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Soldi KC, Londero JEL, Schavinski CR, Schuch AP. Genotoxicity of surface waters in Brazil. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 888:503638. [PMID: 37188436 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Brazil has abundant surface water resources, huge aquatic biodiversity and is home to 213 million people. Genotoxicity assays are sensitive tools to detect the effects of contaminants in surface waters and wastewaters, as well as to determine potential risks of contaminated waters to aquatic organisms and human health. This work aimed to survey the articles published in 2000-2021 that evaluated the genotoxicity of surface waters within Brazilian territory to unveil the profile and trends of this topic over time. In our searches, we considered articles focused on assessing aquatic biota, articles that conducted experiments with caged organisms or standardized tests in the aquatic sites, as well as articles that transported water or sediment samples from aquatic sites to the laboratory, where exposures were performed with organisms or standardized tests. We retrieved geographical information on the aquatic sites evaluated, the genotoxicity assays used, the percentage of genotoxicity detected, and, when possible, the causative agent of aquatic pollution. A total of 248 articles were identified. There was a trend of increase in the number of publications and annual diversity of hydrographic regions evaluated over time. Most articles focused on rivers from large metropolises. A very low number of articles were conducted on coastal and marine ecosystems. Water genotoxicity was detected in most articles, regardless of methodological approach, even in little-studied hydrographic regions. The micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay were widely applied with blood samples, mainly derived from fish. Allium and Salmonella tests were the most frequently used standard protocols. Despite most articles did not confirm polluting sources and genotoxic agents, the detection of genotoxicity provides useful information for the management of water pollution. We discuss key points to be assessed to reach a more complete picture of the genotoxicity of surface waters in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Costa Soldi
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - James Eduardo Lago Londero
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Ricardo Schavinski
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - André Passaglia Schuch
- Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Reyes-Rodríguez MDLÁ, Santos-Cruz LF, García-Castro C, Durán-Díaz Á, Castañeda-Partida L, Dueñas-García IE, Heres-Pulido ME, Rodríguez-Mercado JJ. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of two thallium compounds using the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07087. [PMID: 34136682 PMCID: PMC8176319 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is a heavy and toxic metal and a byproduct of several human activities, such as cement production, mining, and coal combustion. Thallium is found in fruits, vegetables, and animal fodder with high Tl contamination; therefore, it is an environmental pollution issue and a toxicological contamination problem for human beings and other organisms when exposed to it. The mutagenic potential of Tl and its compounds is controversial, and there are few in vivo studies on its effects. We conducted the animal bioassay Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) to test for genotoxicity and assessed the genotoxic effects of Tl acetate (TlCH3COO) and Tl sulfate (Tl2SO4) on Drosophila melanogaster. Third instar larvae from the SMART standard cross (ST) were fed Tl acetate [0.2, 2, 20, 200, 600 and 1200 μM] and Tl sulfate [0.2, 2, 20, 200, and 600 μM]. Hexavalent chromium [CrO3, 500 μM] served as the positive control, and Milli-Q water served as the negative control. Only the high Tl2SO4 [600 μM] concentration resulted in genotoxicity with 87.6% somatic recombination, and both salts disrupted cell division of wing imaginal disc cells, showing the expected cytotoxic effects. Genotoxic risks due to high metal levels by bioaccumulation of Tl+1 or its compounds require further evaluation with other in vivo and in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Reyes-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Santos-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos García-Castro
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ángel Durán-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Castañeda-Partida
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Irma Elena Dueñas-García
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Heres-Pulido
- Laboratorio de Genética Toxicológica, Matemáticas, Biología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Juan José Rodríguez-Mercado
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIE-Z), FES Zaragoza, Campus II, UNAM, Iztapalapa, C.P. 15000, CdMx, Mexico
- Corresponding author.
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Khantamat O, Dukaew N, Karinchai J, Chewonarin T, Pitchakarn P, Temviriyanukul P. Safety and bioactivity assessment of aqueous extract of Thai Henna ( Lawsonia inermis Linn.) Leaf. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:298-312. [PMID: 33375906 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1866129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide demand for a natural dye by the cosmetic and food industry has recently gained interest. To provide scientific data supporting the usage of Thai henna leaf as a natural colorant, the phytochemical constituents, safety, and bioactivity of aqueous extract of the henna leaf by autoclave (HAE) and hot water (HHE) were determined. HAE contained a higher amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents than HHE. The major constituents in both extracts were ferulic acid, gallic acid, and luteolin. The extracts displayed no marked mutagenic activity both in vitro and in vivo mammalian-like biotransformation. HAE and HHE also exhibited non-cytotoxicity to human immortalized keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line with IC20 and IC50 > 200 μg/ml. The extracts exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced by significant scavenging of ABTS and DPPH radicals and decreasing NO levels in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts might be attributed to their phenolic and flavonoid contents. In conclusion, the traditional use of henna as a natural dye appears not to exert toxic effects and seems biosecure. Regarding safety, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, the aqueous extract of Thai henna leaf might thus serve as a readily available source for utilization in commercial health industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orawan Khantamat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Dukaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jirarat Karinchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutritional Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Dos Santos Moysés F, Bertoldi K, Lovatel G, Vaz S, Ferreira K, Junqueira J, Bagatini PB, Rodrigues MAS, Xavier LL, Siqueira IR. Effects of tannery wastewater exposure on adult Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26387-26395. [PMID: 28948433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the effects of exposure to tannery wastewater on mortality and/or antioxidant enzyme system in adult wild-type Canton-S Drosophila melanogaster. Exposure to tannery wastewater induced a concentration-dependent lethality in adult Canton-S flies. Tannery wastewater was able to alter antioxidant enzyme activities, specifically glutathione peroxidase-like and glutathione S-transferase, in adult Canton-S D. melanogaster. We conclude that D. melanogaster is a reliable model to evaluate the toxicity induced by tannery wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dos Santos Moysés
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas- Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Bertoldi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas- Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele Lovatel
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Vaz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Junqueira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pamela Brambilla Bagatini
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas- Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas- Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Olegário de Campos Júnior E, da Silva Oliveira RG, Pereira BB, Souto HN, Campos CF, Nepomuceno JC, Morelli S. Assessment of genotoxic, mutagenic, and recombinogenic potential of water resources in the Paranaíba River basin of Brazil: A case study. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:1190-1200. [PMID: 27767391 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1228490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to certain pollutants induces a series of alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that may result in genotoxic/mutagenic effects in exposed individuals. The present study aimed to monitor genotoxic, mutagenic, and recombinogenic potential and consequently water quality in two streams in the Paranaíba River basin in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using two bioindicator fish (Rhamdia quelen and Geophagus brasiliensis). The micronucleus (MN) test and somatic recombination and mutation test (SMART) were employed to assess DNA damage. The water quality index (WQI) at the reference site control (S1) due to its proximity to the river source was compared to Córrego do Óleo (S2) with respect to chemical parameter levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved-oxygen rates (DO), and total solid and fecal coliform counts. These chemical parameters were above the permitted limits at Córrego do Óleo (S2). At a third site, Córrego Liso (S3), a poor WQI was detected, attributed to the influence of domestic and industrial activities where BOD, DO, total solid, fecal coliform, total phosphorus, and turbidity rates exceeded premissible limits. The MN frequencies and the numbers of MN per cell (CMN) at sites S2 and S3 were significantly higher than those at S1 in both species. It is of interest that the increased frequency of MN was similar to the positive control cyclophosphamide only at S3, suggesting that the effects of water contaminants were most severe at this site. At sites assessed (S2 and S3), there was a significant rise in somatic mutation and recombination in the wings of Drosophila melanogaster, indicating the presence of trace elements, mainly lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), in the effluents in the Paranaíba River basin sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- c Institute of Geography, Department of Geography , Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Henrique Nazareth Souto
- a Department of Genetics and Biochemistry , INGEB, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Campos
- a Department of Genetics and Biochemistry , INGEB, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar Nepomuceno
- b Mutagenesis and Cytogenetics Laboratory, University Center of Patos de Minas , Patos de Minas , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Sandra Morelli
- a Department of Genetics and Biochemistry , INGEB, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Pimenta VMSD, da Silva JM, Nepomuceno JC, Pavanin LA. In situ assessment of the paraguay river water, in Brazilian Pantanal, by means of micronucleus assay with fish and chemical analysis. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 90:427-433. [PMID: 23283532 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess water quality in a stretch of the Paraguay River within the Brazilian Pantanal by means of a micronucleus assay with fish, and by water and sediment physicochemical analysis. Significant increases (p >0.05) in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and micronucleated cells (MNC) occurred in erythrocytes of Pimelodus maculatus and Leporinus friderici at two river sites in the town of Caceres relative to an upstream reference site. The results demonstrate that the Paraguay River water near Caceres has been receiving genotoxic effluents, which may be associated with the presence of chromium, sulfides, oil and grease, and/or other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Maria Sartini Dutra Pimenta
- Institute of Natural and Technological Sciences, University of the State of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina Campus, Br 158 km 635, Nova Xavantina, MT, 78690-000, Brazil
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