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Unal S, Savci C. The association between the coping attitudes and compulsive online buying behaviors of nurses. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 52:155-161. [PMID: 39260976 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the coping attitudes and compulsive online buying behaviors of nurses. METHODS This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 253 nurses working in a research and training hospital in Istanbul between June and December 2022. Data were collected using a 'Participant Information Form', the 'Coping Attitudes Assessment Scale (R-COPE)', and the 'Compulsive Online Shopping Scale (COSS)'. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The mean R-COPE score of the participants was 87.79 ± 10.40, and their mean COSS score was 26.00 ± 25.03. There was a negative and statistically significant correlation between the total R-COPE scores and the total COSS scores of the participants (p < 0.01). The coping attitudes (β = -0.147) were a significant and negative predictor of compulsive online buying behaviors. Marital status (β = 0.152), frequency of access to the internet (β = 0.273), frequency of online shopping (β = 0.365), and monthly amount of money spent for online shopping (β = 0.123) were significant and positive predictors of compulsive online buying behaviors. These variables collectively explained 33 % (R2 = 0.328, p = 0.000) of the total variance in the compulsive online buying behaviors of the participants. CONCLUSION Nurses had moderate levels of coping attitudes and low levels of compulsive online buying behaviors. Having low levels of coping attitudes, being single, accessing the internet frequently, doing online shopping frequently and spending a high amount of money for online shopping every month predicted the compulsive online buying behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Unal
- Istanbul Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemile Savci
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Huang IL, Liu CY, Chung MH. Sleep quality and internet addiction among junior college students; The mediating role of depression: A cross-sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 46:1-7. [PMID: 37813492 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the mediating effect of depression on the relationship between sleep quality and internet addiction in Taiwanese junior college students. We recruited 590 (53 males, 537 females) students, aged from 15 to 22 years from a day school of a junior college in northern Taiwan. We used a cross-sectional study design. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale, Chinese Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Adolescent Depression Scale were used as measurement instruments. Using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software package, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and inferential statistics were used to evaluate the participants' demographics and relationships between the study variables. The mediation model was tested using the Z test. The prevalence of internet addiction in junior college students was 21.2 %. The indirect effects were determined using Sobel's test and bootstrapping confirming that depression completely mediated the relationship between sleep quality and internet addiction. The findings would help to build holistic and comprehensive prevention and intervention programs that should be developed to reduce the addictive behaviors of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ling Huang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Liu
- Department of Healthcare Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Albikawi ZF. Anxiety, Depression, Self-Esteem, Internet Addiction and Predictors of Cyberbullying and Cybervictimization among Female Nursing University Students: A Cross Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4293. [PMID: 36901301 PMCID: PMC10001909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyberbullying and cybervictimization, which have been linked to the growth of the Internet and issues with mental health, can have serious psychological and academic consequences for young individuals, yet they have received relatively little scientific attention at universities. These phenomena have become an alarming social issue due to their rising rate and devastating physical and psychological effects on undergraduate university students. AIM to estimate the prevalence of depression, low self-esteem, cybervictimization, anxiety, cyberbullying, and Internet addiction among Saudi female nursing university students and to identify the factors that predict cybervictimization and cyberbullying. METHODS Convenience sampling was used to select 179 female nursing university students with an average age of 20.80 ± 1.62 years for the purpose of conducting a descriptive cross-sectional study. RESULTS The percentage of students who reported having low self-esteem was 19.55%, depression (30.17%), Internet addiction (49.16%), anxiety (34.64%), cyberbullying (20.67%), and cybervictimization (17.32%). There was an inverse relationship between students' self-esteem and their risk of engaging in cyberbullying (AOR = 0.782, 95% CI: 0.830-0.950, p = 0.002) or becoming cybervictims (AOR = 0.840, 95% CI: 0.810-0.920, p < 0.001). Further, Internet addiction predicted both cyberbullying (AOR = 1.028, 95% CI: 1.012-1.049, p = 0.003) and cybervictimization (AOR = 1.027, 95% CI: 1.010-1.042, p < 0.001). The likelihood of experiencing anxiety was linked to cyberbullying (AOR = 1.047, 95% CI: 1.031-1.139, p < 0.001) and cybervictimization (AOR = 1.042, 95% CI: 1.030-1.066, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Importantly, the findings suggest that programs designed to help university students avoid participating in cyberbullying activities or becoming cybervictims should take into account the influence of Internet addiction, mental health issues, and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Fatehi Albikawi
- Community and Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing Department, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait 39746, Saudi Arabia
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Li S, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Xu M, Wang X, Ma X. Internet gaming disorder and aggression: A meta-analysis of teenagers and young adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1111889. [PMID: 37089492 PMCID: PMC10115996 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and aggression (AG) are widespread phenomena around the world. Numerous studies have explored the relationship between the two but findings from such studies are inconsistent. The meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between IGD and AG as well as identify the variables moderating the relationship. Method Studies investigating the relationship between IGD and AG were searched using selected terms to identify studies published from 1999 to 2022 on CNKI, Wanfang Data, Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd. (VIP), Baidu scholar, ProQuest dissertations, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Elsevier Science (Science Direct), EBSCO, and PsycINFO. The identified studies were pooled and analyzed. Results A total of 30 samples comprising 20,790 subjects were identified. Results showed that there was a moderate relationship between IGD and AG (r = 0.300, 95%CI [0.246, 0.353]). Moderator analysis revealed that the relationship between IGD and AG was moderated by the region, age, and survey year. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicated that people with a higher level of IGD might show more aggression, and people with more aggression might have a higher level of IGD. The correlation coefficient between IGD and AG was significantly higher in Asia than in Europe, higher in primary school than in middle school and university, and higher by increasing year. Overall, our findings provide a basis for developing prevention and intervention strategies against IGD and AG. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022375267, 42022375267.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Li
- Center for Higher Education Development Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Normal University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhili Wu
- Center for Higher Education Development Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Normal University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxuan Zhang,
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Center for Higher Education Development Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Normal University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Center for Higher Education Development Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Normal University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
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Rathi M, Guha P, Neogi R. Internet addiction in adolescents: Role of family, personality and comorbid psychopathology in school children in Eastern India. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:408-414. [PMID: 36060726 PMCID: PMC9435623 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_783_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT There is an increasing prevalence of internet addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, but very few Indian studies have assessed and taken into account various factors that can explain internet addiction in this vulnerable population. AIMS We examine the differences in family functioning, temperament, character and psychopathology in adolescents with and without internet addiction. SETTINGS AND DESIGN 1000 adolescents from urban middle-class families were included in this cross-sectional, two-randomized-group designed, comparative study. Clinical and control group population were selected from high schools. Those with severe internet addiction were compared to those with no addiction. METHODS AND MATERIALS Internet Addiction Test, Temperament and Character Inventory, Devereux Scale of Mental Disorders and McMaster Family Assessment Device were administered along with General Health and CRAFFT Questionnaire as screening tool. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Mann-Whitney U test was done along with Spearman's rank-difference coefficient of correlation. RESULT Adolescents with internet addiction had high novelty seeking and low persistence. Internet addiction was also associated with conduct problems and depression. There was a significant positive association between depression and years of internet usage. Family of adolescents with internet addiction had increased difficulty in problem solving, communication, affective responsiveness, affective involvement and behavior control. CONCLUSION Adolescents with internet addiction have temperament difficulties, more psychopathology and belong to dysfunctional families. Since the family plays a central role in an Indian context, family-focused strategies must also be included in the management of internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Rathi
- Department of Applied Psychology, Calcutta University, West Bengal, India
| | - Prathama Guha
- Department of Psychiatry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajarshi Neogi
- Department of Psychiatry, R.G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Digital Addiction and Sleep. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116910. [PMID: 35682491 PMCID: PMC9179985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, the World Health Organization formally recognized addiction to digital technology (connected devices) as a worldwide problem, where excessive online activity and internet use lead to inability to manage time, energy, and attention during daytime and produce disturbed sleep patterns or insomnia during nighttime. Recent studies have shown that the problem has increased in magnitude worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent to which dysfunctional sleep is a consequence of altered motivation, memory function, mood, diet, and other lifestyle variables or results from excess of blue-light exposure when looking at digital device screens for long hours at day and night is one of many still unresolved questions. This article offers a narrative overview of some of the most recent literature on this topic. The analysis provided offers a conceptual basis for understanding digital addiction as one of the major reasons why people, and adolescents in particular, sleep less and less well in the digital age. It discusses definitions as well as mechanistic model accounts in context. Digital addiction is identified as functionally equivalent to all addictions, characterized by the compulsive, habitual, and uncontrolled use of digital devices and an excessively repeated engagement in a particular online behavior. Once the urge to be online has become uncontrollable, it is always accompanied by severe sleep loss, emotional distress, depression, and memory dysfunction. In extreme cases, it may lead to suicide. The syndrome has been linked to the known chronic effects of all drugs, producing disturbances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of the GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems. Dopamine and serotonin synaptic plasticity, essential for impulse control, memory, and sleep function, are measurably altered. The full spectrum of behavioral symptoms in digital addicts include eating disorders and withdrawal from outdoor and social life. Evidence pointing towards dysfunctional melatonin and vitamin D metabolism in digital addicts should be taken into account for carving out perspectives for treatment. The conclusions offer a holistic account for digital addiction, where sleep deficit is one of the key factors.
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Vessey JA, Difazio RL, Neil LK, Dorste A. Is There a Relationship Between Youth Bullying and Internet Addiction? An Integrative Review. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-25. [PMID: 35018144 PMCID: PMC8735727 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth bullying is a global public health problem; Internet addiction is on the rise globally among youths. Because the linkage between these behaviors has not been clearly explicated, this integrative review evaluated the relevant empirical evidence. A search of five electronic databases identified 2,761 original citations published between January 2000 and May 2019. After further abstract screening and detailed evaluation of 262 full-text articles, the final sample consisted of 14 prospective descriptive studies representing 10 countries. Review results clearly established that the relationship between bullying and Internet addiction is firmly supported; less is known as to the contribution of gender, age, and other demographic variables, their impact on health outcomes, problematic behaviors, and the role of parental mediation. Inconsistent definitions and instrumentation and lack of sophisticated study designs limited the synthesis of findings. Future research is needed to explicate these relationships, so data-driven interventions can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Vessey
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA
- Medicine Patient Services, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rachel L. Difazio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine , Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura K. Neil
- Hematology/Oncology Nursing, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Anna Dorste
- Medical Library, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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TERROSO LB, PANTE M, KRIMBERG2 JS, ALMEIDA RMMD. Prevalence of internet addiction and its association to impulsivity, aggression, depression, and anxiety in young adult university students. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0275202239e200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The increasing availability of the Internet, although with many positive effects for most, has triggered addictive effects for part of the population. They experience social isolation due to Internet overuse and, when deprived of it, they feel anxiety, fissure, and psychomotor agitation. This study investigated associations among Internet addiction, demographic and cognitive variables, such as impulsivity, aggression, and depressive and/or anxiety symptoms. In this study, 1,485 young adults (67.9% women) were assessed using four psychological instruments. It was found that 19.1% of the participants presented a moderate or severe internet addiction, with men having a higher prevalence (45.0%). The risk population also included individuals who use the Internet for gaming and residents of the Northeastern region of Brazil. Moreover, a higher index of motor or attentional impulsivity, or more depressive symptoms, seems to increase the prevalence of Internet Addiction, requiring greater attention in preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina PANTE
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Shetty K, Tewathia N, Bamney U, Rawat V. Micro- and macro-level economic implications of digital addictions: A case study. MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_199_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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10
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Gupta AK, Upreti D, Shrestha S, Sawant S, Karki U, Shoib S. Adolescent-parent conflict in the era of ‘TikTok’: Case reports from Nepal. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Substance and Internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:491. [PMID: 34556627 PMCID: PMC8459580 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has adversely influenced human physical and mental health, including emotional disorders and addictions. This study examined substance and Internet use behavior and their associations with anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online self-report questionnaire was administered to 2196 Chinese adults between February 17 and 29, 2020. The questionnaire contained the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), questions on demographic information, and items about substance and Internet use characteristics. Our results revealed that males consumed less alcohol (p < 0.001) and areca-nut (p = 0.012) during the pandemic than before the pandemic. Age, gender, education status, and occupation significantly differed among increased substance users, regular substance users, and nonsubstance users. Time spent on the Internet was significantly longer during the pandemic (p < 0.001) and 72% of participants reported increased dependence on the Internet. Compared to regular Internet users, increased users were more likely to be younger and female. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age <33 years (OR = 2.034, p < 0.001), increased substance use (OR = 3.439, p < 0.001), and increased Internet use (OR = 1.914, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with depression. Moreover, anxiety was significantly related to female gender (OR = 2.065, p < 0.001), "unmarried" status (OR = 1.480, p = 0.017), nonstudents (OR = 1.946-3.030, p = 0.001), and increased substance use (OR = 4.291, p < 0.001). Although there was a significant decrease in social substance use during the pandemic, more attention should be paid to increased Internet use. Increased Internet use was significantly associated with both anxiety and depression, and increased substance use was related to depression. Professional support should be provided to vulnerable individuals to prevent addiction.
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Forster M, Rogers CJ, Sussman S, Watts J, Rahman T, Yu S, Benjamin SM. Can Adverse Childhood Experiences Heighten Risk for Problematic Internet and Smartphone Use? Findings from a College Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115978. [PMID: 34199554 PMCID: PMC8199656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: College students are among the heaviest users of smartphones and the Internet, and there is growing concern regarding problematic Internet (PIU) and smartphone use (PSU). A subset of adverse childhood experiences, household dysfunction [(HHD) e.g.; parental substance use, mental illness, incarceration, suicide, intimate partner violence, separation/divorce, homelessness], are robust predictors of behavioral disorders; however, few studies have investigated the link between HHD and PIU and PSU and potential protective factors, such as social support, among students. Methods: Data are from a diverse California student sample (N = 1027). The Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version and Internet Addiction Test assessed dimensions of addiction. Regression models tested associations between students’ level of HHD (No HHD, 1–3 HHD, ≥4 HHD) and PSU and PIU, and the role of extrafamilial social support in these relationships, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, SES, employment loss due to COVID-19, and depression. Results: Compared to students reporting no HHD, students with ≥4 HHD had twice the odds (AOR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.21–3.40) of meeting criteria for PSU, while students with 1–3 HHD and ≥4 HHD had three and six times the odds of moderate to severe PIU (AORs: 2.03–2.46, CI:1.21–3.96) after adjusting for covariates. Extrafamilial social support was inversely associated with PIU and moderated the HHD–PSU association for students with 1–3 HHD. Conclusion: Students exposed to HHD may be especially vulnerable to developing behavioral addictions such as PSU and PIU. Extrafamilial social support offset the negative effects of HHD for PSU among the moderate risk group; implications for prevention efforts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA 91330, USA; (J.W.); (S.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher J. Rogers
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Steven Sussman
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jonathan Watts
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA 91330, USA; (J.W.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Tahsin Rahman
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sheila Yu
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Stephanie M. Benjamin
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA 91330, USA; (J.W.); (S.M.B.)
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Di Carlo F, Pettorruso M, Alessi MC, Picutti E, Collevecchio R, Migliara G, Baroni G, Gambi F, Cinosi E, Martinotti G, Grant JE, di Giannantonio M. Characterizing the building blocks of Problematic Use of the Internet (PUI): The role of obsessional impulses and impulsivity traits among Italian young adults. Compr Psychiatry 2021; 106:152225. [PMID: 33581451 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic Use of the Internet (PUI) is a considerable issue of the modern era, but its risk factors are still poorly understood. Impulsivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms have been associated with PUI, but this relationship is still debated. In this article we focus on the relationships of PUI with obsessive-compulsive and impulsive symptoms in a cohort of Italian young adults, in order to identify possible vulnerability factors for PUI. METHODS A sample of 772 Italian individuals aged 18-30 (mean age 23.3 ± 3.3 years old; 38% males and 62% females) was assessed via online survey using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Screen, the Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). RESULTS Ninety-seven subjects (12.6% of the sample) reported IAT scores at risk for PUI. PUI participants reported higher levels of impulsivity, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and a higher burden of co-occurrent psychiatric symptoms. In a logistic regression model, obsessional impulses to harm (OR = 1.108, p < 0.001), attentional impulsivity (OR = 1.155, p < 0.001) and depressive symptomatology (OR = 1.246, p = 0.012) had significant association with PUI. Finally, higher severity of PUI has been associated with manic/psychotic symptoms and with attentional impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed the role of impulsivity in PUI, while also underling the association of obsessional impulses with this pathological behavior. We could hypothesize a trigger role of obsessive impulses for the engagement in PUI, together with factors as negative affective states. Further research is needed with respect to more severe forms of PUI, also for establishing tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Alessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Picutti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rebecca Collevecchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Baroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Gambi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eduardo Cinosi
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Herts, UK
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Massimo di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Nik Jaafar NR, Bahar N, Ibrahim N, Baharudin A, Wan Ismail WS, Sim ST, Abdul Aziz M, Tan KA. Are Malaysian Youths Overdependent on the Internet?: A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:710790. [PMID: 34484002 PMCID: PMC8414518 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.710790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overdependence on the internet is a grave concern that has enveloped Malaysian youths which could lead to a variety of sequelae. This narrative review aims to determine the definition of internet overdependence and its associated factors, as well as the potential preventive and treatment strategies for internet overdependence. From the literature, internet overdependence is regarded as a 3-factor model encompassing salience, self-control failure, and serious consequences. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as psychosocial factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness, were found to be associated with internet overdependence among Malaysian youths. A multimodal treatment approach is recommended by the implementation of various types of treatments, integrating disciplines such as pharmacology, psychotherapy, and family counseling. Despite various terminologies being used and unclear conceptualization of its nomenclature, overdependence on the internet is prevalent among youths in Malaysia. Future research should go toward establishing a clear definition of its terminology and attaining more robust evidence on treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Norharlina Bahar
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Prince Court Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normala Ibrahim
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Azlin Baharudin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Salwina Wan Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Su Tein Sim
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,AHL Specialist Clinic, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Melisa Abdul Aziz
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Aun Tan
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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15
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Sechi C, Loi G, Cabras C. Addictive internet behaviors: The role of trait emotional intelligence, self-esteem, age, and gender. Scand J Psychol 2020; 62:409-417. [PMID: 33278039 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Internet is essential part of everyday life and certainly facilitate it on several levels. It is a helpful information tool, and knowledge, but its unlimited range often is risky for users. The behaviors and outcomes of internet abuse have already been well-documented in the literature; less is known about the role of personal factors that reinforce internet addiction. Based on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model (I-PACE), the current study investigates the role of trait emotional intelligence and self-esteem, age, and gender in relation to addictive internet behaviors. We conducted an online investigation among respondents. The participants were Italian university students who voluntarily completed the Abuse Internet Addiction scale (UADI) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale. Path analysis results revealed that both trait emotional intelligence and self-esteem had a protective direct effect on addictive internet behaviors. Age negatively affects addictive internet behaviors; younger are more likely to develop addictive internet behaviors than older individuals. Finally, we did not find an effect of gender on addictive internet behaviors. Our results suggest the need to develop prevention plans for addictive internet behaviors and educational programs to increase emotional intelligence and self-esteem components to help younger to improve interpersonal and emotional management skills to better handle their internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sechi
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Loi
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Cabras
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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16
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Marzilli E, Cerniglia L, Ballarotto G, Cimino S. Internet Addiction among Young Adult University Students: The Complex Interplay between Family Functioning, Impulsivity, Depression, and Anxiety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218231. [PMID: 33171742 PMCID: PMC7664422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
International research has underlined that both interpersonal, self-regulation, and comorbid variables can lead to a higher risk of developing internet addiction (IA) among young adults. To date, no studies have explored the interplay between young adults’ family functioning, impulsivity, and psychopathological difficulties. In a community sample of 244 young adult university students, this study aims to assess the relationship between young adults’ IA and young adults’ gender, the perception of their family functioning, impulsivity level, and depressive and anxiety symptoms, considering the possible interplay between these variables. The presence and the severity of IA were addressed through the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Moreover, young adults filled out self-reporting questionnaires, assessing their perception of family functioning and their impulsivity levels and psychopathological symptoms. Results showed no significant association between the youth’s gender and IA. However, moderately addicted young adults were more likely to report poorer quality of family affective involvement and higher attentional impulsivity and depressive problems than other groups. Moreover, young adults’ attentional impulsivity mediated the relationship between family affective involvement and IA. This study provides new evidence on the complex interaction between individuals and interpersonal risk factors involved in IA among young adults, with important implications for the planning of intervention treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Marzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, cap. 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, 00186 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giulia Ballarotto
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, cap. 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1, cap. 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (S.C.)
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17
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The Change in Students’ Attitude towards Favourable and Unfavourable Factors of Online Learning Environments. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12197960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to present the results of a study on favourable and unfavourable factors of using online learning environments in the study process as a digital learning strategy to promote education for sustainable development. Technologies have changed traditional face-to-face classrooms through online environments to hybrid learning spaces. Personal experiences and expectations are part of these hybrid learning setups and learner-positive attitudes to such sessions could contribute to the effectiveness of hybrid learning and student satisfaction. The quasi-experiment was carried out to determine the attitude of students towards favourable and unfavourable factors of using an online learning environment (OLE) in the study process. Five groups of students studied for one semester using the flipped classroom method. The sample was made up of 106 secondary school students, selected by means of non-probability sampling. Students were given pre-test and post-test questionnaires in the beginning and at the end of the semester. Favourable factors of using an online learning environment identified by students in the beginning of the quasi-experiment were grouped in five categories: material resources/base; teacher personality; student personality, information presentation and increase of accessibility at the institutional level. As students gain more experience in using an OLE for learning, it is not technical issues and computer literacy that become important, but students’ and teachers’ attitudes and the motivation to improve and learn. At the end of the project, the participants emphasised other favourable factors: continuous uploading of materials, convenience of use and the promotion of online learning environments for studies in all subjects. The role of the teacher while using an online learning environment was highlighted. This research contributes to the improvement of teacher pedagogical competences, creating conditions for increasing student satisfaction.
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Awasthi S, Kaur A, Solanki HK, Pamei G, Bhatt M. Smartphone use and the quality of life of medical students in the Kumaun Region, Uttarakhand. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4252-4258. [PMID: 33110841 PMCID: PMC7586620 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_805_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Once a device for telecommunication, now a powerful device bringing the whole world in one's palm, smartphones are increasingly becoming a common commodity among the medical students. Smartphones foster social interaction and facilitate multitasking and learning, but they also have some adverse effects. Young people, especially students, who are always inquisitive towards new technology, are likely to be affected by both these positive and negative impacts. Objective: To assess smartphone use and its association with the quality of life (QOL) of medical students. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the undergraduate medical students of Government Medical College (GMC), Haldwani. All the students enrolled in MBBS course in GMC, Haldwani, who gave consent for participation and were present on the day of questionnaire administration, were included in the study. Smartphone addiction scale (SAS-SV), and WHO-BREF questionnaires for QOL were used for assessing smartphone use, and QOL of the medical students, respectively. Results: A total of 395 medical students were included in the study; out of them, 42% considered themselves addicted to the smartphone. According to SAS-SV, smartphone addiction was found among 43.8% medical students. It was seen that the junior-most and senior-most batches were significantly less addicted to the smartphone (p-value < 0.001). Male students were more addicted (OR = 1.45, CI = 0.962–2.174) to the smartphone as compared to females. The QOL of the students was significantly affected by smartphone use in all domains assessed (p-value ranging from < 0.001 to 0.002). Conclusions: Smartphone addiction is high among medical students and it has a significant negative impact on their QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Awasthi
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine, AIIMS, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Hariom Kumar Solanki
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, GB Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaihemlung Pamei
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Maneesh Bhatt
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
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19
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Michaelson V, Steeves V. "I'll use it differently now": using dual-systems theory to explore youth engagement with networked technologies. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2020; 111:1033-1040. [PMID: 32642970 PMCID: PMC7728836 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many young Canadians experience high levels of networked connectivity, which some suggest may negatively impact their health. Adult monitoring has not been shown to be an effective long-term strategy for supporting young people in healthy engagement with tech. In this study, we explore the benefits of empowering young people to set healthy goals and monitor themselves. We engage with Shapka's (2019) critique of dual-systems theory, and consider the relationship between the neurological and behavioural systems in relation to adolescent internet use. METHODS Using a youth participatory action research approach, we co-designed a project with six adolescents to explore the ways that their use of networked technologies was affecting their lives by disconnecting and observing how the lack of networked connectivity changed their experiences. The youth used a media diary to track their use of devices both before and after disconnecting. RESULTS The main benefit of disconnecting appeared to be having the opportunity to reflect on one's own use of networked devices. This enabled the participants to reconnect in a more intentional way. Findings support Shapka's speculation that dual-systems theory, with a focus on regulation, may not be the most useful way of supporting adolescents in developing healthy habits around their wired tech. CONCLUSION Adolescent experiences of networked technologies are complex, yet they are able to navigate this landscape with intelligent strategies. Their self-directed exploration of disconnection helped them to become reflexive practitioners who were able to revisit their use of networked technologies with new insights and self-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Michaelson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Valerie Steeves
- Department of Criminology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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20
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Restrepo A, Scheininger T, Clucas J, Alexander L, Salum GA, Georgiades K, Paksarian D, Merikangas KR, Milham MP. Problematic internet use in children and adolescents: associations with psychiatric disorders and impairment. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:252. [PMID: 32456610 PMCID: PMC7251845 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic internet use (PIU) is an increasingly worrisome issue, as youth population studies are establishing links with internalizing and externalizing problems. There is a need for a better understanding of psychiatric diagnostic profiles associated with this issue, as well as its unique contributions to impairment. Here, we leveraged the ongoing, large-scale Child Mind Institute Healthy Brain Network, a transdiagnostic self-referred, community sample of children and adolescents (ages 5-21), to examine the associations between PIU and psychopathology, general impairment, physical health and sleep disturbances. METHODS A total sample of 564 (190 female) participants between the ages of 7-15 (mean = 10.80, SD = 2.16), along with their parents/guardians, completed diagnostic interviews with clinicians, answered a wide range of self-report (SR) and parent-report (PR) questionnaires, including the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and underwent physical testing as part of the Healthy Brain Network protocol. RESULTS PIU was positively associated with depressive disorders (SR: aOR = 2.43, CI: 1.22-4.74, p = .01; PR: aOR = 2.56, CI: 1.31-5.05, p = .01), the combined presentation of ADHD (SR: aOR = 1.91, CI: 1.14-3.22, p = .01; PR: n.s.), Autism Spectrum Disorder (SR: n.s.; PR: aOR = 2.24, CI: 1.34-3.73, p < .001), greater levels of impairment (SR: Standardized Beta = 4.63, CI: 3.06-6.20, p < .001; PR: Standardized Beta = 5.05, CI: 3.67-6.42, p < .001) and increased sleep disturbances (SR: Standardized Beta = 3.15, CI: 0.71-5.59, p = .01; PR: Standardized Beta = 3.55, CI: 1.34-5.75, p < .001), even when accounting for demographic covariates and psychiatric comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS The association between PIU and psychopathology, as well as its impact on impairment and sleep disturbances, highlight the urgent need to gain an understanding of mechanisms in order to inform public health recommendations on internet use in U.S. youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Restrepo
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Healthy Brain Network, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Tohar Scheininger
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Healthy Brain Network, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Jon Clucas
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033MATTER Lab, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Lindsay Alexander
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Healthy Brain Network, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Giovanni A. Salum
- grid.8532.c0000 0001 2200 7498Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kathy Georgiades
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Diana Paksarian
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kathleen R. Merikangas
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michael P. Milham
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Healthy Brain Network, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA ,grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA ,grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA ,grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
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21
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Martinez-Pecino R, Garcia-Gavilán M. Likes and Problematic Instagram Use: The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2019; 22:412-416. [PMID: 31107106 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mobile devices have contributed to fuel Internet use and in particular social network sites. Instagram has now become one of the most popular social network sites. Along with this growth, concerns arise about problematic use. "Likes" are one of the main factors catching people's attention due to their rewarding power. Particularly, during adolescence, likes are considered a sign of social approval. Surprisingly, the study of likes relationship to problematic use is scarce. In contrast, the direct effect of variables such as self-esteem on problematic use has been widely analyzed, but moderation studies to underscore the dynamics with other variables are scarce. The aim of this study is to expand current literature by analyzing the influence of likes and self-esteem on Instagram problematic use and the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between likes and problematic use. Participants were 244 teenagers. Regression analysis with Process macro for SPSS evidence the impact of likes on problematic use and the moderating role of self-esteem, serving as a protective factor, so that the impact of likes increase on problematic use is lower in participants with higher self-esteem compared to those with lower self-esteem. Results open the door for future research as well as for intervention efforts to benefit from social network use, while reducing teen's problematic use.
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Saikia AM, Das J, Barman P, Bharali MD. Internet Addiction and its Relationships with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Urban Adolescents of Kamrup District, Assam. J Family Community Med 2019; 26:108-112. [PMID: 31143082 PMCID: PMC6515762 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_93_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In these modern times of digitization, the use of Internet has become an integral part of everyday life, especially the lives of adolescents. At the same time, Internet addiction has emerged as a serious affliction. However, the impact of Internet addiction on these crucial years of life has not been well studied in India. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction in adolescents of the urban areas of Kamrup district and assess its association with depression, anxiety, and stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of higher secondary schools/colleges in the urban areas of Kamrup district in Assam. Out of 103 government and private higher secondary school/colleges of Kamrup district, Assam, 10 colleges were selected randomly, and a total of 440 students were enrolled in the study. A pretested, predesigned questionnaire, Young's Internet Addiction Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS21) were used in the study. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to assess the association between Internet addiction and depression, stress, and anxiety. RESULTS Majority (73.1%) of the respondents were females, and mean age was 17.21 years. The prevalence of Internet addiction was 80.7%. The main purpose of using Internet was social networking (71.4%) followed by study (42.1%), and majority (42.1%) reported spending 3-6 hours a day on internet. There was a significant association between Internet addiction and stress (odds ratio=12), depression (odds ratio=14), and anxiety (odds ratio=3.3). CONCLUSION Internet addiction is a serious problem with a profound impact on mental health. Therefore, early intervention is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anku M. Saikia
- Department of Community Medicine, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Jahnabi Das
- Department of Community Medicine, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Pavel Barman
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Narayana Hrudalaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mintu D. Bharali
- Department of Community Medicine, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
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23
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Dufour M, Gagnon SR, Nadeau L, Légaré AA, Laverdière É. [Clinical profile of adolescents being treated for problematic internet use]. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2019; 64:136-144. [PMID: 30278788 PMCID: PMC6405807 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718800698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study highlights the clinical profile of adolescents having consulted with an addiction treatment center (ATC) in Québec for a problematic internet use (PIU) to develop knowledge about these specific clients and precisely target their needs relative to treatment. METHOD The study was conducted with 80 adolescents between ages 14 and 17 (M = 15.59) who had consulted with an ACT for a PIU. Adolescents have participated in an interview documenting internet use patterns and their consequences, mental health disorder co-occurrence, and family and social relationships. RESULTS The sample was constituted of 75 boys (93.8%) and 5 girls (6.3%), who spent an average of 55.8 hours (SD = 27.22) per week on internet for non-school or professional activities. Almost all of these youths (97.5%) presented a co-occurring mental health disorder, and more than 70% had seeked help last year for a psychological problem. Results show that 92.6% feel their internet use significantly hinders their family relationships, and 50% feel it impedes their social relationships. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the multiple difficulties experienced by adolescents in need of a treatment for their PIU. The presence of co-occurring mental health disorders and relational difficulties among them underlines the need to develop and implement in ACTs integrated assessments and treatments that target not only online activities, but also all of life domains that can be affected by PIU. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS - PIU adolescents are mainly boys who report problematic use of video games. - Almost all young people who consult for PIU have comorbid mental health problems and difficulties in their relation. - The study highlights the need to offer to this clientele an integrated assessment and treatment services that target all areas of their lives who are likely to be affected, to contribute or maintain the PIU. LIMITATIONS - This study was conducted with a convenience sample and the results are representative of young people who have visited a treatment center for addiction. The generalization of results to all adolescents with PIU is limited. - Considering that PIU are subject to cultural influence, the scope of this study is limited to populations living in a culture similar to that of Quebec and Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Dufour
- 1 Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie R Gagnon
- 2 Centre de réadaptation en dépendance de Terrebonne, Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux du Nord de Lanaudière, Terrebonne, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louise Nadeau
- 3 Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Légaré
- 4 Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke (Campus de Longueuil), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Émélie Laverdière
- 4 Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke (Campus de Longueuil), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
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The role of depression, personality, and future time perspective in internet addiction in adolescents and emerging adults. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:340-348. [PMID: 30599437 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in the popularity of the Internet, more and more of its users are becoming addicted to it. Special focus in this study is placed on adolescents and emerging adults who constitute the largest number of users in Poland. The participants in the study were 718 individuals aged 12 to 30 (M = 17.57, SD = 3.63). There were two groups: 390 adolescents (aged 12-17 years, M = 14.71 years, SD = 0.99; 192 females) and 328 emerging adults (aged 18-30 years, M = 20.96 years, SD = 2.54; 197 females). The respondents completed: the Polish versions of Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the IPIP-BFM-20 questionnaire measuring the Big Five, and the Future Time Perspective Questionnaire. The results showed that depression had the highest predictive power for IA. Personality traits were related to Internet addiction. In both groups, conscientiousness and agreeableness had negative contribution to Internet addiction. In the group of adolescents extraversion was a positive predictor of IA, whereas in emerging adults intellect was a negative predictor of IA. FTP long and FTP goals were predictors of IA in the group of emerging adults.
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25
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Problematic internet use and its correlates among resident doctors of a tertiary care hospital of North India: A cross-sectional study. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 39:42-47. [PMID: 30529568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic Internet use/ Internet addiction (IA) has gained the attention of mental health professionals recently and studies have found that medical professionals are not immune to IA with prevalence rate ranging from 2.8 to 8%. Few studies from India have also reported high rates of IA among medical students. The term 'Problematic internet use' is being increasing used nowadays in place of IA as it signifies a better terminology than the word 'addiction' per se. However, there is lack of information among resident doctors. AIM To evaluate the prevalence of problematic Internet use and its association with depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and health care outcomes among resident doctors working in a government funded tertiary care Institute. MATERIALS & METHODS An online e-mail survey was carried out among medical professionals (a total of 1721 doctors) in a tertiary care hospital located in Chandigarh, India out of whom 376 responded. The residents doctors were the postgraduate trainees (MBBS) and those residents who have complete post-graduation and working as senior residents/registrar (MBBS, MD/MS). They were in the age group ranging from 24 to 39 years. The survey included Young's Internet addiction test (IAT), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and a self designed questionnaire to assess the health care related outcomes. RESULTS On IAT, 142 residents (37.8%) scored <20 i.e., normal users and 203 residents (54%) had mild addiction. Only 31 residents (8.24%) had moderate addiction category, none of the residents had severe IA (score>80). Those with IA reported higher level of depressive symptoms, perceived stress and burnout. There was positive association between ever use of alcohol and watching pornography (as a part of recreational activities) with IA. Significantly higher proportion of those with IA, reported having faced physical abuse and verbal abuse in the hands of the patients/caregivers. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that about 8.24% of resident doctors have Problematic internet use/IA. Problematic internet use/IA is associated with presence of higher level of depressive symptoms, perceived stress and burn out. Further, Problematic internet use/IA is also associated with higher likelihood of facing violence in the hands of patients and their caregivers.
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Problematic internet use as an age-related multifaceted problem: Evidence from a two-site survey. Addict Behav 2018; 81:157-166. [PMID: 29459201 PMCID: PMC5849299 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Problematic internet use (PIU; otherwise known as Internet Addiction) is a growing problem in modern societies. There is scarce knowledge of the demographic variables and specific internet activities associated with PIU and a limited understanding of how PIU should be conceptualized. Our aim was to identify specific internet activities associated with PIU and explore the moderating role of age and gender in those associations. METHODS We recruited 1749 participants aged 18 and above via media advertisements in an Internet-based survey at two sites, one in the US, and one in South Africa; we utilized Lasso regression for the analysis. RESULTS Specific internet activities were associated with higher problematic internet use scores, including general surfing (lasso β: 2.1), internet gaming (β: 0.6), online shopping (β: 1.4), use of online auction websites (β: 0.027), social networking (β: 0.46) and use of online pornography (β: 1.0). Age moderated the relationship between PIU and role-playing-games (β: 0.33), online gambling (β: 0.15), use of auction websites (β: 0.35) and streaming media (β: 0.35), with older age associated with higher levels of PIU. There was inconclusive evidence for gender and gender × internet activities being associated with problematic internet use scores. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and social anxiety disorder were associated with high PIU scores in young participants (age ≤ 25, β: 0.35 and 0.65 respectively), whereas generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were associated with high PIU scores in the older participants (age > 55, β: 6.4 and 4.3 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Many types of online behavior (e.g. shopping, pornography, general surfing) bear a stronger relationship with maladaptive use of the internet than gaming supporting the diagnostic classification of problematic internet use as a multifaceted disorder. Furthermore, internet activities and psychiatric diagnoses associated with problematic internet use vary with age, with public health implications.
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Smart phone addiction and mindfulness: an intergenerational comparison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MARKETING 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/ijphm-08-2016-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Young consumers are particularly vulnerable to the addictive nature of smart phone technology. This paper aims to investigate the smart phone addiction cycle and health outcomes of young and old consumers from the lens of consumers’ mindfulness traits.
Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative and quantitative studies reveal that the lack of mindfulness, measured as a mindless trait, is strongly associated with smart phone addictions and health and quality of life outcomes.
Findings
Differences in mindlessness and smart phone-generated health outcomes are found between younger and older consumers. The negative impact of mindlessness on quality of life was greater for younger adults than older adults.
Research limitations/implications
This research establishes baseline effects between the mindless trait and smart phone addiction levels.
Practical implications
Paper suggests the marketing of mindfulness programs and the use of marketplace apps to combat addiction issues.
Social implications
Smart phone addiction is a growing problem, and this paper contributes to the understanding of the problem and offers societal solutions for its resolution.
Originality/value
This is the first empirical paper to investigate the connection between a mindless trait and smart phone tendencies and resulting health outcomes.
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Grammenos P, Syrengela NA, Magkos E, Tsohou A. Internet Addiction of Young Greek Adults: Psychological Aspects and Information Privacy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 989:67-78. [PMID: 28971417 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57348-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to examine the Internet addiction status of Greek young adults, aged from 18 to 25, using Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and self-administered questionnaires. In addition this paper assesses the psychological traits of addicted persons per addiction category, using the big five factor model tool to study the user's personality and analyze the components that lead a person to become Internet addicted. Furthermore, we found an association between addicted people and the five factors from the Big Five Factor Model; i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience. Moreover, this paper discusses information privacy awareness issues related to Internet Addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grammenos
- Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Plateia Tsirigoti 7, 49100, Corfu, Greece
| | - N A Syrengela
- Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Plateia Tsirigoti 7, 49100, Corfu, Greece
| | - E Magkos
- Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Plateia Tsirigoti 7, 49100, Corfu, Greece.
| | - A Tsohou
- Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Plateia Tsirigoti 7, 49100, Corfu, Greece
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Harris KM, Starcevic V, Ma J, Zhang W, Aboujaoude E. Suicidality, psychopathology, and the internet: Online time vs. online behaviors. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:341-346. [PMID: 28601719 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether several psychopathology variables, including suicidality, could predict the time people spend using the internet (hours online). Next, we examined a specific at-risk population (suicidal individuals) by their online behaviors, comparing suicidal individuals who went online for suicide-related purposes with suicidal individuals who did not go online for suicide-related purposes. An anonymous online sample of 713 (aged 18-71) reported hours online, psychiatric histories, and completed several standardized scales. After accounting for age and education, hierarchical regression modeling showed that the assessed psychopathology variables, including suicidality, did not explain significant variance in hours online. Hours online were better predicted by younger age, greater willingness to develop online relationships, higher perceived social support, higher curiosity, and lower extraversion. Suicidal participants, who did or did not go online for suicide-related purposes, did not differ on hours online. Multiple regression modeling showed that those who went online for suicide-related purposes were likely to be younger, more suicidal, and more willing to seek help from online mental health professionals. These findings revealed that hours online are not a valid indicator of psychopathology. However, studying online behaviors of specific at-risk groups could be informative and useful, including for suicide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Harris
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Sydney Medical School - Nepean, Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney/Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing Ma
- MBA School, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Elias Aboujaoude
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA
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Stavropoulos V, Gomez R, Steen E, Beard C, Liew L, Griffiths MD. The longitudinal association between anxiety and Internet addiction in adolescence: The moderating effect of classroom extraversion. J Behav Addict 2017; 6:237-247. [PMID: 28517956 PMCID: PMC5520123 DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The risk effect of anxiety on addictive behaviors, including Internet addiction (IA), has repeatedly been highlighted in the international literature. However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies examining this association in relation to proximal context effects, particularly in adolescence. Such findings would shed light on potential age- and proximal context-related variations in the anxiety-IA association that could better inform IA prevention and intervention initiatives. Methods In this study, 648 adolescents, embedded in 34 classrooms, were assessed at the age of 16 and again at the age of 18 to examine the effect of anxiety on IA behaviors in relation to the average level of classroom extraversion. IA was assessed with the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998), anxiety with the relevant subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90 - Revised (Derogatis & Savitz, 1999) and classroom extraversion with the synonymous subscale of the Five Factor Questionnaire (Asendorpf & van Aken, 2003). A three-level hierarchical linear model was calculated. Results The present findings demonstrated that: (a) higher levels of anxiety were significantly associated with higher IA behaviors, (b) the strength of this association did not vary over time (between 16 and 18 years old), and (c) however, it tended to weaken within classrooms higher in extraversion. Discussion This study indicated that the contribution of individual IA risk factors might differently unfold within different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Stavropoulos
- Department of Psychology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece,Department of Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia,Corresponding author: Vasileios Stavropoulos; School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Office H206, Building H, Mt Helen Campus, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; Phone: +61 0450903687; Fax: +61 353279018; E-mail:
| | - Rapson Gomez
- Department of Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Eloisa Steen
- Department of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charlotte Beard
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lucas Liew
- Department of Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Kim K, Lee H, Hong JP, Cho MJ, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Kim DJ, Jeon HJ. Poor sleep quality and suicide attempt among adults with internet addiction: A nationwide community sample of Korea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174619. [PMID: 28384238 PMCID: PMC5383038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Internet addiction (IA) is defined as a psychological dependence on the internet, regardless of the type of activities once logged on, and previous studies have focused on adolescents and young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between suicide attempts and sleep among community-dwelling adults with IA. Methods The Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI) and a suicide questionnaire were used in this cross-sectional multistage, cluster sampling population-based study. A total of 3212 adults aged 18–64 years were interviewed face-to-face, and they had been randomly selected through a one-person-per-household method. Results Of the 3212 adults, 204 were assessed as having IA (6.35%). Adults with IA were younger, and more frequently male, unmarried, and unemployed, and had poorer sleep quality than adults without IA (32.8% vs. 19.8%), whereas there was no significant difference in the absolute duration of sleep between the two groups. Adults with IA showed more frequent difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, non-restorative sleep, daytime functional impairment, and duration of sleep more than 10 hours on weekdays than adults without IA. IA with poor sleep quality was significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI 1.38–8.05) after adjusting for demographic covariates. Adults with IA who had more sleep problems showed more severe IA, especially those who experienced a previous suicidal attempt. Among mental disorders, IA with poor sleep quality was significantly associated with anxiety disorder and overall psychiatric disorders. Conclusions Among adults with IA, poor sleep quality was found to be associated with more severe IA and lifetime suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haewoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Maeng Je Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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The associations between internet use time and school performance among Korean adolescents differ according to the purpose of internet use. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174878. [PMID: 28369147 PMCID: PMC5378357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although overuse of the internet has been suggested to be related to poor academic performance, the effects of internet use for education on academic performance showed conflict results in previous studies. Accordingly, the associations of school performance with internet use for study and for general purpose were explored in a large population of Korean adolescents. Cross-sectional data from the 2013 Korean Youth Risk Behaviour Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) were retrieved for 59,105 12- to 18-year-old adolescents. The associations between school performance and internet use were analysed using multinomial logistic regression with complex sampling. Days of physical activity, sex, obesity, region of residence, income level, parental education level, stress, sleep time, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and total study time were recorded and adjusted for as confounders. Higher school performance was positively associated with longer internet use for study (adjusted odds ratio, AOR, of 2+ h [95% confidence interval] = 2.43 [2.10-2.82], 2.02 [1.78-2.30], 1.66 [1.46-1.89], and 1.30 [1.15-1.47] for performance groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, P < 0.001) but negatively associated with longer internet use for general purpose (AOR of 3+ h [95% confidence interval] = 0.68 [0.60-0.78], 0.85 [0.76-0.94], 0.83 [0.75-0.92], and 0.98 [0.89-1.08] for performance groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, P < 0.001). Higher school performance significantly positively correlated with internet use for study but negatively correlated with internet use for general purpose. Academic use of the internet could be a means of achieving good school performance.
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Stavropoulos V, Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD, Wilson P, Motti-Stefanidi F. MMORPG gaming and hostility predict Internet Addiction symptoms in adolescents: An empirical multilevel longitudinal study. Addict Behav 2017; 64:294-300. [PMID: 26410795 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Stavropoulos
- University of Athens, 304/218 High Street, Ashburton, Victoria P.C. 3147, Greece.
| | | | | | - Peter Wilson
- Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Pde., Melbourne VIC 3065, Australia.
| | - Frosso Motti-Stefanidi
- University of Athens, School of Philosophy, Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, Athens, P.C. 157 84, Greece.
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Ioannidis K, Chamberlain SR, Treder MS, Kiraly F, Leppink EW, Redden SA, Stein DJ, Lochner C, Grant JE. Problematic internet use (PIU): Associations with the impulsive-compulsive spectrum. An application of machine learning in psychiatry. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 83:94-102. [PMID: 27580487 PMCID: PMC5119576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Problematic internet use is common, functionally impairing, and in need of further study. Its relationship with obsessive-compulsive and impulsive disorders is unclear. Our objective was to evaluate whether problematic internet use can be predicted from recognised forms of impulsive and compulsive traits and symptomatology. We recruited volunteers aged 18 and older using media advertisements at two sites (Chicago USA, and Stellenbosch, South Africa) to complete an extensive online survey. State-of-the-art out-of-sample evaluation of machine learning predictive models was used, which included Logistic Regression, Random Forests and Naïve Bayes. Problematic internet use was identified using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). 2006 complete cases were analysed, of whom 181 (9.0%) had moderate/severe problematic internet use. Using Logistic Regression and Naïve Bayes we produced a classification prediction with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.83 (SD 0.03) whereas using a Random Forests algorithm the prediction ROC-AUC was 0.84 (SD 0.03) [all three models superior to baseline models p < 0.0001]. The models showed robust transfer between the study sites in all validation sets [p < 0.0001]. Prediction of problematic internet use was possible using specific measures of impulsivity and compulsivity in a population of volunteers. Moreover, this study offers proof-of-concept in support of using machine learning in psychiatry to demonstrate replicability of results across geographically and culturally distinct settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK,Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK,Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias S. Treder
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Franz Kiraly
- University College London, Department of Statistical Science, London, UK
| | - Eric W. Leppink
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah A. Redden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dan J. Stein
- US/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Christine Lochner
- US/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 3077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of ChicagoPritzker School of Medicine5841 S. Maryland AvenueMC 3077ChicagoIL60637USA
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Islam MA, Hossin MZ. Prevalence and risk factors of problematic internet use and the associated psychological distress among graduate students of Bangladesh. ASIAN JOURNAL OF GAMBLING ISSUES AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 6:11. [PMID: 27942430 PMCID: PMC5122610 DOI: 10.1186/s40405-016-0020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of epidemiological literature suggests that problematic Internet use (PIU) is associated with a range of psychological health problems in adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to explore socio-demographic and behavioural correlates of PIU and examine its association with psychological distress. A total of 573 graduate students from Dhaka University of Bangladesh responded to a self-administered questionnaire that included internet addiction test (IAT), 12-items General Health Questionnaire and a set of socio-demographic and behavioural factors. The study found that nearly 24% of the participants displayed PIU on the IAT scale. The prevalence of PIU significantly varied depending on gender, socioeconomic status, smoking habit and physical activity (p < 0.05). The multiple regression analyses suggested that PIU is strongly associated with psychological distress regardless of all other explanatory variables (adjusted OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.57, 3.58). Further research is warranted to confirm this association by employing prospective study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Azharul Islam
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
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Anderson EL, Steen E, Stavropoulos V. Internet use and Problematic Internet Use: a systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Louise Anderson
- School of Health, Science and Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Eloisa Steen
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Vasileios Stavropoulos
- School of Health, Science and Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
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Shek DTL, Yu L, Leung H, Wu FKY, Law MYM. Development, implementation, and evaluation of a multi-addiction prevention program for primary school students in Hong Kong: the B.E.S.T. Teen Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:5. [PMID: 27630812 PMCID: PMC4998165 DOI: 10.1186/s40405-016-0014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on the evaluation findings of the B.E.S.T. Teen Program which aimed at promoting behavioral, emotional, social, and thinking competencies in primary school students, it is argued in this paper that promotion of psychosocial competence to prevent addiction in primary school students is a promising strategy. A total of 382 Primary 5 (Grade 5) and 297 Primary 6 (Grade 6) students from five primary schools in Hong Kong participated in the program. Different evaluation strategies were adopted to evaluate the program. First, objective outcome evaluation adopting a non-equivalent group pretest–posttest experimental-control group design was conducted to examine change in the students. Second, to gauge students’ perceptions of the program, subjective outcome evaluation was conducted. The evaluation findings basically converged to tentatively suggest that young adolescents benefited from participating in the program. Implications on the development, implementation, and evaluation of addiction prevention programs for teenagers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T L Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China ; Centre for Innovative Programmes for Adolescents and Families, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China ; Department of Social Work, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, People's Republic of China ; University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hildie Leung
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Florence K Y Wu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Moon Y M Law
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Musetti A, Cattivelli R, Giacobbi M, Zuglian P, Ceccarini M, Capelli F, Pietrabissa G, Castelnuovo G. Challenges in Internet Addiction Disorder: Is a Diagnosis Feasible or Not? Front Psychol 2016; 7:842. [PMID: 27375523 PMCID: PMC4894006 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An important international discussion began because of some pioneer studies carried out by Young (a) on the internet addiction disorder (IAD). In the fifth and most recent version of the Diagnostic, and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) there is no mention of this disorder and among researchers there are basically two opposite positions. Those who are in favor of a specific diagnosis and those who are claiming the importance of specific criteria characterizing this behavior and the precise role it has in the patient’s life. The aim of the present paper is to answer the question whether it is possible or not to formulate diagnoses of internet-related disorders. We revised literature on the history of diagnostic criteria, on neurocognitive evidence, on the topic debate and on IAD instrumental measures. We found that the disorder was not univocally defined and that the construct was somehow too broad and generic to be explicative for a diagnosis. Indeed, the models are borrowed from other addiction pathologies and they are often formulated before the development of internet as intended in current society. In conclusion, we think we need a more innovative, integrated and comprehensive model for an IAD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Literature, Arts, History and Society, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Cattivelli
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoVerbania, Italy; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoVerbania, Italy; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoVerbania, Italy; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of MilanMilan, Italy
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Manchiraju S, Sadachar A, Ridgway JL. The Compulsive Online Shopping Scale (COSS): Development and Validation Using Panel Data. Int J Ment Health Addict 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-016-9662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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41
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Iqbal MA, Nasrullah M, Asaduzzaman M, Sarwar MS, Amran MS. Internet Addiction Disorder and Its Pathogenicity to Psychological Distress and Depression among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in Bangladesh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2016.78113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chen Y, Kang Y, Gong W, He L, Jin Y, Zhu X, Yao Y. Investigation on Internet addiction disorder in adolescents in Anhui, People's Republic of China. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2233-6. [PMID: 27621633 PMCID: PMC5010169 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) in adolescents so as to provide a scientific basis for the communities, schools, and families. METHODS We conducted a survey by randomized cluster sampling on 5,249 students, grades ranging from 7 to 12, in Anhui province, People's Republic of China. The questionnaire consisted of general information and IA test. Chi-square test was used to compare the status of IA disorder (IAD). RESULTS In our results, the overall detection rate of IAD and non-IAD in students was 8.7% (459/5,249) and 76.2% (4,000/5,249), respectively. The detection rate of IAD in males (12.3%) was higher than females (4.9%). The detection rate of IAD was statistically different between students from rural (8.2%) and urban (9.3%) areas, among students from different grades, between students from only-child families (9.5%) and non-only-child families (8.1%), and among students from different family types. CONCLUSION Prevalence of IA is high among Chinese adolescents. IAD has more effect on male students, single-child families, single-parent families, and higher grade students. We should take more care of male students, only-child students, and students living with their fathers, and related education should be strengthen for susceptible subjects of IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Kang
- Fushun Administrative College, Fushun, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Gong
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Industry and Commerce, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianping He
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshui Yao
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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43
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Psychometric Properties and Validation of the Arabic Social Media Addiction Scale. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2015; 2015:291743. [PMID: 26347848 PMCID: PMC4548147 DOI: 10.1155/2015/291743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the SMAS. SMAS is a variant of IAT customized to measure addiction to social media instead of the Internet as a whole. Using a self-report instrument on a cross-sectional sample of undergraduate students, the results revealed the following. First, the exploratory factor analysis showed that a three-factor model fits the data well. Second, concurrent validity analysis showed the SMAS to be a valid measure of social media addiction. However, further studies and data should verify the hypothesized model. Finally, this study showed that the Arabic version of the SMAS is a valid and reliable instrument for use in measuring social media addiction in the Arab world.
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44
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Validation of a new Short Problematic Internet Use Test in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Wong TY, Yuen KSL, Li WO. A basic need theory approach to problematic Internet use and the mediating effect of psychological distress. Front Psychol 2015; 5:1562. [PMID: 25642201 PMCID: PMC4294141 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Internet provides an easily accessible way to meet certain needs. Over-reliance on it leads to problematic use, which studies show can be predicted by psychological distress. Self-determination theory proposes that we all have the basic need for autonomy, competency, and relatedness. This has been shown to explain the motivations behind problematic Internet use. This study hypothesizes that individuals who are psychologically disturbed because their basic needs are not being met are more vulnerable to becoming reliant on the Internet when they seek such needs satisfaction from online activities, and tests a model in which basic needs predict problematic Internet use, fully mediated by psychological distress. Problematic Internet use, psychological distress, and basic needs satisfaction were psychometrically measured in a sample of 229 Hong Kong University students and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. All indices showed the model has a good fit. Further, statistical testing supported a mediation effect for psychological distress between needs satisfaction and problematic Internet use. The results extend our understanding of the development and prevention of problematic Internet use based on the framework of self-determination theory. Psychological distress could be used as an early predictor, while preventing and treating problematic Internet use should emphasize the fulfillment of unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yat Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth S L Yuen
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Wang On Li
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University Hong Kong, China
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Poddar S, Sayeed N, Mitra S. Internet gaming disorder: Application of motivational enhancement therapy principles in treatment. Indian J Psychiatry 2015; 57:100-1. [PMID: 25657471 PMCID: PMC4314902 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.148540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuvabrata Poddar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, India
| | - Neha Sayeed
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, India
| | - Sayantanava Mitra
- Department of Psychiatry, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, India E-mail:
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Ahmad M, Alzayyat A, Al-Gamal E. The factor structure of the internet addiction tool with university students in Jordan. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2015; 36:725-31. [PMID: 26440876 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2015.1033041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Internet addiction is a growing phenomenon affecting people in varying ways around the globe. This study examined the factor structure and internal reliability of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) with a heterogeneous sample of university students in Jordan. The study used a cross-sectional design, and all the questionnaires were completed in classrooms. A sample of 587 students from seven universities in Jordan was obtained. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the 20-item IAT revealed that a four-factor solution offered the most parsimonious explanation of the data. The IAT reliably assesses distinct domains of Internet addiction. These domains are Excessive Use, Loss/Suffer, Attached To, and Impaired Social Relations. Thus, it is recommended to use the obtained four factors when assessing Internet addiction among a similar population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muayyad Ahmad
- a The University of Jordan, Faculty of Nursing , Amman , Jordan
| | - Abdulkarim Alzayyat
- b The University of Jordan, Department of Community Health Nursing , Amman , Jordan
| | - Ekhlas Al-Gamal
- c The University of Jordan, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing , Amman , Jordan
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48
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Laconi S, Rodgers RF, Chabrol H. The measurement of Internet addiction: A critical review of existing scales and their psychometric properties. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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49
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He F, Zhou Q, Li J, Cao R, Guan H. Effect of social support on depression of internet addicts and the mediating role of loneliness. Int J Ment Health Syst 2014; 8:34. [PMID: 25147581 PMCID: PMC4139580 DOI: 10.1186/1752-4458-8-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have determined the existence of an extremely close association between Internet addiction and depression. However, the reasons for the depression of Internet addicts have not been fully investigated. AIM This cross-sectional study aims to explore the factors that influence depression among Internet addicts. METHODS A total of 162 male Internet addicts completed the Emotional and Social Loneliness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Self-Rating Depression Scale. RESULTS Loneliness and lack of social support are significantly correlated with depression among Internet addicts. Structural Equation Modeling results indicate that social support partially mediates loneliness and depression. CONCLUSIONS Both social support and loneliness were negatively associated with depression of Internet addicts whereas loneliness plays a mediating role between social support and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- School of Public Management, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Management, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rong Cao
- School of Public Management, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
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