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Determining the relationship between anxiety levels, stress coping styles, and emotional eating of women in the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 41:241-247. [PMID: 36428056 PMCID: PMC9385584 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the relationship between women's anxiety levels and their style of coping with stress and emotional eating in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study and data were collected using online surveys. The sample of the study consisted of 450 women between the ages of 18-65, who have no understanding and perception problems, and who are willing to participate in the study. The data were obtained using the "Introductory Information Form", "Coronavirus Anxiety Scale", "Stress Coping Styles Scale" and "Emotional Eating Scale". Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Increased emotional eating was increased helpless approach, submissive approach and Coronavirus anxiety increase while decreasing the self-confident approach. Increased Coronavirus anxiety was increased the total scores of helpless approach, submissive approach, disinhibition, guilt, and emotional eating increased while decreasing the scores of the self-confident approach and optimistic approach. BMI, weight change in pandemic, age, self-confident approach to coping with stress and helpless approach score explained emotional eating 30.8 %. CONCLUSION Considering the emotional eating score average (11-20), women were emotional eating, and their Coronavirus anxiety score was below the average. In minimizing emotional eating in women, first of all, emotional eating awareness should be created, and it is recommended to increase their awareness of stress coping styles for the stress that causes this situation.
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Petersson S, Clinton D, Brudin L, Perseius KI, Norring C. Perfectionism in Eating Disorders: Are Long-Term Outcomes Influenced by Extent and Changeability in Initial Perfectionism? J Pers Oriented Res 2018; 4:1-14. [PMID: 33569128 PMCID: PMC7842640 DOI: 10.17505/jpor.2018.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Perfectionism has been found to predict outcomes in the treatment of eating disorders (ED). In the present study, we took advantage of longitudinal data to: a) investigate whether there are different patterns of perfectionism during the first six months after admission in a clinical sample of patients with ED, and b) describe how these patterns are related to long-term outcome. Methods A sample of patients (N=294) from the Coordinated Evaluation and Research at Specialized Units for Eating Disorders database was divided into clusters according to perfectionism patterns measured with the EDI-2 perfectionism scale at baseline, and six months in treatment. Cluster analysis was performed on the extent and perseverance/changeability of self-oriented and socially described perfectionism. Outcome was measured with the EDI-2 and the SCL-63. Frequencies of eating disorder diagnoses were investigated. Results Five clusters were identified. Low perfectionism was associated with lower levels of ED and psychiatric symptomatology at baseline. There were no significant differences between clusters on outcome variables at 36-month follow-up. Conclusions Results indicated better psychiatric and psychological health three years after the initial measure. Patterns of relations between the extent and possible changes of perfectionism, measured with the EDI-P at baseline and after six months, did not appear to be associated with long-term outcomes on psychiatric health ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Petersson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University and AnorexiBulimiCenter, Division of Psychiatry, Kalmar County Council, S-391 85 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - David Clinton
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, S-113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Brudin
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Kalmar County Council, S-391 85 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kent-Inge Perseius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Red Cross University College, Box 55676, S-102 15 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, S-113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
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Goldschmidt AB. Are loss of control while eating and overeating valid constructs? A critical review of the literature. Obes Rev 2017; 18:412-449. [PMID: 28165655 PMCID: PMC5502406 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating is a marker of weight gain and obesity, and a hallmark feature of eating disorders. Yet its component constructs - overeating and loss of control (LOC) while eating - are poorly understood and difficult to measure. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to critically review the human literature concerning the validity of LOC and overeating across the age and weight spectrum. DATA SOURCES English-language articles addressing the face, convergent, discriminant and predictive validity of LOC and overeating were included. RESULTS Loss of control and overeating appear to have adequate face validity. Emerging evidence supports the convergent and predictive validity of the LOC construct, given its unique cross-sectional and prospective associations with numerous anthropometric, psychosocial and eating behaviour-related factors. Overeating may be best conceptualized as a marker of excess weight status. LIMITATIONS Binge eating constructs, particularly in the context of subjectively large episodes, are challenging to measure reliably. Few studies addressed overeating in the absence of LOC, thereby limiting conclusions about the validity of the overeating construct independent of LOC. Additional studies addressing the discriminant validity of both constructs are warranted. DISCUSSION Suggestions for future weight-related research and for appropriately defining binge eating in the eating disorders diagnostic scheme are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
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Forney KJ, Bodell LP, Haedt-Matt AA, Keel PK. Incremental validity of the episode size criterion in binge-eating definitions: An examination in women with purging syndromes. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:651-62. [PMID: 26841103 PMCID: PMC4942344 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Of the two primary features of binge eating, loss of control (LOC) eating is well validated while the role of eating episode size is less clear. Given the ICD-11 proposal to eliminate episode size from the binge-eating definition, the present study examined the incremental validity of the size criterion, controlling for LOC. METHOD Interview and questionnaire data come from four studies of 243 women with bulimia nervosa (n = 141) or purging disorder (n = 102). Hierarchical linear regression tested if the largest reported episode size, coded in kilocalories, explained additional variance in eating disorder features, psychopathology, personality traits, and impairment, holding constant LOC eating frequency, age, and body mass index (BMI). Analyses also tested if episode size moderated the association between LOC eating and these variables. RESULTS Holding LOC constant, episode size explained significant variance in disinhibition, trait anxiety, and eating disorder-related impairment. Episode size moderated the association of LOC eating with purging frequency and depressive symptoms, such that in the presence of larger eating episodes, LOC eating was more closely associated with these features. Neither episode size nor its interaction with LOC explained additional variance in BMI, hunger, restraint, shape concerns, state anxiety, negative urgency, or global functioning. DISCUSSION Taken together, results support the incremental validity of the size criterion, in addition to and in combination with LOC eating, for defining binge-eating episodes in purging syndromes. Future research should examine the predictive validity of episode size in both purging and nonpurging eating disorders (e.g., binge eating disorder) to inform nosological schemes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:651-662).
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Jean Forney
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Lindsay P. Bodell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida,Correspondence to: Pamela K. Keel, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306.
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Palavras MA, Hay PJ, Lujic S, Claudino AM. Comparing symptomatic and functional outcomes over 5 years in two nonclinical cohorts characterized by binge eating with and without objectively large episodes. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1158-65. [PMID: 26414868 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare symptomatic and functional outcomes over 5 years in women with regular subjective (SBEs), objective (OBEs), and no regular binge eating episodes. METHOD Data were derived from two cohorts of 330 women with high levels of eating disorders symptoms followed over 5 years. Three groups were formed: (a) regular SBEs but no regular OBEs (N = 68), (b) regular OBEs with or without regular SBEs (N = 154), and (c) with no regular binge eating episodes (N = 108). RESULTS At baseline, the groups did not differ significantly in restraint scores and quality of life. People in the OBE group scored higher than those in the SBE group in body mass index (BMI). Those who had no regular binge eating had lower global Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and weight and shape concern scores than those with regular SBEs, and lower eating concern scores than either binge eating groups. Across the follow-up, there were no significant effects of being in either binge eating or the nonbinge eating group on the rates of change in BMI, general psychological distress, quality of life, or EDE-Q scores with the exception that OBE group had a significantly different rate of change in eating concern and psychological distress compared to the group without regular binge eating. DISCUSSION Individuals that report regular SBEs without regular OBEs represent a group with similar mental hardship and outcomes to those with regular OBEs. The findings support inclusion of regular SBEs in criteria for eating disorder diagnostic categories characterized by recurrent binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marly A Palavras
- Eating Disorders Program (PROATA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Ministry of Education (CAPES) Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phillipa J Hay
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, James Cook University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanja Lujic
- Centre for Health Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Big Data Research in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angélica M Claudino
- Eating Disorders Program (PROATA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Evaluating reliable and clinically significant change in eating disorders: comparisons to changes in DSM-IV diagnoses. Psychiatry Res 2014; 216:248-54. [PMID: 24582504 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Assessing clinically meaningful change is valuable for treatment planning, monitoring course of illness and evaluating outcome. Although DSM eating disorder (ED) diagnoses have been criticized for poor clinical utility, instability, and uncertainty, remission/change of diagnosis is often the standard for evaluating outcome. We tested the validity of the clinically significant reliable change index (CS/RCI) compared to change in DSM-IV ED-diagnoses. We investigated if CS/RCI was concordant to diagnostic change and compared explained variance on measures at follow-up. Using a database for specialized ED treatment in Sweden the sample contained 1042 female patients (246 adolescents/796 adults). CS/RCI was calculated for the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). CS/RCI explained more variance in gain scores for psychopathology measures than diagnostic change (DSM-IV). Average agreement between diagnostic change and CS/RCI was 62% and 60% for CIA and EDE-Q, respectively. Diagnostic change always resulted in more positive outcome than CS/RCI. Together with clinical judgment, CS/RCI is a valuable method for determining clinically significant changes in clinical practice and research. It is economically sound and results are easily interpreted and communicated to patients.
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Birgegård A, Norring C, Clinton D. Binge Eating in Interview Versus Self-Report: Different Diagnoses Show Different Divergences. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2014; 22:170-5. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Resource Center for Eating Disorders, Stockholm Center for Psychiatry Research and Education; Karolinska Institute and Stockholm County Council; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Resource Center for Eating Disorders, Stockholm Center for Psychiatry Research and Education; Karolinska Institute and Stockholm County Council; Stockholm Sweden
| | - David Clinton
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Resource Center for Eating Disorders, Stockholm Center for Psychiatry Research and Education; Karolinska Institute and Stockholm County Council; Stockholm Sweden
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Pacanowski CR, Senso MM, Oriogun K, Crain AL, Sherwood NE. Binge eating behavior and weight loss maintenance over a 2-year period. J Obes 2014; 2014:249315. [PMID: 24891946 PMCID: PMC4033559 DOI: 10.1155/2014/249315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between binge eating behavior and weight loss maintenance over a two-year period in adults. DESIGN Secondary data analysis using the Keep It Off study, a randomized trial evaluating an intervention to promote weight loss maintenance. PARTICIPANTS 419 men and women (ages: 20 to 70 y; BMI: 20-44 kg/m2) who had intentionally lost ≥10% of their weight during the previous year. MEASUREMENTS Body weight was measured and binge eating behavior over the past 6 months was reported at baseline, 12 months and 24 months. Height was measured at baseline. RESULTS Prevalence of binge eating at baseline was 19.4% (n = 76). Prevalence of binge eating at any time point was 30.1% (n = 126). Although rate of weight regain did not differ significantly between those who did or did not report binge eating at baseline, binge eating behavior across the study period (additive value of presence or absence at each time point) was significantly associated with different rates of weight regain. CONCLUSION Tailoring weight loss maintenance interventions to address binge eating behavior is warranted given the prevalence and the different rates of weight regain experienced by those reporting this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly R. Pacanowski
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
- *Carly R. Pacanowski:
| | - Meghan M. Senso
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
- HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, 8170 33rd Avenue South, Bloomington, MN 55425, USA
| | - Kristin Oriogun
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - A. Lauren Crain
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
- HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, 8170 33rd Avenue South, Bloomington, MN 55425, USA
| | - Nancy E. Sherwood
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
- HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, 8170 33rd Avenue South, Bloomington, MN 55425, USA
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