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Zhao Y, Xing C, Peng H. ALYREF (Aly/REF export factor): A potential biomarker for predicting cancer occurrence and therapeutic efficacy. Life Sci 2024; 338:122372. [PMID: 38135116 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
5-Methylcytosine (m5C) methylation is present in almost all types of RNA as an essential epigenetic modification. It is dynamically modulated by its associated enzymes, including m5C methyltransferases (NSUN, DNMT and TRDMT family members), demethylases (TET family and ALKBH1) and binding proteins (YTHDF2, ALYREF and YBX1). Among them, aberrant expression of the RNA-binding protein ALYREF can facilitate a variety of malignant phenotypes such as maintenance of proliferation, malignant heterogeneity, metastasis, and drug resistance to cell death through different regulatory mechanisms, including pre-mRNA processing, mRNA stability, and nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling. The induction of these cellular processes by ALYREF results in treatment resistance and poor outcomes for patients. However, there are currently few reports of clinical applications or drug trials related to ALYREF. In addition, the looming observations on the role of ALYREF in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and disease prognosis have triggered considerable interest, but critical evidence is not available. For example, animal experiments and ALYREF small molecule inhibitor trials. In this review, we, therefore, revisit the literature on ALYREF and highlight its importance as a prognostic biomarker for early prevention and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Cheng Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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2
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Mlakar V, Dupanloup I, Gonzales F, Papangelopoulou D, Ansari M, Gumy-Pause F. 17q Gain in Neuroblastoma: A Review of Clinical and Biological Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:338. [PMID: 38254827 PMCID: PMC10814316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent extracranial solid childhood tumor. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of this disease, the prognosis in cases of high-risk NB is still poor. 17q gain has been shown to be the most frequent genomic alteration in NB. However, the significance of this remains unclear because of its high frequency and association with other genetic modifications, particularly segmental chromosomal aberrations, 1p and 11q deletions, and MYCN amplification, all of which are also associated with a poor clinical prognosis. This work reviewed the evidence on the clinical and biological significance of 17q gain. It strongly supports the significance of 17q gain in the development of NB and its importance as a clinically relevant marker. However, it is crucial to distinguish between whole and partial chromosome 17q gains. The most important breakpoints appear to be at 17q12 and 17q21. The former distinguishes between whole and partial chromosome 17q gain; the latter is a site of IGF2BP1 and NME1 genes that appear to be the main oncogenes responsible for the functional effects of 17q gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Mlakar
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
| | - Isabelle Dupanloup
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Amphipôle, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Gonzales
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Danai Papangelopoulou
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Ansari
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Ahmad MH, Ghosh B, Rizvi MA, Ali M, Kaur L, Mondal AC. Neural crest cells development and neuroblastoma progression: Role of Wnt signaling. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:306-328. [PMID: 36502519 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common heterogeneous extracranial cancers in infancy that arises from neural crest (NC) cells of the sympathetic nervous system. The Wnt signaling pathway, both canonical and noncanonical pathway, is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the development and differentiation of the NC cells during embryogenesis. Reports suggest that aberrant activation of Wnt ligands/receptors in Wnt signaling pathways promote progression and relapse of NB. Wnt signaling pathways regulate NC induction and migration in a similar manner; it regulates proliferation and metastasis of NB. Inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway or its ligands/receptors induces apoptosis and abrogates proliferation and tumorigenicity in all major types of NB cells. Here, we comprehensively discuss the Wnt signaling pathway and its mechanisms in regulating the development of NC and NB pathogenesis. This review highlights the implications of aberrant Wnt signaling in the context of etiology, progression, and relapse of NB. We have also described emerging strategies for Wnt-based therapies against the progression of NB that will provide new insights into the development of Wnt-based therapeutic strategies for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Hilal Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Midnapore Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal, Medinipur, India
| | - Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali
- School of Life Sciences, Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Loveleena Kaur
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Srinagar, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Kańduła MM, Aldoshin AD, Singh S, Kolaczyk ED, Kreil D. ViLoN-a multi-layer network approach to data integration demonstrated for patient stratification. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:e6. [PMID: 36395816 PMCID: PMC9841426 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With more and more data being collected, modern network representations exploit the complementary nature of different data sources as well as similarities across patients. We here introduce the Variation of information fused Layers of Networks algorithm (ViLoN), a novel network-based approach for the integration of multiple molecular profiles. As a key innovation, it directly incorporates prior functional knowledge (KEGG, GO). In the constructed network of patients, patients are represented by networks of pathways, comprising genes that are linked by common functions and joint regulation in the disease. Patient stratification remains a key challenge both in the clinic and for research on disease mechanisms and treatments. We thus validated ViLoN for patient stratification on multiple data type combinations (gene expression, methylation, copy number), showing substantial improvements and consistently competitive performance for all. Notably, the incorporation of prior functional knowledge was critical for good results in the smaller cohorts (rectum adenocarcinoma: 90, esophageal carcinoma: 180), where alternative methods failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Kańduła
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Boku University Vienna, Austria,Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Swati Singh
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Boku University Vienna, Austria,Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Eric D Kolaczyk
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Eric D. Kolaczyk. Tel: +1 514 398 3805;
| | - David P Kreil
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +43 1 47654 79009;
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Rozen EJ, Shohet JM. Systematic review of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily in neuroblastoma pathophysiology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:33-52. [PMID: 34716856 PMCID: PMC8924100 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a devastating disease accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Yet, our understanding of key molecular drivers such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in this pathology remains poorly clarified. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the RTK superfamily in the context of neuroblastoma pathogenesis. METHODS Statistical correlations for all RTK family members' expression to neuroblastoma patient survival across 10 independent patient cohorts were annotated, synthesized, and ranked using the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform. Gene expression of selected members across different cancer cell lines was further analyzed in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, part of the Cancer Dependency Map portal (depmap portal ( http://depmap.org )). Finally, we provide a detailed literature review for highly ranked candidates. RESULTS Our analysis defined two subsets of RTKs showing robust associations with either better or worse survival, constituting potential novel players in neuroblastoma pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy. We review the available literature regarding the oncogenic functions of these RTKs, their roles in neuroblastoma pathophysiology, and potential utility as therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic analysis and review of the RTK superfamily in neuroblastoma pathogenesis provides a new resource to guide the research community towards focused efforts investigating signaling pathways that contribute to neuroblastoma tumor establishment, growth, and/or aggressiveness and targeting these druggable molecules in novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Javier Rozen
- Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Lazare Research Building LRB603, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Jason Matthew Shohet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Lazare Research Building LRB603, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Milosevic J, Treis D, Fransson S, Gallo-Oller G, Sveinbjörnsson B, Eissler N, Tanino K, Sakaguchi K, Martinsson T, Wickström M, Kogner P, Johnsen JI. PPM1D Is a Therapeutic Target in Childhood Neural Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236042. [PMID: 34885154 PMCID: PMC8657050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma are childhood tumors of the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system, respectively. These are the most common and deadly tumors of childhood. A common genetic feature of medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma is frequent segmental gain or amplification of chromosome 17q. Located on chromosome 17q23.2 is PPM1D which encodes WIP1, a phosphatase that acts as a regulator of p53 and DNA repair. Overexpression of WIP1 correlates with poor patient prognosis. We investigated the effects of genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of WIP1 activity and found that medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma cells were strongly dependent on WIP1 expression for survival. We also tested a number of small molecule inhibitors of WIP1 and show that SL-176 was the most effective compound suppressing the growth of medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Abstract Childhood medulloblastoma and high-risk neuroblastoma frequently present with segmental gain of chromosome 17q corresponding to aggressive tumors and poor patient prognosis. Located within the 17q-gained chromosomal segments is PPM1D at chromosome 17q23.2. PPM1D encodes a serine/threonine phosphatase, WIP1, that is a negative regulator of p53 activity as well as key proteins involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair and apoptosis. Here, we show that the level of PPM1D expression correlates with chromosome 17q gain in medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma cells, and both medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma cells are highly dependent on PPM1D expression for survival. Comparison of different inhibitors of WIP1 showed that SL-176 was the most potent compound inhibiting medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma growth and had similar or more potent effects on cell survival than the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3 or the p53 activator RITA. SL-176 monotherapy significantly suppressed the growth of established medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma xenografts in nude mice. These results suggest that the development of clinically applicable compounds inhibiting the activity of WIP1 is of importance since PPM1D activating mutations, genetic gain or amplifications and/or overexpression of WIP1 are frequently detected in several different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milosevic
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.T.); (G.G.-O.); (B.S.); (N.E.) (M.W.); (P.K.)
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.I.J.)
| | - Diana Treis
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.T.); (G.G.-O.); (B.S.); (N.E.) (M.W.); (P.K.)
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (S.F.); (T.M.)
| | - Gabriel Gallo-Oller
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.T.); (G.G.-O.); (B.S.); (N.E.) (M.W.); (P.K.)
| | - Baldur Sveinbjörnsson
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.T.); (G.G.-O.); (B.S.); (N.E.) (M.W.); (P.K.)
| | - Nina Eissler
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.T.); (G.G.-O.); (B.S.); (N.E.) (M.W.); (P.K.)
| | - Keiji Tanino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
| | - Kazuyasu Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (S.F.); (T.M.)
| | - Malin Wickström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.T.); (G.G.-O.); (B.S.); (N.E.) (M.W.); (P.K.)
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.T.); (G.G.-O.); (B.S.); (N.E.) (M.W.); (P.K.)
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.T.); (G.G.-O.); (B.S.); (N.E.) (M.W.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.I.J.)
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NTRK1/TrkA Signaling in Neuroblastoma Cells Induces Nuclear Reorganization and Intra-Nuclear Aggregation of Lamin A/C. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215293. [PMID: 34771457 PMCID: PMC8582546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for 15% of all cancer-related deaths of children. While the amplification of the Myc-N proto-oncogene (MYCN) is a major driver of aggressive NB, the expression of the neurotrophin receptor, NTRK1/TrkA, has been shown to be associated with an excellent outcome. MYCN downregulates NTRK1 expression, but it is unknown if the molecular effects of NTRK1 signaling also affect MYCN-induced networks. The aim of this study was to decipher NTRK1 signaling using an unbiased proteome and phosphoproteome approach. To this end, we realized inducible ectopic NTRK1 expression in a NB cell line with MYCN amplification and analyzed the proteomic changes upon NTRK1 activation in a time-dependent manner. In line with the phenotypes observed, NTRK1 activation induced markers of neuronal differentiation and cell cycle arrest. Most prominently, NTRK1 upregulated the expression and phosphorylation of the nuclear lamina component Lamin A/C. Moreover, NTRK1 signaling also induced the aggregation of LMNA within nucleic foci, which accompanies differentiation in other cell types. Abstract (1) Background: Neuroblastomas (NBs) are the most common extracranial solid tumors of children. The amplification of the Myc-N proto-oncogene (MYCN) is a major driver of NB aggressiveness, while high expression of the neurotrophin receptor NTRK1/TrkA is associated with mild disease courses. The molecular effects of NTRK1 signaling in MYCN-amplified NB, however, are still poorly understood and require elucidation. (2) Methods: Inducible NTRK1 expression was realized in four NB cell lines with (IMR5, NGP) or without MYCN amplification (SKNAS, SH-SY5Y). Proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics upon NTRK1 activation by its ligand, NGF, were analyzed in a time-dependent manner in IMR5 cells. Target validation by immunofluorescence staining and automated image processing was performed using the three other NB cell lines. (3) Results: In total, 230 proteins and 134 single phosphorylated class I phosphosites were found to be significantly regulated upon NTRK1 activation. Among known NTRK1 targets, Stathmin and the neurosecretory protein VGF were recovered. Additionally, we observed the upregulation and phosphorylation of Lamin A/C (LMNA) that accumulated inside nuclear foci. (4) Conclusions: We provide a comprehensive picture of NTRK1-induced proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics. The phosphorylation of LMNA within nucleic aggregates was identified as a prominent feature of NTRK1 signaling independent of the MYCN status of NB cells.
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Kim E, Lee B, Lee JW, Sung KW, Kim JS. Comparison of Next-Generation Sequencing and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Detection of Segmental Chromosomal Aberrations in Neuroblastoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091702. [PMID: 34574043 PMCID: PMC8465051 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare next-generation sequencing (NGS) with the traditional fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for detecting segmental chromosomal aberrations (SCAs) such as 1p deletion, 11q deletion and 17q gain, which are well-known predictive markers for adverse outcome in neuroblastoma. The tumor tissue obtained from 35 patients with neuroblastoma was tested by FISH and targeted NGS, which is specially designed to detect copy number alterations across the entire chromosomal region in addition to mutations in 353 cancer-related genes. All chromosomal copy number alterations were analyzed using the copy number variation plot derived from targeted NGS. FISH was performed to detect 1p deletion, 11q deletion and 17q gain. The copy numbers of 1p, 11q, and 17q obtained via NGS were correlated with those acquired via FISH. The SCAs determined by NGS were matched with those by FISH. Most 17q gain of mismatched cases detected by NGS alone showed a subsegmental gain of 17q. FISH revealed 11q deletion and 17q gain in a few tumor cells of two cases, which were not detected by NGS. NGS can be a sensitive complementary and alternative method to the conventional FISH for detecting SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eojin Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (E.K.); (B.L.)
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (E.K.); (B.L.)
- Samsung Genome Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.W.L.); (J.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-0659 (J.W.L.); +82-2-3410-2767 (J.-S.K.)
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (E.K.); (B.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.L.); (J.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-0659 (J.W.L.); +82-2-3410-2767 (J.-S.K.)
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Nagy Z, Seneviratne JA, Kanikevich M, Chang W, Mayoh C, Venkat P, Du Y, Jiang C, Salib A, Koach J, Carter DR, Mittra R, Liu T, Parker MW, Cheung BB, Marshall GM. An ALYREF-MYCN coactivator complex drives neuroblastoma tumorigenesis through effects on USP3 and MYCN stability. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1881. [PMID: 33767157 PMCID: PMC7994381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve the very high oncoprotein levels required to drive the malignant state cancer cells utilise the ubiquitin proteasome system to upregulate transcription factor levels. Here our analyses identify ALYREF, expressed from the most common genetic copy number variation in neuroblastoma, chromosome 17q21-ter gain as a key regulator of MYCN protein turnover. We show strong co-operativity between ALYREF and MYCN from transgenic models of neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo. The two proteins form a nuclear coactivator complex which stimulates transcription of the ubiquitin specific peptidase 3, USP3. We show that increased USP3 levels reduce K-48- and K-63-linked ubiquitination of MYCN, thus driving up MYCN protein stability. In the MYCN-ALYREF-USP3 signal, ALYREF is required for MYCN effects on the malignant phenotype and that of USP3 on MYCN stability. This data defines a MYCN oncoprotein dependency state which provides a rationale for future pharmacological studies. Neuroblastoma (NB) is often driven by MYCN amplification. Here, the authors show that the most frequent genetic lesion, gain of 17q21-ter in NB leads to overexpression of ALYREF, which forms a complex with MYCN, regulating MYCN stability via the deubiquitinating enzyme, USP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Nagy
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Janith A Seneviratne
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maxwell Kanikevich
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William Chang
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Pooja Venkat
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanhua Du
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alice Salib
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Koach
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rituparna Mittra
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia. .,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia. .,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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Aschero R, Francis JH, Ganiewich D, Gomez-Gonzalez S, Sampor C, Zugbi S, Ottaviani D, Lemelle L, Mena M, Winter U, Correa Llano G, Lamas G, Lubieniecki F, Szijan I, Mora J, Podhajcer O, Doz F, Radvanyi F, Abramson DH, Llera AS, Schaiquevich PS, Lavarino C, Chantada GL. Recurrent Somatic Chromosomal Abnormalities in Relapsed Extraocular Retinoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040673. [PMID: 33567541 PMCID: PMC7915502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Relapse outside the eye of retinoblastoma (the most common eye cancer in children) is an uncommon event in developed countries, however it is the main cause of death in patients with retinoblastoma worldwide. The genomic features of this population are not known. We studied 23 cases from four countries and found a characteristic pattern in chromosomal copy number alterations that could help guide future clinical management of these patients. Abstract Most reports about copy number alterations (CNA) in retinoblastoma relate to patients with intraocular disease and features of children with extraocular relapse remain unknown, so we aimed to describe the CNA in this population. We evaluated 23 patients and 27 specimens from 4 centers. Seventeen cases had extraocular relapse after initial enucleation and six cases after an initial preservation attempt. We performed an analysis of CNA and BCOR gene alteration by SNP array (Single Nucleotide Polymorfism array), whole-exome sequencing, IMPACT panel and CGH array (Array-based comparative genomic hybridization). All cases presented CNA at a higher prevalence than those reported in previously published studies for intraocular cases. CNA previously reported for intraocular retinoblastoma were found at a high frequency in our cohort: gains in 1q (69.5%), 2p (60.9%) and 6p (86.9%), and 16q loss (78.2%). Other, previously less-recognized, CNA were found including loss of 11q (34.8%), gain of 17q (56.5%), loss of 19q (30.4%) and BCOR alterations were present in 72.7% of our cases. A high number of CNA including 11q deletions, 17q gains, 19q loss, and BCOR alterations, are more common in extraocular retinoblastoma. Identification of these features may be correlated with a more aggressive tumor warranting consideration for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Aschero
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina; (R.A.); (U.W.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Jasmine H. Francis
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.H.F.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Daiana Ganiewich
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina;
| | - Soledad Gomez-Gonzalez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Sampor
- Hematology-Oncology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina;
| | - Santiago Zugbi
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina;
| | - Daniela Ottaviani
- University of Paris and Institut Curie (SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Reserach in pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France; (D.O.); (L.L.); (F.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Lauriane Lemelle
- University of Paris and Institut Curie (SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Reserach in pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France; (D.O.); (L.L.); (F.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Marcela Mena
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina;
| | - Ursula Winter
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina; (R.A.); (U.W.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Genoveva Correa Llano
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gabriela Lamas
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina; (R.A.); (U.W.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabiana Lubieniecki
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina; (R.A.); (U.W.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Irene Szijan
- Genetic and Molecular Biology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina;
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Osvaldo Podhajcer
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina;
| | - François Doz
- University of Paris and Institut Curie (SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Reserach in pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France; (D.O.); (L.L.); (F.D.); (F.R.)
| | - François Radvanyi
- University of Paris and Institut Curie (SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Reserach in pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France; (D.O.); (L.L.); (F.D.); (F.R.)
| | - David H. Abramson
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.H.F.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Andrea S. Llera
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina;
| | - Paula S. Schaiquevich
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina;
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Guillermo L. Chantada
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Szewczyk K. Typical numerical alterations in genome identified by array CGH analysis in neuroblastoma tumors. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2021019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract><sec>
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>The clinical variability in the course of neuroblastoma (NB) is closely linked to diverse genetic changes acquired by tumor cells. Rapid NB progression is associated with oncogene MYCN amplification (MNA) and segmental chromosomal aberrations (SCA). Alternatively, numerical chromosomal alterations (NCA) have positive impact on treatment. So far, no studies have been undertaken to identify NCA that may group NB patients. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify NCA typical for NB.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Materials and methods</title>
<p>Copy number alterations in NB tumor genome (fresh samples N = 94; formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens N = 66) were analyzed with a pangenomic array CGH technique.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>The profile with NCA was observed in 72 (45%) cases, NCA+SCA in 37 (23%), normal in 35 (22%) and MNA in 16 (10%). Samples with NCA were characterized by whole chromosome gains: 17, 7, 6 (78%, 65%, 51%, respectively) and copy loss of chromosome 14 (57%). Similarly to NCA, patients with a combined NCA and SCA profile were also characterized by gain of whole chromosome 17 and 7 (35% both) and loss of chromosome 14 (38%), but with lower frequency. In the combined NCA and SCA profiles, typical NB changes such as deletion 1p36 (27%) and gain 17q (41%) were observed, as well as deletion 11q (24%). The same alterations were detected in MNA samples (44%, 44%, 19%, respectively). A difference was found in spanning 11q deletion between MNA and NCA+SCA subgroup, which may suggest new prognostic markers in NB. In MNA subgroup specific NCA was not indicated.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The hypothesis that NCA in NB tumors are more frequent in younger children with good prognosis was confirmed. To gain new insights into the pathogenesis of NB and to establish molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy, candidate genes in the altered chromosomal regions must be investigated.</p>
</sec></abstract>
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12
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Juan Ribelles A, Gargallo P, Ferriol C, Segura V, Yáñez Y, Juan B, Cañada AJ, Font de Mora J, Cañete A, Castel V. Distribution of segmental chromosomal alterations in neuroblastoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:1096-1104. [PMID: 32948984 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous tumor with extremely diverse prognosis according to clinical and genetic factors such as specific combinations of chromosomal imbalances. METHODS Molecular karyotyping data from a national neuroblastic tumor database of 155 NB samples were analyzed and related to clinical data. RESULTS Segmental chromosomal alterations (SCA) were detected in 102 NB, whereas 45 only displayed numerical alterations. Incidence of SCA was higher in stage M (92%) and MYCN amplified (MNA) NB (96%). Presence of SCA was associated with older age, especially 1q gain and 3p deletion. 96% of the deaths were observed in the SCA group and 85% of the relapsed NB contained SCA. The alteration most commonly associated with a higher number of other segmental rearrangements was 11q deletion, followed by 4p deletion. Whole-chromosome 19 gain was associated with lower stages, absence of SCA and better outcome. CONCLUSIONS SCA are not randomly distributed and are concentrated on recurrent chromosomes. The most frequently affected chromosomes identify prognostic factors in specific risk groups. SCA are associated with older age and MNA. We have identified a small subset of patients with better outcome that share whole-chromosome 19 numeric gain, suggesting its use as a prognostic biomarker in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Juan Ribelles
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit, Hospital U i P La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Valencia, Spain.
| | - P Gargallo
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Ferriol
- Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Segura
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Y Yáñez
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - B Juan
- Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - A J Cañada
- Biostatistics Department, Instituto de Investigación La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Font de Mora
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cañete
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit, Hospital U i P La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Castel
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Suzuki T. [Research on Analysis of Final Diagnosis and Prognostic Factors, and Development of New Therapeutic Drugs for Malignant Tumors (Especially Malignant Pediatric Tumors)]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:229-271. [PMID: 32009046 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes of treatment for malignant pediatric tumors including leukemia are improving by conventional multimodal treatment with strong chemotherapy, surgical resection, radiotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation. However, patients with advanced neuroblastoma, metastatic Ewing's sarcoma family of tumor (ESFT), and metastatic osteosarcoma continue to have an extremely poor prognosis. Therefore novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve their survival. Apoptotic cell death is a key mechanism for normal cellular homeostasis. Intact apoptotic mechanisms are pivotal for embryonic development, tissue remodeling, immune regulation, and tumor regression. Genetic aberrations disrupting programmed cell death often underpin tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Moreover, it has been suggested that apoptosis or cell differentiation proceeds to spontaneous regression in early stage neuroblastoma. Therefore apoptosis or cell differentiation is a critical event in this cancer. We extracted many compounds from natural plants (Angelica keiskei, Alpinia officiarum, Lycaria puchury-major, Brassica rapa) or synthesized cyclophane pyridine, indirubin derivatives, vitamin K3 derivatives, burchellin derivatives, and GANT61, and examined their effects on apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell cycle in neuroblastoma and ESFT cell lines compared with normal cells. Some compounds were very effective against these tumor cells. These results suggest that they may be applicable as an efficacious and safe drug for the treatment of malignant pediatric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University
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14
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Krzhizhanovskaya VV, Závodszky G, Lees MH, Dongarra JJ, Sloot PMA, Brissos S, Teixeira J. Bootstrap Bias Corrected Cross Validation Applied to Super Learning. LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7304018 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50420-5_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Super learner algorithm can be applied to combine results of multiple base learners to improve quality of predictions. The default method for verification of super learner results is by nested cross validation; however, this technique is very expensive computationally. It has been proposed by Tsamardinos et al., that nested cross validation can be replaced by resampling for tuning hyper-parameters of the learning algorithms. The main contribution of this study is to apply this idea to verification of super learner. We compare the new method with other verification methods, including nested cross validation. Tests were performed on artificial data sets of diverse size and on seven real, biomedical data sets. The resampling method, called Bootstrap Bias Correction, proved to be a reasonably precise and very cost-efficient alternative for nested cross validation.
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15
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Prajapati B, Fatma M, Fatima M, Khan MT, Sinha S, Seth PK. Identification of lncRNAs Associated With Neuroblastoma in Cross-Sectional Databases: Potential Biomarkers. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:293. [PMID: 31920530 PMCID: PMC6920248 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as an important regulatory control in biological systems. Though the field of lncRNA has been progressing rapidly, a complete understanding of the role of lncRNAs in neuroblastoma pathogenesis is still lacking. To identify the abrogated lncRNAs in primary neuroblastoma and in the metastasized as well as the relapsed form of neuroblastoma, we analyzed an RNA-seq dataset on neuroblastoma that is available online to identify the lncRNAs that could potentially be contributing to the biology of neuroblastoma. The identified lncRNAs were further scrutinized using a publicly available epigenetic dataset of neuroblastoma and a cancer database. After this cross-sectional study, we were able to identify three significant lncRNAs, CASC15, PPP1R26-AS1, and USP3-AS1, which could serve as potential biomarkers in clinical studies of neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mena Fatma
- National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
| | | | | | - Subrata Sinha
- National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India.,Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Shatara M, Xavier AC, Dombkowski A, Cukovic D, Poulik JM, Altinok D, Ge Y, Taub JW. Monozygotic twins with neuroblastoma MS have a similar molecular profile: a case of twin-to-twin metastasis. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:890-893. [PMID: 31601961 PMCID: PMC6889264 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetoplacental neuroblastoma metastasis has been postulated as a mechanism accounting for concordant cases where one twin develops a primary tumour and the second twin manifests the disease without an identifiable primary site. These tumours may originate and spread concomitantly due to the same genetic background shared by monozygotic twins. This study investigated the molecular profile of stage MS neuroblastoma presenting concomitantly in monozygotic twins. Comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) was done for each of the twin liver tumour and peripheral blood samples at diagnosis. Comparison of copy-number variation (CNV) regions revealed a set of CNVs that were common to both tumour specimens and not apparent in the blood. The CNV signature in both twins’ tumours was highly similar, suggesting a common clonal origin. Additional findings included large deletion of chromosome 10 and amplification of chromosome 17. Notably, both liver samples had amplification of a short region involving DEIN (chromosome 4q34.1). Similar CNVs strongly support a common clonal origin and metastatic spread from one twin to the other. DEIN is a long-coding RNA (IncRNA) that has been found highly expressed in stage MS neuroblastoma and is likely involved in biological processes such as cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Shatara
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Ana C Xavier
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alan Dombkowski
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Daniela Cukovic
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Janet M Poulik
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Deniz Altinok
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yubin Ge
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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JMJD6 is a tumorigenic factor and therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3319. [PMID: 31346162 PMCID: PMC6658504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 17q21-ter is commonly gained in neuroblastoma, but it is unclear which gene in the region is important for tumorigenesis. The JMJD6 gene at 17q21-ter activates gene transcription. Here we show that JMJD6 forms protein complexes with N-Myc and BRD4, and is important for E2F2, N-Myc and c-Myc transcription. Knocking down JMJD6 reduces neuroblastoma cell proliferation and survival in vitro and tumor progression in mice, and high levels of JMJD6 expression in human neuroblastoma tissues independently predict poor patient prognosis. In addition, JMJD6 gene is associated with transcriptional super-enhancers. Combination therapy with the CDK7/super-enhancer inhibitor THZ1 and the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat synergistically reduces JMJD6, E2F2, N-Myc, c-Myc expression, induces apoptosis in vitro and leads to neuroblastoma tumor regression in mice, which are significantly reversed by forced JMJD6 over-expression. Our findings therefore identify JMJD6 as a neuroblastoma tumorigenesis factor, and the combination therapy as a treatment strategy.
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Prognostic effect of whole chromosomal aberration signatures in standard-risk, non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma: a retrospective, molecular analysis of the HIT-SIOP PNET 4 trial. Lancet Oncol 2018; 19:1602-1616. [PMID: 30392813 PMCID: PMC6262170 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Most children with medulloblastoma fall within the standard-risk clinical disease group defined by absence of high-risk features (metastatic disease, large-cell/anaplastic histology, and MYC amplification), which includes 50–60% of patients and has a 5-year event-free survival of 75–85%. Within standard-risk medulloblastoma, patients in the WNT subgroup are established as having a favourable prognosis; however, outcome prediction for the remaining majority of patients is imprecise. We sought to identify novel prognostic biomarkers to enable improved risk-adapted therapies. Methods The HIT-SIOP PNET 4 trial recruited 338 patients aged 4–21 years with medulloblastoma between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2006, in 120 treatment institutions in seven European countries to investigate hyperfractionated radiotherapy versus standard radiotherapy. In this retrospective analysis, we assessed the remaining tumour samples from patients in the HIT-SIOP PNET 4 trial (n=136). We assessed the clinical behaviour of the molecularly defined WNT and SHH subgroups, and identified novel independent prognostic markers and models for standard-risk patients with non-WNT/non-SHH disease. Because of the scarcity and low quality of available genomic material, we used a mass spectrometry-minimal methylation classifier assay (MS-MIMIC) to assess methylation subgroup and a molecular inversion probe array to detect genome-wide copy number aberrations. Prognostic biomarkers and models identified were validated in an independent, demographically matched cohort (n=70) of medulloblastoma patients with non-WNT/non-SHH standard-risk disease treated with conventional therapies (maximal surgical resection followed by adjuvant craniospinal irradiation [all patients] and chemotherapy [65 of 70 patients], at UK Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group and European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE) associated treatment centres between 1990 and 2014. These samples were analysed by Illumina 450k DNA methylation microarray. HIT-SIOP PNET 4 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01351870. Findings We analysed methylation subgroup, genome-wide copy number aberrations, and mutational features in 136 assessable tumour samples from the HIT-SIOP PNET 4 cohort, representing 40% of the 338 patients in the trial cohort. This cohort of 136 samples consisted of 28 (21%) classified as WNT, 17 (13%) as SHH, and 91 (67%) as non-WNT/non-SHH (we considered Group3 and Group4 medulloblastoma together in our analysis because of their similar molecular and clinical features). Favourable outcomes for WNT tumours were confirmed in patients younger than 16 years, and all relapse events in SHH (four [24%] of 17) occurred in patients with TP53 mutation (TP53mut) or chromosome 17p loss. A novel whole chromosomal aberration signature associated with increased ploidy and multiple non-random whole chromosomal aberrations was identified in 38 (42%) of the 91 samples from patients with non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma in the HIT-SIOP PNET 4 cohort. Biomarkers associated with this whole chromosomal aberration signature (at least two of chromosome 7 gain, chromosome 8 loss, and chromosome 11 loss) predicted favourable prognosis. Patients with non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma could be reclassified by these markers as having favourable-risk or high-risk disease. In patients in the HIT-SIOP PNET4 cohort with non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma, with a median follow-up of 6·7 years (IQR 5·8–8·2), 5-year event-free survival was 100% in the favourable-risk group and 68% (95% CI 57·5–82·7; p=0·00014) in the high-risk group. In the validation cohort, with a median follow-up of 5·6 years (IQR 3·1–8·1), 5-year event-free survival was 94·7% (95% CI 85·2–100) in the favourable-risk group and 58·6% (95% CI 45·1–76·1) in the high-risk group (hazard ratio 9·41, 95% CI 1·25–70·57; p=0·029). Our comprehensive molecular investigation identified subgroup-specific risk models which allowed 69 (51%) of 134 accessible patients from the standard-risk medulloblastoma HIT-SIOP PNET 4 cohort to be assigned to a favourable-risk group. Interpretation We define a whole chromosomal signature that allows the assignment of non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma patients normally classified as standard-risk into favourable-risk and high-risk categories. In addition to patients younger than 16 years with WNT tumours, patients with non-WNT/non-SHH tumours with our defined whole chromosomal aberration signature and patients with SHH-TP53wild-type tumours should be considered for therapy de-escalation in future biomarker-driven, risk-adapted clinical trials. The remaining subgroups of patients with high-risk medulloblastoma might benefit from more intensive therapies. Funding Cancer Research UK, Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation, French Ministry of Health/French National Cancer Institute, and the German Children's Cancer Foundation.
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Polewko-Klim A, Lesiński W, Mnich K, Piliszek R, Rudnicki WR. Integration of multiple types of genetic markers for neuroblastoma may contribute to improved prediction of the overall survival. Biol Direct 2018; 13:17. [PMID: 30236139 PMCID: PMC6148774 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-018-0222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modern experimental techniques deliver data sets containing profiles of tens of thousands of potential molecular and genetic markers that can be used to improve medical diagnostics. Previous studies performed with three different experimental methods for the same set of neuroblastoma patients create opportunity to examine whether augmenting gene expression profiles with information on copy number variation can lead to improved predictions of patients survival. We propose methodology based on comprehensive cross-validation protocol, that includes feature selection within cross-validation loop and classification using machine learning. We also test dependence of results on the feature selection process using four different feature selection methods. Results The models utilising features selected based on information entropy are slightly, but significantly, better than those using features obtained with t-test. The synergy between data on genetic variation and gene expression is possible, but not confirmed. A slight, but statistically significant, increase of the predictive power of machine learning models has been observed for models built on combined data sets. It was found while using both out of bag estimate and in cross-validation performed on a single set of variables. However, the improvement was smaller and non-significant when models were built within full cross-validation procedure that included feature selection within cross-validation loop. Good correlation between performance of the models in the internal and external cross-validation was observed, confirming the robustness of the proposed protocol and results. Conclusions We have developed a protocol for building predictive machine learning models. The protocol can provide robust estimates of the model performance on unseen data. It is particularly well-suited for small data sets. We have applied this protocol to develop prognostic models for neuroblastoma, using data on copy number variation and gene expression. We have shown that combining these two sources of information may increase the quality of the models. Nevertheless, the increase is small and larger samples are required to reduce noise and bias arising due to overfitting. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Lan Hu, Tim Beissbarth and Dimitar Vassilev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Polewko-Klim
- Institute of Informatics, University of Białystok, Konstantego Ciołkowskiego 1M, Białystok, 15-245, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Lesiński
- Institute of Informatics, University of Białystok, Konstantego Ciołkowskiego 1M, Białystok, 15-245, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mnich
- Computational Centre, University of Białystok, Konstantego Ciołkowskiego 1M, Białystok, 15-245, Poland
| | - Radosław Piliszek
- Computational Centre, University of Białystok, Konstantego Ciołkowskiego 1M, Białystok, 15-245, Poland
| | - Witold R Rudnicki
- Institute of Informatics, University of Białystok, Konstantego Ciołkowskiego 1M, Białystok, 15-245, Poland.,Computational Centre, University of Białystok, Konstantego Ciołkowskiego 1M, Białystok, 15-245, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Pawlińskiego 5A, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
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20
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Tranchevent LC, Nazarov PV, Kaoma T, Schmartz GP, Muller A, Kim SY, Rajapakse JC, Azuaje F. Predicting clinical outcome of neuroblastoma patients using an integrative network-based approach. Biol Direct 2018; 13:12. [PMID: 29880025 PMCID: PMC5992838 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-018-0214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main current challenges in computational biology is to make sense of the huge amounts of multidimensional experimental data that are being produced. For instance, large cohorts of patients are often screened using different high-throughput technologies, effectively producing multiple patient-specific molecular profiles for hundreds or thousands of patients. RESULTS We propose and implement a network-based method that integrates such patient omics data into Patient Similarity Networks. Topological features derived from these networks were then used to predict relevant clinical features. As part of the 2017 CAMDA challenge, we have successfully applied this strategy to a neuroblastoma dataset, consisting of genomic and transcriptomic data. In particular, we observe that models built on our network-based approach perform at least as well as state of the art models. We furthermore explore the effectiveness of various topological features and observe, for instance, that redundant centrality metrics can be combined to build more powerful models. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the networks inferred from omics data contain clinically relevant information and that patient clinical outcomes can be predicted using only network topological data. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Yang-Yu Liu, Tomislav Smuc and Isabel Nepomuceno.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon-Charles Tranchevent
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
| | - Georges P. Schmartz
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
- Bioinformatics bachelor program, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Arnaud Muller
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
| | - Sang-Yoon Kim
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
| | - Jagath C. Rajapakse
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francisco Azuaje
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
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21
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Francescatto M, Chierici M, Rezvan Dezfooli S, Zandonà A, Jurman G, Furlanello C. Multi-omics integration for neuroblastoma clinical endpoint prediction. Biol Direct 2018; 13:5. [PMID: 29615097 PMCID: PMC5907722 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-018-0207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput methodologies such as microarrays and next-generation sequencing are routinely used in cancer research, generating complex data at different omics layers. The effective integration of omics data could provide a broader insight into the mechanisms of cancer biology, helping researchers and clinicians to develop personalized therapies. RESULTS In the context of CAMDA 2017 Neuroblastoma Data Integration challenge, we explore the use of Integrative Network Fusion (INF), a bioinformatics framework combining a similarity network fusion with machine learning for the integration of multiple omics data. We apply the INF framework for the prediction of neuroblastoma patient outcome, integrating RNA-Seq, microarray and array comparative genomic hybridization data. We additionally explore the use of autoencoders as a method to integrate microarray expression and copy number data. CONCLUSIONS The INF method is effective for the integration of multiple data sources providing compact feature signatures for patient classification with performances comparable to other methods. Latent space representation of the integrated data provided by the autoencoder approach gives promising results, both by improving classification on survival endpoints and by providing means to discover two groups of patients characterized by distinct overall survival (OS) curves. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Djork-Arné Clevert and Tieliu Shi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Chierici
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Zandonà
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Trento, 38123, Italy.,Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Trento, 38123, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Jurman
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Trento, 38123, Italy
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22
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Abstract
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS), often called "dancing eyed syndrome," is a rare neurological condition associated with neuroblastoma in the majority of all childhood cases. Genomic copy number profiles have shown to be of prognostic significance for neuroblastoma patients. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to analyze the genomic copy number profiles of tumors from children with neuroblastoma presenting with OMS at diagnosis. In 44 cases of neuroblastoma associated with OMS, overall genomic profiling by either array-comparative genomic hybridization or single nucleotide polymorphism array proved successful in 91% of the cases, distinguishing tumors harboring segmental chromosome alterations from those with numerical chromosome alterations only. A total of 23/44 (52%) tumors showed an segmental chromosome alterations genomic profile, 16/44 (36%) an numerical chromosome alterations genomic profile, and 1 case displayed an atypical profile (12q amplicon). No recurrently small interstitial copy number alterations were identified. With no tumor relapse nor disease-related deaths, the overall genomic profile was not of prognostic impact with regard to the oncological outcome in this series of patients. Thus, the observation of an excellent oncological outcome, even for those with an unfavorable genomic profile of neuroblastoma, supports the hypothesis that an immune response might be involved in tumor control in these patients with OMS.
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23
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Costa RA, Seuánez HN. Investigation of major genetic alterations in neuroblastoma. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:287-295. [PMID: 29455316 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. This malignancy shows a wide spectrum of clinical outcome and its prognosis is conditioned by manifold biological and genetic factors. We investigated the tumor genetic profile and clinical data of 29 patients with NB by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to assess therapeutic risk. In 18 of these tumors, MYCN status was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Copy number variation was also determined for confirming MLPA findings in two 6p loci. We found 2p, 7q and 17q gains, and 1p and 11q losses as the most frequent chromosome alterations in this cohort. FISH confirmed all cases of MYCN amplification detected by MLPA. In view of unexpected 6p imbalance, copy number variation of two 6p loci was assessed for validating MLPA findings. Based on clinical data and genetic profiles, patients were stratified in pretreatment risk groups according to international consensus. MLPA proved to be effective for detecting multiple genetic alterations in all chromosome regions as requested by the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) for therapeutic stratification. Moreover, this technique proved to be cost effective, reliable, only requiring standard PCR equipment, and attractive for routine analysis. However, the observed 6p imbalances made PKHD1 and DCDC2 inadequate for control loci. This must be considered when designing commercial MLPA kits for NB. Finally, four patients showed a normal MLPA profile, suggesting that NB might have a more complex genetic pattern than the one assessed by presently available MLPA kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Afonso Costa
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Héctor N Seuánez
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil. .,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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24
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Rosswog C, Schmidt R, Oberthuer A, Juraeva D, Brors B, Engesser A, Kahlert Y, Volland R, Bartenhagen C, Simon T, Berthold F, Hero B, Faldum A, Fischer M. Molecular Classification Substitutes for the Prognostic Variables Stage, Age, and MYCN Status in Neuroblastoma Risk Assessment. Neoplasia 2017; 19:982-990. [PMID: 29091799 PMCID: PMC5678736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current risk stratification systems for neuroblastoma patients consider clinical, histopathological, and genetic variables, and additional prognostic markers have been proposed in recent years. We here sought to select highly informative covariates in a multistep strategy based on consecutive Cox regression models, resulting in a risk score that integrates hazard ratios of prognostic variables. METHODS: A cohort of 695 neuroblastoma patients was divided into a discovery set (n = 75) for multigene predictor generation, a training set (n = 411) for risk score development, and a validation set (n = 209). Relevant prognostic variables were identified by stepwise multivariable L1-penalized least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression, followed by backward selection in multivariable Cox regression, and then integrated into a novel risk score. RESULTS: The variables stage, age, MYCN status, and two multigene predictors, NB-th24 and NB-th44, were selected as independent prognostic markers by LASSO Cox regression analysis. Following backward selection, only the multigene predictors were retained in the final model. Integration of these classifiers in a risk scoring system distinguished three patient subgroups that differed substantially in their outcome. The scoring system discriminated patients with diverging outcome in the validation cohort (5-year event-free survival, 84.9 ± 3.4 vs 63.6 ± 14.5 vs 31.0 ± 5.4; P < .001), and its prognostic value was validated by multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: We here propose a translational strategy for developing risk assessment systems based on hazard ratios of relevant prognostic variables. Our final neuroblastoma risk score comprised two multigene predictors only, supporting the notion that molecular properties of the tumor cells strongly impact clinical courses of neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rosswog
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rene Schmidt
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Schmeddingstrasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - André Oberthuer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dilafruz Juraeva
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Berliner Strasse 41, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Berliner Strasse 41, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Engesser
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kahlert
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Volland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Bartenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Simon
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Berthold
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Hero
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Faldum
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Schmeddingstrasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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25
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Ahmed AA, Zhang L, Reddivalla N, Hetherington M. Neuroblastoma in children: Update on clinicopathologic and genetic prognostic factors. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017; 34:165-185. [PMID: 28662353 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2017.1330375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood accounting for 8-10% of all childhood malignancies. The tumor is characterized by a spectrum of histopathologic features and a heterogeneous clinical phenotype. Modern multimodality therapy results in variable clinical response ranging from cure in localized tumors to limited response in aggressive metastatic disease. Accurate clinical staging and risk assessment based on clinical, surgical, biologic and pathologic criteria are of pivotal importance in assigning prognosis and planning effective treatment approaches. Numerous studies have analyzed the presence of several clinicopathologic and biologic factors in association with the patient's prognosis and outcome. Although patient's age, tumor stage, histopathologic classification, and MYCN amplification are the most commonly validated prognostic markers, several new gene mutations have been identified in sporadic and familial neuroblastoma cases that show association with an adverse outcome. Novel molecular studies have also added data on chromosomal segmental aberrations in MYCN nonamplified tumors. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the clinical, serologic and genetic prognostic indicators in neuroblastoma including classic factors that have consistently played a role in risk stratification of patients as well as newly discovered biomarkers that may show a potential significance in patients' management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif A Ahmed
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Children's Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri , Kansas City , Missouri , USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Children's Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri , Kansas City , Missouri , USA
| | - Naresh Reddivalla
- b Department of Hematology-Oncology , Children's Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri , Kansas City , Missouri , USA
| | - Maxine Hetherington
- b Department of Hematology-Oncology , Children's Mercy Hospital/University of Missouri , Kansas City , Missouri , USA
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26
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Powers JT, Tsanov KM, Pearson DS, Roels F, Spina CS, Ebright R, Seligson M, de Soysa Y, Cahan P, Theiβen J, Tu HC, Han A, Kurek KC, LaPier GS, Osborne JK, Ross SJ, Cesana M, Collins JJ, Berthold F, Daley GQ. Multiple mechanisms disrupt the let-7 microRNA family in neuroblastoma. Nature 2016; 535:246-51. [PMID: 27383785 PMCID: PMC4947006 DOI: 10.1038/nature18632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poor prognosis in neuroblastoma is associated with genetic amplification of MYCN. MYCN is itself a target of let-7, a tumour suppressor family of microRNAs implicated in numerous cancers. LIN28B, an inhibitor of let-7 biogenesis, is overexpressed in neuroblastoma and has been reported to regulate MYCN. Here we show, however, that LIN28B is dispensable in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines, despite de-repression of let-7. We further demonstrate that MYCN messenger RNA levels in amplified disease are exceptionally high and sufficient to sponge let-7, which reconciles the dispensability of LIN28B. We found that genetic loss of let-7 is common in neuroblastoma, inversely associated with MYCN amplification, and independently associated with poor outcomes, providing a rationale for chromosomal loss patterns in neuroblastoma. We propose that let-7 disruption by LIN28B, MYCN sponging, or genetic loss is a unifying mechanism of neuroblastoma development with broad implications for cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Powers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaloyan M Tsanov
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel S Pearson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frederik Roels
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Koln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Catherine S Spina
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard Ebright
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marc Seligson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yvanka de Soysa
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Theiβen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Koln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Areum Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyle C Kurek
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Grace S LaPier
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jihan K Osborne
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha J Ross
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcella Cesana
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank Berthold
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Koln, Cologne, Germany
| | - George Q Daley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a disease that affects infants and despite intense multimodal therapy, high-risk patients have low survival rates (<50%). In recent years long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become the cutting edge of cancer research with inroads made in understanding their roles in multiple cancer types, including prostate and breast cancers. The roles of lncRNAs in neuroblastoma have just begun to be elucidated. This review summarises where we are with regards to lncRNAs in neuroblastoma. The known mechanistic roles of lncRNAs during neuroblastoma pathogenesis are discussed, as well as the relationship between lncRNA expression and the differentiation capacity of neuroblastoma cells. We speculate about the use of some of these lncRNAs, such as those mapping to the 6p22 hotspot, as biomarkers for neuroblastoma prognosis and treatment. This novel way of thinking about both neuroblastoma and lncRNAs brings a new perspective to the prognosis and treatment of high-risk patients.
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28
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Kuzyk A, Booth S, Righolt C, Mathur S, Gartner J, Mai S. MYCN overexpression is associated with unbalanced copy number gain, altered nuclear location, and overexpression of chromosome arm 17q genes in neuroblastoma tumors and cell lines. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:616-28. [PMID: 26171843 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN amplification and MYCN overexpression are poor prognostic factors in neuroblastoma. Tumors with unbalanced chromosome arm 17q gain are often associated with MYCN amplification; however, the relationship between chromosome 17 copy number status and MYCN expression is not known. We investigated the relationship between MYCN expression and chromosome 17 copy number, nuclear location, and gene expression. By performing dual-colored fluorescence in situ hybridization on 16 primary neuroblastomas, we found that those with unbalanced gain of 17q have high MYCN expression, those with no gain have medium expression, and those with numerical gain have low expression (P < 0.0001). We also found that the nuclear location of 17q correlates with chromosome 17 copy number status: copies in tumors with unbalanced gain and no gain of chromosome 17 occupy a more central location than those in tumors with balanced gain (P < 0.0001). We show that a more central nuclear location of 17q coincides with increased expression of genes found within this chromosome arm. To further understand the association between MYCN expression and chromosome 17, we overexpressed MYCN in two low-expressing MYCN cell lines, SHEP and GIMEN. We found that both cell lines had an unbalanced gain of chromosome 17q, a more central nuclear location of the region and increased expression of the 17q genes. Therefore, this study indicates, for the first time, a functional relationship between MYCN overexpression and the gain of 17q in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kuzyk
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Samuel Booth
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Christiaan Righolt
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shubha Mathur
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - John Gartner
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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29
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Schramm A, Köster J, Assenov Y, Althoff K, Peifer M, Mahlow E, Odersky A, Beisser D, Ernst C, Henssen AG, Stephan H, Schröder C, Heukamp L, Engesser A, Kahlert Y, Theissen J, Hero B, Roels F, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Astrahantseff K, Gloeckner C, De Preter K, Plass C, Lee S, Lode HN, Henrich KO, Gartlgruber M, Speleman F, Schmezer P, Westermann F, Rahmann S, Fischer M, Eggert A, Schulte JH. Mutational dynamics between primary and relapse neuroblastomas. Nat Genet 2015; 47:872-7. [PMID: 26121086 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a malignancy of the developing sympathetic nervous system that is often lethal when relapse occurs. We here used whole-exome sequencing, mRNA expression profiling, array CGH and DNA methylation analysis to characterize 16 paired samples at diagnosis and relapse from individuals with neuroblastoma. The mutational burden significantly increased in relapsing tumors, accompanied by altered mutational signatures and reduced subclonal heterogeneity. Global allele frequencies at relapse indicated clonal mutation selection during disease progression. Promoter methylation patterns were consistent over disease course and were patient specific. Recurrent alterations at relapse included mutations in the putative CHD5 neuroblastoma tumor suppressor, chromosome 9p losses, DOCK8 mutations, inactivating mutations in PTPN14 and a relapse-specific activity pattern for the PTPN14 target YAP. Recurrent new mutations in HRAS, KRAS and genes mediating cell-cell interaction in 13 of 16 relapse tumors indicate disturbances in signaling pathways mediating mesenchymal transition. Our data shed light on genetic alteration frequency, identity and evolution in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schramm
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Köster
- Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yassen Assenov
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Althoff
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Peifer
- 1] Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [2] Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ellen Mahlow
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Odersky
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Beisser
- Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Corinna Ernst
- Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anton G Henssen
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Stephan
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Schröder
- Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Anne Engesser
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kahlert
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Theissen
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Hero
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederik Roels
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- 1] Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [2] Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- 1] Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [2] Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [3] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathy Astrahantseff
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katleen De Preter
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christoph Plass
- 1] Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sangkyun Lee
- Computer Science, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Holger N Lode
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, B087, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Gartlgruber
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, B087, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Speleman
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, B087, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Rahmann
- 1] Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. [2] Computer Science, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- 1] Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [2] Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- 1] Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany. [2] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- 1] Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. [2] Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany. [3] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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Comparative genetic study of intratumoral heterogenous MYCN amplified neuroblastoma versus aggressive genetic profile neuroblastic tumors. Oncogene 2015; 35:1423-32. [PMID: 26119945 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneous MYCN amplification (hetMNA) is an unusual event in neuroblastoma with unascertained biological and clinical implications. Diagnosis is based on the detection of MYCN amplification surrounded by non-amplified tumor cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To better define the genetic features of hetMNA tumors, we studied the Spanish cohort of neuroblastic tumors by FISH and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. We compared hetMNA tumors with homogeneous MNA (homMNA) and nonMNA tumors with 11q deletion (nonMNA w11q-). Of 1091 primary tumors, 28 were hetMNA by FISH. Intratumoral heterogeneity of 1p, 2p, 11q and 17q was closely associated with hetMNA tumors when analyzing different pieces for each case. For chromosome 2, 16 cases showed 2p intact, 4 focal gain at 2p24.3 and 8 MNA. The lengths of the smallest regions of overlap (SROs) for 2p gains and 1p deletions were between the SRO lengths observed in homMNA and nonMNA w11q- tumors. Co-occurrence of 11q- and +17q was frequently found with the largest SROs for both aberrations. The evidence for and frequency of different genetic subpopulations representing a hallmark of the hetMNA subgroup of NB indicates, on one hand, the presence of a considerable genetic instability with different SRO of either gains and losses compared with those of the other NB groups and highlights and, on the other hand, the need for multiple sampling from distant and macroscopically and microscopically distinct tumor areas. Narrowing down the different SRO for both deletions and gains in NB groups would be crucial to pinpointing the candidate gene(s) and the critical gene dosage with prognostic and therapeutic significance. This complexity of segmental chromosomal aberration patterns reinforces the necessity for a larger cohort study using FISH and pangenomic techniques to develop a suitable therapeutic strategy for these patients.
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Aminzadeh S, Vidali S, Sperl W, Kofler B, Feichtinger RG. Energy metabolism in neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor. Transl Pediatr 2015; 4:20-32. [PMID: 26835356 PMCID: PMC4729069 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2015.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To support high proliferation, the majority of cancer cells undergo fundamental metabolic changes such as increasing their glucose uptake and shifting to glycolysis for ATP production at the expense of far more efficient mitochondrial energy production by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which at first glance is a paradox. This phenomenon is known as the Warburg effect. However, enhanced glycolysis is necessary to provide building blocks for anabolic growth. Apart from the generation of ATP, intermediates of glycolysis serve as precursors for a variety of biosynthetic pathways essential for cell proliferation. In the last 10-15 years the field of tumor metabolism has experienced an enormous boom in interest. It is now well established that tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes often play a central role in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Therefore, they significantly contribute to the manifestation of the Warburg effect. While much attention has focused on adult solid tumors, so far there has been comparatively little effort directed at elucidation of the mechanism responsible for the Warburg effect in childhood cancers. In this review we focus on metabolic pathways in neuroblastoma (NB) and Wilms tumor (WT), the two most frequent solid tumors in children. Both tumor types show alterations of the OXPHOS system and glycolytic features. Chromosomal alterations and activation of oncogenes like MYC or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes like TP53 can in part explain the changes of energy metabolism in these cancers. The strict dependence of cancer cells on glucose metabolism is a fairly common feature among otherwise biologically diverse types of cancer. Therefore, inhibition of glycolysis or starvation of cancer cells through glucose deprivation via a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet may be a promising avenue for future adjuvant therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a developmental tumor of young children arising from the embryonic sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest. Neuroblastoma is the primary cause of death from pediatric cancer for children between the ages of one and five years and accounts for ∼13% of all pediatric cancer mortality. Its clinical impact and unique biology have made this aggressive malignancy the focus of a large concerted translational research effort. New insights into tumor biology are driving the development of new classification schemas. Novel targeted therapeutic approaches include small-molecule inhibitors as well as epigenetic, noncoding-RNA, and cell-based immunologic therapies. In this review, recent insights regarding the pathogenesis and biology of neuroblastoma are placed in context with the current understanding of tumor biology and tumor/host interactions. Systematic classification of patients coupled with therapeutic advances point to a future of improved clinical outcomes for this biologically distinct and highly aggressive pediatric malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystal U Louis
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; ,
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