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Jiang B, Zhang Y, Gao J, Guo Y, Ying J, Chen G, Han J, Zhao Y, Gao T, Wang Y, Wu Q, Yu Y, Li SN, Dai J. High-performance epoxy resin with flame-retardant, transparent, and ultraviolet shielding properties based on a vanillin-based multifunctional macromolecule. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134275. [PMID: 39084445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Flame-retardant epoxy resins with tough, transparent, ultraviolet shielding, and low dielectric properties have fascinating prospects in electronic and electrical applications, but it is still challenging at present. In this work, a bio-based macromolecule was synthesized from vanillin (a lignin derivative), phenyl dichlorophosphate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO), and poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether). The bio-based macromolecule, namely, MFR, was designed and added to the epoxy resin (EP). The cured EP containing 15 wt% MFR (i.e., EP/MFR15) exhibits excellent flame retardancy with an Underwriter Laboratory 94 (UL-94) V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.2 %. Furthermore, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) are drastically reduced by 59.5 % and 40.7 %, respectively. Meanwhile, EP/MFR15 shows 20.3 % and 43.8 % improvements in tensile strength and toughness, respectively. Moreover, MFR simultaneously endows EP with accessional ultraviolet shielding performance and low dielectric constant without sacrificing transparency. This work provides a promising strategy for fabricating a bio-based macromolecular flame retardant and preparing a high-performance EP composite with versatile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China; Zhejiang Longsheng Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312300, PR China.
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Jia Gao
- Shanghai Shaanxi Coal Hi-tech Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201613, PR China
| | - Yintian Guo
- Hangzhou Heyu Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Jun Ying
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Gonghao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Jihao Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Yizhu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Qiang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Youming Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Shi-Neng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Dai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
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Luo Y, Tan M, Shin J, Zhang C, Yang S, Song N, Zhang W, Jiao Y, Xie J, Geng Z, He J, Xia M, Xu J, Yang R. Ultrarobust, Self-Healing Poly(urethane-urea) Elastomer with Superior Tensile Strength and Intrinsic Flame Retardancy Enabled by Coordination Cross-Linking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43979-43990. [PMID: 39116414 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Poly(urethane-urea) elastomers (PUUEs) have gained significant attention recently due to their growing demand in electronic skin, wearable electronic devices, and aerospace applications. The practical implementation of these elastomers necessitates many exceptional properties to ensure robust and safe utilization. However, achieving an optimal balance between high mechanical strength, good self-healing at moderate temperatures, and efficient flame retardancy for poly(urethane-urea) elastomers remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we incorporated metal coordination bonds and flame-retarding phosphinate groups into the design of poly(urethane-urea) simultaneously, resulting in a high-strength, self-healing, and flame-retardant elastomer, termed PNPU-2%Zn. Additional supramolecular cross-links and plasticizing effects of phosphinate-endowed PUUEs with relatively remarkable tensile strength (20.9 MPa), high elastic modulus (10.8 MPa), and exceptional self-healing efficiency (above 97%). Besides, PNPU-2%Zn possessed self-extinguishing characteristics with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 26.5%. Such an elastomer with superior properties can resist both mechanical fracture and fire hazards, providing insights into the development of robust and high-performance components for applications in wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Luo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame-Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiyan Tan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jaeman Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Soongsil University, Hanseong, Seoul 06978, South Korea
- Department of Green Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Soongsil University, Hanseong, Seoul 06978, South Korea
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shiyuan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ningning Song
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame-Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunhong Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Beijing, Hebei 071002, PR China
| | - Jixing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Beijing, Hebei 071002, PR China
| | - Zhishuai Geng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame-Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiyu He
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame-Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Xia
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Beijing, Hebei 071002, PR China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame-Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Song K, Bi X, Yu C, Pan YT, Xiao P, Wang J, Song JI, He J, Yang R. Structure of Metal-Organic Frameworks Eco-Modulated by Acid-Base Balance toward Biobased Flame Retardant in Polyurea Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38498312 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Biobased-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (Bio-FUN-MOFs) stand out from the crowd of candidates in the flame-retardant field due to their multipathway flame-retardant mechanisms and green synthesis processes. However, exploring and designing Bio-FUN-MOFs tend to counteract the problem of compromising the flame-retardant advantages of MOFs themselves, which inevitably results in a waste of resources. Herein, a strategy in which MOFs are ecologically regulated through acid-base balance is presented for controllable preparation of Bio-FUN-MOFs by two birds with one stone, i.e., higher flame-retardant element loading and retention of more MOF structures. Specifically, the buffer layer is created on the periphery of ZIF-67 by weak etching of biobased alkali arginine to resist the excessive etching of ZIF-67 by phytic acid when loading phosphorus source and to preserve the integrity of internal crystals as much as possible. As a proof of concept, ZIF-67 was almost completely etched out by phytic acid in the absence of arginine. The arginine and phytic acid-functionalized ZIF-67 with yolk@shell structure (ZIF@Arg-Co-PA) obtained by this strategy, as a biobased flame retardant, reduces fire hazards for polyurea composites. At only 5 wt % loading, ZIF@Arg-Co-PA imparted polyurea composites with a limiting oxygen index of 23.2%, and the peaks of heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production were reduced by 43.8, 32.3, and 34.3%, respectively, compared to neat polyurea. Additionally, the prepared polyurea composites have acceptable mechanical properties. This work will shed light on the advanced structural design of polymer composites with excellent fire safety, especially environmentally friendly and efficient biobased MOF flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xue Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Tang Pan
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xiao
- State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Nanjing 211103, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Junling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jung-Il Song
- School of Mechatronics, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu He
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Dong S, Wang Y, Liu L, Jia H, Zang Y, Zu L, Lan T, Wang J. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel DOPO-Based Flame Retardant Intermediate and Its Flame Retardancy as a Polystyrene Intrinsic Flame Retardant. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48825-48842. [PMID: 38162735 PMCID: PMC10753556 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The research on intrinsic flame retardant has become a hot topic in the field of flame retardant. The synthesis of reactive flame-retardant monomer is one of the effective methods to obtain an intrinsic flame retardant. In addition, in view of the small molecular flame retardant easily migrates from the polymer during the use process, which leads to the gradual reduction of the flame retardant effect and even the gradual loss of flame retardant performance, and the advantages of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technology in polymer structure design and function customization, we first synthesized reactive flame retardant monomer 6-(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (FAA-DOPO), then synthesized polystyrene bromine (PS148-Br) macromolecular initiator by ATRP technology, and finally obtained block copolymer polystyrene-b-poly{6-(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide} (PS-b-PFAA-DOPO) by the polymerization of FAA-DOPO initiated by macromolecular initiator PS148-Br by ATRP technology. The chemical structure of FAA-DOPO was characterized by 1D and 2D NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT 135, HSQC, COSY, NOE, and HMBC) spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical structure and molecular weight of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO were characterized by FTIR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal and flame-retardant properties of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TG), UL-94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). It was found that FAA-DOPO could be used as a monomer for polymerization, although FAA-DOPO had a large steric hindrance from the chemical structure of FAA-DOPO, the UL-94 grade of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO reached the V-0 grade, and the LOI increased by 59.12% compared with PS148-Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Dong
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Hongge Jia
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yu Zang
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zu
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Lan
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
- Heilongjiang
Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar
University, Qiqihar 161006, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast
Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, People’s
Republic of China
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