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Kondo M, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Kawai YK, Mizukawa H, Mitani Y, Nomyama K, Tanabe S, Ishizuka M. Sulfotransferases (SULTs), enzymatic and genetic variation in Carnivora: Limited sulfation capacity in pinnipeds. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109476. [PMID: 36182081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Wild carnivorans are one of the most important species due to their high positions in the food chain. They are also highly affected by numerous environmental contaminants through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Xenobiotic metabolism is a significant chemical defense system from xenobiotics because it degrades the activity of a wide range of chemicals, generally into less active forms, resulting in their deactivation. Sulfotransferases (SULTs) are one of the most important xenobiotic metabolic enzymes, which catalyze the sulfonation of a variety of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and a wide range of xenobiotic compounds. Although SULTs are of such high importance, little research has focused on these enzymes in wild carnivorans. In this study, we clarified the genetic properties of SULTs in a wide range of mammals, focusing on carnivorans, using in silico genetic analyses. We found genetic deficiencies of SULT1E1 and SULT1D1 isoforms in all pinnipeds analyzed and nonsense mutations in SULT1Cs in several carnivorans including pinnipeds. We further investigated the enzymatic activity of SULT1E1 in vitro using liver cytosols from pinnipeds. Using a SULT1E1 probe substrate, we found highly limited estradiol sulfonation in pinnipeds, whereas other mammals had relatively high sulfation. These results suggest that pinnipeds have severely or completely absent SULT1E1 activity, which importantly catalyzes the metabolism of estrogens, drugs, and environmental toxins. This further implies a high susceptibility to a wide range of xenobiotics in these carnivorans, which are constantly exposed to environmental chemicals throughout their lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuki Kondo
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan(1)
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan(1); Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan(1); Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Yusuke K Kawai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan(2)
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Yoko Mitani
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, N11, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0811, Japan(3)
| | - Kei Nomyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan(4)
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan(4)
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan(1).
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Li X, Duan X, Zhang H, Ding M, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yao W, Zhou X, Wang W. Genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzyme genes associated with leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number in PAHs exposure workers. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1361. [PMID: 33788425 PMCID: PMC8388165 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure had been reported to be a risk factor of mtDNAcn in our early study. However, the effect of metabolic enzymes' genetic polymorphisms on mtDNAcn in PAHs-Exposure workers has not been fully evaluated. AIM The aim of the study was to explore the effect of metabolic enzymes' genetic polymorphisms on mtDNAcn in PAHs-Exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the effects of metabolic enzymes' genetic polymorphisms on mtDNAcn among 544 coke oven workers and 238 office staffs. The mtDNAcn of peripheral blood leukocytes was measured using the Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. PCR and restriction fragment length was used to detect five polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 rs1695, CYP2E1 rs6413432, and CYP2E1 rs3813867. The mtDNAcn in peripheral blood leukocytes was significantly lower in the exposure group than that in the control group (p < .001). The 1-OHPYR had an increasing trend with the genotypes AA→AG → GG of GSTP1 rs1695 in the control group. Generalized linear model indicated that the influencing factors of mtDNAcn were PAHs-exposure [β (95% CI) = -0.420 (-0.469, -0.372), p < .001], male [β (95% CI) = -0.058 (-0.103, -0.012), p = .013], and AA genotype for GSTP1 rs1695 [β (95% CI) = -0.051 (-0.095, -0.008), p = .020]. CONCLUSION The individuals carrying the AA genotype of GSTP1 rs1695 may have a lower mtDNAcn due to their weaker detoxification of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingcui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Safety Management Department of Anyang Iron and Steel Group Company, Anyang, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhang Y. Analytical chemistry, formation, mitigation, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: From food processing to
in vivo
metabolic transformation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1422-1456. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiju Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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Rietz Liljedahl E, Johanson G, Korres de Paula H, Faniband M, Assarsson E, Littorin M, Engfeldt M, Lidén C, Julander A, Wahlberg K, Lindh C, Broberg K. Filaggrin Polymorphisms and the Uptake of Chemicals through the Skin-A Human Experimental Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:17002. [PMID: 33439052 PMCID: PMC7805408 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The filaggrin protein is important for skin barrier structure and function. Loss-of-function (null) mutations in the filaggrin gene FLG may increase dermal absorption of chemicals. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to clarify if dermal absorption of chemicals differs depending on FLG genotype. METHOD We performed a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based genetic screen for loss-of-function mutations (FLG null) in 432 volunteers from the general population in southern Sweden and identified 28 FLG null carriers. In a dermal exposure experiment, we exposed 23 FLG null and 31 wild-type (wt) carriers to three organic compounds common in the environment: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene, the pesticide pyrimethanil, and the ultraviolet-light absorber oxybenzone. We then used liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry to measure the concentrations of these chemicals or their metabolites in the subjects' urine over 48 h following exposure. Furthermore, we used long-range PCR to measure FLG repeat copy number variants (CNV), and we performed population toxicokinetic analysis. RESULTS Lag times for the uptake and dermal absorption rate of the chemicals differed significantly between FLG null and wt carriers with low (20-22 repeats) and high FLG CNV (23-24 repeats). We found a dose-dependent effect on chemical absorption with increasing lag times by increasing CNV for both pyrimethanil and pyrene, and decreasing area under the urinary excretion rate curve (AUC(0-40h)) with increasing CNV for pyrimethanil. FLG null carriers excreted 18% and 110% more metabolite (estimated by AUC(0-40h)) for pyrimethanil than wt carriers with low and high CNV, respectively. CONCLUSION We conclude that FLG genotype influences the dermal absorption of some common chemicals. Overall, FLG null carriers were the most susceptible, with the shortest lag time and highest rate constants for skin absorption, and higher fractions of the applied dose excreted. Furthermore, our results indicate that low FLG CNV resulted in increased dermal absorption of chemicals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7310.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Rietz Liljedahl
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Korres de Paula
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Moosa Faniband
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Assarsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Littorin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carola Lidén
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anneli Julander
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Wahlberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Thompson LA, Ikenaka Y, Sobhy Darwish W, Nakayama SMM, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Effects of the organochlorine p,p'-DDT on MCF-7 cells: Investigating metabolic and immune modulatory transcriptomic changes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103249. [PMID: 31521043 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The organochlorine pesticide dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) is persistent in the environment and leads to adverse human health effects. High levels in breast milk pose a threat to both breast tissue and nursing infants. The objectives of this study were to investigate DDT-induced transcriptomic alterations in enzymes and transporters involved in xenobiotic metabolism, immune responses, oxidative stress markers, and cell growth in a human breast cancer cell line. MCF-7 cells were exposed to both environmentally-relevant and previously-tested concentrations of p,p'-DDT in a short-term experiment. Significant up-regulation of metabolizing enzymes and transporters (ACHE, GSTO1, NQO1 and ABCC2) and oxidative stress markers (CXCL8, HMOX-1, NFE2L2 and TNF) was clearly observed. Conversely, UGT1A6, AHR and cell growth genes (FGF2 and VEGFA) were severely down-regulated. Identification of these genes helps to identify mechanisms of p,p'-DDT action within cells and may be considered as useful biomarkers for exposure to DDT contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesa A Thompson
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44510, Egypt
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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6
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Saengtienchai A, Ikenaka Y, Kawata M, Kawai Y, Takeda K, Kondo M, Bortey-Sam N, Nakayama SMM, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Comparison of xenobiotic metabolism in phase I oxidation and phase II conjugation between rats and bird species. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 214:28-35. [PMID: 30176376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There have been many reports regarding toxic chemicals in birds. Chemicals are mainly metabolized in the liver through phase I oxidation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) and phase II conjugation by conjugated enzymes, such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), sulfotransferase (SULT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), etc. Xenobiotic metabolism differs among bird species, but little detailed information is available. In the present study, the four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), pyrene, was used as a model xenobiotic to clarify the characteristics of xenobiotic metabolism in birds compared with laboratory animals by in vivo and in vitro studies. Plasma, bile, and excreta (urine and feces) were collected after oral administration of pyrene and analyzed to clarify xenobiotic metabolism ability in chickens and quails. Interestingly, pyrenediol-glucuronide sulfate (PYDOGS) and pyrenediol-diglucuronide (PYDOGG) were present in chickens and quails but not in rats. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of pyrene-1-sulfate (PYOS) were higher than those of the parent molecule, pyrene, while the elimination half-life (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT) were faster than those of the parent pyrene. With regard to sulfation of 1-hydroxypyrene (PYOH), the maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) of rat liver cytosol were greater than those of chicken and quail liver cytosol. Furthermore, Vmax/Km of UGT activity in rat liver microsomes was also greater than those of chicken and quail liver microsomes. Characterization of xenobiotic metabolism revealed species differences between birds and mammals, raising concerns about exposure to various xenobiotics in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksorn Saengtienchai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Minami Kawata
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawai
- Department of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takeda
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Kondo
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nesta Bortey-Sam
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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BORTEY-SAM N, IKENAKA Y, AKOTO O, NAKAYAMA SM, MARFO JT, SAENGTIENCHAI A, MIZUKAWA H, ISHIZUKA M. Sex and site differences in urinary excretion of conjugated pyrene metabolites in the West African Shorthorn cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:375-381. [PMID: 29279463 PMCID: PMC5836780 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrialization, economic and population growth rates in Ghana have increased the release of contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the environment through which humans and animals are exposed. Cattle is reported to be exposed to high levels of PAHs through feed and inhalation. Once exposed, PAHs are metabolized and excreted in urine, feces or bile. In a previous study, cattle in Ghana was reported to excrete high levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr) due to high exposure to the parent compound, pyrene. 1-OHPyr is further metabolized to glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the sex and site differences in urinary excretion of conjugated pyrene metabolites using cattle urine collected from rural and urban sites of the Ashanti region, Ghana. From the results, geometric mean concentration adjusted by specific gravity indicated that 1-OHPyreneGlucuronide (PyG) was the most abundant conjugate followed by PyrenediolSulfate (M3). The sum of conjugated pyrene metabolites and sum of both conjugated and deconjugated pyrene metabolites correlated significantly with PyG, PydiolSulfate (M2) and PydiolSulfate (M3). The study revealed no significant difference in urinary excretion of conjugated pyrene metabolites between rural and urban sites. This indicated that similar to urban sites, cattle in rural sites were exposed to high levels of pyrene. There was no significant difference in urinary concentrations of conjugated pyrene metabolites between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesta BORTEY-SAM
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18,
Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori IKENAKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18,
Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-818, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and
Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Osei AKOTO
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science
and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Shouta M.M. NAKAYAMA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18,
Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-818, Japan
| | - Jemima T. MARFO
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18,
Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-818, Japan
| | - Aksorn SAENGTIENCHAI
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hazuki MIZUKAWA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18,
Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-818, Japan
| | - Mayumi ISHIZUKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18,
Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-818, Japan
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Chaousis S, Leusch FDL, van de Merwe JP. Charting a path towards non-destructive biomarkers in threatened wildlife: A systematic quantitative literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:59-70. [PMID: 29156442 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Threatened species are susceptible to irreversible population decline caused by adverse sub-lethal effects of chemical contaminant exposure. It is therefore vital to develop the necessary tools to predict and detect these effects as early as possible. Biomarkers of contaminant exposure and effect are widely applied to this end, and a significant amount of research has focused on development and validation of sensitive and diagnostic biomarkers. However, progress in the use biomarkers that can be measured using non-destructive techniques has been relatively slow and there are still many difficulties to overcome in the development of sound methods. This paper systematically quantifies and reviews studies that have aimed to develop or validate non-destructive biomarkers in wildlife, and provides an analysis of the successes of these methods based on the invasiveness of the methods, the potential for universal application, cost, and the potential for new biomarker discovery. These data are then used to infer what methods and approaches appear the most effective for successful development of non-destructive biomarkers of contaminant exposure in wildlife. This review highlights that research on non-destructive biomarkers in wildlife is severely lacking, and suggests further exploration of in vitro methods in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chaousis
- Griffith School of Environment, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Qld, 4222 Australia.
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Griffith School of Environment, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Qld, 4222 Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Griffith School of Environment, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Qld, 4222 Australia
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Transcriptomic characterization of bovine primary cultured hepatocytes; a cross-comparison with a bovine liver and the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. Res Vet Sci 2017; 113:40-49. [PMID: 28863307 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine primary cultured hepatocytes (CHs) are widely used in vitro models for liver toxicity testing. However, little is known about their whole-transcriptome profile and its resemblance to the normal liver tissue. In the present study, we profiled - by microarray - the whole-transcriptome of bovine CHs (n=4) and compared it with the transcriptomic landscape of control liver samples (n=8), as well the Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells (n=4). Compared with liver tissue, the bovine CHs relatively expressed (fold change >2, P<0.05) about 2155 and 2073 transcripts at a lower and higher abundance, respectively. Of those expressed at a lower abundance, many were drug biotransformation enzyme-coding genes, such as the cytochrome P450 family (CYPs), sulfotransferases, methyltransferases, and glutathione S-transferases. Also, several drug transporters and solute carriers were expressed at a lower abundance in bovine CHs. 'Drug metabolism', 'PPAR signaling', and 'metabolism of xenobiotics by CYPs' were among the most negatively-enriched pathways in bovine CHs compared with liver. A qPCR cross-validation using 8 selected genes evidenced a high correlation (r=0.95, P=0.001) with the corresponding microarray results. Although from a kidney origin, and albeit to a lower extent compared to bovine CHs, the MDBK cells showed a basal expression of many CYP-coding genes. Our study provides a whole-transcriptome-based evidence for the bovine CHs and hepatic tissue resemblance. Overall, the bovine CHs' transcriptomic profile might render it unreliable as an in vitro model to study drug metabolism.
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Gessner DK, Ringseis R, Eder K. Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 101:605-628. [PMID: 27456323 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which have been shown to exert antioxidative and antiinflamma tory effects in cell culture, rodent and human studies. Based on the fact that conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation are highly relevant in farm animals, polyphenols are considered as promising feed additives in the nutrition of farm animals. However, in contrast to many studies existing with model animals and humans, potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects of polyphenols have been less investigated in farm animals so far. This review aims to give an overview about potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects in farm animals. The first part of the review highlights the occurrence and the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation on animal health and performance. The second part of the review deals with bioavailability and metabolism of polyphenols in farm animals. The third and main part of the review presents an overview of the findings from studies which investigated the effects of polyphenols of various plant sources in pigs, poultry and cattle, with particular consideration of effects on the antioxidant system and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - R Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Mizukawa H, Ikenaka Y, Kakehi M, Nakayama S, Ishizuka M. Characterization of Species Differences in Xenobiotic Metabolism in Non-experimental Animals. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:257-263. [PMID: 28250318 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to metabolize xenobiotics in organisms has a wide degree of variation among organisms. This is caused by differences in the pattern of xenobiotic bioaccumulation among organisms, which affects their tolerance. It has been reported in the veterinary field that glucuronidation (UGT) activity in cats, acetylation activity in dogs and sulfation (SULT) activity in pigs are sub-vital in these species, respectively, and require close attention when prescribing the medicine. On the other hand, information about species differences in xenobiotics metabolism remains insufficient, especially in non-experimental animals. In the present study, we tried to elucidate xenobiotic metabolism ability, especially in phase II UGT conjugation of various non-experimental animals, by using newly constructed in vivo, in vitro and genomic techniques. The results indicated that marine mammals (Steller sea lion, northern fur seal, and Caspian seal) showed UGT activity as low as that in cats, which was significantly lower than in rats and dogs. Furthermore, UGT1A6 pseudogenes were found in the Steller sea lion and Northern fur seal; all Otariidae species are thought to have the UGT1A6 pseudogene as well. Environmental pollutants and drugs conjugated by UGT are increasing dramatically in the modern world, and their dispersal into the environment can be of great consequence to Carnivora species, whose low xenobiotic glucuronidation capacity makes them highly sensitive to these compounds.
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Jacobson GA, Raidal S, Robson K, Narkowicz CK, Nichols DS, Haydn Walters E. Bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics of (R)-salbutamol and (S)-salbutamol enantiomers in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and lung tissue of horses. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1436-1445. [PMID: 28061018 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Salbutamol is usually administered as a racemic mixture but little is known about the enantioselectivity of salbutamol pharmacokinetics in the lung. This study was designed to investigate enantiomer concentrations in lung tissue after inhaled dosing. METHODS Horses (n = 12) received racemic salbutamol 1000 μg via inhalation. Enantioselective ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine salbutamol concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) sampled 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after administration, in central lung (endoscopic bronchial biopsy) and peripheral lung (percutaneous pulmonary biopsy) tissues (at 20 and 25 min respectively), and in plasma samples. RESULTS Mean ± 95% confidence interval (CI) yield of PELF was 57 ± 10 mg. Initial mean ± 95%CI (R)- and (S)-salbutamol PELF concentrations were 389 ± 189 ng g-1 and 378 ± 177 ng g-1 respectively, and both reduced approximately 50% by 15 min. Mean ± 95%CI central lung levels of drug were higher than peripheral lung tissue for both (R)-salbutamol (875 ± 945 vs. 49.5 ± 12 ng g-1 ) and (S)-salbutamol (877 ± 955 vs. 50.9 ± 12 ng g-1 ) respectively. There was no evidence of enantioselectivity in PELF or central lung but minor (~2%) enantioselectivity was observed in the peripheral lung. Enantioselectivity was clearly evident in plasma with (S):(R) ratio of 1.25 and 1.14 for both area under the concentration-time curve (0-25 min) and Cmax respectively. CONCLUSIONS PELF sampling in horses offers sufficient yield allowing direct detection of drug and, combined with tissue sampling, is a valuable model to investigate bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics. Salbutamol did not demonstrate enantioselectivity in PELF or central lung tissue uptake following acute dosing, however, enantioselective plasma concentrations were demonstrated, with minor enantioselectivity in the peripheral lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Jacobson
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sharanne Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Robson
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - E Haydn Walters
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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13
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Kuo DTF, Chen CC. Deriving in vivo biotransformation rate constants and metabolite parent concentration factor/stable metabolite factor from bioaccumulation and bioconcentration experiments: An illustration with worm accumulation data. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2903-2909. [PMID: 27225975 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Growing concern for the biological fate of organic contaminants and their metabolites and the urge to connect in vitro and in vivo toxicokinetics have prompted researchers to characterize the biotransformation behavior of organic contaminants in biota. The whole body biotransformation rate constant (kM ) is currently determined by the difference approach, which has significant methodological limitations. A new approach for determining kM from the kinetic observations of the parent contaminant and its intermediate metabolites is proposed. In this method, kM can be determined by fitting kinetic data of the parent contaminant and the metabolites to analytical equations that depict the bioaccumulation kinetics. The application of the proposed method is illustrated using worm bioaccumulation-biotransformation data collected from the literature. Furthermore, a metabolite parent concentration factor (MPCF) is also proposed to characterize the persistence of the metabolite in biota. Because both the proposed kM method and MPCF build on the existing theoretical framework for bioaccumulation, they can be readily incorporated into standard experimental bioaccumulation protocols or risk assessment procedures or frameworks. Possible limitations, implications, and future directions are elaborated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2903-2909. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Ta Fu Kuo
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon City, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ciara Chun Chen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon City, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Saengtienchai A, Ikenaka Y, Bortey-Sam N, Jermnark U, Mizukawa H, Kawai YK, Nakayama SMM, Ishizuka M. The African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris): Low phase I and phase II metabolism activities. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 190:38-47. [PMID: 27544300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The African hedgehog, Atelerix albiventris, is a spiny mammal that has become popular as an exotic pet in many countries. To elucidate the ability of hedgehogs to metabolize xenobiotics, the animals were exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, pyrene. The in vivo exposure study indicated that pyrene was biotransformed to glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, such as pyrene-1-glucuronide, pyrene-1-sulfate, and pyrenediol-sulfate, and excreted in the urine. Pyrene-1-glucuronide was the main metabolite, and limited sulfate conjugate excretion was observed. The main products excreted in feces were 1-hydroxypyrene and pyrene. Based on the results of the in vivo exposure study, in vitro enzymatic kinetic experiments were performed using various substrates and compared to rats and pigs. The enzyme efficiencies of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and warfarin 4'-, 6-, and 8-hydroxylation activity in hedgehogs were lower than those of rats. Furthermore, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in hedgehogs also had a lower Km value than that in pigs. Interestingly, the enzyme efficiencies of sulfation activity toward 1-hydroxypyrene and β-estradiol in hedgehogs were significantly lower than those in pigs. These observations suggested that phenol and estrogen sulfotransferases may have limited roles in xenobiotic metabolism in hedgehogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksorn Saengtienchai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Latyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Nesta Bortey-Sam
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Usuma Jermnark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Latyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke K Kawai
- Department of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, ,Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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15
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Bortey-Sam N, Ikenaka Y, Akoto O, Nakayama SMM, Marfo J, Saengtienchai A, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Excretion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (OH-PAHs) in cattle urine in Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:331-337. [PMID: 27423502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate matter, soils and livers of wild rats indicated that the city centre of Kumasi, Ghana has been severely polluted with high cancer potency. Cattle urine were therefore collected from Kumasi (urban) and Offinso (rural), Ghana: to determine concentrations of urinary PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs); and find their association with sex; and to estimate exposure of cattle to PAHs from the different sites. From the results, geometric mean concentrations (adjusted by specific gravity), GMSG, showed that 2-OHNaphthalene (2-OHNap) was the most abundant OH-PAH in cattle urine from all study sites, and naphthalene-containing-mothballs might have contributed significantly to the levels. There was no significant difference between urinary OH-PAHs concentrations in cattle from urban and rural sites except for 2-OHPhe and 4-OHPhe, and similar to urban areas, rural sites could also be polluted with PAHs. GMSG of 2-OHNap in cattle urine in Kokote (21.9 ± 6.51 ng/mL; a rural area), was significantly higher compared to the other sites followed by Oforikrom (4.15 ± 4.37 ng/mL; urban). The GMSG concentration (ng/mL) of the sum of OH-PAHs decreased in the order, Kokote (44.7) > Oforikrom (7.87) > Saboa (6.98) > Santasi (6.68) > and Twumasen Estate (5.23). The high concentrations of urinary 2-OHNap, 2-3-OHFlu, 2-OHPhe, 3-OHPhe and 4-OHPhe in Kokote indicated high PAHs exposure to cattle in this area or different/specific source of PAHs exposure. GMSG of 2-OHNap was significantly higher in male cattle compared to females while 1-9-OHPhe was significantly higher in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesta Bortey-Sam
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Osei Akoto
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Jemima Marfo
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Aksorn Saengtienchai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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16
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Henríquez-Hernández LA, Carretón E, Camacho M, Montoya-Alonso JA, Boada LD, Valerón PF, Cordón YF, Almeida-González M, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP. Influence of parasitism in dogs on their serum levels of persistent organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:128-135. [PMID: 27096633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are toxic chemicals, which accumulate in humans and animals, as only few species have the capability of eliminating them. However, some authors have pointed to the possibility that certain species of invertebrates (i.e. nematodes) could metabolize this type of compounds. As certain species of nematodes act as parasites of vertebrates, this research was designed to explore the influence of some of the most common parasites of the dogs in their serum levels of 56 common POPs. The study included three groups of dogs (n=64), which were prospectively recruited in the island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain): a) control animals, non-parasitized (serologically tested negative, n=24); b) dogs tested positive for intestinal parasites and negative for other parasites (n=24); and c) dogs tested positive for heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) and negative for other parasites (n=16). The presence of Dirofilaria immitis was strongly associated with lower serum levels of a wide range of pollutant in their hosts (PCB congeners 28, 52, 118, 138, 153, and 180; hexachlorobenzene, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, anthracene and pyrene). We also found an inverse association between the hosts' serum levels of PCBs and intestinal parasites. We did not find any association with DDT or its metabolites, but this might be explained by the recently suggested ability of dogs for the efficient metabolization of these compounds. According to the results of this study certain forms of parasitism would reduce the bioavailability of the major classes of POPs in dogs. However, further studies are needed to elucidate whether this phenomenon is due to a competence between parasites and hosts or could respond to a possible capability of parasitic nematodes for the metabolization of these POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Elena Carretón
- Internal Medicine Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Alberto Montoya-Alonso
- Internal Medicine Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yaiza Falcón Cordón
- Internal Medicine Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maira Almeida-González
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Moorthy B, Chu C, Carlin DJ. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: from metabolism to lung cancer. Toxicol Sci 2016; 145:5-15. [PMID: 25911656 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) often results in lung cancer, a disease with the highest cancer mortality in the United States. After entry into the lung, PAHs induce phase I metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases, i.e. CYP1A1/2 and 1B1, and phase II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases, UDP glucuronyl transferases, NADPH quinone oxidoreductases (NQOs), aldo-keto reductases (AKRs), and epoxide hydrolases (EHs), via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent and independent pathways. Humans can also be exposed to PAHs through diet, via consumption of charcoal broiled foods. Metabolism of PAHs through the CYP1A1/1B1/EH pathway, CYP peroxidase pathway, and AKR pathway leads to the formation of the active carcinogens diol-epoxides, radical cations, and o-quinones. These reactive metabolites produce DNA adducts, resulting in DNA mutations, alteration of gene expression profiles, and tumorigenesis. Mutations in xenobiotic metabolic enzymes, as well as polymorphisms of tumor suppressor genes (e.g. p53) and/or genes involved in gene expression (e.g. X-ray repair cross-complementing proteins), are associated with lung cancer susceptibility in human populations from different ethnicities, gender, and age groups. Although various metabolic activation/inactivation pathways, AhR signaling, and genetic susceptibilities contribute to lung cancer, the precise points at which PAHs induce tumor initiation remain unknown. The goal of this review is to provide a current state-of-the-science of the mechanisms of human lung carcinogenesis mediated by PAHs, the experimental approaches used to study this complex class of compounds, and future directions for research of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavatula Moorthy
- *Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas and Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Chun Chu
- *Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas and Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Danielle J Carlin
- *Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas and Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Ruiz-Suárez N, Camacho M, Boada LD, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Rial C, Valerón PF, Zumbado M, González MA, Luzardo OP. The assessment of daily dietary intake reveals the existence of a different pattern of bioaccumulation of chlorinated pollutants between domestic dogs and cats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 530-531:45-52. [PMID: 26026408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pet dogs and cats have been proposed as sentinel species to assess environmental contamination and human exposure to a variety of pollutants, including POPs. However, some authors have reported that dogs but not cats exhibit intriguingly low levels of some of the most commonly detected POPs, such as DDT and its metabolites. This research was designed to explore these differences between dogs and cats. Thus, we first determined the concentrations of 53 persistent and semi-persistent pollutants (16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)) in samples of the most consumed brands of commercial feed for dogs and cats, and we calculated the daily dietary intake of these pollutants in both species. Higher levels of pollutants were found in dog food and our results showed that the median values of intake were about twice higher in dogs than in cats for all the three groups of pollutants (ΣPAHs: 274.8 vs. 141.8; ΣOCPs: 233.1 vs. 83; ΣPCBs: 101.8 vs. 43.8 (ng/kg bw/day); respectively). Additionally, we determined the plasma levels of the same pollutants in 42 and 35 pet dogs and cats, respectively. All these animals lived indoors and were fed on the commercial brands of feed analyzed. As expected (considering the intake), the plasma levels of PAHs were higher in dogs than in cats. However, for organochlorines (OCPs and PCBs) the plasma levels were much higher in cats than in dogs (as much as 23 times higher for DDTs), in spite of the higher intake in dogs. This reveals a lower capacity of bioaccumulation of some pollutants in dogs, which is probably related with higher metabolizing capabilities in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Ruiz-Suárez
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Cristian Rial
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maira Almeida González
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Oguri M, Saengtienchai A, Mizukawa H, Kobayashi J, Darwish WS, Ishizuka M. Are red gourami (Colisa labiosa) low xenobiotic metabolizers? Elucidation of in vivo pharmacokinetics of pyrene as a model substrate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:1148-1153. [PMID: 25917433 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Red gourami (Colisa labiosa) have previously been shown to have low levels of pyrene-metabolizing activity. In this study, other pharmacokinetic factors of pyrene in C. labiosa were compared to those in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Results indicated that the two species labiosa absorbed pyrene in similar amounts. However, excretion of pyrene metabolites from C. labiosa over an 8-day period was lower than those from O. latipes. These findings show that C. labiosa has low ability to metabolize pyrene and to excrete pyrene and its metabolites from the body, and is therefore considered an accumulator of these chemicals. C. labiosa has unique characteristics with regard to pyrene pharmacokinetics. Knowledge about interspecies differences in pharmacokinetics is crucial in determining the endangered species to xenobiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Mami Oguri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Aksorn Saengtienchai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Thailand
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
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