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Galvão LTO, Vargas JAC, Mezzomo R, Oliveira LRS, Dos Santos PM, Maciel RP, Soares EA, Farias MLC, Caldas CS, Faciola AP, Alves KS. Effects of supplementing cassava root silage to grazing dairy cows on nutrient utilization, milk production and composition in the tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:120. [PMID: 38607525 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effects of supplementing cassava root silage (CRS) to dairy cows grazing on Megathyrsus maximus cv Mombasa on nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as on milk production and composition. Ten primiparous Girolando cows with average body weight ± (SEM) of 373.45 ± (63.55) kg were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square. Animals were subjected to five treatments: (I) grazing cows without supplementation (WCS); (II) grazing cows provided with 5 kg DM of supplement without CRS (0 g/kg DM of CRS) or including (III) 260, (IV) 520, and (V) 780 g/kg DM of CRS. Statistical analyses were performed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with significance at P < 0.05. Intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ether extract decreased (P < 0.01), while intake of non-fiber carbohydrates increased (P < 0.01), with increased CRS in the diets. Total DM intake and digestibility of DM, and digestibility of nutritional components were lower (P < 0.03) in WCS animals compared to supplemented animals, except for intake and digestibility of NDF, which was the opposite. Milk yield (MY) and fat corrected milk (FCM), as well as all milk components were unaffected (P > 0.05) by CRS inclusion. In contrast, MY, FCM, protein, lactose, casein, and non-fat milk solids (NFMS) were greater for animals that received supplementation (P < 0.05), compared to animals WCS. Milk fat and total dry extract (TMS) did not differ (P > 0.11) between two groups. In conclusion, CRS may be a potential corn meal replacer in the supplement of dairy cows under tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Mezzomo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | | | - Perlon Maia Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Raylon Pereira Maciel
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Emilly Araújo Soares
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Costa Farias
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Siqueira Caldas
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil
| | | | - Kaliandra Souza Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas, Pará, 68515-000, Brazil.
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Luo M, Chu J, Wang Y, Chang J, Zhou Y, Jiang X. Positive Regulatory Roles of Manihot esculenta HAK5 under K + Deficiency or High Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:849. [PMID: 38592853 PMCID: PMC10974855 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
HAK/KUP/KT family members have been identified as playing key roles in K+ uptake and salt tolerance in numerous higher plants. However, their functions in cassava (Manihot esculenta Cantz) remain unknown. In this study, a gene encoding for a high-affinity potassium transporter (MeHAK5) was isolated from cassava and its function was investigated. Subcellular localization analysis showed that MeHAK5 is a plasma membrane-localized transporter. RT-PCR and RT-qPCR indicated that MeHAK5 is predominantly expressed in cassava roots, where it is upregulated by low potassium or high salt; in particular, its highest expression levels separately increased by 2.2 and 2.9 times after 50 µM KCl and 150 mM NaCl treatments. When heterologously expressed in yeast, MeHAK5 mediated K+ uptake within the cells of the yeast strain CY162 and rescued the salt-sensitive phenotype of AXT3K yeast. MeHAK5 overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited improved growth and increased shoot K+ content under low potassium conditions. Under salt stress, MeHAK5 transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulated more K+ in the shoots and roots and had reduced Na+ content in the shoots. As a result, MeHAK5 transgenic Arabidopsis demonstrated a more salt-tolerant phenotype. These results suggest that MeHAK5 functions as a high-affinity K+ transporter under K+ starvation conditions, improving K+/Na+ homeostasis and thereby functioning as a positive regulator of salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Therefore, MeHAK5 may be a suitable candidate gene for improving K+ utilization efficiency and salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Luo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jing Chu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.)
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.)
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Jingyan Chang
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.)
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
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Sheat S, Mushi E, Gwandu F, Sikirou M, Baleke P, Kayondo SI, Kulembeka H, Adetoro N, Winter S. Cut, Root, and Grow: Simplifying Cassava Propagation to Scale. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:471. [PMID: 38498478 PMCID: PMC10893366 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an essential crop with increasing importance for food supply and as raw material for industrial processing. The crop is vegetatively propagated through stem cuttings taken at the end of the growing cycle and its low multiplication rate and the high cost of stem transportation are detrimental to the increasing demand for high-quality cassava planting materials. Rapid multiplication of vegetative propagules of crops comprises tissue culture (TC) and semi-autotroph hydroponics (SAH) that provide cost-effective propagation of plant materials; however, they contrast the need for specific infrastructure, special media and substrates, and trained personnel. Traditional methods such as TC and SAH have shown promise in efficient plant material propagation. Nonetheless, these techniques necessitate specific infrastructure, specialized media and substrates, as well as trained personnel. Moreover, losses during the intermediate nursery and adaptation stages limit the overall effectiveness of these methods. Building upon an earlier report from Embrapa Brazil, which utilized mature buds from cassava for rapid propagation, we present a modified protocol that simplifies the process for wider adoption. Our method involves excising single nodes with attached leaves from immature (green) cassava stems at 2 months after planting (MAP). These nodes are then germinated in pure water, eliminating the need for specific growth substrates and additional treatments. After the initial phase, the rooted sprouts are transferred into soil within 1-8 weeks. The protocol demonstrates a high turnover rate at minimal costs. Due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and robustness, this method holds significant promise as an efficient means of producing cassava planting materials to meet diverse agricultural needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sheat
- Plant Virus Department, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Edda Mushi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 3444, Tanzania; (E.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Francisca Gwandu
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute, TARI Ukiriguru, Mwanza P.O. Box 1433, Tanzania; (F.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Mouritala Sikirou
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kalambo Bukavu P.O. Box 4163, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Patrick Baleke
- Association Volontaire pour le Développement (AVPD), Karenzu, Luvungi, Itara 1, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Siraj Ismail Kayondo
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 3444, Tanzania; (E.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Heneriko Kulembeka
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute, TARI Ukiriguru, Mwanza P.O. Box 1433, Tanzania; (F.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Najimu Adetoro
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kalambo Bukavu P.O. Box 4163, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Stephan Winter
- Plant Virus Department, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
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Muthusamy SK, Pushpitha P, Makeshkumar T, Sheela MN. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Hsp70 family genes in Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz). 3 Biotech 2023; 13:341. [PMID: 37705861 PMCID: PMC10495308 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 proteins function as molecular chaperones, regulating various cellular processes in plants. In this study, a genome-wide analysis led to the identification of 22 Hsp70 (MeHsp70) genes in cassava. Phylogenetic relationship studies with other Malpighiales genomes (Populus trichocarpa, Ricinus communis and Salix purpurea) classified MeHsp70 proteins into eight groups (Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, If, IIa and IIb). Promoter analysis of MeHsp70 genes revealed the presence of tissue-specific, light, biotic and abiotic stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements showing their functional importance in cassava. Meta-analysis of publically available RNA-seq transcriptome datasets showed constitutive, tissue-specific, biotic and abiotic stress-specific expression patterns among MeHsp70s in cassava. Among 22 Hsp70, six MeHsp70s viz., MecHsp70-3, MecHsp70-6, MeBiP-1, MeBiP-2, MeBiP-3 and MecpHsp70-2 displayed constitutive expression, while three MecHsp70s were induced under both drought and cold stress conditions. Five MeHsp70s, MecHsp70-7, MecHsp70-11, MecHsp70-12, MecHsp70-13, and MecHsp70-14 were induced under drought stress conditions. We predicted that 19 MeHsp70 genes are under the regulation of 24 miRNAs. This comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the Hsp70 gene family in cassava provided valuable insights into their functional roles and identified various potential Hsp70 genes associated with stress tolerance and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03760-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar K. Muthusamy
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - P. Pushpitha
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - T. Makeshkumar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M. N. Sheela
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Tuo D, Yao Y, Yan P, Chen X, Qu F, Xue W, Liu J, Kong H, Guo J, Cui H, Dai Z, Shen W. Development of cassava common mosaic virus-based vector for protein expression and gene editing in cassava. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:78. [PMID: 37537660 PMCID: PMC10399001 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant virus vectors designed for virus-mediated protein overexpression (VOX), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and genome editing (VIGE) provide rapid and cost-effective tools for functional genomics studies, biotechnology applications and genome modification in plants. We previously reported that a cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV, genus Potexvirus)-based VIGS vector was used for rapid gene function analysis in cassava. However, there are no VOX and VIGE vectors available in cassava. RESULTS In this study, we developed an efficient VOX vector (CsCMV2-NC) for cassava by modifying the CsCMV-based VIGS vector. Specifically, the length of the duplicated putative subgenomic promoter (SGP1) of the CsCMV CP gene was increased to improve heterologous protein expression in cassava plants. The modified CsCMV2-NC-based VOX vector was engineered to express genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), bacterial phytoene synthase (crtB), and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) type III effector XopAO1 for viral infection tracking, carotenoid biofortification and Xam virulence effector identification in cassava. In addition, we used CsCMV2-NC to deliver single guide RNAs (gMePDS1/2) targeting two loci of the cassava phytoene desaturase gene (MePDS) in Cas9-overexpressing transgenic cassava lines. The CsCMV-gMePDS1/2 efficiently induced deletion mutations of the targeted MePDS with the albino phenotypes in systemically infected cassava leaves. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a useful tool for rapid and efficient heterologous protein expression and guide RNA delivery in cassava. This expands the potential applications of CsCMV-based vector in gene function studies, biotechnology research, and precision breeding for cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Pu Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Feihong Qu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Weiqian Xue
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hua Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China.
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Egbune EO, Ezedom T, Orororo OC, Egbune OU, Avwioroko OJ, Aganbi E, Anigboro AA, Tonukari NJ. Solid-state fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:259. [PMID: 37493900 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a promising technology for producing value-added products from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). In this process, microorganisms are grown on cassava biomass without the presence of free-flowing liquid. Compared to other processing methods, SSF has several advantages, such as lower costs, reduced water usage, and higher product yields. By enhancing the content of bioactive compounds like antioxidants and phenolic compounds, SSF can also improve the nutritional value of cassava-based products. Various products, including enzymes, organic acids, and biofuels, have been produced using SSF of cassava. Additionally, SSF can help minimize waste generated during cassava processing by utilizing cassava waste as a substrate, which can reduce environmental pollution. The process has also been explored for the production of feed and food products such as tempeh and cassava flour. However, optimizing the process conditions, selecting suitable microbial strains, and developing cost-effective production processes are essential for the successful commercialization of SSF of cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egoamaka O Egbune
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria.
- Tonukari Biotechnology Laboratory, Sapele, Delta state, Nigeria.
| | - Theresa Ezedom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Osuvwe C Orororo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Olisemeke U Egbune
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Oghenetega J Avwioroko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Eferhire Aganbi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
- Georgia State University, J. Mack Robinson College of Business, 3348 Peachtree Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30326, USA
| | - Akpovwehwee A Anigboro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Nyerhovwo J Tonukari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
- Tonukari Biotechnology Laboratory, Sapele, Delta state, Nigeria
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Wang X, Du B, Nian F, Ru Y, Sun L, Qin S, Tang D. Effects of Processing Methods and Conditioning Temperatures on the Cassava Starch Digestibility and Growth Performance of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081373. [PMID: 37106936 PMCID: PMC10134972 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important food crop, cassava is rich in nutrients and high in starch content and is widely used in the production of industrial raw materials. However, the utilization value of cassava is limited due to the reduction of planting area and the existence of anti-nutritional factors. Therefore, we evaluated in vitro cassava starch digestibility and in vivo growth performance of broilers in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments using three processing methods (mechanical crushing (MC), steam conditioning (SC), and puffing conditioning (PU)) and three conditioning temperatures (60, 75, and 90 °C) to screen for the optimal processing method and conditioning temperature to improve the utilization of cassava. In the in vitro cassava starch digestion study, the digestibility and digestion rate (p < 0.01) were higher at conditioned 90 °C than that at 60 or 75 °C, and PU was higher than SC and MC (p < 0.01) (0.25-2 h). The amylose content and amylose/amylopectin at conditioned 60 °C or PU were lower (p < 0.01) than that of 75 or 90 °C or SC, whereas the opposite was true for amylopectin content (p < 0.01). The resistant starch content of SC or PU was lower (p < 0.01) than MC. In the in vivo study, broilers fed diets conditioned at 60 °C or SC had a lower (p < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio than those fed diets conditioned at 90 °C or PU diets. The ileum apparent digestibility of starch and AME were higher (p < 0.05) for broilers fed SC diets than for those fed MC diets. These results indicate that cassava starch promoted starch digestion rate by reducing amylose content and amylose/amylose under PU combined with a conditioning temperature of 60 °C, ileum digestibility of starch in broilers fed SC diets was higher than MC diets regardless of conditioning temperature, and SC diets increased AME and decreased F/G to promote growth performance of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baolong Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fang Nian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yingjun Ru
- Diasham Resources Pte. Ltd., Singapore 629314, Singapore
| | - Likun Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shizhen Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Defu Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Song J, Fan B, Shao X, Zang Y, Wang D, Min Y. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing atlas of cassava tuberous root. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1053669. [PMID: 36684718 PMCID: PMC9848496 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1053669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (ScRNA-seq) has emerged as an effective method for examining cell differentiation and development. In non-model plants, it hasn't been employed very much, especially in sink organs that are abundant in secondary metabolites. RESULTS In this study, we sequenced the single-cell transcriptomes at two developmental phases of cassava tuberous roots using the technology known as 10x Genomics (S1, S2). In total, 14,566 cells were grouped into 15 different cell types, primarily based on the marker genes of model plants known to exist. In the pseudotime study, the cell differentiation trajectory was defined, and the difference in gene expression between the two stages on the pseudotime axis was compared. The differentiation process of the vascular tissue and cerebral tissue was identified by the trajectory. We discovered the rare cell type known as the casparian strip via the use of up-regulated genes and pseudotime analysis, and we explained how it differentiates from endodermis. The successful creation of a protoplast isolation technique for organs rich in starch was also described in our study. DISCUSSION Together, we created the first high-resolution single-cell transcriptome atlas of cassava tuberous roots, which made significant advancements in our understanding of how these roots differentiate and develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjia Song
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Benji Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaodie Shao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuwei Zang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yi Min
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Mohidin SRNSP, Moshawih S, Hermansyah A, Asmuni MI, Shafqat N, Ming LC. Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz): A Systematic Review for the Pharmacological Activities, Traditional Uses, Nutritional Values, and Phytochemistry. J Evid Based Integr Med 2023; 28:2515690X231206227. [PMID: 37822215 PMCID: PMC10571719 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x231206227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is considered one of the essential tuber crops, serving as a dietary staple food for various populations. This systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of the nutritional and therapeutic properties of cassava, which is an important dietary staple and traditional medicine. The review aims to evaluate and summarize the phytochemical components of cassava and their association with pharmacological activities, traditional uses, and nutritional importance in global food crises. To collect all relevant information, electronic databases; Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Preprint Platforms were searched for studies on cassava from inception until October 2022. A total of 1582 studies were screened, while only 34 were included in this review. The results of the review indicate that cassava has diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic effects, and wound healing properties. However, more studies that aim to isolate the phytochemicals in cassava extracts and evaluate their pharmacological property are necessary to further validate their medical and nutritional values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mohd Ikmal Asmuni
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Naeem Shafqat
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
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Sangpueak R, Saengchan C, Laemchiab K, Kiddeejing D, Siriwong S, Thumanu K, Hoang NH, Phansak P, Buensanteai K. Flour on Gluten-Free Muffins from Different Edible Cassava Varieties in Thailand. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244053. [PMID: 36553796 PMCID: PMC9778515 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In Thailand new edible cassava varieties have been developed to be used in the food industry. The aim of this research was to analyze the difference between flour from three cassava varieties and to evaluate the suitability and quality of flour for gluten-free muffins. The physico-chemical properties of flour from three varieties were studied. The results showed the moisture content of flour was between 10.65 ± 0.01 and 10.85 ± 0.45%. Total protein content was highly significant with a difference of 1.97 ± 0.00%, 2.15 ± 0.01%, and 2.18 ± 0.01%, respectively. Moreover, ash and fat in each flour were highly significant. Amylose content was 19.93 ± 0.47%, and the viscosity was 6286.00 ± 1.52 mPa.s. The color of flour values of L* a* b* value was not statistically different in each variety of flour. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used for the biochemical change in flour. The PCA and cluster analysis results revealed that cassava flour from Pirun 6 was different from Pirun 2 and Pirun 4. After that, the test using selected cassava flour from Pirun 6 to test the physical properties and sensory attributes of gluten-free muffins compared with wheat flour found that gluten-free muffins were overall better than basic muffins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungthip Sangpueak
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chanon Saengchan
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kansinee Laemchiab
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Dusadee Kiddeejing
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Supatcharee Siriwong
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Phansak
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand
| | - Kumrai Buensanteai
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Pongsub S, Suntara C, Khota W, Boontiam W, Cherdthong A. The Chemical Composition, Fermentation End-Product of Silage, and Aerobic Stability of Cassava Pulp Fermented with Lactobacillus casei TH14 and Additives. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110617. [PMID: 36356094 PMCID: PMC9694650 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of cassava pulp fermented with Lactobacillus casei TH14, urea, and molasses on its chemical composition, the fermentation end-product of silage, and aerobic stability. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with a randomized complete block design was employed. The first factor: level of L. casei TH14 [L; 0 and 105 cfu/kg fresh matter (FM)], the second factor: level of molasses (M; 0 and 4% DM), the third factor: level of urea (U; 0 and 4% DM), and the number of days of fermentation (7, 14, and 21 days) were evaluated using a statistical block. There were interactions among CSP fermented with different additives on DM content (p < 0.05). The control group (CON) and CSP fermented with L, L×M, and L×U had lower DM contents than U, U×M, and L×U×M. The crude protein of CSP was increased by interaction of L×U and U×M additives (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Interaction effects between L and U and NDF content were detected (p < 0.05). The L×U combination resulted in a significantly lower NDF than the other groups. The interaction between L×U×M had no effect on the change in the CSP fermentation process (p > 0.05). The combination of U×M caused a poorer pH than other groups (p < 0.01). The ammonia-N content was higher than others, when CSP was fermented with L×U (p < 0.01) or U×M (p < 0.05), respectively. The lactic acid levels in fermented CSP were higher (p < 0.01) than in other groups through the L. casei. The interaction between L×U×M had an influence on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (p < 0.01) and aerobic bacteria (p < 0.01). The highest LAB population (p < 0.01) at 106 cfu/g FM was found in CSP fermented with L. casei and molasses. In conclusion, the current study shows that CSP treated with L×U×M resulted in good preservation by recovering DM, a low number of aerobic bacteria, and greater LAB than other treatments, with the exception of the L×U×M addition. A 21-day fermentation period is advised because it produces products with greater levels of crude protein, lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Pongsub
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chanon Suntara
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Waroon Khota
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Phangkhon, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand
| | - Waewaree Boontiam
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-4320-2362
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Genome-Wide Identification of Cassava Glyoxalase I Genes and the Potential Function of MeGLYⅠ-13 in Iron Toxicity Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095212. [PMID: 35563603 PMCID: PMC9104206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (GLYI) is a key enzyme in the pathway of the glyoxalase system that degrades the toxic substance methylglyoxal, which plays a crucial part in plant growth, development, and stress response. A total of 19 GLYI genes were identified from the cassava genome, which distributed randomly on 11 chromosomes. These genes were named MeGLYI-1–19 and were systematically characterized. Transcriptome data analysis showed that MeGLYIs gene expression is tissue-specific, and MeGLYI-13 is the dominant gene expressed in young tissues, while MeGLYI-19 is the dominant gene expressed in mature tissues and organs. qRT-PCR analysis showed that MeGLYI-13 is upregulated under 2 h excess iron stress, but downregulated under 6, 12, and 20 h iron stress. Overexpression of MeGLYI-13 enhanced the growth ability of transgenic yeast under iron stress. The root growth of transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings was less inhibited by iron toxicity than that of the wild type (WT). Potted transgenic Arabidopsis blossomed and podded under iron stress, but flowering of the WT was significantly delayed. The GLYI activity in transgenic Arabidopsis was improved under both non-iron stress and iron stress conditions compared to the WT. The SOD activity in transgenic plants was increased under iron stress, while the POD and CAT activity and MDA content were decreased compared to that in the WT. These results provide a basis for the selection of candidate genes for iron toxicity tolerance in cassava, and lay a theoretical foundation for further studies on the functions of these MeGLYI genes.
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