, Yang J, Li H, Wang C, Fletcher C, Li J, Zhan Y, Du L, Wang F, Jiang Y. Progress in the research of nanomaterial-based exosome bioanalysis and exosome-based nanomaterials tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120873. [PMID: 33989972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes and their internal components have been proven to play critical roles in cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular regulations, showing promising prospects in both biomedical and clinical fields. Although conventional methods have so far been utilized to great effect, accurate bioanalysis remains a major challenge. In recent years, the fast-paced development of nanomaterials with unique physiochemical properties has led to a boom in the potential bioapplications of such materials. In particular, the application of nanomaterials in exosome bioanalysis provides a great opportunity to overcome the current challenges and limitations of conventional methods. A timely review of the research progress in this field is thus of great significance to the continued development of new methods. This review outlines the properties and potential uses of exosomes, and discusses the conventional methods currently used for their analysis. We then focus on exploring the current state of the art regarding the use of nanomaterials for the isolation, detection and even the subsequent profiling of exosomes. The main methods are based on principles including fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, colorimetry, electrochemistry, and surface plasmon resonance. Additionally, research on exosome-based nanomaterials tumor therapy is also promising from a clinical perspective, so the research progress in this branch is also summarized. Finally, we look at ways in which the field might develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Cameron Fletcher
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China.
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Xiang X, Guan F, Jiao F, Li H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Qin W. A new urinary exosome enrichment method by a combination of ultrafiltration and TiO 2 nanoparticles. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1591-1600. [PMID: 33729255 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by most cell types and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Increasing evidence shows that exosomal proteins in urine may be used as novel biomarkers for certain diseases. Purified urinary exosomes are necessary for downstream studies and application development. However, conventional methods for exosome isolation and enrichment are technically challenging and time-consuming. Poor specificity, low recovery and instrumental dependence also limit the use of these methods. It is particularly urgent to develop a rapid and efficient extraction method for basic research and clinical application. Particularly, urine is a dilute solution system with relatively low abundance of exosomes, due to which the isolation of urinary exosome requires more efficient technology. Here, we propose a new strategy for facile exosome isolation from human urine by utilizing the ultrafiltration technique and the specific interaction of TiO2 with the phosphate groups on the lipid bilayer of exosomes. Downstream characterization and proteomic analysis indicate that high-quality exosomes can be obtained from human urine by this ultrafiltration-TiO2 series method in 20 minutes, and 91.5% exosomes with an intact structure are captured from urine by this method. Moreover, 1874 protein groups have been identified through LC-MS. The results show that the protein identification of our method is 23% higher at least than those obtained by conventional strategies. We also identified 30 differential proteins by comparing the urinary exosomes from healthy male and female volunteers. These proteins are related to biological processes, such as lipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. Our analysis reveals that combining conventional ultrafiltration and TiO2-based isolation is ideal to overcome the inherent limitations of identification of exosome proteins derived from urine, and yield highly pure exosome components for downstream proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Xiang
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, PR China.
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Fan L, Dong J, He X, Zhang C, Zhang T. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes reduce apoptosis and inflammatory response during spinal cord injury by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1612-1623. [PMID: 33779331 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211003311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most common destructive injuries, which may lead to permanent neurological dysfunction. Currently, transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in experimental models of SCI shows promise as effective therapies. BMSCs secrete various factors that can regulate the microenvironment, which is called paracrine effect. Among these paracrine substances, exosomes are considered to be the most valuable therapeutic factors. Our study found that BMSCs-derived exosomes therapy attenuated cell apoptosis and inflammation response in the injured spinal cord tissues. In in vitro studies, BMSCs-derived exosomes significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL (interleukin)-1β and promoted the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10 and IL-4. Moreover, we found that LPS-induced protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) was significantly downregulated after treatment with BMSCs-derived exosomes. In in vivo studies, we found that hindlimb motor function was significantly improved in SCI rats with systemic administration of BMSCs-derived exosomes. We also observed that the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and pro-inflammatory factors was significantly decreased, while the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and anti-inflammatory factors were upregulated in SCI rats after exosome treatment. In conclusion, BMSCs-derived exosomes can inhibit apoptosis and inflammation response induced by injury and promote motor function recovery by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, which suggests that BMSCs-derived exosomes are expected to become a new therapeutic strategy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Xue VW, Yang C, Wong SCC, Cho WCS. Proteomic profiling in extracellular vesicles for cancer detection and monitoring. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000094. [PMID: 33665903 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-size lipid vesicles released by cells, which play essential biological functions in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence indicates that EVs participate in cancer development, including invasion, migration, metastasis, and cancer immune modulation. One of the key mechanisms is that EVs affect different cells in the tumor microenvironment through surface-anchor proteins and protein cargos. Moreover, proteins specifically expressed in tumor-derived EVs can be applied in cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Besides, the EV proteome also helps to understand drug resistance in cancers and to guide clinical medication. With the development of mass spectrometry and array-based multi-protein detection, the research of EV proteomics has entered a new era. The high-throughput parallel proteomic profiling based on these new platforms allows us to study the impact of EV proteome on cancer progression more comprehensively and to describe the proteomic landscape in cancers with more details. In this article, we review the role and function of different types of EVs in cancer progression. More importantly, we summarize the proteomic profiling of EVs based on different methods and the application of EV proteome in cancer detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang JM, Li YJ, Wu JY, Cai JX, Wen J, Xiang DX, Hu XB, Li WQ. Comparative evaluation of methods for isolating small extracellular vesicles derived from pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:37. [PMID: 33568197 PMCID: PMC7877077 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanosized vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communication. sEVs have been widely studied for clinical applications such as early detection of diseases and as therapeutics. Various methods for sEVs isolation are been using, but different methods may result in different qualities of sEVs and impact downstream analysis and applications. Here, we compared current isolation methods and performed a comparative analysis of sEVs from supernatant of cultured pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS Ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration and co-precipitation as concentration methods were firstly evaluated for yield, size, morphology and protein level of pellets. Then, isolate sEVs obtained by four different purification methods: size exclusion chromatography, density gradient ultracentrifugation, ultracentrifugation, and immunoaffinity capturing, were analysed and compared. RESULTS For the concentration process, ultracentrifugation method obtained high quality and high concentration of pellets. For the purification process, immunoaffinity capturing method obtained the purest sEVs with less contaminants, while density gradient ultracentrifugation-based method obtained sEVs with the smallest size. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct protein contents of purified sEVs from different methods. CONCLUSIONS For isolating sEVs derived from supernatant of cultured pancreatic cancer cell line, ultracentrifugation-based method is recommended for concentration of sEVs, density gradient ultracentrifugation-based method may be applied for obtaining purified sEVs with controlled size, immunoaffinity capturing may be suitable for studies requiring sEVs with high purity but may loss subtypes of sEVs without specific protein marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Xin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiong-Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Qun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ji X, Huang S, Zhang J, Bruce TF, Tan Z, Wang D, Zhu J, Marcus RK, Lubman DM. A novel method of high-purity extracellular vesicle enrichment from microliter-scale human serum for proteomic analysis. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:245-256. [PMID: 33169421 PMCID: PMC8018574 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid, low-cost, and simple separation strategy to separate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a small amount of serum (i.e.,<100 μL) with minimal contamination by serum proteins and lipoprotein particles to meet the high purity requirement for EV proteome analysis. EVs were separated by a novel polyester capillary channel polymer (PET C-CP) fiber phase/hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method which is rapid and can process small size samples. The collected EV fractions were subjected to a post-column cleanup protocol using a centrifugal filter to perform buffer exchange and eliminate potential coeluting non-EV proteins while minimizing EV sample loss. Downstream characterization demonstrated that our current strategy can separate EVs with the anticipated exosome-like particle size distribution and high yield (∼1 × 1011 EV particles per mL of serum) in approximately 15 min. Proteome profiling of the EVs reveals that a group of genuine EV components were identified that have significantly less high-abundance blood proteins and lipoprotein particle contamination in comparison to traditional separation methods. The use of this methodology appears to address the major challenges facing EV separation for proteomics analysis. In addition, the EV post-column cleanup protocol proposed in the current work has the potential to be combined with other separation methods, such as ultracentrifugation (UC), to further purify the separated EV samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ji
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Terri F. Bruce
- Department of Bioengineering, Life Sciences Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Zhijing Tan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donglin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R. Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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He X, Zhong X, Hu Z, Zhao S, Wei P, Li D. An insight into small extracellular vesicles: Their roles in colorectal cancer progression and potential clinical applications. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e249. [PMID: 33377655 PMCID: PMC7733319 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles containing a variety of bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. Recent evidence from CRC has revealed that sEVs contribute to tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance, and serve as a tool for "liquid biopsy" and a drug delivery system for therapy. In this review, we summarize information about the roles of sEVs in the proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, formation of the premetastatic niche, and drug resistance to elucidate the mechanisms governing sEVs in CRC and to identify novel targets for therapy and prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng He
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyang Zhong
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zijuan Hu
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of PathologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Senlin Zhao
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of PathologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Xu HK, Chen LJ, Zhou SN, Li YF, Xiang C. Multifunctional role of microRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in treatment of diseases. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1276-1294. [PMID: 33312398 PMCID: PMC7705472 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i11.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells can be replaced by exosomes for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, injury repair, degenerative diseases, and tumors. Exosomes are small vesicles rich in a variety of nucleic acids [including messenger RNA, Long non-coding RNA, microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA], proteins, and lipids. Exosomes can be secreted by most cells in the human body and are known to play a key role in the communication of information and material transport between cells. Like exosomes, miRNAs were neglected before their role in various activities of organisms was discovered. Several studies have confirmed that miRNAs play a vital role within exosomes. This review focuses on the specific role of miRNAs in MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) and the methods commonly used by researchers to study miRNAs in exosomes. Taken together, miRNAs from MSC-exosomes display immense potential and practical value, both in basic medicine and future clinical applications, in treating several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Kang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Si-Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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La Salvia S, Gunasekaran PM, Byrd JB, Erdbrügger U. Extracellular Vesicles in Essential Hypertension: Hidden Messengers. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:76. [PMID: 32880744 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension affects about half of all Americans, yet in the vast majority of cases, the factors causing the hypertension cannot be clearly delineated. Developing a more precise understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HTN and its various phenotypes is therefore a pressing priority. Circulating and urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential novel candidates as biomarkers and bioactivators in HTN. EVs are a heterogeneous population of small membrane fragments shed from various cell types into various body fluids. As EVs carry protein, RNA, and lipids, they also play a role as effectors and novel cell-to-cell communicators. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic, functional, and regenerative role of EVs in essential HTN and focus on EV protein and RNA cargo as the most extensively studied EV cargo. RECENT FINDINGS The field of EVs in HTN is still a young one and earlier studies have not used the novel EV detection tools currently available. More rigor and transparency in EV research are needed. Current data suggest that EVs represent potential novel biomarkers in HTN. EVs correlate with HTN severity and possibly end-organ damage. However, it has yet to be discerned which specific subtype(s) of EV reflects best HTN pathophysiology. Evolving studies are also showing that EVs might be novel regulators in vascular and renal tubular function and also be therapeutic. RNA in EVs has been studied in the context of hypertension, largely in the form of studies of miRNA, which are reviewed herein. Beyond miRNAs, mRNA in urinary EVs changed in response to sodium loading in humans. EVs represent promising novel biomarkers and bioactivators in essential HTN. Novel tools are being developed to apply more rigor in EV research including more in vivo models and translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina La Salvia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0133, USA.
| | - Pradeep Moon Gunasekaran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan Medical School, 5570C MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James Brian Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan Medical School, 5570C MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0133, USA
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Wu J, Shen Z. Exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic in lung cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6909-6922. [PMID: 32779402 PMCID: PMC7541138 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more studies report that exosomes released by various cells can serve as a medium for information exchange between different cells. Through a deep understanding of the physical and chemical properties of exosomes, the researchers revealed a more precise molecular mechanism of its participation in the process of intercellular communication. In particular, microRNA (miRNA) is found inside exosomes, as well as long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Extensive evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs participates in the occurrence and development of lung cancer and plays a variety of roles. Therefore, the release of RNA‐containing exosomes in many different kinds of body fluids has caused widespread interest among researchers. In this review, we report evidence from human studies involving miRNAs and other ncRNAs in exosomes associated with lung cancer as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Currently, there is a small amount of evidence that exosomal miRNAs can be used as early diagnosis and prognostic markers for lung cancer, and their exact role in lung cancer patients still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zuojun Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Wang L, Zhang L. Circulating Exosomal miRNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:53. [PMID: 32351363 PMCID: PMC7174585 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a group of diseases caused by chronic and progressive degeneration of neural tissue. The main pathological manifestations are neuronal degeneration and loss in the brain and/or spinal cord. Common NDDs include Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), Huntington disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The complicated pathological characteristics and different clinical manifestations of NDDs result in a lack of sensitive and efficient diagnostic methods. In addition, no sensitive biomarkers are available to monitor the course of NDDs, predict their prognosis, and monitor the therapeutic response. Despite extensive research in recent years, analysis of amyloid β (Aβ) and α-synuclein has failed to effectively improve NDD diagnosis. Although recent studies have indicated circulating miRNAs as promising diagnostic biomarkers of NDDs, the miRNA in the peripheral circulation is susceptible to interference by other components, making circulating miRNA results less consistent. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30-100 nm that transport proteins, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA. Because recent studies have shown that exosomes have a double-membrane structure that can resist ribonuclease in the blood, giving exosomal miRNA high stability and making them resistant to degradation, they may become an ideal biomarker of circulating fluids. In this review, we discuss the applicability of circulating exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers, highlight the technical aspects of exosomal miRNA analysis, and review studies that have used circulating exosomal miRNAs as candidate diagnostic biomarkers of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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