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Tang N, Luo X, Ding Z, Shi Y, Cao X, Wu S. Single-Cell Multi-Dimensional data analysis reveals the role of ARL4C in driving rheumatoid arthritis progression and Macrophage polarization dynamics. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112987. [PMID: 39182267 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an enduring autoimmune inflammatory condition distinguished by continual joint inflammation, hyperplasia of the synovium, erosion of bone, and deterioration of cartilage.Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) exhibiting "tumor-like" traits are central to this mechanism.ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4c (ARL4C) functions as a Ras-like small GTP-binding protein, significantly impacting tumor migration, invasion, and proliferation.However, it remains uncertain if ARL4C participates in the stimulation of RA FLSs exhibiting "tumor-like" features, thereby fostering the advancement of RA. In our investigation, we unveiled, for the inaugural instance, via the amalgamated scrutiny of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and Bulk RNA sequencing (Bulk-seq) datasets, that activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) showcase high expression of ARL4C, and the ARL4C protein expression in FLSs derived from RA patients significantly surpasses that observed in individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) and traumatic injury (trauma).Silencing of the ARL4C gene markedly impeded the proliferation of RA FLSs by hindered the transition of cells from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase, and intensified cell apoptosis and diminished the migratory and invasive capabilities. Co-culture of ARL4C gene-silenced RA FLSs with monocytes/macrophages significantly inhibited the polarization of monocytes/macrophages toward M1 and the repolarization of M2 to M1.Furthermore, intra-articular injection of shARL4C significantly alleviated synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. In conclusion, our discoveries propose that ARL4C assumes a central role in the synovial inflammation, cartilage degradation, and bone erosion associated with RA by triggering the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways within RA FLSs.ARL4C holds promise as a prospective target for the development of pharmaceutical agents targeting FLSs, with the aim of addressing RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhiyu Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Wright AP, Harris S, Madden S, Reyes BR, Mulamula E, Gibson A, Rauch I, Constant DA, Nice TJ. Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) determines intestinal epithelial cell development and immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:633-650. [PMID: 38604478 PMCID: PMC11323225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) responses to interferon (IFN) favor antiviral defense with minimal cytotoxicity, but IEC-specific factors that regulate these responses remain poorly understood. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of nine related transcription factors, and IRF6 is preferentially expressed by epithelial cells, but its roles in IEC immunity are unknown. In this study, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) screens found that Irf6 deficiency enhanced IFN-stimulated antiviral responses in transformed mouse IECs but not macrophages. Furthermore, knockout (KO) of Irf6 in IEC organoids resulted in profound changes to homeostasis and immunity gene expression. Irf6 KO organoids grew more slowly, and single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing indicated reduced expression of genes in epithelial differentiation and immunity pathways. IFN-stimulated gene expression was also significantly different in Irf6 KO organoids, with increased expression of stress and apoptosis-associated genes. Functionally, the transcriptional changes in Irf6 KO organoids were associated with increased cytotoxicity upon IFN treatment or inflammasome activation. These data indicate a previously unappreciated role for IRF6 in IEC biology, including regulation of epithelial development and moderation of innate immune responses to minimize cytotoxicity and maintain barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Wright
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sydney Harris
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shelby Madden
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Bryan Ramirez Reyes
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ethan Mulamula
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alexis Gibson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David A Constant
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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3
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Nakako Y, Hasegawa K, Fujii S, Kami Y, Sakamoto T, Sakamoto M, Moriyama M, Kurppa KJ, Heikinheimo K, Yoshiura K, Kawano S, Kiyoshima T. Wnt/β-catenin-YAP axis in the pathogenesis of primary intraosseous carcinoma NOS, deriving from odontogenic keratocyst. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155420. [PMID: 38908335 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Odontogenic tumors (OGTs), which originate from cells of odontogenic apparatus and their remnants, are rare entities. Primary intraosseous carcinoma NOS (PIOC), is one of the OGTs, but it is even rarer and has a worse prognosis. The precise characteristics of PIOC, especially in immunohistochemical features and its pathogenesis, remain unclear. We characterized a case of PIOC arising from the left mandible, in which histopathological findings showed a transition from the odontogenic keratocyst to the carcinoma. Remarkably, the tumor lesion of this PIOC prominently exhibits malignant attributes, including invasive growth of carcinoma cell infiltration into the bone tissue, an elevated Ki-67 index, and lower signal for CK13 and higher signal for CK17 compared with the non-tumor region, histopathologically and immunohistopathologically. Further immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated increased expression of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like 4c (ARL4C) (accompanying expression of β-catenin in the nucleus) and yes-associated protein (YAP) in the tumor lesion. On the other hand, YAP was expressed and the expression of ARL4C was hardly detected in the non-tumor region. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR analysis using RNAs and dot blot analysis using genomic DNA showed the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and epigenetic alterations, such as an increase of 5mC levels and a decrease of 5hmC levels, in the tumor lesion. A DNA microarray and a gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that various types of intracellular signaling would be activated and several kinds of cellular functions would be altered in the pathogenesis of PIOC. Experiments with the GSK-3 inhibitor revealed that β-catenin pathway increased not only mRNA levels of ankyrin repeat domain1 (ANKRD1) but also protein levels of YAP and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. These results suggested that further activation of YAP signaling by Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be associated with the pathogenesis of PIOC deriving from odontogenic keratocyst in which YAP signaling is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakako
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, and Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland.
| | - Yukiko Kami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Sakamoto
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sakamoto
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Moriyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kari J Kurppa
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, and Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Kristiina Heikinheimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Finland
| | - Kazunori Yoshiura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Matsumoto S, Kikuchi A. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in liver biology and tumorigenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:466-481. [PMID: 38379098 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls fundamental physiological and pathological processes by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway enables liver homeostasis by inducing differentiation and contributes to liver-specific features such as metabolic zonation and regeneration. In contrast, abnormalities in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway promote the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Similarly, hepatoblastoma, the most common childhood liver cancer, is frequently associated with β-catenin mutations, which activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. HCCs with activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have unique gene expression patterns and pathological and clinical features. Accordingly, they are highly differentiated with retaining hepatocyte-like characteristics and tumorigenic. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HCC also alters the state of immune cells, causing "immune evasion" with inducing resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have recently become widely used to treat HCC. Activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling exhibits these phenomena in liver tumorigenesis through the expression of downstream target genes, and the molecular basis is still poorly understood. In this review, we describe the physiological roles of Wnt/b-catenin signaling and then discuss their characteristic changes by the abnormal activation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling. Clarification of the mechanism would contribute to the development of therapeutic agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsumoto
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center of Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Zhang M, Xiang F, Sun Y, Liu R, Li Q, Gu Q, Kang X, Wu R. Ursolic acid inhibits the metastasis of colon cancer by downregulating ARL4C expression. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:27. [PMID: 38131251 PMCID: PMC10777457 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, is known to exhibit various biological activities and anticancer effects. However, the underlying anticancer mechanism is not fully understood to date. The present study aimed to investigate the antimetastatic effect of UA through ADP‑ribosylation factor like GTPase 4C (ARL4C) in colon cancer. A lung metastasis model of colon cancer in nude mice was established through tail vein injection. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was used to investigate the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Transwell assays were used to detect cell migration and invasion. The expression levels of proteins including ARL4C, matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), phosphorylated (p)‑AKT and p‑mTOR were measured using western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the protein expression level in tissues. ARL4C ubiquitination levels were analysed using immunoprecipitation and western blotting. The results indicated that UA inhibits the metastasis of colon cancer in vivo and in vitro. The expression of ARL4C in human colon cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues and its high expression level was associated with lymph node metastases and tumour stage. UA treatment significantly decreased ARL4C and MMP2 protein levels and inhibited the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Overexpression of ARL4C reversed the inhibitory effect of UA on the invasion and migration of HCT‑116 and SW480 cells, as well as the expression and secretion of MMP2 protein. In addition, UA and an AKT signalling pathway inhibitor (LY294002) induced the ubiquitination of the ARL4C protein, which was reversed by a proteasome inhibitor (MG‑132). Collectively, it was revealed in the present study that UA served as a novel solution to relieve colon cancer metastasis by inducing the ubiquitination‑mediated degradation of ARL4C by modulating the AKT signalling pathway. Thus, UA may be a promising treatment option to prolong the survival of patients with colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Fenfen Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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6
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Fujii S, Hasegawa K, Maehara T, Kurppa KJ, Heikinheimo K, Warner KA, Maruyama S, Tajiri Y, Nör JE, Tanuma JI, Kawano S, Kiyoshima T. Wnt/β-catenin-C-kit axis may play a role in adenoid cystic carcinoma prognostication. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155148. [PMID: 38277753 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common malignant salivary gland tumors. ACC is composed of myoepithelial and epithelial neoplastic cells which grow slowly and have a tendency for neural invasion. The long term prognosis is still relatively poor. Although several gene abnormalities, such as fusions involving MYB or MYBL1 oncogenes and the transcription factor gene NFIB, and overexpression of KIT have been reported in ACC, their precise functions in the pathogenesis of ACC remain unclear. We recently demonstrated that the elevated expression of Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), specifically expressed in myoepithelial neoplastic cells, might function as a novel oncogene-related molecule to enhance cell proliferation through activated AKT signaling in 9/10 (90%) ACC cases. In the current study, the patient with ACC whose tumor was negative for SEMA3A in the previous study, revisited our hospital with late metastasis of ACC to the cervical lymph node eight years after surgical resection of the primary tumor. We characterized this recurrent ACC, and compared it with the primary ACC using immunohistochemical methods. In the recurrent ACC, the duct lining epithelial cells, not myoepithelial neoplastic cells, showed an elevated Ki-67 index and increased cell membrane expression of C-kit, along with the expression of phosphorylated ERK. Late metastasis ACC specimens were not positive for β-catenin and lymphocyte enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), which were detected in the nuclei of perineural infiltrating cells in primary ACC cells. In addition, experiments with the GSK-3 inhibitor revealed that β-catenin pathway suppressed not only KIT expression but also proliferation of ACC cells. Moreover, stem cell factor (SCF; also known as KIT ligand, KITL) induced ERK activation in ACC cells. These results suggest that inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may promote C-kit-ERK signaling and cell proliferation of in metastatic ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, and Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland.
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Maehara
- Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kari J Kurppa
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, and Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Kristiina Heikinheimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Kristy A Warner
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Yudai Tajiri
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Fukuokahigashi Medical Center, 1-1-1 Chidori, Koga, Fukuoka 811-3195, Japan
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Truong TTK, Fujii S, Nagano R, Hasegawa K, Kokura M, Chiba Y, Yoshizaki K, Fukumoto S, Kiyoshima T. Arl4c is involved in tooth germ development through osteoblastic/ameloblastic differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 679:167-174. [PMID: 37703759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Murine tooth germ development proceeds in continuous sequential steps with reciprocal interactions between the odontogenic epithelium and the adjacent mesenchyme, and several growth factor signaling pathways and their activation are required for tooth germ development. The expression of ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)-like 4c (Arl4c) has been shown to induce cell proliferation, and is thereby involved in epithelial morphogenesis and tumorigenesis. In contrast, the other functions of Arl4c (in addition to cellular growth) are largely unknown. Although we recently demonstrated the involvement of the upregulated expression of Arl4c in the proliferation of ameloblastomas, which have the same origin as odontogenic epithelium, its effect on tooth germ development remains unclear. In the present study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that the expression of Arl4c, among 17 members of the Arf-family, was specifically detected in odontogenic epithelial cells, such as those of the stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum and outer enamel epithelium, of postnatal day 1 (P1) mouse molars. scRNA-seq analysis also demonstrated the higher expression of Arl4c in non-ameloblast and inner enamel epithelium, which include immature cells, of P7 mouse incisors. In the mouse tooth germ rudiment culture, treatment with SecinH3 (an inhibitor of the ARNO/Arf6 pathway) reduced the size, width and cusp height of the tooth germ and the thickness of the eosinophilic layer, which would involve the synthesis of dentin and enamel matrix organization. In addition, loss-of-function experiments using siRNAs and shRNA revealed that the expression of Arl4c was involved in cell proliferation and osteoblastic cytodifferentiation in odontogenic epithelial cells. Finally, RNA-seq analysis with a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that osteoblastic differentiation-related gene sets and/or GO terms were downregulated in shArl4c-expressing odontogenic epithelial cells. These results suggest that the Arl4c-ARNO/Arf6 pathway axis contributes to tooth germ development through osteoblastic/ameloblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Thi Kim Truong
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Nagano
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Kokura
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Need Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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8
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Hung YH, Capeling M, Villanueva JW, Kanke M, Shanahan MT, Huang S, Cubitt R, Rinaldi VD, Schimenti JC, Spence JR, Sethupathy P. Integrative genome-scale analyses reveal post-transcriptional signatures of early human small intestinal development in a directed differentiation organoid model. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:641. [PMID: 37884859 PMCID: PMC10601309 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional gene regulators controlling cellular lineage specification and differentiation during embryonic development, including the gastrointestinal system. However, miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms involved in early embryonic development of human small intestine (SI) remains underexplored. To explore candidate roles for miRNAs in prenatal SI lineage specification in humans, we used a multi-omic analysis strategy in a directed differentiation model that programs human pluripotent stem cells toward the SI lineage. RESULTS We leveraged small RNA-seq to define the changing miRNA landscape, and integrated chromatin run-on sequencing (ChRO-seq) and RNA-seq to define genes subject to significant post-transcriptional regulation across the different stages of differentiation. Small RNA-seq profiling revealed temporal dynamics of miRNA signatures across different developmental events of the model, including definitive endoderm formation, SI lineage specification and SI regional patterning. Our multi-omic, integrative analyses showed further that the elevation of miR-182 and reduction of miR-375 are key events during SI lineage specification. We demonstrated that loss of miR-182 leads to an increase in the foregut master marker SOX2. We also used single-cell analyses in murine adult intestinal crypts to support a life-long role for miR-375 in the regulation of Zfp36l2. Finally, we uncovered opposing roles of SMAD4 and WNT signaling in regulating miR-375 expression during SI lineage specification. Beyond the mechanisms highlighted in this study, we also present a web-based application for exploration of post-transcriptional regulation and miRNA-mediated control in the context of early human SI development. CONCLUSION The present study uncovers a novel facet of miRNAs in regulating prenatal SI development. We leveraged multi-omic, systems biology approaches to discover candidate miRNA regulators associated with early SI developmental events in a human organoid model. In this study, we highlighted miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation relevant to the event of SI lineage specification. The candidate miRNA regulators that we identified for the other stages of SI development also warrant detailed characterization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Meghan Capeling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan W Villanueva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael T Shanahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca Cubitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Vera D Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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9
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Chen Z, Zhao J, Wang C, Liu X, Chen Z, Zhou J, Zhang L, Zhang C, Li H. Epithelial polarity-driven membrane separation but not cavitation regulates lumen formation of rat eccrine sweat glands. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152093. [PMID: 37757514 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each eccrine sweat gland (ESG) is a single-tubular structure with a central lumen, and the formation of hollow lumen in the initial solid cell mass is a key developmental process. To date, there are no reports on the mechanism of native ESG lumen formation. METHODS To investigate the lumen morphogenesis and the lumen formation mechanisms of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat ESGs, SD rat hind-footpads at E20.5, P1-P5, P7, P9, P12, P21, P28 and P56 were obtained. The lumen morphogenesis of ESGs was examined by HE staining and immunofluorescence staining for polarity markers. The possible mechanisms of lumen formation were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay and autophagy marker LC3B immunofluorescence staining, and further explored by ouabain intervention experiment. RESULTS In SD rat ESGs, the microlumen was formed at P1, and the small intact lumen with apical-basal polarity appeared at P3. The expression of apical marker F-actin, basal marker Laminin, basolateral marker E-cadherin was consistent with the timing of lumen formation of SD rat ESGs. During rat ESG development, apoptosis and autophagy were not detected. However, inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) with ouabain resulted in decreased lumen size, although neither the timing of lumen formation nor the expression of polarity proteins was altered. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial polarity-driven membrane separation but not cavitation regulates lumen formation of SD rat ESGs. NKA-regulated fluid accumulation drives lumen expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cangyu Wang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zihua Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Haihong Li
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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10
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Alkhatib DZR, Thi Kim Truong T, Fujii S, Hasegawa K, Nagano R, Tajiri Y, Kiyoshima T. Stepwise activation of p63 and the MEK/ERK pathway induces the expression of ARL4C to promote oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154493. [PMID: 37141698 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process wherein cells accumulate multiple genetic alterations and progress to a more malignant phenotype. It has been proposed that sequential accumulation of gene abnormalities in specific genes drives the transition from non-tumorous epithelia through a preneoplastic lesion/benign tumor to cancer. Histologically, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progresses in multiple ordered steps that begin with mucosal epithelial cell hyperplasia, which is followed by dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. It is therefore hypothesized that genetic alteration-mediated multistep carcinogenesis would be involved in the development of OSCC; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms are unknown. We clarified the comprehensive gene expression patterns and carried out an enrichment analysis using DNA microarray data from a pathological specimen of OSCC (including a non-tumor region, carcinoma in situ lesion and invasive carcinoma lesion). The expression of numerous genes and signal activation were altered in the development of OSCC. Among these, the p63 expression was increased and the MEK/ERK-MAPK pathway was activated in carcinoma in situ lesion and in invasive carcinoma lesion. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that p63 was initially upregulated in carcinoma in situ and ERK was sequentially activated in invasive carcinoma lesions in OSCC specimens. ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like 4c (ARL4C), the expression of which is reportedly induced by p63 and/or the MEK/ERK-MAPK pathway in OSCC cells, has been shown to promote tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemically, in OSCC specimens, ARL4C was more frequently detected in tumor lesions, especially in invasive carcinoma lesions, than in carcinoma in situ lesions. Additionally, ARL4C and phosphorylated ERK were frequently merged in invasive carcinoma lesions. Loss-of-function experiments using inhibitors and siRNAs revealed that p63 and MEK/ERK-MAPK cooperatively induce the expression of ARL4C and cell growth in OSCC cells. These results suggest that the stepwise activation of p63 and MEK/ERK-MAPK contributes to OSCC tumor cell growth through regulation of ARL4C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Zuhier Ragheb Alkhatib
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Thinh Thi Kim Truong
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nagano
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yudai Tajiri
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Fukuokahigashi Medical Center, 1-1-1 Chidori, Koga, Fukuoka 811-3195, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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11
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Kanai R, Uehara T, Yoshizawa T, Kamakura M, Nakajima T, Kinugawa Y, Iwaya M, Asaka S, Kitazawa M, Nagaya T, Ota H. ARL4C is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:478. [PMID: 37237373 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4 C (ARL4C) is a member of the ARF small GTP-binding protein subfamily. The ARL4C gene is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). ARL4C protein promotes cell motility, invasion, and proliferation. METHODS We investigated the characteristics of ARL4C by comparing its expression at the invasion front and relationships with clinicopathological data using RNAscope, a highly sensitive RNA in situ method. RESULTS In all cases, ARL4C expression was observed in cancer stromal cells and cancer cells. ARL4C expression in cancer cells was localized at the invasion front. In cancer stromal cells, ARL4C expression was significantly stronger in cases with high-grade tumor budding than in cases with low-grade tumor budding (P = 0.0002). Additionally, ARL4C expression was significantly increased in patients with high histological grade compared with those with low histological grade (P = 0.0227). Furthermore, ARL4C expression was significantly stronger in lesions with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype compared with the non-EMT phenotype (P = 0.0289). In CRC cells, ARL4C expression was significantly stronger in cells that had the EMT phenotype compared with those with a non-EMT phenotype (P = 0.0366). ARL4C expression was significantly higher in cancer stromal cells than in CRC cells (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our analysis reinforces the possibility that ARL4C expression worsens the prognosis of patients with CRC. Further elucidation of the function of ARL4C is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kanai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masato Kamakura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kinugawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mai Iwaya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shiho Asaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masato Kitazawa
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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12
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Zhu L, Tang Y, Li XY, Kerk SA, Lyssiotis CA, Sun X, Wang Z, Cho JS, Ma J, Weiss SJ. Proteolytic regulation of a galectin-3/Lrp1 axis controls osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206121. [PMID: 36880731 PMCID: PMC9998966 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts mobilize proteolytic enzymes belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family to directly degrade type I collagen, the dominant extracellular matrix component of skeletal tissues. While searching for additional MMP substrates critical to bone resorption, Mmp9/Mmp14 double-knockout (DKO) osteoclasts-as well as MMP-inhibited human osteoclasts-unexpectedly display major changes in transcriptional programs in tandem with compromised RhoA activation, sealing zone formation and bone resorption. Further study revealed that osteoclast function is dependent on the ability of Mmp9 and Mmp14 to cooperatively proteolyze the β-galactoside-binding lectin, galectin-3, on the cell surface. Mass spectrometry identified the galectin-3 receptor as low-density lipoprotein-related protein-1 (Lrp1), whose targeting in DKO osteoclasts fully rescues RhoA activation, sealing zone formation and bone resorption. Together, these findings identify a previously unrecognized galectin-3/Lrp1 axis whose proteolytic regulation controls both the transcriptional programs and the intracellular signaling cascades critical to mouse as well as human osteoclast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samuel A. Kerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jung-Sun Cho
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J. Weiss
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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13
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Treacy NJ, Clerkin S, Davis JL, Kennedy C, Miller AF, Saiani A, Wychowaniec JK, Brougham DF, Crean J. Growth and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids using fully synthetic peptide hydrogels. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:142-156. [PMID: 36093324 PMCID: PMC9420433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids have prospective applications ranging from basic disease modelling to personalised medicine. However, there remains a necessity to refine the biophysical and biochemical parameters that govern kidney organoid formation. Differentiation within fully-controllable and physiologically relevant 3D growth environments will be critical to improving organoid reproducibility and maturation. Here, we matured hiPSC-derived kidney organoids within fully synthetic self-assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPHs) of variable stiffness (storage modulus, G'). The resulting organoids contained complex structures comparable to those differentiated within the animal-derived matrix, Matrigel. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was then used to compare organoids matured within SAPHs to those grown within Matrigel or at the air-liquid interface. A total of 13,179 cells were analysed, revealing 14 distinct clusters. Organoid compositional analysis revealed a larger proportion of nephron cell types within Transwell-derived organoids, while SAPH-derived organoids were enriched for stromal-associated cell populations. Notably, differentiation within a higher G' SAPH generated podocytes with more mature gene expression profiles. Additionally, maturation within a 3D microenvironment significantly reduced the derivation of off-target cell types, which are a known limitation of current kidney organoid protocols. This work demonstrates the utility of synthetic peptide-based hydrogels with a defined stiffness, as a minimally complex microenvironment for the selected differentiation of kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall J Treacy
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD) Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shane Clerkin
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD) Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jessica L Davis
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD) Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ciarán Kennedy
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD) Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aline F Miller
- Department of Materials & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Alberto Saiani
- Department of Materials & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jacek K Wychowaniec
- UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dermot F Brougham
- UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John Crean
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD) Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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14
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Karska J, Kowalski S, Saczko J, Moisescu MG, Kulbacka J. Mechanosensitive Ion Channels and Their Role in Cancer Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:167. [PMID: 36837670 PMCID: PMC9965697 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are an inherent element in the world around us. The effects of their action can be observed both on the macro and molecular levels. They can also play a prominent role in the tissues and cells of animals due to the presence of mechanosensitive ion channels (MIChs) such as the Piezo and TRP families. They are essential in many physiological processes in the human body. However, their role in pathology has also been observed. Recent discoveries have highlighted the relationship between these channels and the development of malignant tumors. Multiple studies have shown that MIChs mediate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of various cancer cells via various mechanisms. This could show MIChs as new potential biomarkers in cancer detection and prognosis and interesting therapeutic targets in modern oncology. Our paper is a review of the latest literature on the role of the Piezo1 and TRP families in the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mihaela G. Moisescu
- Department of Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, Research Center of Excellence in Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Duchon A, del Mar Muñiz Moreno M, Chevalier C, Nalesso V, Andre P, Fructuoso-Castellar M, Mondino M, Po C, Noblet V, Birling MC, Potier MC, Herault Y. Ts66Yah, a mouse model of Down syndrome with improved construct and face validity. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:282398. [PMID: 36374158 PMCID: PMC9789398 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). The understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships, the identification of driver genes and various proofs of concept for therapeutics have benefited from mouse models. The premier model, named Ts(1716)65Dn/J (Ts65Dn), displayed phenotypes related to human DS features. It carries an additional minichromosome with the Mir155 to Zbtb21 region of mouse chromosome 16, homologous to Hsa21, encompassing around 90 genes, fused to the centromeric part of mouse chromosome 17 from Pisd-ps2/Scaf8 to Pde10a, containing 46 genes not related to Hsa21. Here, we report the investigation of a new model, Ts66Yah, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 without the genomic region unrelated to Hsa21 on the minichromosome. As expected, Ts66Yah replicated DS cognitive features. However, certain phenotypes related to increased activity, spatial learning and molecular signatures were changed, suggesting genetic interactions between the Mir155-Zbtb21 and Scaf8-Pde10a intervals. Thus, Ts66Yah mice have stronger construct and face validity than Ts65Dn mice for mimicking consequences of DS genetic overdosage. Furthermore, this study is the first to demonstrate genetic interactions between triplicated regions homologous to Hsa21 and others unrelated to Hsa21. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Maria del Mar Muñiz Moreno
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Claire Chevalier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Valérie Nalesso
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Philippe Andre
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marta Fructuoso-Castellar
- Paris Brain Institute ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mary Mondino
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, ICube, FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chrystelle Po
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, ICube, FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Noblet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, ICube, FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Paris Brain Institute ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France,Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France,Author for correspondence ()
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16
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Bartik ZI, Sillén U, Djos A, Lindholm A, Fransson S. Whole exome sequencing identifies KIF26B, LIFR and LAMC1 mutations in familial vesicoureteral reflux. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277524. [PMID: 36417404 PMCID: PMC9683562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common urological problem in children and its hereditary nature is well recognised. However, despite decades of research, the aetiological factors are poorly understood and the genetic background has been elucidated in only a minority of cases. To explore the molecular aetiology of primary hereditary VUR, we performed whole-exome sequencing in 13 large families with at least three affected cases. A large proportion of our study cohort had congenital renal hypodysplasia in addition to VUR. This high-throughput screening revealed 23 deleterious heterozygous variants in 19 candidate genes associated with VUR or nephrogenesis. Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis in the entire families confirmed the following findings in three genes in three families: frameshift LAMC1 variant and missense variants of KIF26B and LIFR genes. Rare variants were also found in SALL1, ROBO2 and UPK3A. These gene variants were present in individual cases but did not segregate with disease in families. In all, we demonstrate a likely causal gene variant in 23% of the families. Whole-exome sequencing technology in combination with a segregation study of the whole family is a useful tool when it comes to understanding pathogenesis and improving molecular diagnostics of this highly heterogeneous malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa I. Bartik
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Paediatric Uronephrologic Centre, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulla Sillén
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Paediatric Uronephrologic Centre, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Djos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindholm
- Department of Paediatrics, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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17
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Nagano R, Fujii S, Hasegawa K, Maeda H, Kiyoshima T. Wnt signaling promotes tooth germ development through YAP1-TGF-β signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:64-70. [PMID: 36150241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tooth germ development involves continuous and sequential steps with reciprocal interactions between odontogenic epithelium and the adjacent mesenchyme. Several growth factors, including Wnt, are essential for tooth germ development. Molecular mechanisms underlying Wnt/β-catenin-regulated tooth germ development are poorly understood. In tooth germ rudiments culture, we recently demonstrated that Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), an axonal guidance factor, stimulation reversed Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent decreased cell proliferation but did not completely rescue the morphological anomalies of tooth germ, suggesting that an uncharacterized signaling pathway may be essential in Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent tooth germ development. Herein, an enrichment analysis using DNA microarray data, which was obtained in our previous research, revealed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates YAP1 and/or TGF-β signalings. In odontogenic epithelial cells and tooth germ rudiments, Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation reduced YAP1 expression, thereby suppressing YAP1 and TGF-β signalings sequentially. Additionally, YAP1 signaling induced TGF-β2 expression to promote TGF-β signaling in the cells. Finally, Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent disorganized tooth germ development, in which YAP1 signaling was suppressed, was reversed by TGF-β stimulation. These results suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the tooth germ development through YAP1-TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Nagano
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Dento-craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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18
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Phosphorylation of Arl4A/D promotes their binding by the HYPK chaperone for their stable recruitment to the plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207414119. [PMID: 35857868 PMCID: PMC9335210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207414119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arl4 small GTPases participate in a variety of cellular events, including cytoskeleton remodeling, vesicle trafficking, cell migration, and neuronal development. Whereas small GTPases are typically regulated by their GTPase cycle, Arl4 proteins have been found to act independent of this canonical regulatory mechanism. Here, we show that Arl4A and Arl4D (Arl4A/D) are unstable due to proteasomal degradation, but stimulation of cells by fibronectin (FN) inhibits this degradation to promote Arl4A/D stability. Proteomic analysis reveals that FN stimulation induces phosphorylation at S143 of Arl4A and at S144 of Arl4D. We identify Pak1 as the responsible kinase for these phosphorylations. Moreover, these phosphorylations promote the chaperone protein HYPK to bind Arl4A/D, which stabilizes their recruitment to the plasma membrane to promote cell migration. These findings not only advance a major mechanistic understanding of how Arl4 proteins act in cell migration but also achieve a fundamental understanding of how these small GTPases are modulated by revealing that protein stability, rather than the GTPase cycle, acts as a key regulatory mechanism.
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19
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The Semaphorin 3A-AKT axis-mediated cell proliferation in salivary gland morphogenesis and adenoid cystic carcinoma pathogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153991. [PMID: 35759940 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that Semaphorin 3 A (Sema3A), the expression of which is negatively regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, promotes odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation, suggesting the involvement of Sema3A in tooth germ development. Salivary glands have a similar developmental process to tooth germ development, in which reciprocal interactions between the oral epithelium and adjacent mesenchyme proceeds via stimulation with several growth factors; however, the role of Sema3A in the development of salivary glands is unknown. There may thus be a common mechanism between epithelial morphogenesis and pathogenesis; however, the role of Sema3A in salivary gland tumors is also unclear. The current study investigated the involvement of Sema3A in submandibular gland (SMG) development and its expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) specimens. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Sema3A was expressed both in epithelium and in mesenchyme in the initial developmental stages of SMG and their expressions were decreased during the developmental processes. Loss-of-function experiments using an inhibitor revealed that Sema3A was required for AKT activation-mediated cellular growth and formation of cleft and bud in SMG rudiment culture. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin signaling decreased the Sema3A expression in the rudiment culture. ACC arising from salivary glands frequently exhibits malignant potential. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from 10 ACC patients showed that Sema3A was hardly observed in non-tumor regions but was strongly expressed in tumor lesions, especially in myoepithelial neoplastic cells, at high frequencies where phosphorylated AKT expression was frequently detected. These results suggest that the Sema3A-AKT axis promotes cell growth, thereby contributing to morphogenesis and pathogenesis, at least in ACC, of salivary glands.
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20
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ARL4C Regulates the Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Affecting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2724515. [PMID: 35774359 PMCID: PMC9239764 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2724515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the expression of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like proteins (ARLs) and ARL4C in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) based on bioinformatics analysis and experimentally determine the effect and mechanism of ARL4C on cellular properties involved in ccRCC progression. Methods After downloading the data of cancer patients from the TCGA database, we used various bioinformatics analysis websites and methods to analyze the expression and function of ARLs and ARL4C. The differential expression of ARL4C in clinical renal cancer tissues versus adjacent normal tissues was further verified using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription (qRT-PCR). qRT-PCR was used to explore the expression of ARL4C mRNA in normal renal cells versus different ccRCC cell lines, and the protein expression of ARL4C was further verified using western blotting. CCK-8, colony formation, and EdU assays were used to determine the effect of ARL4C knockdown on ccRCC cell proliferation. We also used wound healing and Transwell assays to analyze the changes in ccRCC cell migration and invasion following ARL4C knockdown. Finally, we used western blotting to probe the molecular mode of action of ARL4C in ccRCC cells after exposure to Wnt signaling pathway agonists. Results Biological function analysis showed that methylation of ARL4C and changes in immune cell infiltration and targeted drug sensitivity caused by altered ARL4C expression affected the prognosis of ccRCC. Further bioinformatics analysis suggested that the expression of ARL4C mRNA was increased in ccRCC, and this was associated with a poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. Increased expression of ARL4C was further verified using qRT-PCR and western blotting of human ccRCC tissue samples. Downregulation of ARL4C significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway promoted the expression of ARL4C. As an essential downstream effector of the Wnt signaling pathway, ARL4C increased the expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc, thereby increasing the ability of the cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ccRCC progression. Conclusions As a critical factor in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, ARL4C regulates EMT and progression in ccRCC.
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21
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Hasegawa K, Fujii S, Kurppa KJ, Maehara T, Oobu K, Nakamura S, Kiyoshima T. Clear Cell Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue Exhibits Characteristics as an Undifferentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 235:153909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Qian W, Han L, Li W, Duan W, Wu Z, Wang Z, Ma Q. Arl4c promotes the growth and drug resistance of pancreatic cancer by regulating tumor-stromal interactions. iScience 2021; 24:103400. [PMID: 34849465 PMCID: PMC8609020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that ADP-ribosylation factor like-4c (Arl4c) may be a potential choice for cancer treatment. However, its role in pancreatic cancer, especially in tumor-stroma interactions and drug resistance, is still unknown. In the current study, we examined the proliferation and drug resistance effect of Arl4c on pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, we explored the contribution of Arl4c high expression in pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation. We found that high Arl4c expression is associated with cell proliferation, drug resistance, and PSC activation. In detail, Arl4c regulates connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) paracrine, further induces autophagic flux in PSCs, resulting in PSC activation. TGFβ1 secreted by activated PSCs enhances cancer cell stem cell properties via smad2 signaling, further increasing cell drug resistance. YAP is an important mediator of the Arl4c-CTGF loop. Taken together, these results suggest that Arl4c is essential for pancreatic cancer progression and may be an effective therapeutic choice. High Arl4c expression is correlated with PSCs activation and drug resistance Yap-CTGF-mediated autophagy is required for Arl4c-related PSCs activation Paracrine TGFβ1 of PSCs plays pivotal role in drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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23
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Fujii S, Ishibashi T, Kokura M, Fujimoto T, Matsumoto S, Shidara S, Kurppa KJ, Pape J, Caton J, Morgan PR, Heikinheimo K, Kikuchi A, Jimi E, Kiyoshima T. RAF1-MEK/ERK pathway-dependent ARL4C expression promotes ameloblastoma cell proliferation and osteoclast formation. J Pathol 2021; 256:119-133. [PMID: 34622442 DOI: 10.1002/path.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic neoplasm characterized by slow intraosseous growth with progressive jaw resorption. Recent reports have revealed that ameloblastoma harbours an oncogenic BRAFV600E mutation with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation and described cases of ameloblastoma harbouring a BRAFV600E mutation in which patients were successfully treated with a BRAF inhibitor. Therefore, the MAPK pathway may be involved in the development of ameloblastoma; however, the precise mechanism by which it induces ameloblastoma is unclear. The expression of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like 4c (ARL4C), induced by a combination of the EGF-MAPK pathway and Wnt/β-catenin signalling, has been shown to induce epithelial morphogenesis. It was also reported that the overexpression of ARL4C, due to alterations in the EGF/RAS-MAPK pathway and Wnt/β-catenin signalling, promotes tumourigenesis. However, the roles of ARL4C in ameloblastoma are unknown. We investigated the involvement of ARL4C in the development of ameloblastoma. In immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from 38 ameloblastoma patients, ARL4C was hardly detected in non-tumour regions but tumours frequently showed strong expression of ARL4C, along with the expression of both BRAFV600E and RAF1 (also known as C-RAF). Loss-of-function experiments using inhibitors or siRNAs revealed that ARL4C elevation depended on the RAF1-MEK/ERK pathway in ameloblastoma cells. It was also shown that the RAF1-ARL4C and BRAFV600E-MEK/ERK pathways promoted cell proliferation independently. ARL4C-depleted tumour cells (generated by knockdown or knockout) exhibited decreased proliferation and migration capabilities. Finally, when ameloblastoma cells were co-cultured with mouse bone marrow cells and primary osteoblasts, ameloblastoma cells induced osteoclast formation. ARL4C elevation in ameloblastoma further promoted its formation capabilities through the increased RANKL expression of mouse bone marrow cells and/or primary osteoblasts. These results suggest that the RAF1-MEK/ERK-ARL4C axis, which may function in cooperation with the BRAFV600E-MEK/ERK pathway, promotes ameloblastoma development. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Kokura
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Satsuki Shidara
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kari J Kurppa
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, and Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Judith Pape
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Targeted Intervention, Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London, London, UK
| | - Javier Caton
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter R Morgan
- Head & Neck Pathology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kristiina Heikinheimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Rehman S, Gora AH, Siriyappagouder P, Brugman S, Fernandes JMO, Dias J, Kiron V. Zebrafish intestinal transcriptome highlights subdued inflammatory responses to dietary soya bean and efficacy of yeast β-glucan. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1619-1637. [PMID: 34237181 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anti-nutritional factors in dietary components can have a negative impact on the intestinal barrier. Here, we present soya bean-induced changes in the intestine of juvenile zebrafish and the effect of yeast β-glucan through a transcriptomic approach. The inclusion of soya bean meal affected the expression of several intestinal barrier function-related genes like arl4ca, rab25b, rhoub, muc5ac, muc5d, clcn2c and cltb in zebrafish. Several metabolic genes like cyp2x10.2, cyp2aa2, aldh3a2b, crata, elovl4, elovl6, slc51a, gpat2 and ATP-dependent peptidase activity (lonrf, clpxb) were altered in the intestinal tissue. The expression of immune-related genes like nlrc3, nlrp12, gimap8, prdm1 and tph1a, and genes related to cell cycle, DNA damage and DNA repair (e.g. spo11, rad21l1, nabp1b, spata22, tdrd9) were also affected in the soya bean fed group. Furthermore, our study suggests the plausible effect of yeast β-glucan through the modulation of several genes that regulate immune responses and barrier integrity. Our findings indicate a subdued inflammation in juvenile zebrafish fed soya bean meal and the efficacy of β-glucan to counter these subtle inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rehman
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Adnan H Gora
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Sylvia Brugman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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25
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Harada A, Matsumoto S, Yasumizu Y, Shojima K, Akama T, Eguchi H, Kikuchi A. Localization of KRAS downstream target ARL4C to invasive pseudopods accelerates pancreatic cancer cell invasion. eLife 2021; 10:66721. [PMID: 34590580 PMCID: PMC8598236 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to metastasis. Whereas KRAS is mutated in most pancreatic cancer patients, controlling KRAS or its downstream effectors has not been succeeded clinically. ARL4C is a small G protein whose expression is induced by the Wnt and EGF–RAS pathways. In the present study, we found that ARL4C is frequently overexpressed in pancreatic cancer patients and showed that its localization to invasive pseudopods is required for cancer cell invasion. IQGAP1 was identified as a novel interacting protein for ARL4C. ARL4C recruited IQGAP1 and its downstream effector, MMP14, to invasive pseudopods. Specific localization of ARL4C, IQGAP1, and MMP14 was the active site of invasion, which induced degradation of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, subcutaneously injected antisense oligonucleotide against ARL4C into tumor-bearing mice suppressed metastasis of pancreatic cancer. These results suggest that ARL4C–IQGAP1–MMP14 signaling is activated at invasive pseudopods of pancreatic cancer cells. Most cases of pancreatic cancer are detected in the later stages when they are difficult to treat and, as a result, survival is low. Over 90% of pancreatic cancers contain genetic changes that increase the activity of a protein called KRAS. This hyperactive KRAS drives cancer growth and progression. Attempts to treat pancreatic cancer using drugs that reduce the activity of KRAS have so far failed. The KRAS protein can accelerate growth in healthy cells as well as in cancer and it does this by activating various other proteins. Drugs that target some of these other proteins could be more effective at treating pancreatic cancer than the drugs that target KRAS. One of these potential targets is called ARL4C. ARL4C is active during fetal development, but it is often not present in adult tissues. Harada et al. investigated whether the protein is important in pancreatic cancer, and what other roles it has in the body, to better understand if it is a good target for cancer treatment. First, Harada et al. used cells grown in the lab to show that ARL4C contributes to the aggressive spread of human pancreatic cancers. Using mice, Harada et al. also showed that blocking the activity of ARL4C in pancreatic cancers helped to slow their progression. Harada et al.’s results suggest that ARL4C could be a good target for new drugs treating pancreatic cancers. Given that this protein does not seem to have important roles in the cells of adults, targeting it is unlikely to have major side effects. Further investigation of ARL4C in more human-like animal models will help to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasumizu
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Frontier Immunology Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kensaku Shojima
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Gene Expression Laboratory (GEL-B), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, United States
| | - Toshiyuki Akama
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
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LeBlanc L, Ramirez N, Kim J. Context-dependent roles of YAP/TAZ in stem cell fates and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4201-4219. [PMID: 33582842 PMCID: PMC8164607 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hippo effectors YAP and TAZ control cell fate and survival through various mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation of key genes. However, much of this research has been marked by conflicting results, as well as controversy over whether YAP and TAZ are redundant. A substantial portion of the discordance stems from their contradictory roles in stem cell self-renewal vs. differentiation and cancer cell survival vs. apoptosis. In this review, we present an overview of the multiple context-dependent functions of YAP and TAZ in regulating cell fate decisions in stem cells and organoids, as well as their mechanisms of controlling programmed cell death pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy LeBlanc
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Nereida Ramirez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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27
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Hasegawa K, Fujii S, Matsumoto S, Tajiri Y, Kikuchi A, Kiyoshima T. YAP signaling induces PIEZO1 to promote oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation. J Pathol 2020; 253:80-93. [PMID: 32985688 DOI: 10.1002/path.5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer cells are exposed to altered extracellular environments, such as an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and soluble signals consisting of growth factors and cytokines. It is therefore conceivable that changes in tumor extracellular environments affect tumor cell behavior. The Hippo pathway reportedly responds to the extracellular environment and regulates the nuclear localization of the transcription co-activator, yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Inactivation of the Hippo pathway with nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ stimulates cell proliferation. Its pathway also regulates gene expression, but the precise molecule(s) meditating the cell-proliferating effect of YAP signaling on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unclear. First, we examined the effects of YAP signaling on OSCC tumorigenesis. Loss-of-function experiments using siRNA or an inhibitor, and immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from OSCC patients demonstrated that YAP signaling was involved in OSCC cell proliferation. Second, we identified Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1), a Ca2+ channel, as a transcriptional target of YAP signaling and showed that elevated PIEZO1 was required for PIEZO1 agonist-dependent Ca2+ entry and cell proliferation in OSCC cells. Experiments using three-dimensional and suspension culture revealed that PIEZO1 was involved in OSCC cellular growth. Finally, YAP overexpression in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm was immunohistochemically detected in tumor lesions with frequent expression of both PIEZO1 and Ki-67, but not in non-tumor regions of OSCC specimens. These results suggest that the YAP/PIEZO1 axis promotes OSCC cell growth. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yudai Tajiri
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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28
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Meng P, Zhu M, Ling X, Zhou L. Wnt signaling in kidney: the initiator or terminator? J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1511-1523. [PMID: 32939578 PMCID: PMC7591426 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is a key organ in the human body that excretes toxins and sustains the water-electrolyte balance. During embryonic development and disease progression, the kidney undergoes enormous changes in macrostructure, accompanied by a variety of microstructural histological changes, such as glomerular formation and sclerosis, tubule elongation and atrophy, interstitial establishment, and fibrosis progression. All of these rely on the frequent occurrence of cell death and growth. Notably, to overcome disease, some cells regenerate through self-repair or progenitor cell differentiation. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying kidney development and regeneration have not been elucidated. Recently, Wnt signaling has been noted to play an important role. Although it is a well-known developmental signal, the role of Wnt signaling in kidney development and regeneration is not well recognized. In this review, we review the role of Wnt signaling in kidney embryonic development, tissue repair, cell division, and progenitor cell differentiation after injury. Moreover, we briefly highlight advances in our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of Wnt signaling in mediating cellular senescence in kidney parenchymal and stem cells, an irreversible arrest of cell proliferation blocking tissue repair and regeneration. We also highlight the therapeutic targets of Wnt signaling in kidney diseases and provide important clues for clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, China
| | - Xian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
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29
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CRL5-dependent regulation of the small GTPases ARL4C and ARF6 controls hippocampal morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23073-23084. [PMID: 32873638 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002749117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase ARL4C participates in the regulation of cell migration, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and vesicular trafficking in epithelial cells. The ARL4C signaling cascade starts by the recruitment of the ARF-GEF cytohesins to the plasma membrane, which, in turn, bind and activate the small GTPase ARF6. However, the role of ARL4C-cytohesin-ARF6 signaling during hippocampal development remains elusive. Here, we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin 5/RBX2 (CRL5) controls the stability of ARL4C and its signaling effectors to regulate hippocampal morphogenesis. Both RBX2 knockout and Cullin 5 knockdown cause hippocampal pyramidal neuron mislocalization and development of multiple apical dendrites. We used quantitative mass spectrometry to show that ARL4C, Cytohesin-1/3, and ARF6 accumulate in the RBX2 mutant telencephalon. Furthermore, we show that depletion of ARL4C rescues the phenotypes caused by Cullin 5 knockdown, whereas depletion of CYTH1 or ARF6 exacerbates overmigration. Finally, we show that ARL4C, CYTH1, and ARF6 are necessary for the dendritic outgrowth of pyramidal neurons to the superficial strata of the hippocampus. Overall, we identified CRL5 as a key regulator of hippocampal development and uncovered ARL4C, CYTH1, and ARF6 as CRL5-regulated signaling effectors that control pyramidal neuron migration and dendritogenesis.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in the USA, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) constitutes 85% of pancreatic cancer diagnoses. PDA frequently metastasizes to the peritoneum, but effective treatment of peritoneal metastasis remains a clinical challenge. Despite this unmet need, understanding of the biological mechanisms that contribute to development and progression of PDA peritoneal metastasis is sparse. By contrast, a vast number of studies have investigated mechanisms of peritoneal metastasis in ovarian and gastric cancers. Here, we contrast similarities and differences between peritoneal metastasis in PDA as compared with those in gastric and ovarian cancer by outlining molecular mediators involved in each step of the peritoneal metastasis cascade. This review aims to provide mechanistic insights that could be translated into effective targeted therapies for patients with peritoneal metastasis from PDA.
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31
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Decreasing Arl4c expression by inhibition of AKT signal in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Life Sci 2020; 246:117428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kimura K, Matsumoto S, Harada T, Morii E, Nagatomo I, Shintani Y, Kikuchi A. ARL4C is associated with initiation and progression of lung adenocarcinoma and represents a therapeutic target. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:951-961. [PMID: 31925985 PMCID: PMC7060486 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type of lung cancer and is classified into adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) lesions are possible precursors to adenocarcinoma. However, the mechanism underlying the stepwise continuum of lung adenocarcinoma is unclear. In this study, the involvement of ADP‐ribosylation factor (ARF)‐like (ARL) 4C (ARL4C), a member of the small GTP‐binding protein family, in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and the possibility of ARL4C as a molecular target for lung cancer therapy were explored. ARL4C was frequently expressed in AAH and ARL4C expression in immortalized human small airway epithelial cells promoted cell proliferation and suppressed cell death. In addition, ARL4C was expressed with increased frequency in AIS, MIA and IA in a stage‐dependent manner, and the expression was correlated with histologic grade, fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and poor prognosis. An anti–sense oligonucleotide (ASO) against ARL4C (ARL4C ASO‐1316) inhibited RAS‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate activity and nuclear import of Yes‐associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif, and suppressed in vitro proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells with KRAS or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. In addition, transbronchial administration of ARL4C ASO‐1316 suppressed orthotopic tumor formation induced by these cancer cells. Thus, ARL4C is involved in the initiation of the premalignant stage and is associated with the stepwise continuum of lung adenocarcinoma. ARL4C ASO‐1316 would be useful for lung adenocarcinoma patients expressing ARL4C regardless of the KRAS or EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kimura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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33
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Chen KJ, Chiang TC, Yu CJ, Lee FJS. Cooperative recruitment of Arl4A and Pak1 to the plasma membrane contributes to sustained Pak1 activation for cell migration. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs233361. [PMID: 31932503 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration requires the coordination of multiple signaling pathways involved in membrane dynamics and cytoskeletal rearrangement. The Arf-like small GTPase Arl4A has been shown to modulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling. However, evidence of the function of Arl4A in cell migration is insufficient. Here, we report that Arl4A acts with the serine/threonine protein kinase Pak1 to modulate cell migration through their cooperative recruitment to the plasma membrane. We first observed that Arl4A and its isoform Arl4D interact with Pak1 and Pak2 and showed that Arl4A recruits Pak1 and Pak2 to the plasma membrane. The fibronectin-induced Pak1 localization at the plasma membrane is reduced in Arl4A-depleted cells. Unexpectedly, we found that Pak1, but not Arl4A-binding-defective Pak1, can recruit a cytoplasmic myristoylation-deficient Arl4A-G2A mutant to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, we found that the Arl4A-Pak1 interaction, which is independent of Rac1 binding to Pak1, is required for Arl4A-induced cell migration. Thus, we infer that there is feedback regulation between Arl4A and Pak1, in which they mutually recruit each other to the plasma membrane for Pak1 activation, thereby modulating cell migration through direct interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Jung Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chen Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Jen S Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
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34
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Fujii S, Tajiri Y, Hasegawa K, Matsumoto S, Yoshimoto RU, Wada H, Kishida S, Kido MA, Yoshikawa H, Ozeki S, Kiyoshima T. The TRPV4-AKT axis promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation via CaMKII activation. J Transl Med 2020; 100:311-323. [PMID: 31857698 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human malignant tumor cells arise from epithelial tissues, which show distinctive characteristics, such as polarization, cell-to-cell contact between neighboring cells, and anchoring to a basement membrane. When tumor cells invaginate into the stroma, the cells are exposed to extracellular environments, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). Increased ECM stiffness has been reported to promote cellular biological activities, such as excessive cellular growth and enhanced migration capability. Therefore, tumorous ECM stiffness is not only an important clinical tumor feature but also plays a pivotal role in tumor cell behavior. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, has been reported to be mechano-sensitive and to regulate tumorigenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanism in tumorigenesis remains unclear. The function of TRPV4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is also unknown. The current study was conducted to investigate whether or not TRPV4 might be involved in OSCC tumorigenesis. TRPV4 mRNA levels were elevated in OSCC cell lines compared with normal oral epithelial cells, and its expression was required for TRPV4 agonist-dependent Ca2+ entry. TRPV4-depleted tumor cells exhibited decreased proliferation capabilities in three-dimensional culture but not in a low-attachment plastic dish. A xenograft tumor model demonstrated that TRPV4 expression was involved in cancer cell proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, loss-of-function experiments using siRNA or an inhibitor revealed that the TRPV4 expression was required for CaMKII-mediated AKT activation. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from 36 OSCC patients showed that TRPV4 was weakly observed in non-tumor regions but was strongly expressed in tumor lesions at high frequencies where phosphorylated AKT expression was frequently detected. These results suggest that the TRPV4/CaMKII/AKT axis, which might be activated by extracellular environments, promotes OSCC tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yudai Tajiri
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Reiko U Yoshimoto
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Division of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroko Wada
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Mizuho A Kido
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Division of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yoshikawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Satoru Ozeki
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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35
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Sada R, Kimura H, Fukata Y, Fukata M, Yamamoto H, Kikuchi A. Dynamic palmitoylation controls the microdomain localization of the DKK1 receptors CKAP4 and LRP6. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/608/eaat9519. [PMID: 31744930 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat9519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dickkopf1 (DKK1) was originally identified as an antagonist of Wnt signaling that binds to and induces the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the Wnt coreceptors low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6). DKK1 also binds to cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), which was originally identified as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein but also functions at the plasma membrane as a receptor for various ligands. The DKK1-CKAP4 pathway is activated in several human cancers and promotes cell proliferation by activating signaling through the kinases PI3K and AKT. We found that both CKAP4 and LRP6 primarily localized to detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fractions of the plasma membrane in a palmitoylation-dependent manner and that palmitoylation of CKAP4 was required for it to promote cell proliferation. DKK1 induced the depalmitoylation of both CKAP4 and LRP6 by acylprotein thioesterases (APTs), resulting in their translocation to the non-DRM fractions. Moreover, DKK1-dependent depalmitoylation of both receptors required activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. DKK1 simultaneously bound CKAP4 and LRP6, resulting in the formation of a ternary complex. LRP5/6 knockdown decreased DKK1-dependent AKT activation and cancer cell proliferation through CKAP4, whereas CKAP4 knockdown did not affect DKK1-dependent inhibition of Wnt signaling through LRP5/6. These results indicate that the palmitoylation states of CKAP4 and LRP6 play important roles in their signaling and that LRP5/6 enhance DKK1-CKAP4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuko Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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36
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Current Position of the Molecular Therapeutic Targets for Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2019; 7:healthcare7030094. [PMID: 31366141 PMCID: PMC6787681 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare7030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) shows low sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis, especially in advanced stages. Therefore, the development of innovative therapeutic strategies and precision medicine for the treatment of OCCC are important. Recently, several new molecular targets have been identified for OCCC, which can be broadly divided into four categories: (a) downstream pathways of receptor tyrosine kinases, (b) anti-oxidative stress molecules, (c) AT-rich interactive domain 1A-related chromatin remodeling errors, and (d) anti-programmed death ligand 1/programmed cell death 1 agents. Several inhibitors have been discovered for these targets, and the suppression of OCCC cells has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. However, no single inhibitor has shown a sufficient effectiveness in clinical pilot studies. This review outlines recent progress regarding the molecular biological characteristics of OCCC to identify future directions for the development of precision medicine and combinatorial therapies to treat OCCC.
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37
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Wakinoue S, Chano T, Amano T, Isono T, Kimura F, Kushima R, Murakami T. ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4C predicts worse prognosis in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:223-229. [PMID: 30594917 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma and clear cell ovarian carcinoma are both classified as endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). Despite the high rates of recurrence and mortality of EAOC, no prognostic biomarkers have been determined. ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4C (ARL4C) has been reported to be involved in various tumor progression processes, but its clinical significance for predicting prognosis in EAOC cases has never been studied. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to determine the clinical significance of ARL4C expression in EAOC prognosis. METHODS ARL4C expression was semi-quantitatively evaluated via immunohistochemistry in 61 EAOC patients, and the correlations between ARL4C expression and clinicopathological data and survival were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-six (59%) cases had high levels of ARL4C, which was related to worse 5-year overall survival (OS) (log-rank test, p= 0.036). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, high ARL4C expression was a significantly independent predictive factor for worse 5-year OS (hazard ratio = 12.048, p= 0.0201) and 5-year PFS (hazard ratio = 8.130, p= 0.0036). CONCLUSIONS ARL4C is a biomarker for worse prognosis and a novel therapeutic target in EAOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Wakinoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520 2192, Japan
| | - Tokuhiro Chano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520 2192, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Amano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520 2192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Isono
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520 2192, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520 2192, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kushima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520 2192, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520 2192, Japan
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Sztul E, Chen PW, Casanova JE, Cherfils J, Dacks JB, Lambright DG, Lee FJS, Randazzo PA, Santy LC, Schürmann A, Wilhelmi I, Yohe ME, Kahn RA. ARF GTPases and their GEFs and GAPs: concepts and challenges. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1249-1271. [PMID: 31084567 PMCID: PMC6724607 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-12-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed structural, biochemical, cell biological, and genetic studies of any gene/protein are required to develop models of its actions in cells. Studying a protein family in the aggregate yields additional information, as one can include analyses of their coevolution, acquisition or loss of functionalities, structural pliability, and the emergence of shared or variations in molecular mechanisms. An even richer understanding of cell biology can be achieved through evaluating functionally linked protein families. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of three protein families: the ARF GTPases, the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (ARF GEFs) that activate them, and the GTPase-activating proteins (ARF GAPs) that have the ability to both propagate and terminate signaling. However, despite decades of scrutiny, our understanding of how these essential proteins function in cells remains fragmentary. We believe that the inherent complexity of ARF signaling and its regulation by GEFs and GAPs will require the concerted effort of many laboratories working together, ideally within a consortium to optimally pool information and resources. The collaborative study of these three functionally connected families (≥70 mammalian genes) will yield transformative insights into regulation of cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267
| | - James E. Casanova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Jacqueline Cherfils
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, CNRS and Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Joel B. Dacks
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - David G. Lambright
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Amherst, MA 01605
| | - Fang-Jen S. Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | | | - Lorraine C. Santy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, 85764 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Ilka Wilhelmi
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, 85764 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Marielle E. Yohe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard A. Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322-3050
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is activated in odontomas, reduces Sema3A expression to regulate odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation and tooth germ development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4257. [PMID: 30862786 PMCID: PMC6414619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontomas, developmental anomalies of tooth germ, frequently occur in familial adenomatous polyposis patients with activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in odontomas or odontogenic cells are unclear. Herein, we investigated β-catenin expression in odontomas and functions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tooth germ development. β-catenin frequently accumulated in nucleus and/or cellular cytoplasm of odontogenic epithelial cells in human odontoma specimens, immunohistochemically. Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibited odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation in both cell line and tooth germ development, while inducing immature epithelial bud formation. We identified Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) as a downstream molecule of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and showed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent reduction of Sema3A expression resulted in suppressed odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation. Sema3A expression is required in appropriate epithelial budding morphogenesis. These results suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation and tooth germ development through decreased-Sema3A expression, and aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may associate with odontoma formation.
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40
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Torreggiani E, Rossini M, Bononi I, Pietrobon S, Mazzoni E, Iaquinta MR, Feo C, Rotondo JC, Rizzo P, Tognon M, Martini F. Protocol for the long-term culture of human primary keratinocytes from the normal colorectal mucosa. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:9895-9905. [PMID: 30740692 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Procedures for in vitro culturing of human primary keratinocytes from normal colon mucosa specimens have not been fully feasible, thus far. The protocol described herein allows primary keratinocytes from small tissue fragments of colorectal mucosa biopsies to grow in vitro. The procedure develops in three steps: (a) the enzymatic digestion of the tissue biopsy; (b) the use of cloning rings to purify primary keratinocyte colonies, (c) a defined keratinocyte medium to grow these cells in long-term culture. Our cultural method enables normal primary keratinocytes to be obtained by simple and rapid techniques. In our culture condition, primary keratinocytes express specific epithelial markers. Colorectal mucosa keratinocyte colonies require approximately 2 weeks to grow. Compared with previous approaches, our protocol provides a valuable model of study for human primary keratinocytes from normal colorectal (NCR) mucosa both at the cellular and molecular levels. It is well known, that different mutations occurring during the multistep process of carcinogenesis in the NCR mucosa, are strictly associated to the onset/progression of the colorectal carcinoma. On this ground, normal keratinocytes grown with our protocol, may represent an innovative tool to investigate the mechanisms that lead to colorectal carcinoma and other diseases. Our innovative procedure may allow to perform comparative investigations between normal and pathological colorectal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torreggiani
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marika Rossini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobon
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Feo
- Section of Clinical Surgery, Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Parascandolo A, Laukkanen MO. Carcinogenesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling: Interaction of the NADPH Oxidase NOX1-5 and Superoxide Dismutase 1-3 Signal Transduction Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:443-486. [PMID: 29478325 PMCID: PMC6393772 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reduction/oxidation (redox) balance could be defined as an even distribution of reduction and oxidation complementary processes and their reaction end products. There is a consensus that aberrant levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), commonly observed in cancer, stimulate primary cell immortalization and progression of carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism how different ROS regulate redox balance is not completely understood. Recent Advances: In the current review, we have summarized the main signaling cascades inducing NADPH oxidase NOX1-5 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1-3 expression and their connection to cell proliferation, immortalization, transformation, and CD34+ cell differentiation in thyroid, colon, lung, breast, and hematological cancers. CRITICAL ISSUES Interestingly, many of the signaling pathways activating redox enzymes or mediating the effect of ROS are common, such as pathways initiated from G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors involving protein kinase A, phospholipase C, calcium, and small GTPase signaling molecules. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The clarification of interaction of signal transduction pathways could explain how cells regulate redox balance and may even provide means to inhibit the accumulation of harmful levels of ROS in human pathologies.
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Harada T, Matsumoto S, Hirota S, Kimura H, Fujii S, Kasahara Y, Gon H, Yoshida T, Itoh T, Haraguchi N, Mizushima T, Noda T, Eguchi H, Nojima S, Morii E, Fukumoto T, Obika S, Kikuchi A. Chemically Modified Antisense Oligonucleotide Against ARL4C Inhibits Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumor Growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:602-612. [PMID: 30647122 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4c (ARL4C) is identified as a small GTP-binding protein, which is expressed by Wnt and EGF signaling and plays an important role in tubulogenesis of cultured cells and the ureters. ARL4C is little expressed in adult tissues, but it is highly expressed in lung cancer and colorectal cancer and shown to represent a molecular target for cancer therapy based on siRNA experiments. This study revealed that ARL4C is highly expressed in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors and colorectal cancer liver metastases, and that ARL4C expression is associated with poor prognosis for these cancers. Chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) against ARL4C effectively reduced ARL4C expression in both HCC and colorectal cancer cells and inhibited proliferation and migration of these cancer cells in vitro ARL4C ASOs decreased the PIK3CD mRNA levels and inhibited the activity of AKT in HCC cells, suggesting that the downstream signaling of ARL4C in HCC cells is different from that in lung and colon cancer cells. In addition, subcutaneous injection of ARL4C ASO was effective in reducing the growth of primary HCC and metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver of immunodeficient mice. ARL4C ASO accumulated in cancer cells more efficiently than the surrounding normal cells in the liver and decreased ARL4C expression in the tumor. These results suggest that ARL4C ASO represents a novel targeted nucleic acid medicine for the treatment of primary and metastatic liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Hirota
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuuya Kasahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Gon
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yoshida
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Fukumoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Chen Q, Weng HY, Tang XP, Lin Y, Yuan Y, Li Q, Tang Z, Wu HB, Yang S, Li Y, Zhao XL, Fu WJ, Niu Q, Feng H, Zhang X, Wang Y, Bian XW, Yao XH. ARL4C stabilized by AKT/mTOR pathway promotes the invasion of PTEN-deficient primary human glioblastoma. J Pathol 2018; 247:266-278. [PMID: 30357833 DOI: 10.1002/path.5189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) deficiency in primary human glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with increased invasiveness and poor prognosis with unknown mechanisms. Therefore, how loss of PTEN promotes GBM progression remains to be elucidated. Herein, we identified that ADP-ribosylation factor like-4C (ARL4C) was highly expressed in PTEN-deficient human GBM cells and tissues. Mechanistically, loss of PTEN stabilized ARL4C protein due to AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated inhibition of ARL4C ubiquitination. Functionally, ARL4C enhanced the progression of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, microarray profiling and GST pull-down assay identified that ARL4C accelerated tumor progression via RAC1-mediated filopodium formation. Importantly, targeting PTEN potently inhibited GBM tumor progression in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of ARL4C reversed the tumor progression impaired by PTEN overexpression. Clinically, analyses with patients' specimens validated a negative correlation between PTEN and ARL4C expression. Elevated ARL4C expression but PTEN deficiency in tumor was associated with poorer disease-free survival and overall survival of GBM patients. Taken together, ARL4C is critical for PTEN-deficient GBM progression and acts as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic candidate. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hai-Yan Weng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Peng Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yong Lin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuo Tang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xi-Long Zhao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qin Niu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
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Wang X, Wang X, Liu Y, Dong Y, Wang Y, Kassab MA, Fan W, Yu X, Wu C. LGR5 regulates gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via activating Wnt signaling pathway. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:57. [PMID: 30089773 PMCID: PMC6082861 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LGR5 plays a critical role in tissue development and the maintenance of adult stem cells in gastrointestinal tract. However, the oncogenic role of LGR5 in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma remains elusive. Here, we show that LGR5 promotes gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis. We find that knock down of LGR5 or suppression of Wnt signaling pathway by inhibitor C59 arrests gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, treatment of Wnt3a, the activator of Wnt signaling pathway, partially recovers the proliferation defect observed in LGR5 knockdown gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, LGR5 facilitates β-catenin nuclear accumulation, a surrogate marker of the activation of Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, C59 treatment suppresses transcription of Axin2 and TCF1, both of which are the target genes of β-catenin in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Gastric adenocarcinoma cells with overexpressed LGR5 form a large quantity of visible actin filaments and pseudopods, suggesting that LGR5 significantly enhances the ability of cell movement, which might capacitate gastric adenocarcinoma cells with enhanced LGR5 expression to gain invasive and migratory properties. Taken together, our results show that LGR5 contributes to cell proliferation and invasion through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathway in gastric adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Yating Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Affiliated hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Muzaffer Ahmad Kassab
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Wufang Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
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Efficient functional cyst formation of biliary epithelial cells using microwells for potential bile duct organisation in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11086. [PMID: 30038407 PMCID: PMC6056467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a bile duct in vitro is valuable to obtain relevant hepatic tissue culture systems for cell-based assays in chemical and drug metabolism analyses. The cyst constitutes the initial morphogenesis for bile duct formation from biliary epithelial cells (BECs) and serves the main building block of bile duct network morphogenesis from the ductal plate during embryogenesis in rodents. Cysts have been commonly cultured via Matrigel-embedded culture, which does not allow structural organisation and restricts the productivity and homogeneity of cysts. In this study, we propose a new method utilising oxygen permeable honeycomb microwells for efficient cyst establishment. Primary mouse BECs were seeded on four sizes of honeycomb microwell (46, 76, 126, and 326 µm-size in diameter). Matrigel in various concentrations was added to assist in cyst formation. The dimension accommodated by microwells was shown to play an important role in effective cyst formation. Cytological morphology, bile acid transportation, and gene expression of the cysts confirmed the favourable basic bile duct function compared to that obtained using Matrigel-embedded culture. Our method is expected to contribute to engineered in vitro liver tissue formation for cell-based assays.
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46
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Activation of the Dickkopf1-CKAP4 pathway is associated with poor prognosis of esophageal cancer and anti-CKAP4 antibody may be a new therapeutic drug. Oncogene 2018; 37:3471-3484. [PMID: 29563607 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the secretory protein Dickkopf1 (DKK1) is associated with poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the underlying mechanism of how DKK1 is involved in aggressiveness of ESCC is not clear. In this study, we show that cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) functions as a DKK1 receptor in ESCC cells. Immunohistochemical analyses of ESCC revealed that both DKK1 and CKAP4 are minimally expressed in associated normal esophageal squamous mucosa of non-tumor regions, but strongly expressed in tumor lesions. Forty-six of 119 cases (38.7%) were positive for both DKK1 and CKAP4. Those expressing both proteins showed poor prognosis and relapse-free survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that expression of both proteins was the poor prognostic factor. The Cancer Genome Atlas data set indicated that the mRNA levels of DKK1 and CKAP4 are significantly elevated in the tumor lesions compared to non-tumor regions. DKK1 bound to CKAP4 at endogenous levels. DKK1 induced the internalization of CKAP4 from and its recycling to the plasma membrane. AKT was activated in ESCC cells in which DKK1 was highly expressed and CKAP4 was localized to the plasma membrane. Knockdown of either DKK1 or CKAP4 inhibited AKT activity and cell proliferation in vitro and xenograft tumor formation. Wild-type CKAP4 or DKK1, but not a DKK1 mutant that was unable to bind to CKAP4, rescued phenotypes induced by CKAP4 or DKK1 knockdown, respectively. The anti-CKAP4 antibody also inhibited AKT activity and suppressed xenograft tumor formation. In contrast, in ESCC cells in which DKK1 was marginally expressed, knockdown of CKAP4 or anti-CKAP4 antibody affected neither AKT activity nor cell proliferation. These findings suggest that the DKK1-CKAP4 pathway promotes ESCC cell proliferation and that CKAP4 might represent a novel therapeutic target for ESCCs expressing both DKK1 and CKAP4.
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47
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Epigenetic upregulation of ARL4C, due to DNA hypomethylation in the 3'-untranslated region, promotes tumorigenesis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81571-81587. [PMID: 27835592 PMCID: PMC5348413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like 4c (ARL4C) expression, induced by a combination of Wnt/β-catenin and EGF/Ras signaling, has been demonstrated to form epithelial morphogenesis. ARL4C overexpression, due to Wnt/β-catenin and EGF/Ras signaling alterations, was involved in tumorigenesis. It was also reported that ARL4C expression correlates with DNA hypomethylation in the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of ARL4C gene during lymphogenesis. The current study was conducted to investigate the expression and functions of ARL4C due to DNA hypomethylation in lung and tongue cancers. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from lung and tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients revealed that ARL4C is not observed in non-tumor regions, but is strongly expressed at high frequencies in tumor lesions. Although inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin or Ras/MAP kinase signaling did not decrease ARL4C expression in NCI-H520 lung SCC cells, ARL4C DNA was clearly hypomethylated in the 3’-UTR. Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) enzyme, which mediates DNA demethylation, was highly expressed in NCI-H520 cells. Knockout of TET family proteins (TET1-3) in NCI-H520 cells reduced 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels and promoted DNA methylation in the 3’-UTR, leading to the decrease in ARL4C expression and ARL4C-mediated cellular migration. In tumor lesions of ARL4C-positive lung SCC, 5hmC was frequently detected and DNA methylation in the 3’-UTR of ARL4C gene was lower than in non-tumor regions, which were consistent with the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. These results suggest that ARL4C is expressed due to hypomethylation in the 3’-UTR for certain types of cancers and that ARL4C methylation status is involved in cancer cell function.
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48
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Knockdown of ARL4C inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells through disruption of the Wnt signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:256-263. [PMID: 29432742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4C (ARL4C) has been shown to play an important role in cholesterol secretion, microtubule dynamics, and cell morphological changes. However, its role in osteogenesis has not been explored. In this study, we found that ARL4C is downregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs). Knockdown of ARL4C suppresses osteogenesis of hASCs in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that ARL4C knockdown likely attenuates osteogenesis of hASCs through inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation and provide a potential molecular target for bone tissue engineering.
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Hu Q, Masuda T, Sato K, Tobo T, Nambara S, Kidogami S, Hayashi N, Kuroda Y, Ito S, Eguchi H, Saeki H, Oki E, Maehara Y, Mimori K. Identification of ARL4C as a Peritoneal Dissemination-Associated Gene and Its Clinical Significance in Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 25:745-753. [PMID: 29270876 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-6292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gastric cancer (GC), peritoneal dissemination (PD) occurs frequently and is incurable. In this study, we aimed to identify PD-associated genes in GC. METHODS We identified a PD-associated gene using three GC datasets: highly disseminated peritoneal GC cell lines, the Singapore dataset and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. We assessed the clinicopathological significance of the gene expression using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and performed immunohistochemical analysis for the gene in our patient cohort. We also performed survival analyses of the gene in our patient cohort, the Singapore dataset and the GSE62254 datasets. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using the Singapore and TCGA datasets. Finally, in vitro experiments such as invasion/migration assays, immunofluorescence staining of actin filaments, epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment analysis, and gene expression analysis were conducted using three gene-knockdown GC cell lines (AGS, 58As9, MKN45). RESULTS ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4c (ARL4C) was identified as a PD-associated gene, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that ARL4C was overexpressed in GC cells. High ARL4C expression was associated with the depth of invasion (p < 0.01) and PD (p < 0.05) and was a poor prognostic factor (p < 0.05) in our patient cohort, the Singapore dataset and the GSE62254 dataset. ARL4C expression positively correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene set in GSEA. Moreover, ARL4C knockdown reduced invasion/migration capacity, SLUG expression, and the formation of lamellipodia or filopodia in AGS and 58As9 cells. Finally, EGF treatment increased ARL4C expression in MKN45 cells. CONCLUSIONS ARL4C was associated with PD and was a poor prognostic factor in GC, possibly through promoting invasive capacity by activation of both EMT and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Hu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Sato
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Taro Tobo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Sho Nambara
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Shinya Kidogami
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.
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Cagan R, Meyer P. Rethinking cancer: current challenges and opportunities in cancer research. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:349-352. [PMID: 28381596 PMCID: PMC5399574 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics currently have the lowest clinical trial success rate of all major diseases. Partly as a result of the paucity of successful anti-cancer drugs, cancer will soon be the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. As a disease embedded in the fundamentals of our biology, cancer presents difficult challenges that would benefit from uniting experts from a broad cross-section of related and unrelated fields. Combining extant approaches with novel ones could help in tackling this challenging health problem, enabling the development of therapeutics to stop disease progression and prolong patient lives. This goal provided the inspiration for a recent workshop titled ‘Rethinking Cancer’, which brought together a group of cancer scientists who work in the academic and pharmaceutical sectors of Europe, America and Asia. In this Editorial, we discuss the main themes emerging from the workshop, with the aim of providing a snapshot of key challenges faced by the cancer research community today. We also outline potential strategies for addressing some of these challenges, from understanding the basic evolution of cancer and improving its early detection to streamlining the thorny process of moving promising drug targets into clinical trials. Summary: Pablo Meyer and Ross Cagan discuss the main themes emerging from a recent workshop ‘Rethinking Cancer’, highlighting the key challenges faced by the research community and outlining potential strategies to promote translation of basic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Cagan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg 25-40, Campus Box 1020, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pablo Meyer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Annenberg 25-40, Campus Box 1020, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA .,Thomas J. Watson Computational Biology Center, IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
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