The influence of the extraction method on bioactivity of the root of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel NO-releasing 4-chromanone derivatives as potential vasodilator agents

The nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway is an effective mechanism involved in the treatment of hypertension. In our search for potential antihypertensive agents, a series of novel NO-donor derivatives of the 4-chromanone skeleton were designed and synthesized by coupling furoxans or nitrooxy NO-donor moieties. All derivatives showed enhanced nitric oxide releasing capacity and vasodilator activity with EC₅₀ values ranging from 0.0215 μM to 1.46 μM, obviously superior to those of precursor 3. These biological evaluations indicated that all compounds displayed an important vasorelaxant effect, and several compounds (9c, 14b, 14c, 14d) presented good vasodilator activity, with 14c being the best. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies revealed that compound 14c occupied the pocket well with the phosphodiesterase 5 domain in a favorable conformation. In conclusion, we observed that these novel compounds can act as structural templates for the design and subsequent development of new vasodilators and antihypertensive drugs.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Ethanolic Extract Inhibited the Growth of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Suppressing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α-Dependent Glycolysis and Angiogenesis

Background:The ethanolic extract of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg ( T hemsleyanum ethanolic extract [Te-EtOH]) showed positive effects against various tumors. However, there are few studies on the effects of Te-EtOH on nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We attempted to examine the inhibiting effect of Te-EtOH on NSCLC cells and to elucidate the relevant mechanisms. Methods: A549 and H1299 cells were pretreated with Te-EtOH at different concentrations. Cell viability was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and the 3-dimensional spheroid model; RNA-sequencing was also performed. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot tests were performed to determine the metabolic capability, the expressions of energy metabolism-related proteins, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway. Additionally, under hypoxic conditions, the ability of Te-EtOH to inhibit HIF-1α expression and the metabolic capability of NSCLC cells was tested. Results: Te-EtOH considerably repressed cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. RNA-sequencing revealed that Te-EtOH's inhibition of NSCLC cells activity was related to metabolism. In addition, Te-EtOH significantly inhibited glycolysis, and adenosine triphosphate and lactate accumulation in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, we found that Te-EtOH could block PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway activation. Moreover, Te-EtOH significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and metabolic capability. Conclusions: Our results suggested that Te-EtOH inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells by suppressing HIF-1α-dependent glycolysis and angiogenesis.

Quality evaluation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum different parts based on quantitative analysis of 42 bioactive constituents combined with multivariate statistical analysis

INTRODUCTION

The root of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (RTH) has been widely used as a folk medicine in China. Meanwhile, its stems (STH) and leaves (LTH) are consumed as functional tea and food supplementation. Therefore, it is important to get a better understanding of the distribution of bioactive constituents in different parts of T. hemsleyanum.

OBJECTIVE

To develop a method for quantitative analysis of multiple bioactive constituents and comparing their distribution in RTH, STH and LTH.

METHODS

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was used for the quantitative analysis. The quantitative data were further analysed by principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and partial least squares determinant analysis (PLS-DA).

RESULTS

Forty-two constituents in RTH, STH and LTH, including 14 flavonoids, three phenolic acids, 15 amino acids and 10 nucleosides, were quantitatively determined. The contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in LTH were significantly higher than those in RTH and STH. While the contents of amino acids and nucleosides in LTH were less than those in RTH and STH. Multivariate statistical analysis can significantly classify and distinguish RTH, STH, and LTH.

CONCLUSIONS

The present method would be helpful for the quality control of T. hemsleyanum, and the results would be useful for the efficient utilisation of T. hemsleyanum in the future.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum flavones exert anti-hepatic carcinoma property both in vitro and in vivo

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum has been regarded as an anticancer food in China. However, its corresponding mechanisms remains unclear. Thus, in this study, the antitumor activity of flavones-rich fraction of root of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (FRTH) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that FRTH could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells in vitro by PI3K/AKT pathway. FRTH could increase the ROS level and change the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in HepG2 cells. In addition, FRTH treatment (300, 600 mg/kg BW) significantly suppressed tumor growth on HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice. Besides, immunohistochemistry assays and western blotting revealed that FRTH enhanced the expression level of Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome C, Caspase-3, caspase-9, Cleaved-caspase-3, and downregulated the expression level of CD31, ki67 and VEGF in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice. Our study suggests Tetrastigma hemsleyanum as a promising candidate medicine for liver cancer treatment.

Polysaccharides from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg: optimum extraction, monosaccharide compositions, and antioxidant activity

The optimization of extraction of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg polysaccharides (THP) using ultrasonic with enzyme method and its monosaccharide compositions and antioxidant activity were investigated in this work. Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) were performed to optimize conditions for extraction, and the independent variables were (X_A) dosage of cellulase, (X_B) extraction time, (X_C) ultrasonic power, and (X_D) ratio of water to the material. The extraction rate of THP was increased effectively under the optimum conditions, and the maximum (4.692 ± 0.059%) was well-matched the predicted value from RSM. THP was consisted of mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose, while glucose was the dominant (26.749 ± 0.634%). According to the total antioxidant capacity assay with the FRAP method, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, THP showed strong antioxidant activity with a dose-dependent behavior. The results indicated that THP has the potential to be a novel antioxidant and could expand its application in food and medicine.

The Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg in China: A Review

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg (TDG), the family member of Vitaceae, is a traditional herbal medicine in China. The root of TDG can be immediately used after cleaning the muddy soil, and can be dehydrated for dry use. TDG is able to be collected all year round, which is commonly used in the treatment of hepatitis, infantile high fever, snake bite, etc. Based on phytochemistry, the chemical components of TDG are divided into flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, steroids, polysaccharide, and other compounds, showing many pharmacological effects which include anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and immunomodulatory activity, as well as other activities. Currently, TDG involves some problems of the reduction of wild resources, the backward processing methods, and storage difficulties as well as the imperfection of detection methods. Therefore, this review summarizes the literature of the past 20 years, and the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent researches on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and clinical application of TDG. The above discussions provide new insights for the future research on TDG.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves extract against acrylamide-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans

Acrylamide (ACR), as a raw material of polyacrylamide that used in water purification, was verified to possess various toxicity. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (TH) is a medicinal plant widely used to anti-inflammation and anti-tumor in Chinese folks. However, more researches focused on the biological activities in tubers and the leaves were ignored. Thus, the protective effect of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves extract (THLE) against ACR-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was explored in this study. In vitro, we observed that THLE attenuated ACR-induced toxicity in HepG2 cell via regulating Akt/mTOR/FOXO1/MAPK signaling pathway. Further research proved that 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CA) plays a major role in THLE's amelioration effect of ACR toxicity. In vivo, it was found that THLE possesses the same protective effect in ACR-treated wild-type N2 C. elegans and daf-2 (-) (deficit in DAF-2) mutants. However, the anti-ACR toxicity effect of THLE in daf-16 (-) mutants (deficit in DAF-16 that homologous to FOXO family in human) was weakened. Our results indicated that THLE exhibited protective effects against ACR-induced toxicity both in HepG2 cells and C. elegans, while DAF-16/FOXO gene is involved in THLE' protective effect via regulating the expression levels of downstream antioxidant genes.