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Tayebati H, Pajoum Shariati F, Soltani N, Sepasi Tehrani H. Effect of various light spectra on amino acids and pigment production of Arthrospira platensis using flat-plate photobioreactor. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:1028-1039. [PMID: 34289777 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1941102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Today, the use of nutrients derived from natural bioactive compounds application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries is on the increase. This paper aimed to evaluate the amino acids profile (essential and non-essential) and pigments composition (chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and phycocyanin) of Arthrospira platensis (a blue-green microalga) cultivation in a flat-plate photobioreactor under various types of light-emitting diodes (red: 620-680 nm, white: 380-780 nm, yellow: 570-600nm, blue: 445-480 nm). The maximum biomass concentration (604.96 mg L-1) occurred when the red LED was applied for cultivation, and the minimum biomass concentration (279.39 mg L-1) was obtained under blue LED. The sequence of pigments and amino acids concentrations (mg L-1culture volume) was approximately in accordance with the biomass productivity. It means the red light produces the maximum concentration of pigments (chlorophyll a: 5.42, carotenoids: 2.92, phycocyanin: 67.54 mg L-1) and amino acids (essential amino acids: 110.47, nonessential amino acids: 179.10 mg L-1). Nevertheless, when these values were measured in mg per g of dry weight, the utmost contents were observed in microalgal products cultivated under blue LED. These consequences are due to the highest cell productivity and the most extended length of cells that occurred under red and blue LEDs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Tayebati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Pajoum Shariati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soltani
- Department of Petroleum Microbiology, Institute of Applied Science, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hessam Sepasi Tehrani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Guardado Yordi E, Pérez Martínez A, Radice M, Scalvenzi L, Abreu-Naranjo R, Uriarte E, Santana L, Matos MJ. Seaweeds as Source of Bioactive Pigments with Neuroprotective and/or Anti-Neurodegenerative Activities: Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:327. [PMID: 39057436 PMCID: PMC11277739 DOI: 10.3390/md22070327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The marine kingdom is an important source of a huge variety of scaffolds inspiring the design of new drugs. The complex molecules found in the oceans present a great challenge to organic and medicinal chemists. However, the wide variety of biological activities they can display is worth the effort. In this article, we present an overview of different seaweeds as potential sources of bioactive pigments with activity against neurodegenerative diseases, especially due to their neuroprotective effects. Along with a broad introduction to seaweed as a source of bioactive pigments, this review is especially focused on astaxanthin and fucoxanthin as potential neuroprotective and/or anti-neurodegenerative agents. PubMed and SciFinder were used as the main sources to search and select the most relevant scientific articles within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Guardado Yordi
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, 160101 Puyo, Ecuador; (E.G.Y.); (A.P.M.); (M.R.); (L.S.); (R.A.-N.)
| | - Amaury Pérez Martínez
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, 160101 Puyo, Ecuador; (E.G.Y.); (A.P.M.); (M.R.); (L.S.); (R.A.-N.)
| | - Matteo Radice
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, 160101 Puyo, Ecuador; (E.G.Y.); (A.P.M.); (M.R.); (L.S.); (R.A.-N.)
| | - Laura Scalvenzi
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, 160101 Puyo, Ecuador; (E.G.Y.); (A.P.M.); (M.R.); (L.S.); (R.A.-N.)
| | - Reinier Abreu-Naranjo
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, 160101 Puyo, Ecuador; (E.G.Y.); (A.P.M.); (M.R.); (L.S.); (R.A.-N.)
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.U.); (L.S.)
| | - Lourdes Santana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.U.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Joao Matos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.U.); (L.S.)
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3
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Demirden SF, Erdogan B, Öncel DŞ, Oncel SS. Effect of culture hydrodynamics on Arthrospira platensis production using a single-use photobioreactor system through a CFD supported approach. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3480. [PMID: 38766884 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Laboratory scale conventional single-use bioreactor was used to investigate the effect of different stirrer speeds on the Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis) culture. Experiments were handled in two steps. First step was the selection of the stirring speeds, which was simulated via using CFD, and the second was the long term cultivation with the selected speed. During 10 days of batches as the first step, under identical culture conditions, stirrer speed of 230 rpm gave higher results, compared to 130 and 70 rpm, with respect to dry biomass weight, absorbance value (AB) and chlorophyll-a concentration. Volumetric productivity during the growth phase of the cultures were calculated as 0.39 ± 0.03, 0.28 ± 0.01, and 0.19 ± 0.02 g L-1 d-1, from the fast to the slower speeds. According to the results a 17 day batch was handled with 230 rpm in order to monitor the effects on the culture. The culture reached a volumetric productivity of 0.33 ± 0.04 g L-1 d-1. Statistical analysis showed the significance of the parameters related with the stirring speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furkan Demirden
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Barıs Erdogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Deniz Şenyay Öncel
- Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suphi S Oncel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
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Liang W, Wei L, Wang Q, You W, Poetsch A, Du X, Lv N, Xu J. Knocking Out Chloroplastic Aldolases/Rubisco Lysine Methyltransferase Enhances Biomass Accumulation in Nannochloropsis oceanica under High-Light Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3756. [PMID: 38612566 PMCID: PMC11012178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rubisco large-subunit methyltransferase (LSMT), a SET-domain protein lysine methyltransferase, catalyzes the formation of trimethyl-lysine in the large subunit of Rubisco or in fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs). Rubisco and FBAs are both vital proteins involved in CO2 fixation in chloroplasts; however, the physiological effect of their trimethylation remains unknown. In Nannochloropsis oceanica, a homolog of LSMT (NoLSMT) is found. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that NoLSMT and other algae LSMTs are clustered in a basal position, suggesting that algal species are the origin of LSMT. As NoLSMT lacks the His-Ala/ProTrp triad, it is predicted to have FBAs as its substrate instead of Rubisco. The 18-20% reduced abundance of FBA methylation in NoLSMT-defective mutants further confirms this observation. Moreover, this gene (nolsmt) can be induced by low-CO2 conditions. Intriguingly, NoLSMT-knockout N. oceanica mutants exhibit a 9.7-13.8% increase in dry weight and enhanced growth, which is attributed to the alleviation of photoinhibition under high-light stress. This suggests that the elimination of FBA trimethylation facilitates carbon fixation under high-light stress conditions. These findings have implications in engineering carbon fixation to improve microalgae biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Liang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wei
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wuxin You
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
| | - Xuefeng Du
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nana Lv
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Rörig LR, Gressler PD, Tramontin DP, de Souza Schneider RDC, Derner RB, de Oliveira Bastos E, de Souza MP, Oliveira CYB. Biomass productivity and characterization of Tetradesmus obliquus grown in a hybrid photobioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:367-380. [PMID: 38407617 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of CO2 addition on the growth performance and biochemical composition of the green microalga Tetradesmus obliquus cultured in a hybrid algal production system (HAPS) were investigated. The HAPS combines the characteristics of tubular photobioreactors (towards a better carbon dioxide dissolution coefficient) with thin-layer cascade system (with a higher surface-to-volume ratio). Experimental batches were conducted with and without CO2 addition, and evaluated in terms of productivity and biomass characteristics (elemental composition, protein and lipid contents, pigments and fatty acids profiles). CO2 enrichment positively influenced productivity, and proteins, lipids, pigments and unsaturated fatty acids contents in biomass. The HAPS herein presented contributes to the optimization of microalgae cultures in open systems, since it allows, with a simple adaptation-a transit of the cultivation through a tubular portion where injection and dissolution of CO2 is efficient-to obtain in TLC systems, greater productivity and better-quality biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Rubi Rörig
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Diego Gressler
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Deise Parolo Tramontin
- Laboratório de Sistemas Porosos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Rosana de Cassia de Souza Schneider
- Centro de Excelência em Produtos e Processos Oleoquímicos e Biotecnológicos, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul-UNISC, Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Bianchini Derner
- Laboratório de Cultivo de Algas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Rua dos Coroas, 503, Barra da Lagoa, Florianópolis, SC, 88061-600, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Oliveira Bastos
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Maiara Priscilla de Souza
- Centro de Excelência em Produtos e Processos Oleoquímicos e Biotecnológicos, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul-UNISC, Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Yure B Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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Gao S, Chen W, Cao S, Sun P, Gao X. Microalgae as fishmeal alternatives in aquaculture: current status, existing problems, and possible solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16113-16130. [PMID: 38315337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Fishmeal is an indispensable ingredient for most aquatic animals. However, the finite supply and escalating price of fishmeal seriously limit its use in aquaculture. Thus the development of new, sustainable protein ingredients has been a research focus. Microalgae are potential fishmeal alternatives owing to their high protein content and balanced amino acid profile. Studies suggest that suitable replacement of fishmeal with microalgae is beneficial for fish growth performance, but excessive replacement would induce poor growth and feed utilization. Therefore, this paper aims to review research on the maximum substitutional level of fishmeal by microalgae and propose the main issues and possible solutions for fishmeal replacement by microalgae. The maximum replacement level is affected by microalgal species, fish feeding habits, quality of fishmeal and microalgal meals, and supplemental levels of fishmeal in the control group. Microalgae could generally replace 100%, 95%, 95%, 64.1%, 25.6%, and 18.6% fishmeal protein in diets of carp, shrimp, catfish, tilapia, marine fish, and salmon and trout, respectively. The main issues with fishmeal replacement using microalgae include low production and high production cost, poor digestibility, and anti-nutritional factors. Possible solutions to these problems are recommended in this paper. Overall, microalgae are promising fishmeal alternatives in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Shenping Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Xiaochan Gao
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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7
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Mugnai S, Derossi N, Hendlin Y. Algae communication, conspecific and interspecific: the concepts of phycosphere and algal-bacteria consortia in a photobioreactor (PBR). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2148371. [PMID: 36934349 PMCID: PMC10026891 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2148371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae in the wild often form consortia with other species promoting their own health and resource foraging opportunities. The recent application of microalgae cultivation and deployment in commercial photobioreactors (PBR) so far has focussed on single species of algae, resulting in multi-species consortia being largely unexplored. Reviewing the current status of PBR ecological habitat, this article argues in favor of further investigation into algal communication with conspecifics and interspecifics, including other strains of microalgae and bacteria. These mutualistic species form the 'phycosphere': the microenvironment surrounding microalgal cells, potentiating the production of certain metabolites through biochemical interaction with cohabitating microorganisms. A better understanding of the phycosphere could lead to novel PBR configurations, capable of incorporating algal-microbial consortia, potentially proving more effective than single-species algal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yogi Hendlin
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Babu Ponnusami A, Sinha S, Ashokan H, V Paul M, Hariharan SP, Arun J, Gopinath KP, Hoang Le Q, Pugazhendhi A. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) combined biological process for wastewater treatment: A review on advancements, feasibility and practicability of combined techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116944. [PMID: 37611785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Complexity of wastewater is the most challenging phenomenon on successful degradation of pollutant via any wastewater treatment regime. Upon availability of numerous techniques, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) is the most promising technique for treating industrial wastewater. Higher operating cost is the most promising factor that possess challenge for the industrial scale usage of the AOP process. Combination of biological process with AOP helps in achieving sustainable degradation of toxic pollutant in the wastewater. AOP result in complete or partial degradation of toxic emerging pollutants with the help of free radicals like hydroxyl, superoxide, hydroperoxyl and sulphate radicals. In addition to this the presence of bio-enzymes and microorganisms helps in sustainable degradation of pollutant in an economical and environmentally friendly strategy. In this review, a detailed discussion was conducted on various AOP, focusing on catalytic ozonation, electrochemical oxidation, Sono chemical and photocatalytic processes. With the need for sustainable solutions for wastewater treatment, the use of AOP in conjunction with biological process has innumerous opportunities for not only wastewater treatment but also the production of high value by-products. Further, the effect of AOP combined biological processes needs to be analyzed in real time for the different concentration of industrial wastewater and their benefits needs to be explored in future towards achieving SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Babu Ponnusami
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632 014, Tamilnadu , India
| | - Sanyukta Sinha
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632 014, Tamilnadu , India
| | - Hridya Ashokan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632 014, Tamilnadu , India
| | - Mathew V Paul
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632 014, Tamilnadu , India
| | - Sai Prashant Hariharan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632 014, Tamilnadu , India
| | - J Arun
- Centre for Waste Management, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K P Gopinath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Sathak Nagar, SH 49, Keelakarai, Tamil Nadu 623806
| | - Quynh Hoang Le
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
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9
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Virkkala T, Kosourov S, Rissanen V, Siitonen V, Arola S, Allahverdiyeva Y, Tammelin T. Bioinspired mechanically stable all-polysaccharide based scaffold for photosynthetic production. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8788-8803. [PMID: 37668222 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the construction of water-stable, biocompatible and self-standing hydrogels as scaffolds for the photosynthetic production of ethylene using a bioinspired all-polysaccharidic design combining TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) and a cereal plant hemicellulose called mixed-linkage glucan (MLG). We compared three different molecular weight MLGs from barley to increase the wet strength of TCNF hydrogels, and to reveal the mechanisms defining the favourable interactions between the scaffold components. The interactions between MLGs and TCNF were revealed via adsorption studies and interfacial rheology investigations using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Our results show that both the MLG solution stability and adsorption behaviour did not exactly follow the well-known polymer adsorption and solubility theories especially in the presence of co-solute ions, in this case nitrates. We prepared hydrogel scaffolds for microalgal immobilisation, and high wet strength hydrogels were achieved with very low dosages of MLG (0.05 wt%) to the TCNF matrix. The all-polysaccharic biocatalytic architectures remained stable and produced ethylene for 120 h with yields comparable to the state-of-the-art scaffolds. Due to its natural origin and biodegradability, MLG offers a clear advantage in comparison to synthetic scaffold components, allowing the mechanical properties and water interactions to be tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Virkkala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Sergey Kosourov
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Ville Rissanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Suvi Arola
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
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10
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Kenkel A, Karande R, Bühler K. Evaluating scaling of capillary photo-biofilm reactors for high cell density cultivation of mixed trophies artificial microbial consortia. Eng Life Sci 2023; 23:e2300014. [PMID: 37664011 PMCID: PMC10472910 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary biofilm reactors (CBRs) are attractive for growing photoautotrophic bacteria as they allow high cell-density cultivation. Here, we evaluated the CBR system's suitability to grow an artificial consortium composed of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Pseudomonas sp. VBL120. The impact of reactor material, flow rate, pH, O2, and medium composition on biomass development and long-term biofilm stability at different reactor scales was studied. Silicone was superior over other materials like glass or PVC due to its excellent O2 permeability. High flow rates of 520 μL min-1 prevented biofilm sloughing in 1 m capillary reactors, leading to a 54% higher biomass dry weight combined with the lowest O2 concentration inside the reactor compared to standard operating conditions. Further increase in reactor length to 5 m revealed a limitation in trace elements. Increasing trace elements by a factor of five allowed for complete surface coverage with a biomass dry weight of 36.8 g m-2 and, thus, a successful CBR scale-up by a factor of 25. Practical application: Cyanobacteria use light energy to upgrade CO2, thereby holding the potential for carbon-neutral production processes. One of the persisting challenges is low cell density due to light limitations and O2 accumulation often occurring in established flat panel or tubular photobioreactors. Compared to planktonic cultures, much higher cell densities (factor 10 to 100) can be obtained in cyanobacterial biofilms. The capillary biofilm reactor (CBR) offers good growth conditions for cyanobacterial biofilms, but its applicability has been shown only on the laboratory scale. Here, a first scale-up study based on sizing up was performed, testing the feasibility of this system for large-scale applications. We demonstrate that by optimizing nutrient supply and flow conditions, the system could be enlarged by factor 25 by enhancing the length of the reactor. This reactor concept, combined with cyanobacterial biofilms and numbering up, holds the potential to be applied as a flexible, carbon-neutral production platform for value-added compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Kenkel
- Department of Solar MaterialsHelmholtz Center for Environmental Research, UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Rohan Karande
- Research and Transfer Center for bioactive Matter b‐ACT, Institute of BiochemistryLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Katja Bühler
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyHelmholtz Center for Environmental Research, UFZLeipzigGermany
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11
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Levä T, Rissanen V, Nikkanen L, Siitonen V, Heilala M, Phiri J, Maloney TC, Kosourov S, Allahverdiyeva Y, Mäkelä M, Tammelin T. Mapping Nanocellulose- and Alginate-Based Photosynthetic Cell Factory Scaffolds: Interlinking Porosity, Wet Strength, and Gas Exchange. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3484-3497. [PMID: 37384553 PMCID: PMC10428157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
To develop efficient solid-state photosynthetic cell factories for sustainable chemical production, we present an interdisciplinary experimental toolbox to investigate and interlink the structure, operative stability, and gas transfer properties of alginate- and nanocellulose-based hydrogel matrices with entrapped wild-type Synechocystis PCC 6803 cyanobacteria. We created a rheological map based on the mechanical performance of the hydrogel matrices. The results highlighted the importance of Ca2+-cross-linking and showed that nanocellulose matrices possess higher yield properties, and alginate matrices possess higher rest properties. We observed higher porosity for nanocellulose-based matrices in a water-swollen state via calorimetric thermoporosimetry and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Finally, by pioneering a gas flux analysis via membrane-inlet mass spectrometry for entrapped cells, we observed that the porosity and rigidity of the matrices are connected to their gas exchange rates over time. Overall, these findings link the dynamic properties of the life-sustaining matrix to the performance of the immobilized cells in tailored solid-state photosynthetic cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka Levä
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Rissanen
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Heilala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Josphat Phiri
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Thaddeus C. Maloney
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sergey Kosourov
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular
Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Mäkelä
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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12
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Griehl C, Schmid A, Wilhelm C. Meilensteine in der Algenbiotechnologie. BIOSPEKTRUM : ZEITSCHRIFT DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR BIOLOGISHE CHEMIE (GBCH) UND DER VEREINIGUNG FUR ALLGEMEINE UND ANGEWANDTE MIKROBIOLOGIE (VAAM) 2023; 29:306-309. [PMID: 37275943 PMCID: PMC10230451 DOI: 10.1007/s12268-023-1942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in algal biotechnology has identified new products based on their broad evolutionary origin. Novel metabolites were found for pharmacy, food industry, medicine e.g. tumor suppression and antibiotics. However, sustainable and economical algal production for crude oil replacement is limited by extremely low space time yields in photobioreactors. The consequences are a high energy burden for mass flow dependent processes and the need of space being in conflict with sustainable landscape management. New concepts using algae not as biomass producers but as living catalysts may open new options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Griehl
- Kompetenzzentrum Algenbiotechnologie, Hochschule Anhalt, Köthen, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department Solare Materialien, UFZ Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Leipzig, D-04318 Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, Deutschland
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13
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Toepel J, Karande R, Klähn S, Bühler B. Cyanobacteria as whole-cell factories: current status and future prospectives. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 80:102892. [PMID: 36669448 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria as phototrophic microorganisms bear great potential to produce chemicals from sustainable resources such as light and CO2. Most studies focus on either strain engineering or tackling metabolic constraints. Recently gained knowledge on internal electron and carbon fluxes and their regulation provides new opportunities to efficiently channel cellular resources toward product formation. Concomitantly, novel photobioreactor concepts are developed to ensure sufficient light supply. This review summarizes the newest developments in the field of cyanobacterial engineering to finally establish photosynthesis-based production processes. A holistic approach tackling genetic, metabolic, and biochemical engineering in parallel is considered essential to turn their application into an ecoefficient and economically feasible option for a future green bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Toepel
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rohan Karande
- Research and Transfer Center for bioactive Matter b-ACTmatter, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Klähn
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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14
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Toepel J, Karande R, Bühler B, Bühler K, Schmid A. Photosynthesis driven continuous hydrogen production by diazotrophic cyanobacteria in high cell density capillary photobiofilm reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128703. [PMID: 36746214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is a promising fuel in the context of climate neutral energy carriers and photosynthesis-driven H2-production is an interesting option relying mainly on sunlight and water as resources. However, this approach depends on suitable biocatalysts and innovative photobioreactor designs to maximize cell performance and H2 titers. Cyanobacteria were used as biocatalysts in capillary biofilm photobioreactors (CBRs). We show that biofilm formation/stability depend on light and CO2 availabilityH2 production rates correlate with these parameters but differ between Anabaena and Nostoc. We demonstrate that high light and corresponding O2 levels influence biofilm stability in CBR. By adjusting these parameters, biofilm formation/stability could be enhanced, and H2 formation was stable for weeks. Final biocatalyst titers reached up to 100 g l-1 for N. punctiforme atcc 29133 NHM5 and Anabaena sp. pcc 7120 AMC 414. H2 production rates were up to 300 µmol H2 l-1h-1 and 3 µmol H2 gcdw-1h-1 in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Toepel
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rohan Karande
- Research and Transfer Center for bioactive Matter b-ACT(matter), University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Bühler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Light map optimization via direct chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in algal photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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16
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Kumar A, Baldia A, Rajput D, Kateriya S, Babu V, Dubey KK. Multiomics and optobiotechnological approaches for the development of microalgal strain for production of aviation biofuel and biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128457. [PMID: 36503094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Demand and consumption of fossil fuels is increasing daily, and oil reserves are depleting. Technological developments are required towards developing sustainable renewable energy sources and microalgae are emerging as a potential candidate for various application-driven research. Molecular understanding attained through omics and system biology approach empowering researchers to modify various metabolic pathways of microalgal system for efficient extraction of biofuel and important biomolecules. This review furnish insight into different "advanced approaches" like optogenetics, systems biology and multi-omics for enhanced production of FAS (Fatty Acid Synthesis) and lipids in microalgae and their associated challenges. These new approaches would be helpful in the path of developing microalgae inspired technological platforms for optobiorefinery, which could be explored as source material to produce biofuels and other valuable bio-compounds on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anshu Baldia
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Deepanshi Rajput
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vikash Babu
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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17
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Nordio R, Delgado FJ, Sánchez-Zurano A, Hernandez JG, Rodríguez-Miranda E, Guzmán JL, Lafarga T, Acién G. Long-term assessment of the nutrient recovery capacity and biomass productivity of Scenedesmus almeriensis in raceway reactors using unprocessed urban wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128374. [PMID: 36423751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to assess the treatment of unprocessed urban wastewater using the microalga Scenedesmus almeriensis. Two 12 m3 raceway reactors, one supplemented by wastewater and the second by chemical fertilizer, operating outdoors in a semi-continuous mode, were used for eight months. Results suggested that S. almeriensis can be produced in wastewater without affecting the photosynthetic apparatus reaching a productivity of 13 g·m-2·day-1 on average in both the systems. Furthermore, the nutrient content in terms of nitrogen, phosphorous and chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater was reduced under the European limitations during most of the period, with an average removal rate of 2.2, 0.2 and 3.0 g·m-2·day-1 respectively. Therefore, raceways demonstrated a high potential for microalgal production and successful biotreatment, proving robust and reliable. Finally, the effect of environmental conditions on biomass productivity of the clean system was evaluated in a model with high accuracy (R2 = 0.9, p = 0.0002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Nordio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | | | - Ana Sánchez-Zurano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | - José Luis Guzmán
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain; Department of Informatics, Universidad de Almería, ceiA3, E04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Tomás Lafarga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Gabriel Acién
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
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18
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Lindberg P, Kenkel A, Bühler K. Introduction to Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 183:1-24. [PMID: 37009973 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are highly interesting microbes with the capacity for oxygenic photosynthesis. They fulfill an important purpose in nature but are also potent biocatalysts. This chapter gives a brief overview of this diverse phylum and shortly addresses the functions these organisms have in the natural ecosystems. Further, it introduces the main topics covered in this volume, which is dealing with the development and application of cyanobacteria as solar cell factories for the production of chemicals including potential fuels. We discuss cyanobacteria as industrial workhorses, present established chassis strains, and give an overview of the current target products. Genetic engineering strategies aiming at the photosynthetic efficiency as well as approaches to optimize carbon fluxes are summarized. Finally, main cultivation strategies are sketched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Lindberg
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amelie Kenkel
- Helmholtzcenter for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Bühler
- Helmholtzcenter for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Helmy M, Elhalis H, Liu Y, Chow Y, Selvarajoo K. Perspective: Multiomics and Machine Learning Help Unleash the Alternative Food Potential of Microalgae. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1-11. [PMID: 36811582 PMCID: PMC9780023 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Food security has become a pressing issue in the modern world. The ever-increasing world population, ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and political conflicts together with climate change issues make the problem very challenging. Therefore, fundamental changes to the current food system and new sources of alternative food are required. Recently, the exploration of alternative food sources has been supported by numerous governmental and research organizations, as well as by small and large commercial ventures. Microalgae are gaining momentum as an effective source of alternative laboratory-based nutritional proteins as they are easy to grow under variable environmental conditions, with the added advantage of absorbing carbon dioxide. Despite their attractiveness, the utilization of microalgae faces several practical limitations. Here, we discuss both the potential and challenges of microalgae in food sustainability and their possible long-term contribution to the circular economy of converting food waste into feed via modern methods. We also argue that systems biology and artificial intelligence can play a role in overcoming some of the challenges and limitations; through data-guided metabolic flux optimization, and by systematically increasing the growth of the microalgae strains without negative outcomes, such as toxicity. This requires microalgae databases rich in omics data and further developments on its mining and analytics methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Helmy
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore; Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hosam Elhalis
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemistry, Energy and Environment (ISCE(2)), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Chow
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kumar Selvarajoo
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore; Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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20
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Ghaffar I, Deepanraj B, Sundar LS, Vo DVN, Saikumar A, Hussain A. A review on the sustainable procurement of microalgal biomass from wastewaters for the production of biofuels. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137094. [PMID: 36334745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of microalgal biomass as one of the most promising and renewable sources for the production of biofuels is being studied extensively. Microalgal biomass can be cultivated under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, photoheterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation conditions. Photoautotrophic cultivation is the most common way of microalgal biomass production. Under mixotrophic cultivation, microalgae can utilize both organic carbon and CO2 simultaneously. Mixotrophic cultivation depicts higher biomass productivity as compared to photoautotrophic cultivation. It is evident from the literature that mixotrophic cultivation yields higher quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids as compared to that photoautotrophic cultivation. In this context, for economical biomass production, the organic carbon of industrial wastewaters can be valorized for the mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae. Following the way, contaminants' load of wastewaters can be reduced while concomitantly producing highly productive microalgal biomass. This review focuses on different aspects covering the sustainable cultivation of different microalgal species in different types of wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imania Ghaffar
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Balakrishnan Deepanraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lingala Syam Sundar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Algam Saikumar
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ali Hussain
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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21
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Enhanced Algal Biomass Production in a Novel Electromagnetic Photobioreactor (E-PBR). Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Chanquia SN, Vernet G, Kara S. Photobioreactors for cultivation and synthesis: Specifications, challenges, and perspectives. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:712-724. [PMID: 36514531 PMCID: PMC9731602 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their versatility and the high biomass yield produced, cultivation of phototrophic organisms is an increasingly important field. In general, open ponds are chosen to do it because of economic reasons; however, this strategy has several drawbacks such as poor control of culture conditions and a considerable risk of contamination. On the other hand, photobioreactors are an attractive choice to perform cultivation of phototrophic organisms, many times in a large scale and an efficient way. Furthermore, photobioreactors are being increasingly used in bioprocesses to obtain valuable chemical products. In this review, we briefly describe different photobioreactor set-ups, including some of the recent designs, and their characteristics. Additionally, we discuss the current challenges and advantages that each different type of photobioreactor presents, their applicability in biocatalysis and some modern modeling tools that can be applied to further enhance a certain process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago N. Chanquia
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupDepartment of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Guillem Vernet
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupDepartment of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupDepartment of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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23
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Bozan M, Popp D, Kallies R, da Rocha UN, Klähn S, Bühler K. Whole-genome sequence of the filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacterium Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 and its comparison with non-diazotrophic Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7601. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042437. [PMID: 36425037 PMCID: PMC9679502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are highly promising microorganisms in forthcoming biotechnologies. Besides the systematic development of molecular tools for genetic engineering, the design of chassis strains and novel reactor concepts are in focus. The latter includes capillary biofilm reactors (CBR), which offer a high surface area-to-volume ratio and very high cell densities. In this context, Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 was found to be highly suited for this reactor system due to maximal surface coverage, extraordinarily strong biofilm attachment, and high biomass formation. Here, we provide the genome sequence of Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 to potentially allow targeted strain engineering. Surprisingly, it was almost identical to an available incomplete genome draft of Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7601. Thus, we completely sequenced this strain as well and compared it in detail to strain PCC 7712. Comparative genome analysis revealed 257 and 80 unique protein-coding sequences for strains PCC 7601 and PCC 7712, respectively. Clustering genomes based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 16S rRNA homology showed 99.98% similarity and only minor distance, respectively, between the two strains in contrast to 21 other cyanobacterial genomes. Despite these high similarities, both strains differ in the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and show specific sequence variations, which are discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Bozan
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denny Popp
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rene Kallies
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulisses Nunes da Rocha
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Klähn
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Bühler
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Xie Y, Khoo KS, Chew KW, Devadas VV, Phang SJ, Lim HR, Rajendran S, Show PL. Advancement of renewable energy technologies via artificial and microalgae photosynthesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127830. [PMID: 36029982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There has been an urgent need to tackle global climate change and replace conventional fuels with alternatives from sustainable sources. This has led to the emergence of bioenergy sources like biofuels and biohydrogen extracted from microalgae biomass. Microalgae takes up carbon dioxide and absorbs sunlight, as part of its photosynthesis process, for growth and producing useful compounds for renewable energy. While, the developments in artificial photosynthesis to a chemical process that biomimics the natural photosynthesis process to fix CO2 in the air. However, the artificial photosynthesis technology is still being investigated for its implementation in large scale production. Microalgae photosynthesis can provide the same advantages as artificial photosynthesis, along with the prospect of having final microalgae products suitable for various application. There are significant potential to adapt either microalgae photosynthesis or artificial photosynthesis to reduce the CO2 in the climate and contribute to a cleaner and green cultivation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Xie
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vishno Vardhan Devadas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sue Jiun Phang
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Jalan Venna P5/2, Precinct 5, 62200 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ren Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tarapacá, Avda. General Velasquez, 1775 Arica, Chile
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India.
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25
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Torzillo G, Zittelli GC, Cicchi B, Diano M, Parente M, Benavides AMS, Esposito S, Touloupakis E. Effect of plate distance on light conversion efficiency of a Synechocystis culture grown outdoors in a multiplate photobioreactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156840. [PMID: 35750183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the performance of a vertical multiplate photobioreactor is analyzed and presented. The photobioreactor consisted of 20 vertical plates (1 m2 each) connected by manifolds and a working volume of 1300 L. The total area occupied (footprint) was 10 m2, while the illuminated area was 40 m2, therefore the ratio of illuminated area to volume ratio was about 30 m-1. The performance of the photobioreactor was evaluated using a culture of Synechocystis PCC 6803, circulated by a centrifuge pump. The results showed that the amount of light captured by the photobioreactor at a plate spacing of 0.5 m was 90.2 % of the light incident on the horizontal surface, while at a plate spacing of 1.0 m, 50.3 % was captured. The corresponding biomass yield, calculated based on the ground area occupied by the reactor, was 26.0 g m-2 day-1 and 7.2 g m-2 day-1, when the plates were spaced at 0.5 m and 1.0 m respectively. Therefore, the light conversion efficiency calculated based on the ground area was significantly higher in the configuration with a plate spacing of 0.5 m, reaching 5.43 % based on PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), and 2.44 % based on solar radiation, giving a value 3.7 higher than when the plates were spaced 1.0 m apart. It was concluded that the light conversion efficiency might be further improved by reducing the plate spacing while also reducing the culture light path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Torzillo
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Firenze, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Del Mar y Limnologίa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Graziella Chini Zittelli
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Bernardo Cicchi
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marcello Diano
- M2M Engineering sas, Via Coroglio, Science Center, Business Innovation Center, Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Parente
- M2M Engineering sas, Via Coroglio, Science Center, Business Innovation Center, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Margarita Silva Benavides
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Del Mar y Limnologίa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José 2060, Costa Rica; Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Serena Esposito
- M2M Engineering sas, Via Coroglio, Science Center, Business Innovation Center, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
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Malihan‐Yap L, Grimm HC, Kourist R. Recent Advances in Cyanobacterial Biotransformations. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Malihan‐Yap
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Hanna C. Grimm
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Kourist
- Graz University of Technology Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz 8010 Graz Austria
- ACIB GmbH 8010 Graz Austria
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27
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Prospects of cyanobacterial pigment production: biotechnological potential and optimization strategies. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bioenergy, Biofuels, Lipids and Pigments—Research Trends in the Use of Microalgae Grown in Photobioreactors. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This scientometric review and bibliometric analysis aimed to characterize trends in scientific research related to algae, photobioreactors and astaxanthin. Scientific articles published between 1995 and 2020 in the Web of Science and Scopus bibliographic databases were analyzed. The article presents the number of scientific articles in particular years and according to the publication type (e.g., articles, reviews and books). The most productive authors were selected in terms of the number of publications, the number of citations, the impact factor, affiliated research units and individual countries. Based on the number of keyword occurrences and a content analysis of 367 publications, seven leading areas of scientific interest (clusters) were identified: (1) techno-economic profitability of biofuels, bioenergy and pigment production in microalgae biorefineries, (2) the impact of the construction of photobioreactors and process parameters on the efficiency of microalgae cultivation, (3) strategies for increasing the amount of obtained lipids and obtaining biodiesel in Chlorella microalgae cultivation, (4) the production of astaxanthin on an industrial scale using Haematococcus microalgae, (5) the productivity of biomass and the use of alternative carbon sources in microalgae culture, (6) the effect of light and carbon dioxide conversion on biomass yield and (7) heterotrophy. Analysis revealed that topics closely related to bioenergy production and biofuels played a dominant role in scientific research. This publication indicates the directions and topics for future scientific research that should be carried out to successfully implement economically viable technology based on microalgae on an industrial scale.
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Capson-Tojo G, Batstone DJ, Grassino M, Hülsen T. Light attenuation in enriched purple phototrophic bacteria cultures: Implications for modelling and reactor design. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118572. [PMID: 35569276 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light attenuation in enriched purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) cultures has not been studied, and its understanding is critical for proper process modelling and reactor design, especially for scaled systems. This work evaluated the effect of different biomass concentrations, reactor configurations, wastewater matrices, and growth conditions, on the attenuation extent of near infra-red (NIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) light spectra. The results show that increased biomass concentrations lead to higher light attenuation, and that PPB absorb both VIS and NIR wavelengths, with both fractions of the spectrum being equally absorbed at biomass concentrations above 1,000 g COD·m-3. A flat plate configuration showed less attenuation compared with cylindrical reactors illuminated from the top, representative for open ponds. Neither a complex wastewater matrix nor the presence of polyhydroxyalkanoates (under nutrient limited conditions) affected light attenuation significantly. The pigment concentration (both bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids) however, had a strong effect, with significant attenuation in the presence of pigments. Attenuation predictions using the Lambert-Beer law (excluding scattering) and the Schuster model (including scattering) indicated that light scattering had a minimal effect. A proposed mathematical model, based on the Lambert-Beer law and a Monod function for light requirements, allowed effective prediction of the kinetics of photoheterotrophic growth. This resulted in a half saturation coefficient of 4.6 W·m-2. Finally, the results showed that in dense outdoor PPB cultures (≥1,000 g COD·m-3), effective light penetration is only 5 cm, which biases design away from horizontal lagoons, and towards non-incident multi-panel systems such as flat plate reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Capson-Tojo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Maria Grassino
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tim Hülsen
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Kumar S, Khammash M. Platforms for Optogenetic Stimulation and Feedback Control. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:918917. [PMID: 35757811 PMCID: PMC9213687 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.918917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the potential of optogenetics in biology requires methodologies from different disciplines ranging from biology, to mechatronics engineering, to control engineering. Light stimulation of a synthetic optogenetic construct in a given biological species can only be achieved via a suitable light stimulation platform. Emerging optogenetic applications entail a consistent, reproducible, and regulated delivery of light adapted to the application requirement. In this review, we explore the evolution of light-induction hardware-software platforms from simple illumination set-ups to sophisticated microscopy, microtiter plate and bioreactor designs, and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. Here, we examine design approaches followed in performing optogenetic experiments spanning different cell types and culture volumes, with induction capabilities ranging from single cell stimulation to entire cell culture illumination. The development of automated measurement and stimulation schemes on these platforms has enabled researchers to implement various in silico feedback control strategies to achieve computer-controlled living systems—a theme we briefly discuss in the last part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sant Kumar
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Khammash
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
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Hejna M, Kapuścińska D, Aksmann A. Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Review on Eco-Toxicology and the Remediation Potential of Algae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7717. [PMID: 35805373 PMCID: PMC9266021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the aquatic environment has become a worldwide problem. The widespread use of pesticides, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals through anthropogenic activities has increased the emission of such contaminants into wastewater. Pharmaceuticals constitute a significant class of aquatic contaminants and can seriously threaten the health of non-target organisms. No strict legal regulations on the consumption and release of pharmaceuticals into water bodies have been implemented on a global scale. Different conventional wastewater treatments are not well-designed to remove emerging contaminants from wastewater with high efficiency. Therefore, particular attention has been paid to the phycoremediation technique, which seems to be a promising choice as a low-cost and environment-friendly wastewater treatment. This technique uses macro- or micro-algae for the removal or biotransformation of pollutants and is constantly being developed to cope with the issue of wastewater contamination. The aims of this review are: (i) to examine the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water, and their toxicity on non-target organisms and to describe the inefficient conventional wastewater treatments; (ii) present cost-efficient algal-based techniques of contamination removal; (iii) to characterize types of algae cultivation systems; and (iv) to describe the challenges and advantages of phycoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Aksmann
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.H.); (D.K.)
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32
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Techno-economic modelling of high-value metabolites and secondary products from microalgae cultivated in closed photobioreactors with supplementary lighting. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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You X, Yang L, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Sustainability and carbon neutrality trends for microalgae-based wastewater treatment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112860. [PMID: 35123965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the global economy develops and the population increases, greenhouse gas emissions and wastewater discharge have become inevitable global problems. Conventional wastewater treatment processes produce direct or indirect greenhouse gas, which can intensify global warming. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment technology can not only purify wastewater and use the nutrients in wastewater to produce microalgae biomass, but it can also absorb CO2 in the atmosphere or flue gas through photosynthesis, which demonstrates great potential as a sustainable and economical wastewater treatment technology. This review highlights the multifaceted roles of microalgae in different types of wastewater treatment processes in terms of the extent of their bioremediation function and microalgae biomass production. In addition, various newly developed microalgae cultivation systems, especially biofilm cultivation systems, were further characterized systematically. The performance of different microalgae cultivation systems was studied and summarized. Current research on the technical approaches for the modification of the CO2 capture by microalgae and the maximization of CO2 transfer and conversion efficiency were also reviewed. This review serves as a useful and informative reference for the application of wastewater treatment and CO2 capture by microalgae, aiming to provide a reference for the realization of carbon neutrality in wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Libin Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, 200092, China
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34
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Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have been frequently applied to model the growth conditions in photobioreactors, which are affected in a complex way by multiple, interacting physical processes. We review common photobioreactor types and discuss the processes occurring therein as well as how these processes have been considered in previous CFD models. The analysis reveals that CFD models of photobioreactors do often not consider state-of-the-art modeling approaches. As a comprehensive photobioreactor model consists of several sub-models, we review the most relevant models for the simulation of fluid flows, light propagation, heat and mass transfer and growth kinetics as well as state-of-the-art models for turbulence and interphase forces, revealing their strength and deficiencies. In addition, we review the population balance equation, breakage and coalescence models and discretization methods since the predicted bubble size distribution critically depends on them. This comprehensive overview of the available models provides a unique toolbox for generating CFD models of photobioreactors. Directions future research should take are also discussed, mainly consisting of an extensive experimental validation of the single models for specific photobioreactor geometries, as well as more complete and sophisticated integrated models by virtue of the constant increase of the computational capacity.
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Benner P, Meier L, Pfeffer A, Krüger K, Oropeza Vargas JE, Weuster-Botz D. Lab-scale photobioreactor systems: principles, applications, and scalability. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:791-813. [PMID: 35303143 PMCID: PMC9033726 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phototrophic microorganisms that convert carbon dioxide are being explored for their capacity to solve different environmental issues and produce bioactive compounds for human therapeutics and as food additives. Full-scale phototrophic cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria can be done in open ponds or closed photobioreactor systems, which have a broad range of volumes. This review focuses on laboratory-scale photobioreactors and their different designs. Illuminated microtiter plates and microfluidic devices offer an option for automated high-throughput studies with microalgae. Illuminated shake flasks are used for simple uncontrolled batch studies. The application of illuminated bubble column reactors strongly emphasizes homogenous gas distribution, while illuminated flat plate bioreactors offer high and uniform light input. Illuminated stirred-tank bioreactors facilitate the application of very well-defined reaction conditions. Closed tubular photobioreactors as well as open photobioreactors like small-scale raceway ponds and thin-layer cascades are applied as scale-down models of the respective large-scale bioreactors. A few other less common designs such as illuminated plastic bags or aquarium tanks are also used mainly because of their relatively low cost, but up-scaling of these designs is challenging with additional light-driven issues. Finally, this review covers recommendations on the criteria for photobioreactor selection and operation while up-scaling of phototrophic bioprocesses with microalgae or cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Benner
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Chair of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lisa Meier
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Annika Pfeffer
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Konstantin Krüger
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - José Enrique Oropeza Vargas
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Chair of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, TUM-AlgaeTec Center, 85521, Taufkirchen, Germany.
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36
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Bioprocess Strategy of Haematococcus lacustris for Biomass and Astaxanthin Production Keys to Commercialization: Perspective and Future Direction. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematococcus lacustris (formerly called Haematococcus pluvialis) is regarded as the most promising microalgae for the production of natural astaxanthin, which is secondary metabolism used as a dietary supplement, also for cosmetic applications, due to its high anti-oxidant activity. Astaxanthin has a wide range of biological activities and high economic potential, and currently dominates the market in its synthetic form. Furthermore, because of the difficulty of bioprocess and the high cost of cultivation, astaxanthin extracted from this microalga is still expensive due to its low biomass and pigment productivities. Large-scale biomass production in biotechnological production necessitates the processing of a large number of cultures as well as the use of both indoor and outdoor systems, such as open pond raceway systems and photo-bioreactors (PBR). The photo-bioreactors systems are suitable for mass production because growth conditions can be controlled, and the risk of contamination can be reduced to a certain extent and under specific culture parameters. This review discusses current technologies being developed to improve cultivation and operation efficiency and profitability, as well as the effect of parameter factors associated with H. lacustris cultivation on biomass and astaxanthin bioproduction, and even strategies for increasing bioproduction and market potential for H. lacustris astaxanthin.
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Sendzikiene E, Makareviciene V. Application of Liquid Waste from Biogas Production for Microalgae Chlorella sp. Cultivation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071206. [PMID: 35406770 PMCID: PMC8997393 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biomass is a viable feedstock for a wide range of industries. Recently, there has also been interest in the ability of microalgae biomass applications for biofuel production. In the meantime, the cultivation of microalgae biomass requires high energy costs, and the application of microalgae for technical purposes is still problematic. A significant part of the cost of biomass arises from the nutrients used for cultivation. Chemical compounds included in the microalgae cultivation media can be replaced by suitable wastes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements. This could reduce the microalgae biomass cultivation price and allow cheaper biomass to be used for biofuel production. The aim of this work was to comprehensively investigate and optimize the growth process of microalgae using liquid waste (liquid waste after biogas production from sewage sludge and distillers’ grain) as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus, and technical glycerol as a carbon source. It was found that higher levels of waste in the cultivation media were found to inhibit the accumulation of microalgal biomass, with the optimum level corresponding to a nitrogen concentration of 0.08 g/L. The influence of technical glycerol from biodiesel production on the yield of microalgal biomass was investigated, and it was found that the addition of 6% glycerol allows an increase in the concentration of microalgal biomass in the cultivation media, from 18.1 to 20.6%.
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Sharma P, Gujjala LKS, Varjani S, Kumar S. Emerging microalgae-based technologies in biorefinery and risk assessment issues: Bioeconomy for sustainable development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152417. [PMID: 34923013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater treatment is of paramount importance considering the safety of the aquatic ecosystem and its associated health risk to humankind inhabiting near the water bodies. Microalgae-based technologies for remediation of environmental pollutants present avenues for bioenergy applications and production of value-added biochemicals having pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, antioxidants, carbohydrate, phenolics, long-chain multi-faceted fatty acids, enzymes, and proteins which are considered healthy supplements for human health. Such a wide range of products put up a good case for the biorefinery concept. Microalgae play a pivotal role in degrading complex pollutants, such as organic and inorganic contaminants thereby efficiently removing them from the environment. In addition, microalgal species, such as Botryococcus braunii, Tetraselmis suecica, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Neochloris oleoabundans, Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira, Chlorella, and Tetraselmis sp., etc., are also reported for generation of value-added products. This review presents a holistic view of microalgae based biorefinery starting from cultivation and harvesting of microalgae, the potential for remediation of environmental pollutants, bioenergy application, and production of value-added biomolecules. Further, it summarizes the current understanding of microalgae-based technologies and discusses the risks involved, potential for bioeconomy, and outlines future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | | | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India.
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Sivakumar R, Sachin S, Priyadarshini R, Ghosh S. Sustainable production of EPA-rich oil from microalgae: Towards an algal biorefinery. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4170-4185. [PMID: 35238451 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of sustainable natural resources such as microalgae has been considered for the production of biofuels, aquaculture feed, high-value bioactives such as omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, etc. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid present in fish oil, which is of physiological importance to both humans and fishes. Marine microalgae are sustainable sources of lipid rich in EPA and different species have been explored for the production of EPA as a single product. There has been a rising interest in the concept of a multi-product biorefinery, focusing on maximum valorization of the algal biomass. Targeting one or more value-added compounds in a biorefinery scenario can improve the commercial viability of low-value products like triglycerides for biofuel. This approach has been viewed by technologists and experts as a sustainable and economically feasible possibility for the large-scale production of microalgae for its potential applications in biodiesel and jet fuel production, nutraceuticals, animal and aquaculture feeds, etc. In this review paper, we describe the recent developments in the production of high-value EPA-rich oil from microalgae, emphasizing on the upstream and downstream bioprocess techniques, and the advantages of considering an EPA-rich oil based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Sivakumar
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sharika Sachin
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Rajashri Priyadarshini
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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40
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Todisco E, Louveau J, Thobie C, Dechandol E, Hervé L, Titica M, Pruvost J. A dynamic model for temperature prediction in a façade-integrated photobioreactor. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Bozan M, Schmid A, Bühler K. Evaluation of self-sustaining cyanobacterial biofilms for technical applications. Biofilm 2022; 4:100073. [PMID: 35434604 PMCID: PMC9006728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are potent microorganisms for sustainable photo-biotechnological production processes, as they are depending mainly on water, light, and carbon dioxide. Persisting challenges preventing their application include low biomass, as well as insufficient process stability and productivity. Here, we evaluate different cyanobacteria to be applied in a novel capillary biofilm reactor. Cultivated as biofilms, the organisms self-immobilize to the reactor walls, reach high biomass and enable long and robust production processes. As ‘best performer’ Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 emerged from this study. It reached the highest biomass in the reactors with 62.6 ± 6.34 gBDWL−1, produced 0.14 μmole H2 mgChl a−1h−1 under N2-fixing conditions, showed optimal surface coverage of the available growth surface, and only minor detachment in contrast to other tested species, highlighting its potential for photobiotechnology in the near future. Testing biofilm forming ability of selected cyanobacterial strains in a technical setting. Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 shows the highest biomass, 62.6 ± 6.34 gBDWL−1, the lowest detachment, and high surface coverage. Continuous H2 production under N2 fixation conditions. Tolypothrix sp. PCC 7712 as new photo-biotechnology workhorse.
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Walther J, Erdmann N, Stoffel M, Wastian K, Schwarz A, Strieth D, Muffler K, Ulber R. Passively immobilized cyanobacteria Nostoc species BB 92.2 in a moving bed photobioreactor (MBPBR): design, cultivation and characterization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1467-1482. [PMID: 35211957 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. BB 92.3. had shown antibacterial activity. A cultivation as biofilm, a self-forming matrix of cells and extracellular polymeric substances, increased the antibacterial effect. A new photobioreactor system was developed that allows a surface-associated cultivation of Nostoc sp. as biofilm. High-density polyethylene carriers operated as a moving bed were selected as surface for biomass immobilization. This system, well established in heterotrophic wastewater treatment, was for the first time used for phototrophic biofilms. The aim was a cultivation on a large scale without inhibiting growth while maximizing immobilization. Cultivation in a small photobioreactor (1.5 L) with different volumetric filling degrees of carriers (13.4-53.8 %) in a batch process achieved immobilization rates of 70-85 % and growth was similar to a no-carrier-control. In a larger photobioreactor (65-liter) essentially all of the biomass was immobilized on the carriers and the space-time yield of biomass (0.018 gcell dry weight L-1 day-1 ) was competitive compared to phototrophic biofilm cultivations from literature. The use of carriers increased the gas exchange in the reactor by a factor of 2.5-3, but doubled the mixing time. Enriched gassing with carbon dioxide resulted in a short-term increase in growth rate, but unexpectedly it also adversely changed the growth morphology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Walther
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Niklas Erdmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Stoffel
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katharina Wastian
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anna Schwarz
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Berlinstr. 109, 55411, Bingen, Germany
| | - Dorina Strieth
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kai Muffler
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, Berlinstr. 109, 55411, Bingen, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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The Effects of Photobioreactor Type on Biomass and Lipid Production of the Green Microalga Monoraphidium pusillum in Laboratory Scale. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mass production of microorganisms, algae among them, for new bioactive compounds and renewable innovative products is a current issue in biotechnology. The greatest challenge of basic research on this topic is to find the best solution for both physiology and scalability. In this study, the main goal was to highlight the contradictions of physiological and technological optimization in the same, relatively small, laboratory scale. The green alga Monoraphidium pusillum (Printz) Komárková-Legnorová was cultured in a conventional Erlenmeyer flask (as air bubbled in a tank-type photobioreactor) and in a hybrid (fermenter type + helical tubular type) photobioreactor of the same volume (2.8 L). Higher cell numbers from 1.7–2.3-fold, 2–2.8-fold higher dry masses, and 1.9–2.6-fold higher total lipid contents (mg·L−1) were measured in the tank reactor than in the hybrid reactor. Cultures in the conventional tank reactor were characterized with better nutrient utilization (42.8–77.7% higher phosphate uptake) and more diverse lipid composition than in the hybrid reactor. The study highlights that well-scalable arrangements and settings could be not optimal (or unsuitable in some cases) from a physiological point of view. The results suggest certain developmental directions for complex, well-scalable devices and highlight the importance of testing the gained physiological optima on these systems.
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Sá M, Ferrer-Ledo N, Gao F, Bertinetto CG, Jansen J, Crespo JG, Wijffels RH, Barbosa M, Galinha CF. Perspectives of fluorescence spectroscopy for online monitoring in microalgae industry. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1824-1838. [PMID: 35175653 PMCID: PMC9151345 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae industrial production is viewed as a solution for alternative production of nutraceuticals, cosmetics, biofertilizers, and biopolymers. Throughout the years, several technological advances have been implemented, increasing the competitiveness of microalgae industry. However, online monitoring and real-time process control of a microalgae production factory still require further development. In this mini-review, non-destructive tools for online monitoring of cellular agriculture applications are described. Still, the focus is on the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor several parameters (cell concentration, pigments, and lipids) in the microalgae industry. The development presented makes it the most promising solution for monitoring up-and downstream processes, different biological parameters simultaneously, and different microalgae species. The improvements needed for industrial application of this technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sá
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands.,Stichting imec Nederland - OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, 6708WH, The Netherlands
| | - Narcis Ferrer-Ledo
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Fengzheng Gao
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo G Bertinetto
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (Analytical Chemistry), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Jansen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (Analytical Chemistry), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - João G Crespo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Rene H Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, N-8049, Norway
| | - Maria Barbosa
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia F Galinha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
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Sandmann M, Münzberg M, Bressel L, Reich O, Hass R. Inline monitoring of high cell density cultivation of Scenedesmus rubescens in a mesh ultra-thin layer photobioreactor by photon density wave spectroscopy. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:54. [PMID: 35168633 PMCID: PMC8845379 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Due to multiple light scattering that occurs inside and between cells, quantitative optical spectroscopy in turbid biological suspensions is still a major challenge. This includes also optical inline determination of biomass in bioprocessing. Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy, a technique based on multiple light scattering, enables the independent and absolute determination of optical key parameters of concentrated cell suspensions, which allow to determine biomass during cultivation. Results A unique reactor type, called “mesh ultra-thin layer photobioreactor” was used to create a highly concentrated algal suspension. PDW spectroscopy measurements were carried out continuously in the reactor without any need of sampling or sample preparation, over 3 weeks, and with 10-min time resolution. Conventional dry matter content and coulter counter measurements have been employed as established offline reference analysis. The PBR allowed peak cell dry weight (CDW) of 33.4 g L−1. It is shown that the reduced scattering coefficient determined by PDW spectroscopy is strongly correlated with the biomass concentration in suspension and is thus suitable for process understanding. The reactor in combination with the fiber-optical measurement approach will lead to a better process management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-05943-2.
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Malik S, Kishore S, Prasad S, Shah MP. A comprehensive review on emerging trends in industrial wastewater research. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:296-309. [PMID: 35132661 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization is one of the intricate factors that is linked to the depletion of water resources and increased generation of wastewater. Due to various obstructions and impediments, such as ineffective treatment solutions, exorbitant prices, lack of basic amenities, insufficient financial assistance, and technical expertise, sustainable treatment of industrial effluents has become an onerous process in most parts of the world. The majority of current treatment solutions are conventional and outdated, and thus fall short to remove all the contaminants efficiently from the industrial wastewater. Moreover, poorly treated or untreated industrial effluents are indiscriminately dumped into water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, causing substantial health hazards to humans and animals and serious threats to the aquatic ecosystem. Thus, there is a need for highly efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable technologies for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Employment of microbial technologies such as microbial fuel cells and microalgal technologies, treatment of wastewater can be coupled with the production of bioelectricity and valuable biomass, respectively. Moreover, with nanofiltration and biochar technologies, the efficiency of the overall treatment procedure can be increased to a greater extent. The present review aims to highlight opportunities and challenges associated with some of the emerging trends in industrial wastewater research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shilpa Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Maulin P Shah
- Environmental Technology Lab, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
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The Oxygen Paradigm—Quantitative Impact of High Concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen on Kinetics and Large-Scale Production of Arthrospira platensis. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of Arthrospira platensis in tubular photobioreactors (tPBRs) presents a promising approach for the commercial production of nutraceuticals and food products as it can achieve high productivity and effective process control. In closed photobioreactors, however, high amounts of photosynthetically produced oxygen can accumulate. So far, there has been a wide range of discussion on how dissolved oxygen concentrations (DOCs) affect bioprocess kinetics, and the subject has mainly been assessed empirically. In this study, we used photorespirometry to quantify the impact of DOCs on the growth kinetics and phycocyanin content of the widely cultivated cyanobacterium A. platensis. The photorespirometric routine revealed that the illumination intensity and cell dry weight concentration are important interconnected process parameters behind the impact that DOCs have on the bioprocess kinetics. Unfavorable process conditions such as low biomass concentrations or high illumination intensities yielded significant growth inhibition and reduced the phycocyanin content of A. platensis by up to 35%. In order to predict the biomass productivity of the large-scale cultivation of A. platensis in tPBRs, a simple process model was extended to include photoautotrophic oxygen production and accumulation in the tPBR to evaluate the performance of two configurations of a 5000 L tPBR.
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Abiusi F, Trompetter E, Pollio A, Wijffels RH, Janssen M. Acid Tolerant and Acidophilic Microalgae: An Underexplored World of Biotechnological Opportunities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820907. [PMID: 35154060 PMCID: PMC8829295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their large number and diversity, microalgae from only four genera are currently cultivated at large-scale. Three of those share common characteristics: they are cultivated mainly autotrophically and are extremophiles or tolerate “extreme conditions.” Extreme growth conditions aid in preventing contamination and predation of microalgae, therefore facilitating outdoor cultivation. In search for new extremophilic algae suitable for large-scale production, we investigated six microalgal strains able to grow at pH below 3 and belonging to four genera; Stichococcus bacillaris ACUF158, Chlamydomonas acidophila SAG 2045, and Chlamydomonas pitschmannii ACUF238, Viridiella fridericiana ACUF035 and Galdieria sulphuraria ACUF064 and ACUF074. All strains were cultivated autotrophically at light intensity of 100 and 300 μmol m−2 s−1 and pH between 1.9 and 2.9. The autotrophic biomass productivities were compared with one of the most productive microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana SAG 211-8K, grown at pH 6.8. The acid tolerant strains have their autotrophic biomass productivities reported for the first time. Mixotrophic and heterotrophic properties were investigated when possible. Five of the tested strains displayed autotrophic biomass productivities 10–39% lower than Chlorella sorokiniana but comparable with other commercially relevant neutrophilic microalgae, indicating the potential of these microalgae for autotrophic biomass production under acidic growth conditions. Two acid tolerant species, S. bacillaris and C. acidophila were able to grow mixotrophically with glucose. Chlamydomonas acidophila and the two Galdieria strains were also cultivated heterotrophically with glucose at various temperatures. Chlamydomonas acidophila failed to grow at 37°C, while G. sulphuraria ACUF64 showed a temperature optimum of 37°C and G. sulphuraria ACUF74 of 42°C. For each strain, the biomass yield on glucose decreased when cultivated above their optimal temperature. The possible biotechnological applications of our findings will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Abiusi
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Fabian Abiusi,
| | - Egbert Trompetter
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rene H. Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Marcel Janssen
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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On-Line Monitoring of Biological Parameters in Microalgal Bioprocesses Using Optical Methods. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are promising sources of fuels and other chemicals. To operate microalgal cultivations efficiently, process control based on monitoring of process variables is needed. On-line sensing has important advantages over off-line and other analytical and sensing methods in minimizing the measurement delay. Consequently, on-line, in-situ sensors are preferred. In this respect, optical sensors occupy a central position since they are versatile and readily implemented in an on-line format. In biotechnological processes, measurements are performed in three phases (gaseous, liquid and solid (biomass)), and monitored process variables can be classified as physical, chemical and biological. On-line sensing technologies that rely on standard industrial sensors employed in chemical processes are already well-established for monitoring the physical and chemical environment of an algal cultivation. In contrast, on-line sensors for the process variables of the biological phase, whether biomass, intracellular or extracellular products, or the physiological state of living cells, are at an earlier developmental stage and are the focus of this review. On-line monitoring of biological process variables is much more difficult and sometimes impossible and must rely on indirect measurement and extensive data processing. In contrast to other recent reviews, this review concentrates on current methods and technologies for monitoring of biological parameters in microalgal cultivations that are suitable for the on-line and in-situ implementation. These parameters include cell concentration, chlorophyll content, irradiance, and lipid and pigment concentration and are measured using NMR, IR spectrophotometry, dielectric scattering, and multispectral methods. An important part of the review is the computer-aided monitoring of microalgal cultivations in the form of software sensors, the use of multi-parameter measurements in mathematical process models, fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks. In the future, software sensors will play an increasing role in the real-time estimation of biological variables because of their flexibility and extendibility.
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Fernández Del Olmo P, Acién FG, Fernández-Sevilla JM. Productivity analysis in tubular photobioreactors using a dynamic photosynthesis model coupled to computational fluid dynamics particle tracking. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126277. [PMID: 34752890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tubular photobioreactors (TPBRs) are closed devices used for the mass culture of microalgae. TPBRs are supposed to be well-mixed, but the influence of their specific fluid dynamics in photosynthesis efficiency has never been studied in detail. Here, we use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupled to a dynamic photosynthesis model to analyze the efficiency of the photosynthetic response in the loop of TPBRs of different sizes (14, 24, 44, 64, and 84 mm) and circulation velocities (0.4 to 1 m s-1). The results show that only the smallest diameters cause enough radial mixing for a photosynthesis-enhancing light regime (integration factor Γ = 0.199 for D = 14 mm and v = 1 m s-1) while high circulation velocities in larger diameters (up to 1 m s-1) increase operating costs but do not enhance photosynthetic productivity. It is also shown the relevance of the characteristic frequency of the strain (β), which is crucial for high productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fernández Del Olmo
- Institute for Research in Agriculture and Fisheries, Junta de Andalucía, E04720 Almería, Spain
| | - F G Acién
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería / Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J M Fernández-Sevilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería / Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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