1
|
Sager R, Gaengler S, Willett WC, Orav EJ, Mattle M, Habermann J, Geiling K, Schimmer RC, Vellas B, Kressig RW, Egli A, Dawson-Hughes B, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Adherence to the MIND diet and the odds of mild cognitive impairment in generally healthy older adults: The 3-year DO-HEALTH study. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100034. [PMID: 38320383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2023.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet may slow cognitive decline in older adults. A potential mechanism could be possible anti-inflammatory properties of the MIND-diet. OBJECTIVE To examine whether adherence to the MIND diet at baseline is associated with the odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and changes in biomarkers of inflammation (High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein(hsCRP), interleukin-6(IL-6)) over three years in adults ≥70 years. METHODS Adherence to the MIND diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and after three years. Presence of MCI based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was defined as <26 (MCI26), or <24 (MCI24). We performed a minimally adjusted model controlling for sex, prior fall, linear spline at age 85, time, treatment and study site. The fully adjusted model also adjusted for education, BMI, physical activity, depression score, daily energy intake, and comorbidity score. To assess the change in inflammatory markers from baseline, we used linear-mixed-effect models adjusted for the same variables plus the respective baseline concentrations. Sensitivity analyses accounting for practice effects of repeated cognitive tests using the reliable change index for both MoCA cut-offs were done. RESULTS We included 2028 of 2157 DO-HEALTH participants (60.5% women; mean age 74.88 years) with complete data. Adherence to the MIND diet at baseline was not associated with cognitive decline over three years, neither at MoCA < 26 (OR (95%CI) = 0.99 (0.94-1.04)) nor at MoCA < 24 (OR (95%CI) = 1.03 (0.96-1.1)). Applying the reliable change index to the two cut-offs confirmed the findings. Further, the MIND diet adherence was not associated with the change in MoCA score from baseline in DO-HEALTH. For inflammatory biomarkers MIND-diet baseline adherence was not associated with changes in hsCRP or IL-6. CONCLUSION Adherence to the MIND-diet was neither associated with the odds of MCI, nor with hsCRP or IL-6 at baseline. Moreover, change in MIND-diet over three years was not associated with changes in hsCRP or IL-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sager
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie Gaengler
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E John Orav
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele Mattle
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jana Habermann
- University Clinic for Aging Medicine, Zurich City Hospital - Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Geiling
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph C Schimmer
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France and UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Reto W Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Egli
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France and UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; IHU HealthAge, University Hospital Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee MK, Peipert JD, Cella D, Yost KJ, Eton DT, Novotny PJ, Sloan JA, Dueck AC. Identifying meaningful change on PROMIS short forms in cancer patients: a comparison of item response theory and classic test theory frameworks. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:1355-1367. [PMID: 36152109 PMCID: PMC10123030 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compares classical test theory and item response theory frameworks to determine reliable change. Reliable change followed by anchoring to the change in categorically distinct responses on a criterion measure is a useful method to detect meaningful change on a target measure. METHODS Adult cancer patients were recruited from five cancer centers. Baseline and follow-up assessments at 6 weeks were administered. We investigated short forms derived from PROMIS® item banks on anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain intensity, pain interference, and sleep disturbance. We detected reliable change using reliable change index (RCI). We derived the T-scores corresponding to the RCI calculated under IRT and CTT frameworks using PROMIS® short forms. For changes that were reliable, meaningful change was identified using patient-reported change in PRO-CTCAE by at least one level. For both CTT and IRT approaches, we applied one-sided tests to detect reliable improvement or worsening using RCI. We compared the percentages of patients with reliable change and reliable/meaningful change. RESULTS The amount of change in T score corresponding to RCICTT of 1.65 ranged from 5.1 to 9.2 depending on domains. The amount of change corresponding to RCIIRT of 1.65 varied across the score range, and the minimum change ranged from 3.0 to 8.2 depending on domains. Across domains, the RCICTT and RCIIRT classified 80% to 98% of the patients consistently. When there was disagreement, the RCIIRT tended to identify more patients as having reliably changed compared to RCICTT if scores at both timepoints were in the range of 43 to 78 in anxiety, 45 to 70 in depression, 38 to 80 in fatigue, 35 to 78 in sleep disturbance, and 48 to 74 in pain interference, due to smaller standard errors in these ranges using the IRT method. The CTT method found more changes compared to IRT for the pain intensity domain that was shorter in length. Using RCICTT, 22% to 66% had reliable change in either direction depending on domains, and among these patients, 62% to 83% had meaningful change. Using RCIIRT, 37% to 68% had reliable change in either direction, and among these patients, 62% to 81% had meaningful change. CONCLUSION Applying the two-step criteria demonstrated in this study, we determined how much change is needed to declare reliable change at different levels of baseline scores. We offer reference values for percentage of patients who meaningfully change for investigators using the PROMIS instruments in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minji K Lee
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - John D Peipert
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 Michigan Ave, 27th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 Michigan Ave, 27th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kathleen J Yost
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David T Eton
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Paul J Novotny
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jeff A Sloan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amylou C Dueck
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sato H, Wakida M, Kubota R, Kuwabara T, Mori K, Asai T, Fukumoto Y, Nakano J, Hase K. Use of the reliable change index to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent exercise program on physical functions. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:3033-3039. [PMID: 36057083 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Using the reliable change index (RCI), we aimed to examine the effect of a multicomponent exercise program on the individual level. METHODS Overall, 270 adults (mean age, 78 years) completed a multicomponent physical exercise program (strength, aerobic, gait, and balance) for 40 min, 1-2 times per week, continued up to 1 year at a daycare center. Effectiveness was assessed using grip, ankle, knee, and hip strength; Timed Up & Go (TUG); Berg Balance Scale (BBS); gait speed; and 6-min walking distance. These were measured at baseline and every 3 months thereafter. We calculated the RCI using the data between two-time points (baseline and at 3, 6, 9, or 12 months) in each participant and then calculated the mean RCI value across the participants. A paired t-test was also employed to evaluate the effect of the intervention as an average-based statistics. RESULTS The highest mean RCI values were on ankle plantar-flexion strength, followed by gait speed, hip abduction strength, BBS, knee extensor strength, 6-min walk distance, grip strength, and finally TUG. Paired t-test also revealed significant improvement with moderate effect sizes for ankle plantar-flexion strength (0.504), gait speed (0.413), hip abduction strength (0.374), BBS (0.334), knee extensor strength (0.264), and 6-min walk distance (0.248). Significant but small effect size was seen on TUG (0.183). CONCLUSION The RCI is a convenient method of comparing the effect between different assessments, especially at an individual level. This index can be applied to the use of personal feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Sato
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 18-89, Uyamahigashimachi, Hirakata, 573-1136, Japan.
| | - Masanori Wakida
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 18-89, Uyamahigashimachi, Hirakata, 573-1136, Japan
| | - Ryo Kubota
- KMU Daycare Center Kori, Kansai Medical University Kori Hospital, Neyagawa, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kuwabara
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Mori
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 18-89, Uyamahigashimachi, Hirakata, 573-1136, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asai
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 18-89, Uyamahigashimachi, Hirakata, 573-1136, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 18-89, Uyamahigashimachi, Hirakata, 573-1136, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakano
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 18-89, Uyamahigashimachi, Hirakata, 573-1136, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Hase
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hachtel H, Jenkel N, Schmeck K, Graf M, Fegert JM, Schmid M, Boonmann C. Stability of self-reported psychopathic traits in at-risk adolescents in youth welfare and juvenile justice institutions. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:55. [PMID: 35765005 PMCID: PMC9241249 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the self-reported stability of psychopathic traits in adolescents in residential care (both child welfare and juvenile justice placed juveniles) and potential influencing factors. METHODS We applied the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) in a sample of 162 adolescents (M = 15.0 years, SD = 1.3) over a mean time interval of 11 months (min. 6, max. 21 months, SD = 3.14). RESULTS There was no significant difference in YPI total score nor in the three underlying dimensions Grandiose-Manipulative (GM), Callous-Unemotional (CU), and Impulsive-Irresponsible (II) between t1 and t2. Furthermore, approximately 70% of the adolescents showed no clinically significant reliable change on the YPI total score (as measured with the reliable change index), 15% improved, 15% deteriorated. The strongest predictor for psychopathic traits at t2 were psychopathic traits at t1. Additional predictors for higher levels of general psychopathic traits was male sex, for CU-traits male sex and lower levels of internalizing mental health problems, and for II-traits higher levels of externalizing mental health problems. Generally, the three reliable change groups (increase, no change, decrease) did not seemed to differ on relevant factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results add to the findings that psychopathic traits are relatively stable in this at-risk group over approximately a 1-year time interval. Research with a longer follow-up time and more time points is warranted to better interpret these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hachtel
- grid.412556.10000 0004 0479 0775Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - N. Jenkel
- grid.412556.10000 0004 0479 0775Child and Adolescent Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals (UPK) Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K. Schmeck
- grid.412556.10000 0004 0479 0775Child and Adolescent Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals (UPK) Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M. Graf
- grid.412556.10000 0004 0479 0775Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J. M. Fegert
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - M. Schmid
- grid.412556.10000 0004 0479 0775Child and Adolescent Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals (UPK) Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C. Boonmann
- grid.412556.10000 0004 0479 0775Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals (UPK) Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland ,grid.412556.10000 0004 0479 0775Child and Adolescent Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals (UPK) Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kielb S, Speelman C, Boxley L, Aase D, Dawson E, Changizi B, Merola A, Krishna V, Nguyen C. Reliable cognitive change following unilateral deep brain stimulation in essential tremor. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35289203 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2048303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This retrospective analysis assessed regression-based reliable change (RC) of cognition in a sample of essential tremor (ET) patients who underwent unilateral deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM-DBS).Method: Thirty patients (mean age at pre-evaluation = 70.4 ± 6.3 years) underwent neuropsychological evaluation pre- and post-unilateral VIM-DBS placement (mean time between pre and post-evaluation = 13.1 ± 4.0 months). Paired samples t-tests and RC analyses were employed.Results: No significant within-group differences were observed when cognitive scores were compared between evaluations. The vast majority of patients demonstrated stability across pre-and post-surgical evaluations (i.e. 29 out of 30); however, those with high-risk co-morbid medical conditions may be vulnerable to post-surgical cognitive decline as indicated by RC measures.Conclusions: The use of regression-based RC indices to assess individual cognitive changes between pre and post-surgical evaluations control for systematic and measurement errors that can occur over repeated evaluations, and may be able to identify cognitive changes that evade detection in traditional within-group comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kielb
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Claire Speelman
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura Boxley
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darrin Aase
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erica Dawson
- Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Changizi
- Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aristide Merola
- Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vibhor Krishna
- University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pieters S, Brett BE, Beijers R, Kessels RPC, de Weerth C. Working memory from pregnancy to postpartum: Do women really change? Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 126:105169. [PMID: 33611134 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies indicate that pregnancy is associated with declines in working memory (WM), potentially due to intense pregnancy hormonal fluctuations. These declines extend into the postpartum period and may even be worsened due to sleepless nights and continued hormonal changes. However, previous studies finding WM stability from pregnancy to postpartum have not used a control group to examine practice effects on WM tests. The current study used a well-matched control group, fathers, to examine a) whether mothers and fathers differ on tests of WM during pregnancy and postpartum, and b) whether mothers show a postpartum WM decline, taking into account the practice effects of fathers. Results revealed that mothers (N = 75) and fathers (N = 44) performed equally well on a WM task at both time points and improved across time at a statistically equivalent rate. Use of a Reliable Change Index and a regression-based sensitivity analysis bolstered these results, indicating that taking practice effects into account, the majority of women did not improve or decline in WM from pre- to postpartum. These findings add to the literature on pregnancy-related changes in cognition and raise new questions about potential cognitive changes in men during the same period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pieters
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bonnie E Brett
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands.
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Estimates of the minimally important change (MIC) can be used to evaluate whether group-level differences are large enough to be important. But responders to treatment have been based upon group-level MIC thresholds, resulting in inaccurate classification of change over time. This article reviews options and provides suggestions about individual-level statistics to assess whether individuals have improved, stayed the same, or declined. METHODS Review of MIC estimation and an example of misapplication of MIC group-level estimates to assess individual change. Secondary data analysis to show how perceptions about meaningful change can be used along with significance of individual change. RESULTS MIC thresholds yield over-optimistic conclusions about responders to treatment because they classify those who have not changed as responders. CONCLUSIONS Future studies need to evaluate the significance of individual change using appropriate individual-level statistics such as the reliable change index or the equivalent coefficient of repeatability. Supplementing individual statistical significance with retrospective assessments of change is desirable.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rosas AG, Stögmann E, Lehrner J. Individual cognitive changes in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using the reliable change index methodology. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 133:1064-1069. [PMID: 33095320 PMCID: PMC8500870 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be assessed using the neuropsychological test battery Vienna (NTBV). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the NTBV test scores of a diagnostic group have changed significantly over time and whether this change is due to disease progression. Methods In this study 358 patients referred to a memory outpatient clinic because of cognitive deterioration were analyzed. The same patients were surveyed in a follow-up assessment after a mean interval of 25.96 months to examine cognitive performance and disease progression. Patients were divided into the subgroups healthy controls (HC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD on the basis of the test results. Reliable change index methodology was used to assess improvement or deterioration in test scores in diagnostic groups compared to HC. Results Deterioration in the SCD group ranged from 0% to 18.8%. The MCI group showed declines between 1.6% and 29.1%. Patients who developed AD deteriorated between 0% and 54.2%. Improvements ranged from 0% to 73.4% in the SCD group and from 0% to 25.1% for the MCI group. The improvement in the AD group ranged between 0% and 44.0%. Conclusion The results reflect the cognitive deterioration of patients during the disease progression. Nevertheless, improvements in diagnostic groups could be detected. The significantly positive changes might be due to practice effects, also a lack of motivation or attention in the first test could have yielded “improvement” in the retest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garcia Rosas
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Stögmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Lehrner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vescovi JD. Intra-Individual Variation of HRV during Orthostatic Challenge in Elite Male Field Hockey Players. J Med Syst 2019; 43:328. [PMID: 31655934 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the intra-individual variation of heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate using an orthostatic challenge in elite male athletes during a training camp. Heart rate (variability) was measured upon waking. Log-transformed HRV metrics were evaluated in three segments (first min discarded for stabilization): 0-3 min supine, 3-6 min supine, and standing. Heart rate was assessed while supine, 15 s after standing and average final 30 s standing (Rusko protocol). A RM-ANOVA compared intra-individual means, standard deviations (SD) and coefficients of variation (CV%) for HRV and heart rate. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEmeas) were used for relative and absolute reliability, respectively. Time and frequency domain HRV metrics had low variation (CV% <8.5%; SEmeas% ≤4.0%) for 0-3 min supine which was not improved during 3-6 min. Standing HRV had lower ICC and higher SEmeas than supine values. Variability and reliability outcomes for heart rate were comparable to log-transformed HRV metrics. This study uniquely describes the intra-individual variation of HRV metrics during an orthostatic challenge and demonstrated low variability in this cohort of elite male athletes. These data can be helpful for identifying when true individual changes occur for the autonomic nervous system indices in supine and standing positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Vescovi
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Graduate School of Exercise Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mantzouranis G, Baier V, Holzer L, Urben S, Villard E. Clinical significance of assertive community treatment among adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:445-453. [PMID: 30310946 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy of assertive community treatment for children and adolescents is proven in the United States, but remains controversial in Europe. Moreover, most studies showing positive outcomes of assertive community treatment are limited to statistically significant differences and do not consider whether the treatment is also subjectively clinically meaningful for the patient. Using a naturalistic sample, the present study aims to assess statistical and clinical significance of an assertive community treatment unit for adolescents in Europe. METHODS Linear mixed-effects models and reliable change indices were used to respectively assess the statistical and clinical significance of assertive community treatment in 179 adolescents (mean age = 15.76, SD = 1.76) with severe mental illnesses. RESULTS Difficulties related to mental health (measured by the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents, HoNOSCA) and overall functioning (measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning scale) statistically improved (all ps < 0.001) from admission to discharge. Additionally, a considerable proportion of patients (from 14% to 21%) clinically recovered to functional levels. CONCLUSION Our results support the fact that assertive community treatment can have convincing and positive clinical outcomes in European settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Mantzouranis
- Research Unit, University Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 9, Avenue d'Echallens, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Vanessa Baier
- Research Unit, University Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 9, Avenue d'Echallens, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Holzer
- Research Unit, University Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 9, Avenue d'Echallens, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Urben
- Research Unit, University Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 9, Avenue d'Echallens, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Villard
- Research Unit, University Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 9, Avenue d'Echallens, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rothermund E, Kilian R, Balint EM, Rottler E, von Wietersheim J, Gündel H, Hölzer M. [How do users assess the new "Psychosomatic Consultation in the Workplace" model of care? : Results of a controlled observational trial]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:186-194. [PMID: 30617558 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the framework of psychosomatic consultation in the workplace (PSIW), external expert psychotherapists offered consultation sessions for employees at the company premises in order to establish a first contact. In contrast to the first contact usually established in regular care, PSIW explicitly focuses on the workplace and enables in-company actors to get closely involved, if the patient's consent is provided. The new model of care helps to identify mental problems at an early stage and is clinically effective. Reliable data considering the user's point of view is missing. OBJECTIVES How satisfied are users of the new model of care compared to users of regular care? MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 189 people from in-company (n = 91) or regular medical consultations (n = 98) made statements before first contact (t1) and 12 weeks (t2) after the initial contact. They reported satisfaction with the offer (t2), further treatment (t2), and depressiveness (t1, t2) by means of self-assessment tools. On the basis of an OLS (ordinary least squares) regression analysis, we investigated how treatment quality (clinical improvement, further treatment) and the place of treatment influenced user satisfaction (dependent variable), while controlling for selection bias and the different degrees of depression at baseline. RESULTS Higher clinical improvement predicted more satisfaction with the received treatment in both (b = 1.2, CI 0.802-1.548). The mean value (MV) of satisfaction was 1.6 points higher if further treatment took place (CI 0.236-2.909). PSIW users showed a 1.8 points higher MV of satisfaction than people in regular care (CI 0.322-3.302). CONCLUSIONS PSIW users consider PSIW as positive in terms of treatment success and service quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rothermund
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Alberteinstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland.
- Kompetenzzentrum für Seelische Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz Ulm (LPCU), Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland.
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II, Sektion: Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung am Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth M Balint
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Alberteinstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
- Kompetenzzentrum für Seelische Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz Ulm (LPCU), Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Edit Rottler
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Alberteinstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Jörn von Wietersheim
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Alberteinstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Harald Gündel
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Alberteinstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
- Kompetenzzentrum für Seelische Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz Ulm (LPCU), Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Michael Hölzer
- Kompetenzzentrum für Seelische Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz Ulm (LPCU), Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
- ZfP Südwürttemberg, Sonnenbergklinik, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sánchez-Torres AM, Moreno-Izco L, Lorente-Omeñaca R, Cabrera B, Lobo A, González-Pinto AM, Merchán-Naranjo J, Corripio I, Vieta E, de la Serna E, Butjosa A, Contreras F, Sarró S, Mezquida G, Ribeiro M, Bernardo M, Cuesta MJ. Individual trajectories of cognitive performance in first episode psychosis: a 2-year follow-up study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:699-711. [PMID: 29164332 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individual changes over time in cognition in patients with psychotic disorders have been studied very little, especially in the case of first episode psychosis (FEP). We aimed to establish whether change in individual trajectories in cognition over 2 years of a sample of 159 FEP patients was reliable and clinically significant, using the reliable change index (RCI) and clinically significant change (CSC) methods. We also studied a sample of 151 matched healthy controls. Patients and controls were assessed with a set of neuropsychological tests, as well as premorbid, clinical and functionality measures. We analysed the course of cognitive measures over time, using analysis of variance, and the individual trajectories in the cognitive measures with the regression-based RCI (RCISRB) and the CSC. The RCISRB showed that between 5.4 and 31.2% of the patients showed deterioration patterns, and between 0.6 and 8.8% showed improvement patterns in these tests over time. Patients showing better cognitive profiles according to RCISRB (worsening in zero to two cognitive measures) showed better premorbid, clinical and functional profiles than patients showing deterioration patterns in more than three tests. When combining RCISRB and CSC values, we found that less than 10% of patients showed improvement or deterioration patterns in executive function and attention measures. These results support the view that cognitive impairments are stable over the first 2 years of illness, but also that the analysis of individual trajectories could help to identify a subgroup of patients with particular phenotypes, who may require specific interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L Moreno-Izco
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - R Lorente-Omeñaca
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - B Cabrera
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Lobo
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
| | - A M González-Pinto
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Vitoria, Spain
- University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - J Merchán-Naranjo
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Corripio
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Clinical Institute for the Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E de la Serna
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Butjosa
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Joan de Déu Research Foundation. Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Contreras
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sarró
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Mezquida
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ribeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Bernardo
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Loenen IS, Rijnen SJM, Bruijn J, Rutten GJM, Gehring K, Sitskoorn MM. Group Changes in Cognitive Performance After Surgery Mask Changes in Individual Patients with Glioblastoma. World Neurosurg 2018; 117:e172-e179. [PMID: 29886297 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest to include evaluations of cognitive performance in the clinical management of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). However, as changes in cognitive performance of a group may mask changes in individual patients, study results are often difficult to transfer into clinical practice. We focused on the comparison of group versus individual changes in neuropsychological performance of patients with GBM after initial surgical treatment. METHODS Patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation using CNS Vital Signs 1 day prior to and 3 months after surgery. Two-tailed paired-samples t tests were conducted to assess changes on the group level. Reliable change indices (RCIs) that correct for practice effects and imperfect test-retest reliabilities were used to examine changes in individual patients. RESULTS Cognitive dysfunction was common (>80%) both before and 3 months after surgery in this sample of 82 patients with GBM. Whereas group analyses revealed minimal changes in performance over time, RCIs demonstrated that most patients (89%) showed changes in performance in at least 1 cognitive domain. Half of these individual patients solely showed improvements, a quarter solely showed declines, and another quarter showed both improvements and declines. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly demonstrates that important individual changes in performance are masked when looking only at group results. Future studies should more often use an individual patient approach to enhance knowledge transfer into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge S van Loenen
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie J M Rijnen
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Jimme Bruijn
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan M Rutten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Gehring
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet M Sitskoorn
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baranoff JA, Hanrahan SJ, Burke AL, Connor JP. Changes in Acceptance in a Low-Intensity, Group-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Chronic Pain Intervention. Int J Behav Med 2016; 23:30-8. [PMID: 26135404 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acceptance and commitment therapy has shown to be effective in chronic pain rehabilitation, and acceptance has been shown to be a key process of change. The influence of treatment dose on acceptance is not clear, and in particular, the effectiveness of a non-intensive treatment (<20 h) in a tertiary pain clinic is required. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a low-intensity, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group program for chronic pain. The study sought to compare, at both groups and individual patient levels, changes in acceptance with changes observed in previous ACT studies. METHODS Seventy-one individuals with chronic pain commenced a 9-week ACT-based group program at an outpatient chronic pain service. In addition to acceptance, outcomes included the following: pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, quality of life, and pain-related anxiety. To compare the current findings with previous research, effect sizes from seven studies were aggregated using the random-effects model to calculate benchmarks. Reliable change indices (RCIs) were applied to assess change on an individual patient-level. RESULTS The ACT intervention achieved a statistically significant increase in acceptance and medium effect size (d = 0.54) at a group level. Change in acceptance was of a similar magnitude to that found in previous ACT studies that examined interventions with similar treatment hours (<20 h). Results across other outcome measures demonstrated small to medium effect sizes (d = 0.01 to 0.48, mean = 0.26). Reliable improvement in acceptance occurred in approximately one-third (37.2, 90% CI) of patients. Approximately three-quarters (74.3, 90% CI) demonstrated reliable change in at least one of the outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS The low-intensity, group-based ACT intervention was effective at a group level and showed a similar magnitude of change in acceptance to previous ACT studies employing low-intensity interventions. Three-quarters of patients reported reliable change on at least one outcome measure.
Collapse
|
15
|
Brooks BL, Holdnack JA, Iverson GL. To Change is Human: "Abnormal" Reliable Change Memory Scores are Common in Healthy Adults and Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 31:1026-1036. [PMID: 27680088 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rate at which people obtain reliably improved or declined cognitive test scores when retested, in the absence of a change in clinical condition, is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the prevalence of statistically reliable change scores on memory test batteries in healthy adults and older adults. METHOD Participants included three adult and older adult test-retest samples from memory test batteries. Reliable change scores (reliable change index with 90% confidence interval and practice effects) were calculated for the indexes and subtests of each battery. Multivariate analyses involved calculating the frequencies of healthy people obtaining one or more reliably declined or one or more reliably improved scores when considering all change scores simultaneously within each battery. RESULTS Across all batteries, having one or more reliably changed index or subtest score on retest was common. With most batteries, having two or more reliably changed scores was uncommon. Those with higher intellectual abilities were more likely to have a change on retest; however, no significant differences in base rates were found based on education level, sex, or ethnic minority status. Those older adults who did not have any low memory scores were more likely to improve than decline on retest. CONCLUSIONS Having a single reliably changed score on retest is common when interpreting a battery of memory measures. This has implications for determining cognitive decline and cognitive recovery, suggesting that multivariate interpretation is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Brooks
- Neurosciences Program (Brain Injury and Rehabilitation), Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics, Clinical Neurosciences, and Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, Boston, MA, USA.,Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Duff K, Atkinson TJ, Suhrie KR, Dalley BCA, Schaefer SY, Hammers DB. Short-term practice effects in mild cognitive impairment: Evaluating different methods of change. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 39:396-407. [PMID: 27646966 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1230596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Practice effects are improvements on cognitive tests as a result of repeated exposure to testing material. However, variability exists in the literature about whether patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) display practice effects, which may be partially due to the methods used to calculate these changes on repeated tests. The purpose of the current study was to examine multiple methods of assessing short-term practice effects in 58 older adults with MCI. The cognitive battery, which included tests of memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised) and processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Trail Making Test Parts A and B), was administered twice across one week. Dependent t tests showed statistically significant improvement on memory scores (ps < .01, ds = 0.8-1.3), but not on processing speed scores. Despite this, the sample showed no clinically meaningful improvement on any cognitive scores using three different reliable change indices. Regression-based change scores did identify relatively large groups of participants who showed smaller than expected practice effects, which may indicate that this method is more sensitive in identifying individuals who may portend a declining trajectory. Practice effects remain a complex construct, worthy of continued investigation in diverse clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Duff
- a Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,b Center on Aging , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Taylor J Atkinson
- a Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Kayla R Suhrie
- a Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Bonnie C Allred Dalley
- a Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Sydney Y Schaefer
- b Center on Aging , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,c School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Dustin B Hammers
- a Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,b Center on Aging , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hwang AD, Spangler DL. Classifying symptom change in eating disorders: clinical significance metrics for the Change in Eating Disorder Symptoms Scale. Eat Behav 2016; 21:33-40. [PMID: 26735393 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine clinically significant change criteria and change trajectories for the Change in Eating Disorder Symptoms Scale (CHEDS). Participants included non-eating disordered (n=95) and eating disordered (n=58) samples. The clinical sample was undergoing enhanced cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT-E) for eating disorders. Reliable change indices (RCI), cutscores, and change trajectories were calculated. CHEDS total score RCI was 12 points while the cutscore between eating disordered and non-eating disordered groups was 65. Trajectory models for benchmarking were successfully derived based on initial scores. The change indices and trajectories permit session-by-session analyses and benchmarking of change. These empirically-calibrated indices of patient change and progress allow for empirically-guided treatment decision-making.
Collapse
|
18
|
Montero M, Iraurgi I, Matellanes B, Montero JM. [Use of the reliable change index to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical interventions: Application of an asthma training program]. Aten Primaria 2015; 47:644-52. [PMID: 25700987 PMCID: PMC6983811 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare two methods for the evaluation of outcomes to assess effectiveness of a therapeutic intervention of a professional education program on asthma control. DESIGN A naturalistic, intervention study in which asthmatic patients were attended by clinicians (IG group) who Had taken part in a special education program and a control group (CG) that received medical assistance from clinicians still waiting to be trained. LOCATION Five urban Primary Care Health Centres of the same region. PARTICIPANTS From an initial sample of 100 patients, 76 formed the final sample for analysis. The study included 37 males and 39 females, aged between 18 and 65 years (M=41.2 years). The two study groups were found to be homogeneous except for the sex variable. INTERVENTION Training program for clinical treatment adherence. MAIN MEASUREMENTS Peak flow as spirometric index, and structured interview. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The results were initially analysed using classical techniques based on robust ANOVA models, and then by calculating the Reliable Change Index (RCI). RESULTS ANOVA models, conducted separately for each sex, showed no significant differences, due to sample size. RCI methodology showed significant differences in the percentage of patients improved in both groups, as well as clinically relevant changes being observed individually. CONCLUSIONS The RCI method is presented as an attractive alternative as regards the classical methods of analysis that can help in the clinical decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Montero
- DeustoPsych, I+D+i en Psicología y Salud, Facultad de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, España.
| | - Ioseba Iraurgi
- DeustoPsych, I+D+i en Psicología y Salud, Facultad de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, España
| | - Begoña Matellanes
- DeustoPsych, I+D+i en Psicología y Salud, Facultad de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, España
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Norup A, Kristensen KS, Poulsen I, Mortensen EL. Evaluating clinically significant changes in health-related quality of life: A sample of relatives of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2015; 27:196-215. [PMID: 26299841 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1076484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate change and predictors of change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relatives of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) during rehabilitation, and to analyse associations between changes in HRQoL and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The Vitality (VT), Mental Health (MH), Social Function (SF) and the Role Emotional (RE) scales from the Short Form 36, and the anxiety and depression scales from the Symptom Checklist-90 - Revised were used. Of the 62 relatives, 24.6% experienced a reliable improvement on the VT scale, 53.2% on the MH scale, 27.4% on the SF scale and 16.1% on the RE scale. Of the relatives, 24.0% experienced clinically significant change (CSC) on the VT scale, 19.6% on the MH scale, 21.6% on the SF scale, and 19.2% on the RE scale. Relatives' age and higher patient Glasgow Coma Scale score predicted the experience of CSC in RE, and change on the Functional Independence Measure in patients predicted CSC on the MH scale. Improvements in VT as well as MH were associated with improvement in symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improvement in SF was associated with improvement in symptoms of depression. About one-fifth of the sample experienced a CSC on one of the four HRQoL measures. Relatives experiencing CSC tended to be related to patients who showed more improvement during rehabilitation. Improvements in HRQoL were associated with improvements in symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Norup
- a RUBRIC, Clinic of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury Unit , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,b Department of Neurology , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Karin Spangsberg Kristensen
- a RUBRIC, Clinic of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury Unit , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ingrid Poulsen
- a RUBRIC, Clinic of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury Unit , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- c Institute of Public Health and Centre for Healthy Ageing , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fervaha G, Hill C, Agid O, Takeuchi H, Foussias G, Siddiqui I, Kern RS, Remington G. Examination of the validity of the Brief Neurocognitive Assessment (BNA) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 166:304-9. [PMID: 26004693 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many comprehensive batteries exist to evaluate the nature and degree of cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia, short batteries hold promise for rapidly screening and estimating deficits in global cognition. Recently, the Brief Neurocognitive Assessment (BNA) was established and has been shown to have similar validity and utility to a more comprehensive battery of cognitive tests in evaluating global cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. The present study sought to further establish the validity of the BNA by comparing it with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). METHODS One-hundred seventy-six patients with schizophrenia and 300 healthy volunteers participated in the present study. Global cognition was evaluated using the MCCB composite score and estimated using the BNA. To examine practice effects and test-retest reliability, patients were re-assessed after 4weeks. RESULTS The BNA was highly correlated with global cognition as evaluated by the MCCB in both the schizophrenia (r=0.82) and healthy control samples (r=0.75). Both instruments were similarly sensitive to deficits in global cognition in patients with schizophrenia relative to healthy controls. The BNA also demonstrated high test-retest reliability in patients with schizophrenia (r=0.87), comparable to the level observed with the MCCB (r=0.91). In addition, both the BNA and MCCB showed a similar level of practice effects (both Cohen's d=0.11), and both instruments demonstrated equivalent sensitivities to longitudinal change. Furthermore, scores from the BNA and MCCB were related to symptom severity and functional capacity to a similar degree. CONCLUSIONS The BNA provides clinicians and researchers with an efficient and reliable means by which to evaluate global neurocognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia by allowing estimation of performance on a more comprehensive standardized battery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Fervaha
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Christina Hill
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ofer Agid
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hiroyoshi Takeuchi
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ishraq Siddiqui
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert S Kern
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gary Remington
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Iraurgi I, Gorbeña S, Martínez-Cubillos MI, Escribano M, Gómez-de-Maintenant P. [Assessment of individual clinical outcomes: regarding an electroconvulsive therapy case]. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment 2015; 8:11-16. [PMID: 25282427 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of therapeutic results and of the efficacy and effectiveness of treatments is an area of interest both for clinicians and researchers. In general, randomized controlled trial designs have been used as the methodology of choice in which intergroup comparisons are made having a minimum of participants in each arm of treatment. However, these procedures are seldom used in daily clinical practice. Despite this fact, the evaluation of treatment results for a specific patient is important for the clinician in order to address if therapeutic goals have been accomplished both in terms of statistical significance and clinical meaningfulness. The methodology based on the reliable change index (Jacobson y Truax)1 provides an estimate of these two criteria. The goal of this article is to propose a procedure to apply the methodology with a single case study of a woman diagnosed with major depression and treated with electroconvulsive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioseba Iraurgi
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, España.
| | - Susana Gorbeña
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, España
| | | | | | - Pablo Gómez-de-Maintenant
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, España
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Although neuropsychologists are frequently asked to evaluate cognitive change in a patient, this can be a complex determination. Using data from 167 non-demented older adults tested twice across one week, the current study sought to provide a variety of reliable change indices for a brief battery of commonly used neuropsychological measures. Statistically significant improvements were observed on seven of nine scores examined over this short retest interval, with the largest changes occurring on memory measures. Information is provided on simple discrepancy scores, standard deviation index, reliable change index (with and without correcting for practice effects), and standardized regression based change formulae for each cognitive score. Even though a one-week retesting interval is a less typical clinical scenario, these results may give clinicians and researchers more options for assessing short-term change in a variety of settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Duff
- a Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ekeroth K, Birgegård A. Evaluating reliable and clinically significant change in eating disorders: comparisons to changes in DSM-IV diagnoses. Psychiatry Res 2014; 216:248-54. [PMID: 24582504 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Assessing clinically meaningful change is valuable for treatment planning, monitoring course of illness and evaluating outcome. Although DSM eating disorder (ED) diagnoses have been criticized for poor clinical utility, instability, and uncertainty, remission/change of diagnosis is often the standard for evaluating outcome. We tested the validity of the clinically significant reliable change index (CS/RCI) compared to change in DSM-IV ED-diagnoses. We investigated if CS/RCI was concordant to diagnostic change and compared explained variance on measures at follow-up. Using a database for specialized ED treatment in Sweden the sample contained 1042 female patients (246 adolescents/796 adults). CS/RCI was calculated for the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). CS/RCI explained more variance in gain scores for psychopathology measures than diagnostic change (DSM-IV). Average agreement between diagnostic change and CS/RCI was 62% and 60% for CIA and EDE-Q, respectively. Diagnostic change always resulted in more positive outcome than CS/RCI. Together with clinical judgment, CS/RCI is a valuable method for determining clinically significant changes in clinical practice and research. It is economically sound and results are easily interpreted and communicated to patients.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Prior research about cognitive problems associated with the use of urinary urgency medication (UUM) has reported mixed results that suggest procedures and/or assessments may need to be refined. METHODS Ten elderly subjects who were actively taking a UUM were assessed with neuropsychological testing before and after a 4-week UUM washout period. Results were evaluated by examining discrete subtest results, full-scale scores, and the reliable change index methodology. RESULTS Four controls and 5 subjects with mild cognitive impairment showed significant improvement in at least one subtest score on well-characterized instruments. CONCLUSION In this case study of 10 subjects, withdrawal of oxybutynin and tolterodine resulted in significant changes in subtest scores with different patterns for each subject that were not necessarily reflected in their total scores. Thus, future clinical studies should always include analysis of subtest results as these changes may be the only indication that cognition has been improved or has declined significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilee Monnot
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Okla., USA
| | | |
Collapse
|