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Ahuja V, Chauhan S, Purewal SS, Mehariya S, Patel AK, Kumar G, Megharaj M, Yang YH, Bhatia SK. Microbial alchemy: upcycling of brewery spent grains into high-value products through fermentation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:1367-1385. [PMID: 38163946 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2286430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Spent grains are one of the lignocellulosic biomasses available in abundance, discarded by breweries as waste. The brewing process generates around 25-30% of waste in different forms and spent grains alone account for 80-85% of that waste, resulting in a significant global waste volume. Despite containing essential nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, fatty acids, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, efficient and economically viable valorization of these grains is lacking. Microbial fermentation enables the valorization of spent grain biomass into numerous commercially valuable products used in energy, food, healthcare, and biomaterials. However, the process still needs more investigation to overcome challenges, such as transportation, cost-effective pretreatment, and fermentation strategy. to lower the product cost and to achieve market feasibility and customer affordability. This review summarizes the potential of spent grains valorization via microbial fermentation and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Ahuja
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Shikha Chauhan
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sukhvinder Singh Purewal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Karačić S, Palmer B, Gee CT, Bierbaum G. Oxygen-dependent biofilm dynamics in leaf decay: an in vitro analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6728. [PMID: 38509138 PMCID: PMC10955112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are important in the natural process of plant tissue degradation. However, fundamental knowledge of biofilm community structure and succession on decaying leaves under different oxygen conditions is limited. Here, we used 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the composition, temporal dynamics, and community assembly processes of bacterial and fungal biofilms on decaying leaves in vitro. Leaves harvested from three plant species were immersed in lake water under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in vitro for three weeks. Biofilm-covered leaf samples were collected weekly and investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that community composition differed significantly between biofilm samples under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, though not among plant species. Over three weeks, a clear compositional shift of the bacterial and fungal biofilm communities was observed. The alpha diversity of prokaryotes increased over time in aerobic assays and decreased under anaerobic conditions. Oxygen availability and incubation time were found to be primary factors influencing the microbial diversity of biofilms on different decaying plant species in vitro. Null models suggest that stochastic processes governed the assembly of biofilm communities of decaying leaves in vitro in the early stages of biofilm formation and were further shaped by niche-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Karačić
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Brianne Palmer
- Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology, Division of Paleontology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carole T Gee
- Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology, Division of Paleontology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Sivagurunathan P, Sahoo PC, Kumar M, Prakash Gupta R, Bhattacharyya D, Ramakumar S. Effect of nano-metal doped calcium peroxide on biomass pretreatment and green hydrogen production from rice straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129489. [PMID: 37460017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, calcium peroxide was modified and doped with metal-based nanoparticles (NP) to enhance the efficiency of pretreatment and biohydrogen generation from RS. The findings revealed that the addition of MnO2-CaO2 NPs (at a dosage of 0.02 g/g TS of RS) had a synergistic effect on the breakdown of biomass and the production of biohydrogen. This enhancement resulted in a maximum hydrogen yield (HY) of 58 mL/g TS, accompanied by increased concentrations of acetic acid (2117 mg/L) and butyric acid (1325 mg/L). In contrast, RS that underwent pretreatment without the use of chemicals or NP exhibited a lower HY of 28 mL/g TS, along with the lowest concentrations of acetic acid (1062 mg/L) and butyric acid (697 mg/L). The outcome showed that supplementation of NP stimulated the pretreatment of RS and improved the formation of acetic and butyric acid through the regulation of metabolic pathways during acidogenic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Sivagurunathan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Research & Development Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
| | - Prakash C Sahoo
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Research & Development Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Research & Development Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India.
| | - Ravi Prakash Gupta
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Research & Development Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
| | - Debasis Bhattacharyya
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Research & Development Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
| | - Ssv Ramakumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Research & Development Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
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