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Silva KCS, Tambwe N, Mahfouz DH, Wium M, Cacciatore S, Paccez JD, Zerbini LF. Transcription Factors in Prostate Cancer: Insights for Disease Development and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:450. [PMID: 38674385 PMCID: PMC11050257 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins essential for the regulation of gene expression, and they regulate the genes involved in different cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Although their expression is essential in normal physiological conditions, abnormal regulation of TFs plays critical role in several diseases, including cancer. In prostate cancer, the most common malignancy in men, TFs are known to play crucial roles in the initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy of the disease. Understanding the interplay between these TFs and their downstream targets provides insights into the molecular basis of prostate cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the involvement of key TFs, including the E26 Transformation-Specific (ETS) Family (ERG and SPDEF), NF-κB, Activating Protein-1 (AP-1), MYC, and androgen receptor (AR), in prostate cancer while focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved in prostate cancer development. We also discuss emerging diagnostic strategies, early detection, and risk stratification using TFs. Furthermore, we explore the development of therapeutic interventions targeting TF pathways, including the use of small molecule inhibitors, gene therapies, and immunotherapies, aimed at disrupting oncogenic TF signaling and improving patient outcomes. Understanding the complex regulation of TFs in prostate cancer provides valuable insights into disease biology, which ultimately may lead to advancing precision approaches for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C. S. Silva
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Nadine Tambwe
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Dalia H. Mahfouz
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Martha Wium
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Stefano Cacciatore
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Juliano D. Paccez
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Luiz F. Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (K.C.S.S.); (N.T.); (D.H.M.); (M.W.); (S.C.); (J.D.P.)
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Al Bashir S, Alorjani MS, Kheirallah K, Al Hamad M, Haddad HK, Al-Dwairy A, Bani-Fawwaz BA, Aldaoud N, Halalsheh O, Amawi S, Matalka II. PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 Status and Relationship in a Prostate Cancer Cohort from Jordanian Arab Population. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:174. [PMID: 38256434 PMCID: PMC10821453 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer (PCa) include PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3. Their relationships and patterns of expression in PCa in developing countries, including Jordan, have not yet been investigated. Materials and Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) of PCa patients was taken from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks for 130 patients. PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 expression profiles were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with each other and other clinicopathological factors. Results: PTEN loss of any degree was observed in 42.9% of PCa cases. ERG and TFF3 were expressed in 59.3% and 46.5% of PCa cases, respectively. SPINK1 expression was observed in 6 out of 104 PCa cases (5.4%). Among all PCa cases (n = 104), 3.8% (n = 4) showed SPINK1+/ERG+ phenotype, 1.9% (n = 2) showed SPINK1+/ERG- phenotype, 56.7% (n = 59) showed SPINK1-/ERG+ phenotype, and 37.5% showed SPINK1-/ERG- phenotype (n = 39). Among ERG positive cases (n = 63), 6.3% were SPINK1 positive. Among SPINK1 positive cases (n = 6), 66.7% were ERG positive. SPINK1 expression was predominantly observed in a subgroup of cancers that expressed TFF3 (6/6). Additionally, a statistically significant loss of PTEN expression was observed from Gleason Score 6 (GS6) (Grade Group 1 (GG1)) to GS9-10 (GG5); (p-value 0.019). Conclusions: This is the first study to look at the status of the PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 genes in a Jordanian Arab population. Loss of PTEN has been linked to more aggressive prostate cancer with high GSs/GGs. SPINK1 expression was predominantly observed in a subgroup of cancers that expressed TFF3. Our results call for screening these biomarkers for grading and molecular subtyping of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al Bashir
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.S.A.); (N.A.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Mohammed S. Alorjani
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.S.A.); (N.A.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Khalid Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Mohammad Al Hamad
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Husam K. Haddad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Health, Amman 11118, Jordan;
| | - Ahmad Al-Dwairy
- Medstar-Georgetown Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Baha A. Bani-Fawwaz
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Adventhealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA;
| | - Najla Aldaoud
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.S.A.); (N.A.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Omar Halalsheh
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Saddam Amawi
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Health Centre, Al Mubarraz 36423, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ismail I. Matalka
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.S.A.); (N.A.); (I.I.M.)
- College of Medicine, Ras Al-Khaimah (RAK) Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates
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Keyvani V, Mollazadeh S, Kheradmand N, Mahmoudian RA, Avan A, Anvari K. Current use of Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways in Targeted Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2684-2691. [PMID: 37929740 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128265464231021172202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is identified as a heterogeneous disease. About 20 to 30% of PC patients experience cancer recurrence, characterized by an increase in the antigen termed serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Clinical recurrence of PC commonly occurs after five years. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has an intricate genomic background. Therapies that target genomic changes in DNA repair signaling pathways have been progressively approved in the clinic. Innovative therapies like targeting signaling pathways, bone niche, immune checkpoint, and epigenetic marks have been gaining promising results for better management of PC cases with bone metastasis. This review article summarizes the recent consideration of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in local and metastatic prostate cancer, highlighting the clinical insinuations of the novel understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Nahid Kheradmand
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Kazem Anvari
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tang L, Li W, Xu H, Zheng X, Qiu S, He W, Wei Q, Ai J, Yang L, Liu J. Mutator-Derived lncRNA Landscape: A Novel Insight Into the Genomic Instability of Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:876531. [PMID: 35860569 PMCID: PMC9291324 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.876531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has emerged to reveal the correlation between genomic instability and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The genomic instability-derived lncRNA landscape of prostate cancer (PCa) and its critical clinical implications remain to be understood. Methods Patients diagnosed with PCa were recruited from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program. Genomic instability-associated lncRNAs were identified by a mutator hypothesis-originated calculative approach. A signature (GILncSig) was derived from genomic instability-associated lncRNAs to classify PCa patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The biochemical recurrence (BCR) model of a genomic instability-derived lncRNA signature (GILncSig) was established by Cox regression and stratified analysis in the train set. Then its prognostic value and association with clinical features were verified by Kaplan–Meier (K-M) analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in the test set and the total patient set. The regulatory network of transcription factors (TFs) and lncRNAs was established to evaluate TF–lncRNA interactions. Results A total of 95 genomic instability-associated lncRNAs of PCa were identified. We constructed the GILncSig based on 10 lncRNAs with independent prognostic value. GILncSig separated patients into the high-risk (n = 121) group and the low-risk (n = 121) group in the train set. Patients with high GILncSig score suffered from more frequent BCR than those with low GILncSig score. The results were further validated in the test set, the whole TCGA cohort, and different subgroups stratified by age and Gleason score (GS). A high GILncSig risk score was significantly associated with a high mutation burden and a low critical gene expression (PTEN and CDK12) in PCa. The predictive performance of our BCR model based on GILncSig outperformed other existing BCR models of PCa based on lncRNAs. The GILncSig also showed a remarkable ability to predict BCR in the subgroup of patients with TP53 mutation or wild type. Transcription factors, such as FOXA1, JUND, and SRF, were found to participate in the regulation of lncRNAs with prognostic value. Conclusion In summary, we developed a prognostic signature of BCR based on genomic instability-associated lncRNAs for PCa, which may provide new insights into the epigenetic mechanism of BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansha Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Medical School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjiang Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of System Genetics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of System Genetics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbo He
- West China Medical School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Yang, ; Jiyan Liu,
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Yang, ; Jiyan Liu,
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Lorenzin F, Demichelis F. Past, Current, and Future Strategies to Target ERG Fusion-Positive Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051118. [PMID: 35267426 PMCID: PMC8909394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In addition to its role in development and in the vascular and hematopoietic systems, ERG plays a central role in prostate cancer. Approximately 40–50% of prostate cancer cases are characterized by ERG gene fusions, which lead to ERG overexpression. Importantly, inhibition of ERG activity in prostate cancer cells decreases their viability. Therefore, inhibiting ERG might represent an important step to improve treatment efficacy for patients with ERG-positive prostate tumors. Here, we summarize the attempts made over the past years to repress ERG activity, the current use of ERG fusion detection and the strategies that might be utilized in the future to treat ERG fusion-positive tumors. Abstract The ETS family member ERG is a transcription factor with physiological roles during development and in the vascular and hematopoietic systems. ERG oncogenic activity characterizes several malignancies, including Ewing’s sarcoma, leukemia and prostate cancer (PCa). In PCa, ERG rearrangements with androgen-regulated genes—mostly TMPRSS2—characterize a large subset of patients across disease progression and result in androgen receptor (AR)-mediated overexpression of ERG in the prostate cells. Importantly, PCa cells overexpressing ERG are dependent on ERG activity for survival, further highlighting its therapeutic potential. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of ERG and its partners in PCa. We discuss the strategies developed in recent years to inhibit ERG activity, the current therapeutic utility of ERG fusion detection in PCa patients, and the possible future approaches to target ERG fusion-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lorenzin
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.D.)
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Coffey K. Targeting the Hippo Pathway in Prostate Cancer: What's New? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040611. [PMID: 33557087 PMCID: PMC7913870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the UK, accounting for the deaths of over 11,000 men per year. A major problem in this disease are tumours which no longer respond to available treatments. Understanding how this occurs will reveal new ways to treat these patients. In this review, the latest findings regarding a particular group of cellular factors which make up a signalling network called the Hippo pathway will be described. Accumulating evidence suggests that this network contributes to prostate cancer progression and resistance to current treatments. Identifying how this pathway can be targeted with drugs is a promising area of research to improve the treatment of prostate cancer. Abstract Identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of prostate cancer (PC) remains a key area of research. With the emergence of resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeting therapies, other signalling pathways which crosstalk with AR signalling are important. Over recent years, evidence has accumulated for targeting the Hippo signalling pathway. Discovered in Drosophila melanogasta, the Hippo pathway plays a role in the regulation of organ size, proliferation, migration and invasion. In response to a variety of stimuli, including cell–cell contact, nutrients and stress, a kinase cascade is activated, which includes STK4/3 and LATS1/2 to inhibit the effector proteins YAP and its paralogue TAZ. Transcription by their partner transcription factors is inhibited by modulation of YAP/TAZ cellular localisation and protein turnover. Trnascriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) transcription factors are their classical transcriptional partner but other transcription factors, including the AR, have been shown to be modulated by YAP/TAZ. In PC, this pathway can be dysregulated by a number of mechanisms, making it attractive for therapeutic intervention. This review looks at each component of the pathway with a focus on findings from the last year and discusses what knowledge can be applied to the field of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Coffey
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Möller K, Kluth M, Ahmed M, Burkhardt L, Möller-Koop C, Büscheck F, Weidemann S, Tsourlakis MC, Minner S, Heinzer H, Huland H, Graefen M, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Dum D, Simon R. Chromosome 5 harbors two independent deletion hotspots at 5q13 and 5q21 that characterize biologically different subsets of aggressive prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:748-758. [PMID: 33045100 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of chromosome 5q is common in prostate cancer and is linked to aggressive disease. Most previous studies focused on 5q21 where CHD1 is located, but deletion of mapping studies has identified a second deletion hotspot at 5q13. To clarify the prevalence and clinical relevance of 5q13 deletions and to determine the relative importance of 5q13 and 5q21 abnormalities, a tissue microarray containing samples from 12 427 prostate cancers was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Deletion of 5q13 and 5q21 was found in 13.5% and 10%, respectively, of 7932 successfully analyzed cancers. Deletion was restricted to 5q13 in 49.4% and to 5q21 in 32.0% of cancers with a 5q deletion. Only 18.6% of 5q-deleted cancers had deletions of both loci. Both 5q13 and 5q21 deletions were significantly linked to advanced tumor stage, high Gleason grade, nodal metastasis and early biochemical recurrence (P < .005 each). Cancers with co-deletion of 5q13 and 5q21 had a worse prognosis than cancers with isolated 5q13 or 5q21 deletion (P = .0080). Comparison with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status revealed that 5q21 deletions were tightly linked to ERG negativity (P < .0001) while 5q13 deletions were unrelated to the ERG status. In summary, 5q13 deletion and 5q21 deletion are common, but independent genomic alterations with different functional effects lead to aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Malik Ahmed
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Lia Burkhardt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Watson AP, Shabaneh A, Wang J, Dehm SM, Rao A, Ryan CJ. Triple Aberrant Prostate Cancer (TAPC) - Aggregate role of aberrations in TP53, PTEN and RB1 on ETS gene fusions and prognosis in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2020; 8:106-115. [PMID: 32929406 PMCID: PMC7486539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrations in TP53, PTEN and RB1 are key drivers of therapy resistance in prostate cancer. Up to 50% of prostate cancers harbor ETS gene rearrangements, a potentially compounding aggressive biological event. Little is known about the impact of aggregate aberrations and gene fusion events in prostate cancer. METHODS Using cBioportal for Cancer Genomics, an open-access resource for exploration of multidimensional cancer genomics data, we integrate whole-exome sequencing, gene expression, and histopathology with longitudinal clinical outcomes. Subsets of prostate tumors with aberrations in all three genes TP53, PTEN and RB1 were identified and correlated with prevalence of gene fusions. Prostate tumors with aberrations in TP53, PTEN, and RB1 were termed "triple aberrant prostate cancer" (TAPC). RESULTS Of 479 metastatic prostate tumors, 195 (40.7%) were TAPC, versus 21 of 594 (3.5%) of primary prostate tumors. Patients with metastatic TAPC showed a trend toward poorer overall survival than patients harboring 0, 1 or 2 of these aberrations. Twenty-five distinct fusions were identified, all involving ETS transcription factors. Both primary and metastatic prostate cancers with ETS fusions were significantly more likely to be TAPC than those without ETS fusions. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a unique molecular signature consisting of combined aberrations in TP53, PTEN and RB1 that is associated with poorer overall survival, as well as increasing prevalence of ETS gene fusions and differential gene expression patterns favoring aggressive disease and tumor progression. Identification of this subset of patients could inform prognostic decisions and provide a rationale for more aggressive or unique therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Watson
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, USA
- Masonic Cancer CenterMinneapolis MN, USA
| | - Ashraf Shabaneh
- Masonic Cancer CenterMinneapolis MN, USA
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Masonic Cancer CenterMinneapolis MN, USA
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, USA
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer CenterMinneapolis MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, USA
- Department of Urology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, USA
| | - Arpit Rao
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, USA
- Masonic Cancer CenterMinneapolis MN, USA
| | - Charles J Ryan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, USA
- Masonic Cancer CenterMinneapolis MN, USA
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Ramić J, Kulovac B, Lojo-Kadrić N, Hadžić M, Eminagić Đ, Pojskić N, Bajrović K, Pojskić L. Cut-off value for KLK3 gene expression from urine sediment to rationalize diagnosis of prostate cancer. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1707118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Ramić
- Laboratory for Human Genetics, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BiH
| | - Benjamin Kulovac
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BiH
| | - Naida Lojo-Kadrić
- Laboratory for Human Genetics, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BiH
| | - Maida Hadžić
- Laboratory for Human Genetics, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BiH
| | - Đenana Eminagić
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BiH
| | - Naris Pojskić
- Laboratory for Human Genetics, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BiH
| | - Kasim Bajrović
- Laboratory for Human Genetics, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BiH
| | - Lejla Pojskić
- Laboratory for Human Genetics, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BiH
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Molecular Composition of Genomic TMPRSS2-ERG Rearrangements in Prostate Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:5085373. [PMID: 31915468 PMCID: PMC6930771 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5085373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a serum marker for therapy assessment in prostate cancer patients. Prostate cancer is characterized by relatively low numbers of mutations, and, in contrast to many other common epithelial cancers, commercially available single nucleotide mutation assays for quantification of ctDNA are insufficient for therapy assessment in this disease. However, prostate cancer shares some similarity with translocation-affected mesenchymal tumors (e.g., leukemia and Ewing sarcoma), which are common in pediatric oncology, where chromosomal translocations are used as biomarkers for quantification of the tumor burden. Approximately 50% of prostate cancers carry a chromosomal translocation resulting in generation of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene, which is unique to the tumor cells of each individual patient because of variability in the fusion breakpoint sites. In the present study, we examined the structural preconditions for TMPRSS2-ERG fusion sites in comparison with mesenchymal tumors in pediatric patients to determine whether the sequence composition is suitable for the establishment of tumor-specific quantification assays in prostate cancer patients. Genomic repeat elements represent potential obstacles to establishment of quantification assays, and we found similar proportions of repeat elements at fusion sites in prostate cancer to those reported for mesenchymal tumors, where genomic fusion sequences are established as biomarkers. Our data support the development of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene as a noninvasive tumor marker for therapy assessment, risk stratification, and relapse detection to improve personalized therapy strategies for patients with prostate cancer.
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11
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Yan W, Jamal M, Tan SH, Song Y, Young D, Chen Y, Katta S, Ying K, Ravindranath L, Woodle T, Kohaar I, Cullen J, Kagan J, Srivastava S, Dobi A, McLeod DG, Rosner IL, Sesterhenn IA, Srinivasan A, Srivastava S, Petrovics G. Molecular profiling of radical prostatectomy tissue from patients with no sign of progression identifies ERG as the strongest independent predictor of recurrence. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6466-6483. [PMID: 31741711 PMCID: PMC6849651 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a major cause of morbidity and mortality among men, prostate cancer is a heterogenous disease, with a vast heterogeneity in the biology of the disease and in clinical outcome. While it often runs an indolent course, local progression or metastasis may eventually develop, even among patients considered "low risk" at diagnosis. Therefore, biomarkers that can discriminate aggressive from indolent disease at an early stage would greatly benefit patients. We hypothesized that tissue specimens from early stage prostate cancers may harbor predictive signatures for disease progression. METHODS We used a cohort of radical prostatectomy patients with longitudinal follow-up, who had tumors with low grade and stage that revealed no signs of future disease progression at surgery. During the follow-up period, some patients either remained indolent (non-BCR) or progressed to biochemical recurrence (BCR). Total RNA was extracted from tumor, and adjacent normal epithelium of formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. Differential gene expression in tumors, and in tumor versus normal tissues between BCR and non-BCR patients were analyzed by NanoString using a customized CodeSet of 151 probes. RESULTS After controlling for false discovery rates, we identified a panel of eight genes (ERG, GGT1, HDAC1, KLK2, MYO6, PLA2G7, BICD1 and CACNAID) that distinguished BCR from non-BCR patients. We found a clear association of ERG expression with non-BCR, which was further corroborated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified ERG as the strongest predictor for BCR and showed that potential prognostic prostate cancer biomarkers can be identified from FFPE tumor specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Yan
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shyh-Han Tan
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yingjie Song
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Denise Young
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shilpa Katta
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kai Ying
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lakshmi Ravindranath
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tarah Woodle
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Indu Kohaar
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob Kagan
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David G. McLeod
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inger L. Rosner
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Alagarsamy Srinivasan
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
The genomics of prostate cancer (PCA) has been difficult to study compared with some other cancer types for a multitude of reasons, despite significant efforts since the early 1980s. Overcoming some of these obstacles has paved the way for greater insight into the genomics of PCA. The advent of high-throughput technologies coming from the initial use of microsatellite and oligonucleotide probes gave rise to techniques like comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). With the introduction of massively parallel genomic sequencing, referred to as next-generation sequencing (NGS), a deeper understanding of cancer genomics in general has occurred. Along with these technologic advances, there has been the development of computational biology and statistical approaches to address novel large data sets characterized by single base resolution. This review will provide a historic perspective of PCA genomics with an emphasis on the cardinal mutations and alterations observed to be consistently seen in PCA for both hormone-naïve localized PCA and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). There will be a focus on alterations that have the greatest potential to play a role in disease progression and therapy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Rubin
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 10065
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 10065
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
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13
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Brown NE, Paluch AM, Nashu MA, Komurov K, Waltz SE. Tumor Cell Autonomous RON Receptor Expression Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth Under Conditions of Androgen Deprivation. Neoplasia 2018; 20:917-929. [PMID: 30121008 PMCID: PMC6098205 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment strategies provide minimal results for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Attempts to target the androgen receptor have shown promise, but resistance ultimately develops, often due to androgen receptor reactivation. Understanding mechanisms of resistance, including androgen receptor reactivation, is crucial for development of more efficacious CRPC therapies. Here, we report that the RON receptor tyrosine kinase is highly expressed in the majority of human hormone-refractory prostate cancers. Further, we show that exogenous expression of RON in human and murine prostate cancer cells circumvents sensitivity to androgen deprivation and promotes prostate cancer cell growth in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Conversely, RON loss induces sensitivity of CRPC cells to androgen deprivation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that RON overexpression leads to activation of multiple oncogenic transcription factors (namely, β-catenin and NF-κB), which are sufficient to drive androgen receptor nuclear localization and activation of AR responsive genes under conditions of androgen deprivation and support castration-resistant growth. In total, this study demonstrates the functional significance of RON during prostate cancer progression and provides a strong rationale for targeting RON signaling in prostate cancer as a means to limit resistance to androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Andrew M Paluch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Madison A Nashu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Susan E Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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14
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Kamoun A, Cancel-Tassin G, Fromont G, Elarouci N, Armenoult L, Ayadi M, Irani J, Leroy X, Villers A, Fournier G, Doucet L, Boyault S, Brureau L, Multigner L, Diedhiou A, Roupret M, Compérat E, Blanchet P, de Reyniès A, Cussenot O. Comprehensive molecular classification of localized prostate adenocarcinoma reveals a tumour subtype predictive of non-aggressive disease. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:1814-1821. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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15
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Rescigno P, Lorente D, Dolling D, Ferraldeschi R, Rodrigues DN, Riisnaes R, Miranda S, Bianchini D, Zafeiriou Z, Sideris S, Ferreira A, Figueiredo I, Sumanasuriya S, Mateo J, Perez-Lopez R, Sharp A, Tunariu N, de Bono JS. Docetaxel Treatment in PTEN- and ERG-aberrant Metastatic Prostate Cancers. Eur Urol Oncol 2018; 1:71-77. [PMID: 29911685 PMCID: PMC5995869 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of PTEN is a common genomic aberration in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and is frequently concurrent with ERG rearrangements, causing resistance to next-generation hormonal treatment (NGHT) including abiraterone. The relationship between PTEN loss and docetaxel sensitivity remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To study the antitumor activity of docetaxel in metastatic CRPC in relation to PTEN and ERG aberrations. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Single-centre, retrospective analysis of PTEN loss and ERG expression using a previously described immunohistochemistry (IHC) binary classification system. Patients received docetaxel between January 1, 2006 and July 31, 2016. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Response correlations were analyzed using Pearson's χ2 tests and independent-sample t tests. Overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate (MVA) Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Overall, 215 patients were eligible. Established metastatic CRPC prognostic factors were well balanced between PTEN loss (39%) and normal patients (61%). PTEN loss was associated with shorter median OS (25.4 vs 34.7 mo; hazard ratio [HR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-2.13; p = 0.001). There were no differences in median PFS (8.0 vs 9.1 mo; univariate HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.86-1.68; p = 0.28) and PSA response (53.4% vs 50.6%; p = 0.74). PTEN loss was an independent prognostics factor in MVA. ERG status was available for 100 patients. ERG positivity was not associated with OS or PFS. Limitations include the retrospective nature and the single-centre analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that metastatic CRPC with PTEN loss might benefit more from docetaxel than from NGHT. PATIENT SUMMARY In this study we found that metastatic prostate cancer with loss of the PTEN switch may benefit more from docetaxel than from abiraterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Rescigno
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AOU Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - David Lorente
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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16
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Espiritu SMG, Liu LY, Rubanova Y, Bhandari V, Holgersen EM, Szyca LM, Fox NS, Chua ML, Yamaguchi TN, Heisler LE, Livingstone J, Wintersinger J, Yousif F, Lalonde E, Rouette A, Salcedo A, Houlahan KE, Li CH, Huang V, Fraser M, van der Kwast T, Morris QD, Bristow RG, Boutros PC. The Evolutionary Landscape of Localized Prostate Cancers Drives Clinical Aggression. Cell 2018; 173:1003-1013.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Malihi PD, Morikado M, Welter L, Liu ST, Miller ET, Cadaneanu RM, Knudsen BS, Lewis MS, Carlsson A, Velasco CR, Kolatkar A, Rodriguez-Lee M, Garraway IP, Hicks J, Kuhn P. Clonal diversity revealed by morphoproteomic and copy number profiles of single prostate cancer cells at diagnosis. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2018; 4:015003. [PMID: 32670616 PMCID: PMC7363158 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aaa00b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is prevalent in both treatment-naïve and end-stage metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa), and may contribute to the broad range of clinical presentation, treatment response, and disease progression. To characterize molecular heterogeneity associated with de novo metastatic PCa, multiplatform single cell profiling was performed using high definition single cell analysis (HD-SCA). HD-SCA enabled morphoproteomic and morphogenomic profiling of single cells from touch preparations of tissue cores (prostate and bone marrow biopsies) as well as liquid samples (peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate). Morphology, nuclear features, copy number alterations, and protein expression were analyzed. Tumor cells isolated from prostate tissue touch preparation (PTTP) and bone marrow touch preparation (BMTP) as well as metastatic tumor cells (MTCs) isolated from bone marrow aspirate were characterized by morphology and cytokeratin expression. Although peripheral blood was examined, circulating tumor cells were not definitively observed. Targeted proteomics of PTTP, BMTP, and MTCs revealed cell lineage and luminal prostate epithelial differentiation associated with PCa, including co-expression of EpCAM, PSA, and PSMA. Androgen receptor expression was highest in MTCs. Hallmark PCa copy number alterations, including PTEN and ETV6 deletions and NCOA2 amplification, were observed in cells within the primary tumor and bone marrow biopsy samples. Genomic landscape of MTCs revealed to be a mix of both primary and bone metastatic tissue. This multiplatform analysis of single cells reveals several clonal origins of metastatic PCa in a newly diagnosed, untreated patient with polymetastatic disease. This case demonstrates that real-time molecular profiling of cells collected through prostate and bone marrow biopsies is feasible and has the potential to elucidate the origin and evolution of metastatic tumor cells. Altogether, biological and genomic data obtained through longitudinal biopsies can be used to reveal the properties of PCa and can impact clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paymaneh D Malihi
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Morikado
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Lisa Welter
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sandy T Liu
- Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric T Miller
- Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Radu M Cadaneanu
- Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael S Lewis
- Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Anders Carlsson
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Carmen Ruiz Velasco
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Anand Kolatkar
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Mariam Rodriguez-Lee
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Isla P Garraway
- Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - James Hicks
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter Kuhn
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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18
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Kluth M, Graunke M, Möller-Koop C, Hube-Magg C, Minner S, Michl U, Graefen M, Huland H, Pompe R, Jacobsen F, Hinsch A, Wittmer C, Lebok P, Steurer S, Büscheck F, Clauditz T, Wilczak W, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Simon R. Deletion of 18q is a strong and independent prognostic feature in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86339-86349. [PMID: 27861151 PMCID: PMC5349918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of 18q recurrently occurs in prostate cancer. To evaluate its clinical relevance, dual labeling fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for 18q21 and centromere 18 was performed on a prostate cancer tissue microarray (TMA). An 18q deletion was found in 517 of 6,881 successfully analyzed cancers (7.5%). 18q deletion was linked to unfavorable tumor phenotype. An 18q deletion was seen in 6.4% of 4,360 pT2, 8.0% of 1,559 pT3a and 11.8% of 930 pT3b-pT4 cancers (P < 0.0001). Deletions of 18q were detected in 6.9% of 1,636 Gleason ≤ 3 + 3, 6.8% of 3,804 Gleason 3 + 4, 10.1% of 1,058 Gleason 4+3, and 9.9% of 344 Gleason ≥ 4 + 4 tumors (P = 0.0013). Deletions of 18q were slightly more frequent in ERG-fusion negative (8.2%) than in ERG-fusion positive cancers (6.4%, P = 0.0063). 18q deletions were also linked to biochemical recurrence (BCR, P < 0.0001). This was independent from established pre- and postoperative prognostic factors (P ≤ 0.0004). In summary, the results of our study identify 18q deletion as an independent prognostic parameter in prostate cancer. As it is easy to measure, 18q deletion may be a suitable component for multiparametric molecular prostate cancer prognosis tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Graunke
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Michl
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Raisa Pompe
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for prostate cancer research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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19
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Li YR, Yang WX. Myosins as fundamental components during tumorigenesis: diverse and indispensable. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46785-46812. [PMID: 27121062 PMCID: PMC5216836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin is a kind of actin-based motor protein. As the crucial functions of myosin during tumorigenesis have become increasingly apparent, the profile of myosin in the field of cancer research has also been growing. Eighteen distinct classes of myosins have been discovered in the past twenty years and constitute a diverse superfamily. Various myosins share similar structures. They all convert energy from ATP hydrolysis to exert mechanical stress upon interactions with microfilaments. Ongoing research is increasingly suggesting that at least seven kinds of myosins participate in the formation and development of cancer. Myosins play essential roles in cytokinesis failure, chromosomal and centrosomal amplification, multipolar spindle formation and DNA microsatellite instability. These are all prerequisites of tumor formation. Subsequently, myosins activate various processes of tumor invasion and metastasis development including cell migration, adhesion, protrusion formation, loss of cell polarity and suppression of apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of myosins during tumorigenesis and discuss the factors and mechanisms which may regulate myosins in tumor progression. Furthermore, we put forward a completely new concept of “chromomyosin” to demonstrate the pivotal functions of myosins during karyokinesis and how this acts to optimize the functions of the members of the myosin superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Lee D, Fontugne J, Gumpeni N, Park K, MacDonald TY, Robinson BD, Sboner A, Rubin MA, Mosquera JM, Barbieri CE. Molecular alterations in prostate cancer and association with MRI features. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:430-435. [PMID: 28762374 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has been increasingly used for prostate cancer (PCa). Recent studies identified distinct molecular subclasses of PCa with recurrent genomic alterations. However, the associations between molecular alterations in PCa and characteristics on mpMRI are unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate recurrent molecular alterations in PCa and their associations with mpMRI features. METHODS Sixty-two PCa nodules >0.5 cm had a preoperative mpMRI. Nodules were evaluated for ERG rearrangement, PTEN deletion, SPINK1 overexpression, SPOP mutation and CHD1 deletion. Each PCa focus was matched to the corresponding location on mpMRI. Lesions were scored by single observer according to the PI-RADSv2 scale. RESULTS Of the 62 nodules, 22 (35.5%) were ERG positive, 6 (9.7%) had SPINK1 overexpression, 6 (9.7%) had SPOP mutations, 4 (6.5%) had CHD1 deletions and 1 (1.6%) had PTEN deletion. All of the nodules with CHD1 deletions were not visible on mpMRI (P=0.037). All of the nodules with SPINK1 overexpression were visible on mpMRI, although the association was not statistically significant (P=0.06). There were no significant associations between any molecular alteration with the severity of the PI-RADS scores (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This investigation represents the first description of an association between recurrent molecular alterations and the characterization of PCa nodules on mpMRI. This study can be considered hypothesis-generating for future studies to rigorously evaluate the association of specific PCa molecular subclasses with imaging features and potentially define specific subsets of PCa for which the utility of MRI is higher or lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lee
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Fontugne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Gumpeni
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - T Y MacDonald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - B D Robinson
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Sboner
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - M A Rubin
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - J M Mosquera
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - C E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Han Y, Jin X, Li H, Wang K, Gao J, Song L, Lv Y. Microarray analysis of copy-number variations and gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7264. [PMID: 28700469 PMCID: PMC5515741 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify potential prostate cancer (PC)-related variations in gene expression profiles. METHODS Microarray data from the GSE21032 dataset that contained the whole-transcript and exon-level expression profile (GSE21034) and Agilent 244K array-comparative genomic hybridization data (GSE21035) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and copy-number variations (CNVs) were identified between PC and normal tissue samples. Coexpression interactions of DEGs that contained CNVs (CNV-DEGs) were analyzed. Pathway enrichment analysis of CNV-DEGs was performed. Drugs targeting CNV-DEGs were searched using the Drug-Gene Interaction database. RESULTS In total, 679 DEGs were obtained, including 182 upregulated genes and 497 downregulated genes. A total of 48 amplified CNV regions and 45 deleted regions were determined. The number of CNVs at 8q and 8p was relatively higher in PC tissue. Only 16 DEGs, including 4 upregulated and 12 downregulated genes, showed a positive correlation with CNVs. In the coexpression network, 3 downregulated CNV-DEGs, including FAT4 (FAT atypical cadherin 4), PDE5A (phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific), and PCP4 (Purkinje cell protein 4), had a higher degree, and were enriched in specific pathways such as the calmodulin signaling pathway. Five of the 16 CNV-DEGs (e.g., PDE5A) were identified as drug targets. CONCLUSION The identified CNV-DEGs could be implicated in the progression of human PC. The findings could lead to a better understanding of PC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Han
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Xuefei Jin
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Kaichen Wang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Ji Gao
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Lide Song
- Department of Urology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanting Lv
- Department of Urology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
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22
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de la Rosa J, Weber J, Friedrich MJ, Li Y, Rad L, Ponstingl H, Liang Q, de Quirós SB, Noorani I, Metzakopian E, Strong A, Li MA, Astudillo A, Fernández-García MT, Fernández-García MS, Hoffman GJ, Fuente R, Vassiliou GS, Rad R, López-Otín C, Bradley A, Cadiñanos J. A single-copy Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis screen identifies new PTEN-cooperating tumor suppressor genes. Nat Genet 2017; 49:730-741. [PMID: 28319090 PMCID: PMC5409503 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The overwhelming number of genetic alterations identified through cancer genome sequencing requires complementary approaches to interpret their significance and interactions. Here we developed a novel whole-body insertional mutagenesis screen in mice, which was designed for the discovery of Pten-cooperating tumor suppressors. Toward this aim, we coupled mobilization of a single-copy inactivating Sleeping Beauty transposon to Pten disruption within the same genome. The analysis of 278 transposition-induced prostate, breast and skin tumors detected tissue-specific and shared data sets of known and candidate genes involved in cancer. We validated ZBTB20, CELF2, PARD3, AKAP13 and WAC, which were identified by our screens in multiple cancer types, as new tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer. We demonstrated their synergy with PTEN in preventing invasion in vitro and confirmed their clinical relevance. Further characterization of Wac in vivo showed obligate haploinsufficiency for this gene (which encodes an autophagy-regulating factor) in a Pten-deficient context. Our study identified complex PTEN-cooperating tumor suppressor networks in different cancer types, with potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge de la Rosa
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA), Oviedo, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julia Weber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Yilong Li
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lena Rad
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Hannes Ponstingl
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Qi Liang
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Imran Noorani
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Alexander Strong
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Meng Amy Li
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Gary J Hoffman
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rocío Fuente
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - George S Vassiliou
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Roland Rad
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Juan Cadiñanos
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA), Oviedo, Spain
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23
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Fisher KW, Zhang S, Wang M, Montironi R, Wang L, Baldrige LA, Wang JY, MacLennan GT, Williamson SR, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L. TMPRSS2-ERGgene fusion is rare compared to PTENdeletions in stage T1a prostate cancer. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:814-820. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt W. Fisher
- Department of Pathology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Mingsheng Wang
- Department of Pathology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Department of Urology; Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology; Polytechnic University of the Marche Region (Ancona); United Hospitals; Ancona Italy
| | - Lisha Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Lee A. Baldrige
- Department of Pathology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Jonas Y. Wang
- Department of Pathology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Gregory T. MacLennan
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio
| | - Sean R. Williamson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit Michigan
- Josephine Ford Cancer Institute; Henry Ford Health System; Detroit Michigan
- Department of Pathology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Cordoba University Spain and Champalimaud Clinical Center; Cordoba University; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
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24
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Gupta S, Li J, Kemeny G, Bitting RL, Beaver J, Somarelli JA, Ware KE, Gregory S, Armstrong AJ. Whole Genomic Copy Number Alterations in Circulating Tumor Cells from Men with Abiraterone or Enzalutamide-Resistant Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1346-1357. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Kluth M, Ahrary R, Hube-Magg C, Ahmed M, Volta H, Schwemin C, Steurer S, Wittmer C, Wilczak W, Burandt E, Krech T, Adam M, Michl U, Heinzer H, Salomon G, Graefen M, Koop C, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Schlomm T. Genomic deletion of chromosome 12p is an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27966-79. [PMID: 26293672 PMCID: PMC4695038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of 12p is a recurrent alteration in prostate cancer, but the prevalence and clinical consequences of this alteration have not been studied in detail. Dual labeling fluorescence in situ hybridization using probes for 12p13 (CDKN1B; p27) and centromere 12 as a reference was used to successfully analyze more than 3700 prostate cancers with clinical follow-up data assembled in a tissue microarray format. CDKN1B was selected as a probe because it is located in the center of the deletion, which spans > 10 Mb and includes > 50 genes in 80% of cancers with 12p deletion. Deletion of 12p was found in 13.7% of cancers and included 13.5% heterozygous and 0.2% homozygous deletions. 12p deletion were linked to advanced tumor stage (p < 0.0001), high Gleason grade (p < 0.0001), rapid tumor cell proliferation (p < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0004), and biochemical recurrence (p = 0.0027). Multivariate analysis including pT stage (p < 0.0001), Gleason grade (p < 0.0001), pN status (p = 0.0001), preoperative PSA levels (p = 0.0001), and resection margin status (p = 0.0001) revealed an independent prognostic value of 12p deletion (p = 0.0014). Deletion of 12p was unrelated to the ERG fusion status. Deletion of 12p was only marginally linked to reduced p27 expression, which by itself was unrelated to clinical outcome. This argues against p27 as the key target gene of 12p deletions. In summary, the results of our study demonstrate that 12p deletion is frequent in prostate cancer and provides independent prognostic information. 12p deletion analysis alone, or in combination with other prognostic parameters may thus have clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ramin Ahrary
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Malik Ahmed
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Heinke Volta
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Catina Schwemin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Meike Adam
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Michl
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Georg Salomon
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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26
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Wang D, Zhu L, Liao M, Zeng T, Zhuo W, Yang S, Wu W. MYO6 knockdown inhibits the growth and induces the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by decreasing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PRAS40. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1285-92. [PMID: 27431378 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among males around the world. Myosin VI (MYO6), as a motor protein, has been reported to be implicated in cancer-related cell migration and cellular functions. To investigate the role of MYO6 in prostate cancer, immunohistochemical analysis was firstly applied to prostate cancer tissues and revealed that MYO6 was closely related with the Gleason score in prostate cancer. Then we used specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to downregulate MYO6 expression in DU145 and PC-3 cells and found that decreased MYO6 expression significantly suppressed cell proliferation, as determined by MTT and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry confirmed that the suppression of MYO6 promoted cell cycle arrest at the G2/M and sub-G1 phase in the DU145 cells. Furthermore, PathScan intracellular signaling array analysis demonstrated that the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PRAS40 was downregulated in the DU145 cells following MYO6 knockdown. Knockdown of MYO6 downregulated the expression of AKT3 and upregulated the expression of PARP, as confirmed by western blot analysis. These results suggest that MYO6 plays an essential role in the progression of prostate cancer and silencing of MYO6 may be a promising therapeutic approach for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Libing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Lushan Sanatorium of the PLA, Lushan 332000, P.R. China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Tengyue Zeng
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Shunliang Yang
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Weizhen Wu
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
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27
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in Western men. Our understanding of the genetic alterations associated with disease predisposition, development, progression, and therapy response is rapidly improving, at least in part, owing to the development of next-generation sequencing technologies. Large advances have been made in our understanding of the genetics of prostate cancer through the application of whole-exome sequencing, and this review summarises recent advances in this field and discusses how exome sequencing could be used clinically to promote personalised medicine for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Pine
- Molecular Oncology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Flavia F Fioretti
- Androgen Signalling Laboratory, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Greg N Brooke
- Molecular Oncology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK; Androgen Signalling Laboratory, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Androgen Signalling Laboratory, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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28
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Pan X, Zhang X, Gong J, Tan J, Yin X, Tang Q, Shu K, Shen P, Zeng H, Chen N. The expression profile and prognostic value of SPINK1 in initially diagnosed bone metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:823-33. [PMID: 27159572 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPINK1 has been described to be mutually exclusively expressed in prostate cancer (PCa), but its expression profiles and the probable roles in bone metastatic PCa have not been thoroughly explored. METHODS Total of 155 biopsy specimens from initially diagnosed bone metastatic PCa were obtained between 2009.1 and 2012.12. SPINK1 and ERG were detected by using immunohistochemical staining. Factors included age, ECOG score, clinical T stage, Gleason scores (GS), expression of SPINK1 and ERG, baseline PSA, baseline ALP, baseline HGB and PSA normalization, and the association of SPINK1 and ERG with clinical outcomes (CRPC-free survival and overall survival) were analyzed. RESULTS Totally, SPINK1 and ERG were mutually independently expressed in the primary tissues of those patients, and their positivity were only 13.5% (21/155) and 10.9% (17/155), respectively. Positive expression of SPINK1 was completely detected in cases with primary Gleason score 4 or 5; on the contrary, the frequency of ERG was much lower. Correlative analysis only found that SPINK1 was linked with PSA response to androgen deprivation therapy (χ(2) = 11.101, P = 0.001). Survival analysis showed that, ERG was not associated with clinical outcomes in all cases, especially in cases with higher GS (8-10) (n = 90); but SPINK1 was an independent prognostic factor which was associated with adverse CFS of patients with GS 8-10 (CFS: HR = 5.141, 95%CI: 1.108-25.552, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS It is the first time to simultaneously detect SPINK1 and ERG expression in initially diagnosed bone metastatic PCa. The over-expression of SPINK1 was not only related to poor PSA response, but also significantly associated with the occurrence of CRPC, especially in those with much more aggressive phenotype (GS 8-10). So, SPINK1 could be considered as a useful prognostic predictor for bone metastatic PCa at the time of diagnosis, and further prospective studies are needed to verify the conclusions. Prostate 76:823-833, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyi Pan
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junya Tan
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qidun Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunpeng Shu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Xu R, Fang XH, Zhong P. Myosin VI contributes to malignant proliferation of human glioma cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:139-45. [PMID: 26937209 PMCID: PMC4770103 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previously characterized as a backward motor, myosin VI (MYO6), which belongs to myosin family, moves toward the minus end of the actin track, a direction opposite to all other known myosin members. Recent researches have illuminated the role of MYO6 in human cancers, particularly in prostate cancer. However, the role of MYO6 in glioma has not yet been determined. In this study, to explore the role of MYO6 in human glioma, lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting MYO6 was designed to stably down-regulate its endogenous expression in glioblastoma cells U251. Knockdown of MYO6 signifi cantly inhibited viability and proliferation of U251 cells in vitro. Moreover, the cell cycle of U251 cells was arrested at G0/G1 phase with the absence of MYO6, which could contribute to the suppression of cell proliferation. In conclusion, we firstly identified the crucial involvement of MYO6 in human glioma. The inhibition of MYO6 by shRNA might be a potential therapeutic method in human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Neurosurgical Department of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xu-Hao Fang
- Neurosurgical Department of Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Neurosurgical Department of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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30
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Novel Research on Fusion Genes and Next-Generation Sequencing. Prostate Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800077-9.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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The Molecular Taxonomy of Primary Prostate Cancer. Cell 2015; 163:1011-25. [PMID: 26544944 PMCID: PMC4695400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2149] [Impact Index Per Article: 238.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial heterogeneity among primary prostate cancers, evident in the spectrum of molecular abnormalities and its variable clinical course. As part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we present a comprehensive molecular analysis of 333 primary prostate carcinomas. Our results revealed a molecular taxonomy in which 74% of these tumors fell into one of seven subtypes defined by specific gene fusions (ERG, ETV1/4, and FLI1) or mutations (SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1). Epigenetic profiles showed substantial heterogeneity, including an IDH1 mutant subset with a methylator phenotype. Androgen receptor (AR) activity varied widely and in a subtype-specific manner, with SPOP and FOXA1 mutant tumors having the highest levels of AR-induced transcripts. 25% of the prostate cancers had a presumed actionable lesion in the PI3K or MAPK signaling pathways, and DNA repair genes were inactivated in 19%. Our analysis reveals molecular heterogeneity among primary prostate cancers, as well as potentially actionable molecular defects.
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32
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Boysen G, Barbieri CE, Prandi D, Blattner M, Chae SS, Dahija A, Nataraj S, Huang D, Marotz C, Xu L, Huang J, Lecca P, Chhangawala S, Liu D, Zhou P, Sboner A, de Bono JS, Demichelis F, Houvras Y, Rubin MA. SPOP mutation leads to genomic instability in prostate cancer. eLife 2015; 4:e09207. [PMID: 26374986 PMCID: PMC4621745 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a fundamental feature of human cancer often resulting from impaired genome maintenance. In prostate cancer, structural genomic rearrangements are a common mechanism driving tumorigenesis. However, somatic alterations predisposing to chromosomal rearrangements in prostate cancer remain largely undefined. Here, we show that SPOP, the most commonly mutated gene in primary prostate cancer modulates DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, and that SPOP mutation is associated with genomic instability. In vivo, SPOP mutation results in a transcriptional response consistent with BRCA1 inactivation resulting in impaired homology-directed repair (HDR) of DSB. Furthermore, we found that SPOP mutation sensitizes to DNA damaging therapeutic agents such as PARP inhibitors. These results implicate SPOP as a novel participant in DSB repair, suggest that SPOP mutation drives prostate tumorigenesis in part through genomic instability, and indicate that mutant SPOP may increase response to DNA-damaging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Boysen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Davide Prandi
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mirjam Blattner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Sung-Suk Chae
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Arun Dahija
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Srilakshmi Nataraj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Dennis Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Clarisse Marotz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Julie Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Paola Lecca
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Sagar Chhangawala
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Deli Liu
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
- Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
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33
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Coarfa C, Fiskus W, Eedunuri VK, Rajapakshe K, Foley C, Chew SA, Shah SS, Geng C, Shou J, Mohamed JS, O'Malley BW, Mitsiades N. Comprehensive proteomic profiling identifies the androgen receptor axis and other signaling pathways as targets of microRNAs suppressed in metastatic prostate cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:2345-56. [PMID: 26364608 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are important epigenetic regulators of protein expression by triggering degradation of target mRNAs and/or inhibiting their translation. Dysregulation of microRNA expression has been reported in several cancers, including prostate cancer (PC). We comprehensively characterized the proteomic footprint of a panel of 12 microRNAs that are potently suppressed in metastatic PC (SiM-miRNAs: miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-135a, miR-143-3p, miR-145-3p, miR-205, miR-221-3p, miR-221-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-24-1-5p, and miR-31) using reverse-phase proteomic arrays. Re-expression of these SiM-miRNAs in PC cells suppressed cell proliferation and targeted key oncogenic pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, metastasis and the androgen receptor (AR) axis. However, only 12%, at most, of these observed protein expression changes could be explained by predicted direct binding of miRNAs to corresponding mRNAs, suggesting that the majority of these proteomic effects result indirectly. AR and its steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs; SRC-1, -2 and -3) were recurrently affected by these SiM-miRNAs. In agreement, we identified inverse correlations between expression of these SiM-miRNAs and early clinical recurrence, as well as with AR transcriptional activity in human PC tissues. We also identified robust induction of miR-135a by androgen and strong direct binding of AR to the miR-135a locus. As miR-135a potently suppresses AR expression, this results in a negative feedback loop that suppresses AR protein expression in an androgen-dependent manner, while de-repressing AR expression upon androgen deprivation. Our results demonstrate that epigenetic silencing of these SiM-miRNAs can result in increased AR axis activity and cell proliferation, thus contributing to disease progression. We further demonstrate that a negative feedback loop involving miR-135a can restore AR expression under androgen-deprivation conditions, thus contributing to the upregulation of AR protein expression in castration-resistant PC. Finally, our unbiased proteomic profiling demonstrates that the majority of actual protein expression changes induced by SiM-miRNAs cannot be explained based on predicted direct interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Fiskus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V K Eedunuri
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - K Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Foley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S A Chew
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S S Shah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Geng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Shou
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J S Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Mitsiades
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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34
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Kluth M, Runte F, Barow P, Omari J, Abdelaziz ZM, Paustian L, Steurer S, Christina Tsourlakis M, Fisch M, Graefen M, Tennstedt P, Huland H, Michl U, Minner S, Sauter G, Simon R, Adam M, Schlomm T. Concurrent deletion of 16q23 and PTEN is an independent prognostic feature in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2354-63. [PMID: 26009879 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The deletion of 16q23-q24 belongs to the most frequent chromosomal changes in prostate cancer, but the clinical consequences of this alteration have not been studied in detail. We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using a 16q23 probe in more than 7,400 prostate cancers with clinical follow-up data assembled in a tissue microarray format. Chromosome 16q deletion was found in 21% of cancers, and was linked to advanced tumor stage, high Gleason grade, accelerated cell proliferation, the presence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.0001 each) and positive surgical margin (p = 0.0004). 16q Deletion was more frequent in ERG fusion-positive (27%) as compared to ERG fusion-negative cancers (16%, p < 0.0001), and was linked to other ERG-associated deletions including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) (p < 0.0001) and 3p13 (p = 0.0303). In univariate analysis, the deletion of 16q was linked to early biochemical recurrence independently from the ERG status (p < 0.0001). Tumors with codeletions of 16q and PTEN had a worse prognosis (p = 0.0199) than those with PTEN or the deletion of 16q alone. Multivariate modeling revealed that the prognostic value of 16q/PTEN deletion patterns was independent from the established prognostic factors. In summary, the results of our study demonstrate that the deletion of 16q and PTEN cooperatively drives prostate cancer progression, and suggests that deletion analysis of 16q and PTEN could be of important clinical value particularly for preoperative risk assessment of the clinically most challenging group of low- and intermediated grade prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Runte
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Barow
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jazan Omari
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zaid M Abdelaziz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Paustian
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Tennstedt
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Michl
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Adam
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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35
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Carreira S, Romanel A, Goodall J, Grist E, Ferraldeschi R, Miranda S, Prandi D, Lorente D, Frenel JS, Pezaro C, Omlin A, Rodrigues DN, Flohr P, Tunariu N, S de Bono J, Demichelis F, Attard G. Tumor clone dynamics in lethal prostate cancer. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:254ra125. [PMID: 25232177 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether a single clone metastasizes and remains dominant over the course of lethal prostate cancer. We describe the clonal architectural heterogeneity at different stages of disease progression by sequencing serial plasma and tumor samples from 16 ERG-positive patients. By characterizing the clonality of commonly occurring deletions at 21q22, 8p21, and 10q23, we identified multiple independent clones in metastatic disease that are differentially represented in tissue and circulation. To exemplify the clinical utility of our studies, we then showed a temporal association between clinical progression and emergence of androgen receptor (AR) mutations activated by glucocorticoids in about 20% of patients progressing on abiraterone and prednisolone or dexamethasone. Resistant clones showed a complex dynamic with temporal and spatial heterogeneity, suggesting distinct mechanisms of resistance at different sites that emerged and regressed depending on treatment selection pressure. This introduces a management paradigm requiring sequential monitoring of advanced prostate cancer patients with plasma and tumor biopsies to ensure early discontinuation of agents when they become potential disease drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Romanel
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Jane Goodall
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Emily Grist
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK. Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Roberta Ferraldeschi
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK. Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | | | - Davide Prandi
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - David Lorente
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK. Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | | | - Carmel Pezaro
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK. Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Aurelius Omlin
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK. Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | | | | | - Nina Tunariu
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK. Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK. Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy. Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA. Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Gerhardt Attard
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK. Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK.
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36
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Boström PJ, Bjartell AS, Catto JWF, Eggener SE, Lilja H, Loeb S, Schalken J, Schlomm T, Cooperberg MR. Genomic Predictors of Outcome in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2015; 68:1033-44. [PMID: 25913390 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Given the highly variable behavior and clinical course of prostate cancer (PCa) and the multiple available treatment options, a personalized approach to oncologic risk stratification is important. Novel genetic approaches offer additional information to improve clinical decision making. OBJECTIVE To review the use of genomic biomarkers in the prognostication of PCa outcome and prediction of therapeutic response. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Systematic literature review focused on human clinical studies reporting outcome measures with external validation. The literature search included all Medline, Embase, and Scopus articles from inception through July 2014. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS An improved understanding of the genetic basis of prostate carcinogenesis has produced an increasing number of potential prognostic and predictive tools, such as transmembrane protease, serine2:v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (TMPRSS2:ERG) gene fusion status, loss of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, and gene expression signatures utilizing messenger RNA from tumor tissue. Several commercially available gene panels with external validation are now available, although most have yet to be widely used. The most studied commercially available gene panels, Prolaris, Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score, and Decipher, may be used to estimate disease outcome in addition to clinical parameters or clinical nomograms. ConfirmMDx is an epigenetic test used to predict the results of repeat prostate biopsy after an initial negative biopsy. Additional future strategies include using genetic information from circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood to guide treatment decisions at the initial diagnosis and at subsequent decision points. CONCLUSIONS Major advances have been made in our understanding of PCa biology in recent years. Our field is currently exploring the early stages of a personalized approach to augment traditional clinical decision making using commercially available genomic tools. A more comprehensive appreciation of value, limitations, and cost is important. PATIENT SUMMARY We summarized current advances in genomic testing in prostate cancer with a special focus on the estimation of disease outcome. Several commercial tests are currently available, but further understanding is needed to appreciate the potential benefits and limitations of these novel tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Boström
- Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Anders S Bjartell
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Lund Sweden
| | - James W F Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Hans Lilja
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stacy Loeb
- Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- Departments of Urology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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37
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Linn DE, Bronson RT, Li Z. Genetic interaction between Tmprss2-ERG gene fusion and Nkx3.1-loss does not enhance prostate tumorigenesis in mouse models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120628. [PMID: 25780911 PMCID: PMC4364018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene fusions involving ETS family transcription factors (mainly TMPRSS2-ERG and TMPRSS2-ETV1 fusions) have been found in ~50% of human prostate cancer cases. Although expression of TMPRSS2-ERG or TMPRSS2-ETV1 fusion alone is insufficient to initiate prostate tumorigenesis, they appear to sensitize prostate epithelial cells for cooperation with additional oncogenic mutations to drive frank prostate adenocarcinoma. To search for such ETS-cooperating oncogenic events, we focused on a well-studied prostate tumor suppressor NKX3.1, as loss of NKX3.1 is another common genetic alteration in human prostate cancer. Previous studies have shown that deletions at 8p21 (harboring NKX3.1) and 21q22 (resulting in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion) were both present in a subtype of prostate cancer cases, and that ERG can lead to epigenetic silencing of NKX3.1 in prostate cancer cells, whereas NKX3.1 can in turn negatively regulate TMPRSS2-ERG fusion expression via suppression of the TMPRSS2 promoter activity. We recently generated knockin mouse models for TMPRSS2-ERG and TMPRSS2-ETV1 fusions, utilizing the endogenous Tmprss2 promoter. We crossed these knockin models to an Nkx3.1 knockout mouse model. In Tmprss2-ERG;Nkx3.1+/- (or -/-) male mice, although we observed a slight but significant upregulation of Tmprss2-ERG fusion expression upon Nkx3.1 loss, we did not detect any significant cooperation between these two genetic events to enhance prostate tumorigenesis in vivo. Furthermore, retrospective analysis of a previously published human prostate cancer dataset revealed that within ERG-overexpressing prostate cancer cases, NKX3.1 loss or deletion did not predict biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy. Collectively, these data suggest that although TMPRSS2-ERG fusion and loss of NKX3.1 are among the most common mutational events found in prostate cancer, and although each of them can sensitize prostate epithelial cells for cooperating with other oncogenic events, these two events themselves do not appear to cooperate at a significant level in vivo to enhance prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E. Linn
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States of America
| | - Roderick T. Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States of America
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Barbieri CE, Tomlins SA. Reprint of: The prostate cancer genome: Perspectives and potential. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Krohn A, Freudenthaler F, Harasimowicz S, Kluth M, Fuchs S, Burkhardt L, Stahl P, C Tsourlakis M, Bauer M, Tennstedt P, Graefen M, Steurer S, Sirma H, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Simon R, Minner S. Heterogeneity and chronology of PTEN deletion and ERG fusion in prostate cancer. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:1612-20. [PMID: 24762546 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TMPRSS2:ERG fusions, in combination with deletion of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor, have been suggested to cooperatively drive tumor progression in prostate cancer. We utilized a novel heterogeneity tissue microarray containing samples from 10 different tumor blocks of 189 prostatectomy specimens to study heterogeneity of genomic PTEN alterations in individual foci. PTEN alterations were found in 48/123 (39%) analyzable individual tumor foci, including 40 foci with deletions, 7 with deletion and rearrangement, and 1 focus with rearrangement only. PTEN was homogeneously aberrant in only 4 (8%) and heterogeneously in 44 (92%) of the foci. We found a specific sequence of molecular events from PTEN breakage followed by deletion of DNA sequences flanking the breakpoint, resulting in homozygous deletion. The observation that 16 of 19 foci with homogeneous ERG positivity had focal PTEN alterations but none of 10 foci with PTEN alterations had focal ERG positivity (P<0.0001) suggests that PTEN alterations typically develop subsequent to ERG fusions. We demonstrate a high level of intratumoral heterogeneity of PTEN alterations with deletions and rearrangements that challenges potential PTEN routine diagnosis testing in biopsies. The observation that PTEN alterations develop subsequent to ERG fusion strongly suggests that ERG expression may directly drive development of PTEN aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Krohn
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Freudenthaler
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Harasimowicz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Fuchs
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lia Burkhardt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Stahl
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria C Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Tennstedt
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hueseyin Sirma
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- 1] Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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40
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Williams JL, Greer PA, Squire JA. Recurrent copy number alterations in prostate cancer: an in silico meta-analysis of publicly available genomic data. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:474-88. [PMID: 25434580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a meta-analysis of somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) from 11 publications that examined 662 prostate cancer patient samples, which were derived from 546 primary and 116 advanced tumors. Normalization, segmentation, and identification of corresponding CNAs for meta-analysis was achieved using established commercial software. Unsupervised analysis identified five genomic subgroups in which approximately 90% of the samples were characterized by abnormal profiles with gains of 8q. The most common loss was 8p (NKX3.1). The CNA distribution in other genomic subgroups was characterized by losses at 2q, 3p, 5q, 6q, 13q, 16q, 17p, 18q, and PTEN (10q), and acquisition of 21q deletions associated with the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion rearrangement. Parallel analysis of advanced and primary tumors in the cohort indicated that genomic deletions of PTEN and the gene fusion were enriched in advanced disease. A supervised analysis of the PTEN deletion and the fusion gene showed that PTEN deletion was sufficient to impose higher levels of CNA. Moreover, the overall percentage of the genome altered was significantly higher when PTEN was deleted, suggesting that this important genomic subgroup was likely characterized by intrinsic chromosomal instability. Predicted alterations in expression levels of candidate genes in each of the recurrent CNA regions characteristic of each subgroup showed that signaling networks associated with cancer progression and genome stability were likely to be perturbed at the highest level in the PTEN deleted genomic subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Williams
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Squire
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Genetics and Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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41
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Gao D, Vela I, Sboner A, Iaquinta PJ, Karthaus WR, Gopalan A, Dowling C, Wanjala JN, Undvall EA, Arora VK, Wongvipat J, Kossai M, Ramazanoglu S, Barboza LP, Di W, Cao Z, Zhang QF, Sirota I, Ran L, MacDonald TY, Beltran H, Mosquera JM, Touijer KA, Scardino PT, Laudone VP, Curtis KR, Rathkopf DE, Morris MJ, Danila DC, Slovin SF, Solomon SB, Eastham JA, Chi P, Carver B, Rubin MA, Scher HI, Clevers H, Sawyers CL, Chen Y. Organoid cultures derived from patients with advanced prostate cancer. Cell 2014; 159:176-187. [PMID: 25201530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1053] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lack of in vitro prostate cancer models that recapitulate the diversity of human prostate cancer has hampered progress in understanding disease pathogenesis and therapy response. Using a 3D organoid system, we report success in long-term culture of prostate cancer from biopsy specimens and circulating tumor cells. The first seven fully characterized organoid lines recapitulate the molecular diversity of prostate cancer subtypes, including TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, SPOP mutation, SPINK1 overexpression, and CHD1 loss. Whole-exome sequencing shows a low mutational burden, consistent with genomics studies, but with mutations in FOXA1 and PIK3R1, as well as in DNA repair and chromatin modifier pathways that have been reported in advanced disease. Loss of p53 and RB tumor suppressor pathway function are the most common feature shared across the organoid lines. The methodology described here should enable the generation of a large repertoire of patient-derived prostate cancer lines amenable to genetic and pharmacologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ian Vela
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Phillip J Iaquinta
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wouter R Karthaus
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anuradha Gopalan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Catherine Dowling
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jackline N Wanjala
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eva A Undvall
- Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vivek K Arora
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John Wongvipat
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Myriam Kossai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sinan Ramazanoglu
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Luendreo P Barboza
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wei Di
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhen Cao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qi Fan Zhang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inna Sirota
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leili Ran
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Theresa Y MacDonald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan-Miguel Mosquera
- Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Karim A Touijer
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter T Scardino
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vincent P Laudone
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristen R Curtis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dana E Rathkopf
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel C Danila
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susan F Slovin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James A Eastham
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brett Carver
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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42
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Prandi D, Baca SC, Romanel A, Barbieri CE, Mosquera JM, Fontugne J, Beltran H, Sboner A, Garraway LA, Rubin MA, Demichelis F. Unraveling the clonal hierarchy of somatic genomic aberrations. Genome Biol 2014; 15:439. [PMID: 25160065 PMCID: PMC4167267 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the chronology of molecular alterations may identify milestones in carcinogenesis. To unravel the temporal evolution of aberrations from clinical tumors, we developed CLONET, which upon estimation of tumor admixture and ploidy infers the clonal hierarchy of genomic aberrations. Comparative analysis across 100 sequenced genomes from prostate, melanoma, and lung cancers established diverse evolutionary hierarchies, demonstrating the early disruption of tumor-specific pathways. The analyses highlight the diversity of clonal evolution within and across tumor types that might be informative for risk stratification and patient selection for targeted therapies. CLONET addresses heterogeneous clinical samples seen in the setting of precision medicine.
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43
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Barbieri CE, Tomlins SA. The prostate cancer genome: Perspectives and potential. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:53.e15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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Park K, Chiu YL, Rubin MA, Demichelis F, Mosquera JM. V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (avian)/Trefoil factor 3/high-molecular-weight cytokeratin triple immunostain: a novel tissue-based biomarker in prostate cancer with potential clinical application. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:2282-92. [PMID: 23856515 PMCID: PMC10694780 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is associated with various cancers and overexpressed in a subset of prostate cancers. Functional studies suggest that v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (avian) (ERG) down-regulates TFF3 expression in hormone-naïve prostate cancer. To characterize this inverse relationship, we developed a triple immunostain encompassing ERG, TFF3, and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin. Triple stain was performed on 96 tumors and 52 benign cases represented in tissue microarrays. Distinct ERG and TFF3 protein was expressed in 45% (43/96) and 36% (35/96) of prostate cancers, respectively. Coexpression was observed in 5% (5/96) of tumor cases, and 24% (23/96) did not express ERG or TFF3. The inverse expression of ERG and TFF3 was significant (P < .0001), with 57% (30/53) of ERG-negative tumors demonstrating TFF3 expression. Sensitivity and specificity of combined ERG and TFF3 expression in detecting prostate cancer were 76% and 96%, respectively. The feasibility of triple immunostain protocol was validated in a set of 76 needle biopsies. The application of this multiplex in situ biomarker for molecular characterization of prostate cancer and as a supplemental diagnostic and prognostic tool in prostate needle biopsies should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ya-Lin Chiu
- Department of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Juan Miguel Mosquera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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45
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Weier C, Haffner MC, Mosbruger T, Esopi DM, Hicks J, Zheng Q, Fedor H, Isaacs WB, De Marzo AM, Nelson WG, Yegnasubramanian S. Nucleotide resolution analysis of TMPRSS2 and ERG rearrangements in prostate cancer. J Pathol 2013; 230:174-83. [PMID: 23447416 DOI: 10.1002/path.4186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements occur in approximately 50% of prostate cancers and therefore represent one of the most frequently observed structural rearrangements in all cancers. However, little is known about the genomic architecture of such rearrangements. We therefore designed and optimized a pipeline involving target capture of TMPRSS2 and ERG genomic sequences coupled with paired-end next-generation sequencing to resolve genomic rearrangement breakpoints in TMPRSS2 and ERG at nucleotide resolution in a large series of primary prostate cancer specimens (n = 83). This strategy showed > 90% sensitivity and specificity in identifying TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements, and allowed identification of intra- and inter-chromosomal rearrangements involving TMPRSS2 and ERG with known and novel fusion partners. Our results indicate that rearrangement breakpoints show strong clustering in specific intronic regions of TMPRSS2 and ERG. The observed TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements often exhibited complex chromosomal architecture associated with several intra- and inter-chromosomal rearrangements. Nucleotide resolution analysis of breakpoint junctions revealed that the majority of TMPRSS2 and ERG rearrangements (~88%) occurred at or near regions of microhomology or involved insertions of one or more base pairs. This architecture implicates non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) pathways in the generation of such rearrangements. These analyses have provided important insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in generating prostate cancer-specific recurrent rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weier
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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46
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Chen JL, Appelbaum DE, Kocherginsky M, Cowey CL, Rathmell WK, McDermott DF, Stadler WM. FDG-PET as a predictive biomarker for therapy with everolimus in metastatic renal cell cancer. Cancer Med 2013; 2:545-52. [PMID: 24156027 PMCID: PMC3799289 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, everolimus, affects tumor growth by targeting cellular metabolic proliferation pathways and delays renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression. Preclinical evidence suggests that baseline elevated tumor glucose metabolism as quantified by FDG-PET ([18F] fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography) may predict antitumor activity. Metastatic RCC (mRCC) patients refractory to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway inhibition were treated with standard dose everolimus. FDG-PET scans were obtained at baseline and 2 weeks; serial computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained at baseline and every 8 weeks. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the most FDG avid lesion, average SUVmax of all measured lesions and their corresponding 2-week relative changes were examined for association with 8-week change in tumor size. A total of 63 patients were enrolled; 50 were evaluable for the primary endpoint of which 48 had both PET scans. Patient characteristics included the following: 36 (72%) clear cell histology and median age 59 (range: 37–80). Median pre- and 2-week treatment average SUVmax were 6.6 (1–17.9) and 4.2 (1–13.9), respectively. Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST)-based measurements demonstrated an average change in tumor burden of 0.2% (−32.7% to 35.9%) at 8 weeks. Relative change in average SUVmax was the best predictor of change in tumor burden (all evaluable P = 0.01; clear cell subtype P = 0.02), with modest correlation. Baseline average SUVmax was correlated with overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.023; 0.020), but not with change in tumor burden. Everolimus therapy decreased SUVs on follow-up PET scans in mRCC patients, but changes were only modestly correlated with changes in tumor size. Thus, clinical use of FDG-PET-based biomarkers is challenged by high variability. In this phase II trial, FDG-PET was explored as a predictive biomarker for response to everolimus (mTOR inhibition) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Everolimus therapy decreased SUVs on follow-up FDG-PET scans in these patients. SUV changes were modestly correlated with changes in tumor size and baseline average SUVmax values were correlated with overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Chen
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
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47
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Baca SC, Prandi D, Lawrence MS, Mosquera JM, Romanel A, Drier Y, Park K, Kitabayashi N, MacDonald TY, Ghandi M, Van Allen E, Kryukov GV, Sboner A, Theurillat JP, Soong TD, Nickerson E, Auclair D, Tewari A, Beltran H, Onofrio RC, Boysen G, Guiducci C, Barbieri CE, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Carter SL, Saksena G, Voet D, Ramos AH, Winckler W, Cipicchio M, Ardlie K, Kantoff PW, Berger MF, Gabriel SB, Golub TR, Meyerson M, Lander ES, Elemento O, Getz G, Demichelis F, Rubin MA, Garraway LA. Punctuated evolution of prostate cancer genomes. Cell 2013; 153:666-77. [PMID: 23622249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 925] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of exonic DNA from prostate cancers has identified recurrently mutated genes, but the spectrum of genome-wide alterations has not been profiled extensively in this disease. We sequenced the genomes of 57 prostate tumors and matched normal tissues to characterize somatic alterations and to study how they accumulate during oncogenesis and progression. By modeling the genesis of genomic rearrangements, we identified abundant DNA translocations and deletions that arise in a highly interdependent manner. This phenomenon, which we term "chromoplexy," frequently accounts for the dysregulation of prostate cancer genes and appears to disrupt multiple cancer genes coordinately. Our modeling suggests that chromoplexy may induce considerable genomic derangement over relatively few events in prostate cancer and other neoplasms, supporting a model of punctuated cancer evolution. By characterizing the clonal hierarchy of genomic lesions in prostate tumors, we charted a path of oncogenic events along which chromoplexy may drive prostate carcinogenesis.
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48
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The genomic landscape of prostate cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10822-51. [PMID: 23708091 PMCID: PMC3709705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140610822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By the age of 80, approximately 80% of men will manifest some cancerous cells within their prostate, indicating that prostate cancer constitutes a major health burden. While this disease is clinically insignificant in most men, it can become lethal in others. The most challenging task for clinicians is developing a patient-tailored treatment in the knowledge that this disease is highly heterogeneous and that relatively little adequate prognostic tools are available to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease. Next-generation sequencing allows a description of the cancer at an unprecedented level of detail and at different levels, going from whole genome or exome sequencing to transcriptome analysis and methylation-specific immunoprecipitation, followed by sequencing. Integration of all these data is leading to a better understanding of the initiation, progression and metastatic processes of prostate cancer. Ultimately, these insights will result in a better and more personalized treatment of patients suffering from prostate cancer. The present review summarizes current knowledge on copy number changes, gene fusions, single nucleotide mutations and polymorphisms, methylation, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs obtained from high-throughput studies.
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49
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Schoenborn JR, Nelson P, Fang M. Genomic profiling defines subtypes of prostate cancer with the potential for therapeutic stratification. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4058-66. [PMID: 23704282 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable variation in prostate cancer clinical behavior represents an opportunity to identify and understand molecular features that can be used to stratify patients into clinical subgroups for more precise outcome prediction and treatment selection. Significant progress has been made in recent years in establishing the composition of genomic and epigenetic alterations in localized and advanced prostate cancers using array-based technologies and next-generation sequencing approaches. The results of these efforts shed new light on our understanding of this disease and point to subclasses of prostate cancer that exhibit distinct vulnerabilities to therapeutics. The goal of this review is to categorize the genomic data and, where available, corresponding expression, functional, or related therapeutic information, from recent large-scale and in-depth studies that show a new appreciation for the molecular complexity of this disease. We focus on how these results inform our growing understanding of the mechanisms that promote genetic instability, as well as routes by which specific genes and biologic pathways may serve as biomarkers or potential targets for new therapies. We summarize data that indicate the presence of genetic subgroups of prostate cancers and show the high level of intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, as well as updated information on disseminated and circulating tumor cells. The integrated analysis of all types of genetic alterations that culminate in altering critical biologic pathways may serve as the impetus for developing new therapeutics, repurposing agents used currently for treating other malignancies, and stratifying early and advanced prostate cancers for appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Schoenborn
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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50
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Barbieri CE, Bangma CH, Bjartell A, Catto JWF, Culig Z, Grönberg H, Luo J, Visakorpi T, Rubin MA. The mutational landscape of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2013; 64:567-76. [PMID: 23759327 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically heterogeneous disease with marked variability in patient outcomes. Molecular characterization has revealed striking mutational heterogeneity that may underlie the variable clinical course of the disease. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discuss the common genomic alterations that form the molecular basis of PCa, their functional significance, and the potential to translate this knowledge into patient care. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We reviewed the relevant literature, with a particular focus on recent studies on somatic alterations in PCa. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Advances in sequencing technology have resulted in an explosion of data regarding the mutational events underlying the development and progression of PCa. Heterogeneity is the norm; few abnormalities in specific genes are highly recurrent, but alterations in certain signaling pathways do predominate. These alterations include those in pathways known to affect tumorigenesis in a wide spectrum of tissues, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphatase and tensin homolog/Akt pathway, cell cycle regulation, and chromatin regulation. Alterations more specific to PCa are also observed, particularly gene fusions of ETS transcription factors and alterations in androgen signaling. Mounting data suggest that PCa can be subdivided based on a molecular profile of genetic alterations. CONCLUSIONS Major advances have been made in cataloging the genomic alterations in PCa and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. These findings raise the possibility that PCa could soon transition from being a poorly understood, heterogeneous disease with a variable clinical course to being a collection of homogenous subtypes identifiable by molecular criteria, associated with distinct risk profiles, and perhaps amenable to specific management strategies or targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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