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Gohari AS, Nateghi L, Rashidi L, Berenji S. Preparation and characterization of sodium caseinate-apricot tree gum/gum Arabic nanocomplex for encapsulation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129773. [PMID: 38296128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Nanocomplexes (NCs) were formed through electrostatic complexation theory using Na-caseinate (NaCa), gum Arabic (GA), and Prunus armeniaca L. gum exudates (PAGE), aimed to encapsulate Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Encapsulation was optimized using NaCa (0.1 %-0.5 %), GA/PAGE (0.1 %-0.9 %) and CLA (1 %-5 %), and central composite design (CCD) was employed for numerical optimization. The optimum conditions for NC containing GA (NCGA) were 0.336 %, 0.437 %, and 3.10 % and for NC containing PAGE (NCPAGE) were 0.403 %, 0.730 %, and 4.177 %, of NaCa, GA/PAGE, and CLA, respectively. EE and particle size were 92.46 % and 52.89 nm for NCGA while 88.23 % and 54.76 nm for NCPAGE, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that CLA was physically entrapped. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the electrostatic complex formation. The elastic modulus was predominant for NCGA and NCPAGE dispersions while the complex viscosity of NCPAGE suspension was slightly higher than that of NCGA. The CLA in NCGA-CLA and NCPAGE-CLA exhibited higher oxidative stability than free CLA during 30 days of storage without a significant difference between the results of CLA oxidative stability tests obtained for NCs. Consequently, NCPAGE and NCGA could be applied for the entrapment and protection of nutraceuticals in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Saeed Gohari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Leila Nateghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.
| | - Ladan Rashidi
- Research Center of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Standard Research Institute (SRI), P.O. Box 31745-139, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Shila Berenji
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
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Noureen S, Noreen S, Ghumman SA, Abdelrahman EA, Batool F, Aslam A, Mehdi M, Shirinfar B, Ahmed N. A novel pH-responsive hydrogel system based on Prunus armeniaca gum and acrylic acid: Preparation and evaluation as a potential candidate for controlled drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106555. [PMID: 37543064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive hydrogels have become effective and attractive materials for the controlled release of drugs at pre-determined destinations. In the present study, a novel hydrogel system based on Prunus armeniaca gum (PAG) and acrylic acid (AA) was prepared by a free radical mechanism using N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linker and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. A series of hydrogels varying PAG, AA, and MBA concentration was developed to determine the impact of these components. Formulated hydrogels were characterized for pH-responsive swelling, drug release, gel content, and porosity. Structural analysis was performed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. TGA study was applied to assess thermal stability. Oral acute toxicity and in vivo drug release were performed in rabbits. Hydrogels exhibited pH-dependent swelling and drug release. Swelling, drug loading and release, and porosity increased by increasing PAG and AA concentration while decreased by increasing MBA. The gel content of formulations was increased by increasing all three components. FTIR studies confirmed the development of copolymeric networks and the loading of drug. XRD studies revealed that hydrogels were amorphous, and the crystalline drug was changed into an amorphous form during loading. TGA results indicated that hydrogels were stable up to 600 °C. Acute oral toxicity results confirm that hydrogels were nontoxic up to a dose of 2 g/kg body weight in rabbits. The pharmacokinetic evaluation revealed that hydrogels prolonged the availability of the drug and the peak plasma concentration of the drug was obtained in 6 h as compared to the oral solution of the drug. Tramadol hydrochloride (THC) was used as a model drug. Hence, pH-responsive swelling and release, nontoxic nature and improved pharmacokinetics support that PAG-based hydrogels may be considered as potential controlled-release polymeric carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Noureen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
| | | | - Ehab A Abdelrahman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Fozia Batool
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Afeefa Aslam
- Department Of Pharmacy, Comsats University, Abbottabad 22020, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mehdi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
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Chen T, Cao H, Wang M, Qi M, Sun Y, Song Y, Yang Q, Meng D, Lian N. Integrated transcriptome and physiological analysis revealed core transcription factors that promote flavonoid biosynthesis in apricot in response to pathogenic fungal infection. PLANTA 2023; 258:64. [PMID: 37555984 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Integrated transcriptome and physiological analysis of apricot leaves after Fusarium solani treatment. In addition, we identified core transcription factors and flavonoid-related synthase genes which may function in apricot disease resistance. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is an important economic fruit species, whose yield and quality of fruit are limited owing to its susceptibility to diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of P. armeniaca to diseases is still unknown. In this study, we used physiology and transcriptome analysis to characterize responses of P. armeniaca subjected to Fusarium solani. The results showed increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content, enhanced peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity during F. solani infestation. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which included 4281 upregulated DEGs and 3305 downregulated DEGs, were detected in P. armeniaca leaves exposed to F. solani infestation. Changes in expression of transcription factors (TFs), including bHLH, AP2/ERF, and WRKY indicated their role in triggering pathogen-responsive genes in P. armeniaca. During the P. armeniaca response to F. solani infestation, the content of total flavonoid was changed, and we identified enzyme genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. Ectopic overexpression of PabHLH15 and PabHLH102 in Nicotiana benthamiana conferred elevated resistance to Fspa_1. Moreover, PabHLH15 and PabHLH102 positively interact with the promoter of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes. A regulatory network of TFs regulating enzyme genes related to flavonoid synthesis affecting apricot disease resistance was constructed. These results reveal the potential underlying mechanisms of the F. solani response of P. armeniaca, which would help improve the disease resistance of P. armeniaca and may cultivate high-quality disease-resistant varieties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Qi
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | | | - Yangbo Song
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dong Meng
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Ecological Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shuangyashan, 518000, China
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na Lian
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Al-Bachir M, Othman Y. Efficiency of post-preparation treatment by gamma radiation to guarantee quality properties of plum molasses. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1433-1438. [PMID: 36881510 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2182002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess specific gamma irradiation doses to be applied as a post-preparation process to assure the chemical, physical and sensory properties of plum molasses (PM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of PM were treated with 0, 3, 6 and 9 kGy in a 60Co gamma irradiation plant. Proximate composition, chemical, the physical and sensory determination was accomplished immediately after treatment. RESULTS Our results showed that, the moisture content of PM were significantly (p < .05) rise by treating with 3 kGy. Whereas, ash and reducing sugar quantity of PM was significantly (p < .05) decreased by treatment at the same dose (3 kGy). Irradiation treatment induced small and not significant alterations (p > .05) in crude protein, crud fat, and total sugar of PM. The chemical and physical parameters including; total acidity (TA), pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), total soluble solids (TSS) (%, Brix), viscosity and color, which were elected as the indicators of quality, were all well within the recommended values for PM treated with 0, 3, 6 and 9 kGy. Sensory determination indicated no significant (p > .05) alterations between irradiated samples and non-irradiated samples of PM. CONCLUSION Irradiation treatment at 3 kGy was considered as acceptable to be used for the preservation purpose of PM without modifying their quality properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfouz Al-Bachir
- Department of Radiation Technology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria
| | - Yasser Othman
- Department of Radiation Technology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria
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Noureen S, Noreen S, Ghumman SA, Batool F, Hameed H, Hasan S, Noreen F, Elsherif MA, Bukhari SNA. Prunus armeniaca Gum-Alginate Polymeric Microspheres to Enhance the Bioavailability of Tramadol Hydrochloride: Formulation and Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050916. [PMID: 35631501 PMCID: PMC9144292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinations of polymers can improve the functional properties of microspheres to achieve desired therapeutic goals. Hence, the present study aimed to formulate Prunus armeniaca gum (PAG) and sodium alginate microsphere for sustained drug release. Blended and coated microspheres were prepared using the ionotropic gelation technique. The effect of polymer concentration variation was studied on the structural and functional properties of formulated microspheres. FTIR, XRD, and thermal analysis were performed to characterize the microspheres. All the formulations were well-formed spherical beads having an average diameter from 579.23 ± 07.09 to 657.67 ± 08.74 μm. Microspheres entrapped drugs within the range 65.86 ± 0.26–83.74 ± 0.79%. The pH-dependent swelling index of coated formulations was higher than blended. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of characteristic peaks of entrapped Tramadol hydrochloride showing no drug-polymer interaction. In vitro drug release profile showed sustained release following the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model with an R2 value of 0.9803–0.9966. An acute toxicology study employing the oral route in Swiss albino mice showed no signs of toxicity. It can be inferred from these results that blending PAG with sodium alginate can enhance the stability of alginate microspheres and improve its drug release profile by prolonging the release time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Noureen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (S.N.); (F.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (S.N.); (F.B.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (S.N.A.B.); Tel.: +92-3018434400 (S.N.); +966-565-738-896 (S.N.A.B.)
| | | | - Fozia Batool
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (S.N.); (F.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Huma Hameed
- IRSET, EHSEP, INSERM, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Sara Hasan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (S.N.); (F.B.); (S.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51010, Pakistan;
| | - Mervat A. Elsherif
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (S.N.A.B.); Tel.: +92-3018434400 (S.N.); +966-565-738-896 (S.N.A.B.)
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Wood Waste from Fruit Trees: Biomolecules and Their Applications in Agri-Food Industry. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020238. [PMID: 35204739 PMCID: PMC8961605 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the European Union (EU), a total of 11,301,345 hectares are dedicated to the cultivation of fruit trees, mainly olive orchards, grapevines, nut trees (almond, walnut, chestnut, hazelnut, and pistachio), apple and pear trees, stone fruit trees (peach, nectarine, apricot, cherry, and plum), and citrus fruit trees (orange, clementine, satsuma, mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, and pomelo). Pruning these trees, together with plantation removal to a lesser extent, produces a huge amount of wood waste. A theoretical calculation of the wood waste in the European Union estimates approximately 2 and 25 million tons from wood plantation removal and pruning, respectively, per year. This wood waste is usually destroyed by in-field burning or crushing into the soil, which result in no direct economic benefits. However, wood from tree pruning, which is enriched in high added-value molecules, offers a wide spectrum of possibilities for its valorization. This review focuses on the contribution of wood waste to both sustainability and the circular economy, considering its use not only as biomass but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The main bioactive compounds found in wood are polyphenols, terpenes, polysaccharides, organic compounds, fatty acids, and alkaloids. Polyphenols are the most ubiquitous compounds in wood. Large amounts of hydroxytyrosol (up to 25 g/kg dw), resveratrol (up to 66 g/kg dw), protocatechuic acid (up to 16.4 g/kg), and proanthocyanins (8.5 g/kg dw) have been found in the wood from olive trees, grapevines, almond trees and plum trees, respectively. The bioactivity of these compounds has been demonstrated at lower concentrations, mainly in vitro studies. Bioactive compounds present antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, biostimulant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anticarcinogenic properties, among others. Therefore, wood extracts might have several applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries. For example, olive tree wood extract reduced thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in vitro; grapevine tree wood extract acts a preservative in wine, replacing SO2; chestnut tree wood extract has antifungal properties on postharvest pathogens in vitro; and stone tree wood extracts are used for aging both wines and brandies. Moreover, the use of wood waste contributes to the move towards both a more sustainable development and a circular economy.
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Cheng C, Yu X. Research Progress in Chinese Herbal Medicines for Treatment of Sepsis: Pharmacological Action, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacokinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11078. [PMID: 34681737 PMCID: PMC8540716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection; the pathophysiology of sepsis is complex. The incidence of sepsis is steadily increasing, with worldwide mortality ranging between 30% and 50%. Current treatment approaches mainly rely on the timely and appropriate administration of antimicrobials and supportive therapies, but the search for pharmacotherapies modulating the host response has been unsuccessful. Chinese herbal medicines, i.e., Chinese patent medicines, Chinese herbal prescriptions, and single Chinese herbs, play an important role in the treatment of sepsis through multicomponent, multipathway, and multitargeting abilities and have been officially recommended for the management of COVID-19. Chinese herbal medicines have therapeutic actions promising for the treatment of sepsis; basic scientific research on these medicines is increasing. However, the material bases of most Chinese herbal medicines and their underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated. This review summarizes the current studies of Chinese herbal medicines used for the treatment of sepsis in terms of clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacological activity, phytochemistry, bioactive constituents, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetics, to provide an important foundation for clarifying the pathogenesis of sepsis and developing novel antisepsis drugs based on Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China;
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Amiri MS, Mohammadzadeh V, Yazdi MET, Barani M, Rahdar A, Kyzas GZ. Plant-Based Gums and Mucilages Applications in Pharmacology and Nanomedicine: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:1770. [PMID: 33809917 PMCID: PMC8004199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gums are carbohydrate biomolecules that have the potential to bind water and form gels. Gums are regularly linked with proteins and minerals in their construction. Gums have several forms, such as mucilage gums, seed gums, exudate gums, etc. Plant gums are one of the most important gums because of their bioavailability. Plant-derived gums have been used by humans since ancient times for numerous applications. The main features that make them appropriate for use in different applications are high stabilization, viscosity, adhesive property, emulsification action, and surface-active activity. In many pharmaceutical formulations, plant-based gums and mucilages are the key ingredients due to their bioavailability, widespread accessibility, non-toxicity, and reasonable prices. These compete with many polymeric materials for use as different pharmaceuticals in today's time and have created a significant achievement from being an excipient to innovative drug carriers. In particular, scientists and pharmacy industries around the world have been drawn to uncover the secret potential of plant-based gums and mucilages through a deeper understanding of their physicochemical characteristics and the development of safety profile information. This innovative unique class of drug products, useful in advanced drug delivery applications, gene therapy, and biosynthesis, has been developed by modification of plant-based gums and mucilages. In this review, both fundamental and novel medicinal aspects of plant-based gums and mucilages, along with their capacity for pharmacology and nanomedicine, were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8954, Iran;
| | | | - Mahmood Barani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
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