1
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Martin KE, Hammer Q, Perica K, Sadelain M, Malmberg KJ. Engineering immune-evasive allogeneic cellular immunotherapies. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01022-8. [PMID: 38658708 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Allogeneic cellular immunotherapies hold a great promise for cancer treatment owing to their potential cost-effectiveness, scalability and on-demand availability. However, immune rejection of adoptively transferred allogeneic T and natural killer (NK) cells is a substantial obstacle to achieving clinical responses that are comparable to responses obtained with current autologous chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies. In this Perspective, we discuss strategies to confer cell-intrinsic, immune-evasive properties to allogeneic T cells and NK cells in order to prevent or delay their immune rejection, thereby widening the therapeutic window. We discuss how common viral and cancer immune escape mechanisms can serve as a blueprint for improving the persistence of off-the-shelf allogeneic cell therapies. The prospects of harnessing genome editing and synthetic biology to design cell-based precision immunotherapies extend beyond programming target specificities and require careful consideration of innate and adaptive responses in the recipient that may curtail the biodistribution, in vivo expansion and persistence of cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Martin
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karlo Perica
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Therapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Fernández S, Cereceda L, Díaz E, Figueroa S, Reguera L, Menéndez V, Solórzano JL, Montalbán C, Estévez M, García JF. Circulating tumor DNA for monitoring classic Hodgkin lymphoma patients: Correlation with FDG-PET/CT. EJHAEM 2024; 5:70-75. [PMID: 38406538 PMCID: PMC10887323 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a biomarker of disease activity in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients has not yet been well established. By profiling primary tumors and ctDNA, we identified common variants between primary tumors and longitudinal plasma samples in most of the cases, confirming high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Although ctDNA analyses mirrored HRS cell genetics overall, the prevalence of variants shows that none of them can be used as a single biomarker. Conversely, the estimation of hGE/mL, based on measures of total ctDNA, reflects disease activity and is almost perfectly correlated with standard parameters such as PET/CT that are associated with refractoriness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España S.L. MadridMadridSpain
| | - Laura Cereceda
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España S.L. MadridMadridSpain
- Pathology DepartmentMD Anderson Cancer Center MadridMadridSpain
| | - Eva Díaz
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España S.L. MadridMadridSpain
| | - Sasha Figueroa
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España S.L. MadridMadridSpain
- Pathology DepartmentMD Anderson Cancer Center MadridMadridSpain
| | - Laura Reguera
- Nuclear Medicine DepartmentMD Anderson Cancer Center MadridMadridSpain
| | - Victoria Menéndez
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España S.L. MadridMadridSpain
| | | | - Carlos Montalbán
- Hematology DepartmentMD Anderson Cancer Center MadridMadridSpain
| | - Mónica Estévez
- Hematology DepartmentMD Anderson Cancer Center MadridMadridSpain
| | - Juan F. García
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España S.L. MadridMadridSpain
- Pathology DepartmentMD Anderson Cancer Center MadridMadridSpain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC)ISCIIIMadridSpain
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3
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Miao B, Hu Z, Mezzadra R, Hoeijmakers L, Fauster A, Du S, Yang Z, Sator-Schmitt M, Engel H, Li X, Broderick C, Jin G, Gomez-Eerland R, Rozeman L, Lei X, Matsuo H, Yang C, Hofland I, Peters D, Broeks A, Laport E, Fitz A, Zhao X, Mahmoud MAA, Ma X, Sander S, Liu HK, Cui G, Gan Y, Wu W, Xiao Y, Heck AJR, Guan W, Lowe SW, Horlings HM, Wang C, Brummelkamp TR, Blank CU, Schumacher TNM, Sun C. CMTM6 shapes antitumor T cell response through modulating protein expression of CD58 and PD-L1. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1817-1828.e9. [PMID: 37683639 PMCID: PMC11113010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulated expression of immune checkpoint molecules enables cancer cells to evade immune destruction. While blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints like PD-L1 forms the basis of current cancer immunotherapies, a deficiency in costimulatory signals can render these therapies futile. CD58, a costimulatory ligand, plays a crucial role in antitumor immune responses, but the mechanisms controlling its expression remain unclear. Using two systematic approaches, we reveal that CMTM6 positively regulates CD58 expression. Notably, CMTM6 interacts with both CD58 and PD-L1, maintaining the expression of these two immune checkpoint ligands with opposing functions. Functionally, the presence of CMTM6 and CD58 on tumor cells significantly affects T cell-tumor interactions and response to PD-L1-PD-1 blockade. Collectively, these findings provide fundamental insights into CD58 regulation, uncover a shared regulator of stimulatory and inhibitory immune checkpoints, and highlight the importance of tumor-intrinsic CMTM6 and CD58 expression in antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiping Miao
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqing Hu
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Mezzadra
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lotte Hoeijmakers
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Fauster
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shangce Du
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Melanie Sator-Schmitt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helena Engel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xueshen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Caroline Broderick
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guangzhi Jin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1111, Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Raquel Gomez-Eerland
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Rozeman
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xin Lei
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hitoshi Matsuo
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen Yang
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ingrid Hofland
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Peters
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Laport
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Fitz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiyue Zhao
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed A A Mahmoud
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiujian Ma
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Molecular Neurogenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandrine Sander
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Adaptive Immunity and Lymphoma , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Molecular Neurogenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guoliang Cui
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division T Cell Metabolism, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hugo M Horlings
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian U Blank
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ton N M Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Chong Sun
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Younes S, Zhao S, Bharadwaj S, Mosquera AP, Libert D, Johnsrud A, Majzner RG, Miklos DB, Frank MJ, Natkunam Y. Detection of Aberrant CD58 Expression in a Wide Spectrum of Lymphoma Subtypes: Implications for Treatment Resistance. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100256. [PMID: 37391168 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
CD58 or lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3, is a ligand for CD2 receptors on T and NK cells and is required for their activation and target cell killing. We recently showed a trend toward higher frequency of CD58 aberrations in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who progressed on chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell treatment compared with those who responded. Given that CD58 status may be an important measure of T-cell-mediated therapy failure, we developed a CD58 immunohistochemical assay and evaluated CD58 status in 748 lymphomas. Our results show that CD58 protein expression is downregulated in a significant proportion of all subtypes of B-, T-, and NK-cell lymphomas. CD58 loss is significantly related to poor prognostic indicators in DLBCL and to ALK and DUSP22 rearrangements in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. However, it is not associated with overall or progression-free survival in any of the lymphoma subtypes. As eligibility for chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapy is being extended to a broader spectrum of lymphomas, mechanisms of resistance, such as target downregulation and CD58 loss, may limit therapeutic success. CD58 status is therefore an important biomarker in lymphoma patients who may benefit from next-generation T-cell-mediated therapies or other novel approaches that mitigate immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheren Younes
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sushma Bharadwaj
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Diane Libert
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Andrew Johnsrud
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David B Miklos
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Matthew J Frank
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yasodha Natkunam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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5
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Chohan KL, Ansell SM. SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | From Biology to Therapy: Progress in Hodgkin Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:705-713. [PMID: 37344332 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a unique lymphoid malignancy where the malignant cells comprise only 1% to 2% of the total tumor cellularity. Over the past 2 decades, the treatment of HL has evolved drastically based on the advent of novel targeted therapies. Novel agents including programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates such as brentuximab vedotin, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have served to shape the management of HL in the frontline as well as the relapsed and refractory (R/R) setting. Some of these agents have been incorporated into treatment algorithms, while others are currently under investigation demonstrating promising results. This review focuses on highlighting the underlying tumor biology forming the basis of therapeutics in HL, and reviews some of the emerging and established novel therapies.
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6
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Fernández S, Díaz E, Rita CG, Estévez M, Montalbán C, García JF. BET inhibitors induce NF-κB and E2F downregulation in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. Exp Cell Res 2023; 430:113718. [PMID: 37468057 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with relapsed and/or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) continues to be poor. Therefore, there is a continuing need to develop novel therapies and to rationalize the use of target combinations. In recent years there has been growing interest in epigenetic targets for hematological malignancies under the rationale of the presence of common alterations in epigenetic transcriptional regulation. Since Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells have frequent inactivating mutations of the CREBBP and EP300 acetyltransferases, bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors can be a rational therapy for cHL. Here we aimed to confirm the efficacy of BET inhibitors (iBETs) using representative cell models and functional experiments, and to further explore biological mechanisms under iBET treatment using whole-transcriptome analyses. Our results reveal cytostatic rather than cytotoxic activity through the induction of G1/S and G2/M cell-cycle arrest, in addition to variable MYC downregulation. Additionally, massive changes in the transcriptome induced by the treatment include downregulation of relevant pathways in cHL disease: NF-kB and E2F, among others. Our findings support the therapeutic use of iBETs in selected cHL patients and reveal previously unknown biological mechanisms and consequences of pan-BET inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández
- Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Díaz
- Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia G Rita
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Eurofins-Megalab, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Estévez
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Montalbán
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F García
- Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.
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7
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Ho P, Melms JC, Rogava M, Frangieh CJ, Poźniak J, Shah SB, Walsh Z, Kyrysyuk O, Amin AD, Caprio L, Fullerton BT, Soni RK, Ager CR, Biermann J, Wang Y, Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Zanetti G, Mu M, Fatima H, Moore EK, Vasan N, Bakhoum SF, Reiner SL, Bernatchez C, Sykes M, Mace EM, Wucherpfennig KW, Schadendorf D, Bechter O, Shah P, Schwartz GK, Marine JC, Izar B. The CD58-CD2 axis is co-regulated with PD-L1 via CMTM6 and shapes anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1207-1221.e12. [PMID: 37327789 PMCID: PMC10524902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cell-autonomous balance of immune-inhibitory and -stimulatory signals is a critical process in cancer immune evasion. Using patient-derived co-cultures, humanized mouse models, and single-cell RNA-sequencing of patient melanomas biopsied before and on immune checkpoint blockade, we find that intact cancer cell-intrinsic expression of CD58 and ligation to CD2 is required for anti-tumor immunity and is predictive of treatment response. Defects in this axis promote immune evasion through diminished T cell activation, impaired intratumoral T cell infiltration and proliferation, and concurrently increased PD-L1 protein stabilization. Through CRISPR-Cas9 and proteomics screens, we identify and validate CMTM6 as critical for CD58 stability and upregulation of PD-L1 upon CD58 loss. Competition between CD58 and PD-L1 for CMTM6 binding determines their rate of endosomal recycling over lysosomal degradation. Overall, we describe an underappreciated yet critical axis of cancer immunity and provide a molecular basis for how cancer cells balance immune inhibitory and stimulatory cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Meri Rogava
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chris J Frangieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joanna Poźniak
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shivem B Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kyrysyuk
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amit Dipak Amin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lindsay Caprio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin T Fullerton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Casey R Ager
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jana Biermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Giorgia Zanetti
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael Mu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hijab Fatima
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily K Moore
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Neil Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Steven L Reiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Parin Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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8
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Berta D, Girma M, Melku M, Adane T, Birke B, Yalew A. Role of RNA Splicing Mutations in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2469-2480. [PMID: 37342407 PMCID: PMC10278864 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s414106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid splicing is a crucial process to create a mature mRNA molecule by removing introns and ligating exons. This is a highly regulated process, but any alteration in splicing factors, splicing sites, or auxiliary components affects the final products of the gene. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, splicing mutations such as mutant splice sites, aberrant alternative splicing, exon skipping, and intron retention are detected. The alteration affects tumor suppression, DNA repair, cell cycle, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. As a result, malignant transformation, cancer progression, and metastasis occurred in B cells at the germinal center. B-cell lymphoma 7 protein family member A (BCL7A), cluster of differentiation 79B (CD79B), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88), tumor protein P53 (TP53), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), serum- and glucose-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), Pou class 2 associating factor 1 (POU2AF1), and neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH) are the most common genes affected by splicing mutations in diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Berta
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Girma
- Department of Quality Assurance and Laboratory Management, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Melku
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tiruneh Adane
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bisrat Birke
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aregawi Yalew
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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9
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Georgoulis V, Papoudou-Bai A, Makis A, Kanavaros P, Hatzimichael E. Unraveling the Immune Microenvironment in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:862. [PMID: 37372147 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a lymphoid neoplasm composed of rare neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells surrounded by a reactive tumor microenvironment (TME) with suppressive properties against anti-tumor immunity. TME is mainly composed of T cells (CD4 helper, CD8 cytotoxic and regulatory) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), but the impact of these cells on the natural course of the disease is not absolutely understood. TME contributes to the immune evasion of neoplastic HRS cells through the production of various cytokines and/or the aberrant expression of immune checkpoint molecules in ways that have not been fully understood yet. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of findings regarding the cellular components and the molecular features of the immune TME in cHL, its correlation with treatment response and prognosis, as well as the potential targeting of the TME with novel therapies. Among all cells, macrophages appear to be a most appealing target for immunomodulatory therapies, based on their functional plasticity and antitumor potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Georgoulis
- Department of Hematology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra Papoudou-Bai
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros Makis
- Department of Child Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 000 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzimichael
- Department of Hematology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
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10
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Li Z, Mu W, Xiao M. Genetic lesions and targeted therapy in Hodgkin lymphoma. Ther Adv Hematol 2023; 14:20406207221149245. [PMID: 36654739 PMCID: PMC9841868 DOI: 10.1177/20406207221149245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma is a special type of lymphoma in which tumor cells frequently undergo multiple genetic lesions that are associated with accompanying pathway abnormalities. These pathway abnormalities are dominated by active signaling pathways, such as the JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway and the NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-B) pathway, which usually result in hyperactive survival signaling. Targeted therapies often play an important role in hematologic malignancies, such as CAR-T therapy (chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy) targeting CD19 and CD22 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, while in Hodgkin lymphoma, the main targets of targeted therapies are CD30 molecules and PD1 molecules. Drugs targeting other molecules are also under investigation. This review summarizes the actionable genetic lesions, current treatment options, clinical trials for Hodgkin lymphoma and the potential value of those genetic lesions in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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De Re V, Repetto O, Mussolin L, Brisotto G, Elia C, Lopci E, d’Amore ESG, Burnelli R, Mascarin M. Promising drugs and treatment options for pediatric and adolescent patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:965803. [PMID: 36506094 PMCID: PMC9729954 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.965803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently-available therapies for newly-diagnosed pediatric and adolescent patients with Hodgkin lymphoma result in >95% survival at 5 years. Long-term survivors may suffer from long-term treatment-related side effects, however, so the past 20 years have seen clinical trials for children and adolescents with HL gradually abandon the regimens used in adults in an effort to improve this situation. Narrower-field radiotherapy can reduce long-term toxicity while maintaining good tumor control. Various risk-adapted chemo-radiotherapy strategies have been used. Early assessment of tumor response with interim positron emission tomography and/or measuring metabolic tumor volume has been used both to limit RT in patients with favorable characteristics and to adopt more aggressive therapies in patients with a poor response. Most classical Hodgkin's lymphoma relapses occur within 3 years of initial treatment, while relapses occurring 5 years or more after diagnosis are rare. As the outcome for patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma remains unsatisfactory, new drugs have been proposed for its prevention or treatment. This review summarizes the important advances made in recent years in the management of pediatric and adolescent with classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and the novel targeted treatments for relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valli De Re
- Immunopatologia e Biomarcatori Oncologici, Dipartimento di Ricerca e Diagnostica Avanzata dei Tumori, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy,*Correspondence: Valli De Re, ; Maurizio Mascarin,
| | - Ombretta Repetto
- Immunopatologia e Biomarcatori Oncologici, Dipartimento di Ricerca e Diagnostica Avanzata dei Tumori, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Lara Mussolin
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Brisotto
- Immunopatologia e Biomarcatori Oncologici, Dipartimento di Ricerca e Diagnostica Avanzata dei Tumori, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Caterina Elia
- AYA Oncology and Pediatric Radiotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS—Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Burnelli
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ospedale Sant’Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mascarin
- AYA Oncology and Pediatric Radiotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS, Aviano, Italy,*Correspondence: Valli De Re, ; Maurizio Mascarin,
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12
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López C, Schleussner N, Bernhart SH, Kleinheinz K, Sungalee S, Sczakiel HL, Kretzmer H, Toprak UH, Glaser S, Wagener R, Ammerpohl O, Bens S, Giefing M, González Sánchez JC, Apic G, Hübschmann D, Janz M, Kreuz M, Mottok A, Müller JM, Seufert J, Hoffmann S, Korbel JO, Russell RB, Schüle R, Trümper L, Klapper W, Radlwimmer B, Lichter P, Küppers R, Schlesner M, Mathas S, Siebert R. Focal structural variants revealed by whole genome sequencing disrupt the histone demethylase KDM4C in B-cell lymphomas. Haematologica 2022; 108:543-554. [PMID: 35522148 PMCID: PMC9890021 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.280005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation-modifiers, such as EZH2 and KMT2D, are recurrently altered in B-cell lymphomas. To comprehensively describe the landscape of alterations affecting genes encoding histone methylation-modifiers in lymphomagenesis we investigated whole genome and transcriptome data of 186 mature B-cell lymphomas sequenced in the ICGC MMML-Seq project. Besides confirming common alterations of KMT2D (47% of cases), EZH2 (17%), SETD1B (5%), PRDM9 (4%), KMT2C (4%), and SETD2 (4%), also identified by prior exome or RNA-sequencing studies, we here found recurrent alterations to KDM4C in chromosome 9p24, encoding a histone demethylase. Focal structural variation was the main mechanism of KDM4C alterations, and was independent from 9p24 amplification. We also identified KDM4C alterations in lymphoma cell lines including a focal homozygous deletion in a classical Hodgkin lymphoma cell line. By integrating RNA-sequencing and genome sequencing data we predict that KDM4C structural variants result in loss-offunction. By functional reconstitution studies in cell lines, we provide evidence that KDM4C can act as a tumor suppressor. Thus, we show that identification of structural variants in whole genome sequencing data adds to the comprehensive description of the mutational landscape of lymphomas and, moreover, establish KDM4C as a putative tumor suppressive gene recurrently altered in subsets of B-cell derived lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany,*CL and NS contributed equally as co-first authors
| | - Nikolai Schleussner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the MDC and the Charité, Berlin, Germany,*CL and NS contributed equally as co-first authors
| | - Stephan H. Bernhart
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Transcriptome Bioinformatics, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kortine Kleinheinz
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Henrike L. Sczakiel
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the MDC and the Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helene Kretzmer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Transcriptome Bioinformatics, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Umut H. Toprak
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics (B240), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,Hopp-Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics (B087), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selina Glaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rabea Wagener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Bens
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maciej Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Gordana Apic
- BioQuant and Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hübschmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany,Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany,Heidelberg Institute of Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Janz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the MDC and the Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Kreuz
- Institute for Medical Informatics Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Mottok
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Judith M. Müller
- Klinik fur Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Seufert
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics (B240), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Transcriptome Bioinformatics, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Leibniz Institute on Ageing-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Computational Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan O. Korbel
- EMBL Heidelberg, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg,, Germany
| | - Robert B. Russell
- BioQuant and Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Schüle
- Klinik fur Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Trümper
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Hematopathology Section, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernhard Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics (B240), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Mathas
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the MDC and the Charité, Berlin, Germany,SM and RS contributed equally as co-senior authors
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany,SM and RS contributed equally as co-senior authors
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13
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The Hodgkin Lymphoma Immune Microenvironment: Turning Bad News into Good. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051360. [PMID: 35267668 PMCID: PMC8909875 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) tumor microenvironment (TME) is by far the most abundant component of tumors and is responsible for most of their biological and clinical characteristics. Recent advances in our knowledge of these networks in cellular interactions allow us to understand that the neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells, although they are in the minority, are the main architects of this dysregulated immune milieu. Here, we review the major changes that have happened in recent years: from TME as a helpless bystander, reflecting an ineffective immune response, to a dynamic tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive element. The HRS cells promote survival through interconnected intrinsic and extrinsic alterations, boosting pro-tumoral signaling pathways through genetic aberrations and autocrine growth signals, in parallel with abnormal cytokine secretion for the recruitment and selection of the best cell partners for this immunosuppressive TME. In turn, cHL is already proving to be the perfect model with which to address an immune checkpoint blockade. Preliminary data demonstrate the utility of druggable key signaling pathways in this ensemble, such as JAK-STAT, NF-κB, and others. In addition, myriad biomarkers predicting a response await validation by new in situ multiplex analytical methods, single-cell gene expression, and other techniques. Together, these components will define the functional phenotypes with which we will elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of the disease and improve the survival of patients who are refractory to conventional therapies.
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Giefing M, Gearhart MD, Schneider M, Overbeck B, Klapper W, Hartmann S, Ustaszewski A, Weniger MA, Wiehle L, Hansmann ML, Melnick A, Béguelin W, Sundström C, Küppers R, Bardwell VJ, Siebert R. Loss of function mutations of BCOR in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:1080-1090. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2015587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Micah D. Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Markus Schneider
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Birte Overbeck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Haematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Reference and Consultant Center of Lymph Node and Lymphoma Pathology at Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adam Ustaszewski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marc A. Weniger
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK)
| | - Laura Wiehle
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Reference and Consultant Center of Lymph Node and Lymphoma Pathology at Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK)
| | - Vivian J. Bardwell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Special Microenvironment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204665. [PMID: 34682791 PMCID: PMC8541076 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) is one of the most particular lymphomas for the few tumor cells surrounded by an inflammatory microenvironment. Reed-Sternberg (RS) and Hodgkin (H) cells reprogram and evade antitumor mechanisms of the normal cells present in the microenvironment. The cells of microenvironment are essential for growth and survival of the RS/H cells and are recruited through the effect of cytokines/chemokines. We summarize recent advances in gene expression profiling (GEP) analysis applied to study microenvironment component in cHL. We also describe the main therapies that target not only the neoplastic cells but also the cellular components of the background.
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16
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Primary mediastinal Large B-cell Lymphoma. Blood 2021; 140:955-970. [PMID: 34496020 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a separate entity in the WHO classification based on clinico-pathologic features and a distinct molecular signature which overlaps with nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma (NScHL). Molecular classifiers can distinguish PMBCL from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) using RNA derived from paraffin-embedded tissue and are integral to future studies. However, given that ~5% of DLBCL can have a 'molecular' PMBCL phenotype in the absence of mediastinal involvement, clinical information will remain critical for diagnosis. Studies over the last 10-20 years have elucidated the biologic hallmarks of PMBCL which are reminiscent of cHL, including the importance of JAK-STAT and NFKB signaling pathways as well as an immune evasion phenotype through multiple converging genetic aberrations. The outcome of PMBCL has improved in the modern rituximab era, however controversies remain whether there is a single standard treatment for all patients and when to integrate radiotherapy. Regardless of the frontline therapy, refractory disease can occur in up to 10% of patients and correlates with poor outcome. With emerging data supporting high efficacy of PD1 inhibitors in PMBCL, studies are underway integrating them into the up-front setting.
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17
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Immune Microenvironment Features and Dynamics in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143634. [PMID: 34298847 PMCID: PMC8304929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As happens in all neoplasms, the many reciprocal interactions taking place between neoplastic cells and the other reactive cells impact the course of the disease. Hodgkin Lymphoma is an haematologic malignancy where most of the pathological tissue is indeed composed by reactive cells and few neoplastic cells. Consequently, it represents an interesting subject for the description of the neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells interaction. In this review we report and discuss the more recent findings of microenvironmental studies about this disease. Abstract Classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) accounts for 10% of all lymphoma diagnosis. The peculiar feature of the disease is the presence of large multinucleated Reed–Sternberg and mononuclear Hodgkin cells interspersed with a reactive microenvironment (ME). Due to the production of a large number of cytokines, Hodgkin cells (HCs) and Hodgkin Reed–Sternberg cells (HRSCs) attract and favour the expansion of different immune cell populations, modifying their functional status in order to receive prosurvival stimuli and to turn off the antitumour immune response. To this purpose HRSCs shape a biological niche by organizing the spatial distribution of cells in the ME. This review will highlight the contribution of the ME in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cHL and its role as a possible therapeutic target.
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18
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Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang S, Liao Q. CD58 Immunobiology at a Glance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705260. [PMID: 34168659 PMCID: PMC8218816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein CD58, also known as lymphocyte-function antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a costimulatory receptor distributed on a broad range of human tissue cells. Its natural ligand CD2 is primarily expressed on the surface of T/NK cells. The CD2-CD58 interaction is an important component of the immunological synapse (IS) that induces activation and proliferation of T/NK cells and triggers a series of intracellular signaling in T/NK cells and target cells, respectively, in addition to promoting cell adhesion and recognition. Furthermore, a soluble form of CD58 (sCD58) is also present in cellular supernatant in vitro and in local tissues in vivo. The sCD58 is involved in T/NK cell-mediated immune responses as an immunosuppressive factor by affecting CD2-CD58 interaction. Altered accumulation of sCD58 may lead to immunosuppression of T/NK cells in the tumor microenvironment, allowing sCD58 as a novel immunotherapeutic target. Recently, the crucial roles of costimulatory molecule CD58 in immunomodulation seem to be reattracting the interests of investigators. In particular, the CD2-CD58 interaction is involved in the regulation of antiviral responses, inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases, immune rejection of transplantation, and immune evasion of tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of CD58 immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Rosetting T cells in Hodgkin lymphoma are activated by immunological synapse components HLA class II and CD58. Blood 2021; 136:2437-2441. [PMID: 32589698 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique feature of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is the presence of CD4+ T cells that surround, protect, and promote survival of tumor cells. The adhesion molecules involved in this so-called T-cell rosetting are important components of the immunological synapse (IS). However, it is unknown whether this synapse is fully assembled and leads to T-cell activation by enabling interaction between the T-cell receptor (TCR) and human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA-II). We established a novel rosetting model by coculturing HLA-II-matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells with HL cell lines and showed IS formation with activation of rosetting T cells. HLA-II downregulation by class II transactivator knockout did not affect the extent of rosetting, but almost completely abrogated T-cell activation. Intriguingly, the level of CD58 expression correlated with the extent of rosette formation, and CD58 knockout or CD2 blockade reduced both rosette formation and T-cell activation. The extension of our findings to primary HL tissue by immunohistochemistry and proximity ligation assays showed interaction of CD2 with CD58 and of TCR-associated CD4 with HLA-II. In conclusion, T-cell rosetting in HL is established by formation of the IS, and activation of rosetting T cells critically depends on the interaction of both TCR-HLA-II and CD2-CD58.
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20
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Weniger MA, Küppers R. Molecular biology of Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 2021; 35:968-981. [PMID: 33686198 PMCID: PMC8024192 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is unique among lymphoid malignancies in several key biological features. (i) The Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) tumor cells are rare among an extensive and complex microenvironment. (ii) They derive from B cells, but have largely lost the B-cell typical gene expression program. (iii) Their specific origin appears to be pre-apoptotic germinal center (GC) B cells. (iv) They consistently develop bi- or multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells from mononuclear Hodgkin cells. (v) They show constitutive activation of numerous signaling pathways. Recent studies have begun to uncover the basis of these specific features of cHL: HRS cells actively orchestrate their complex microenvironment and attract many distinct subsets of immune cells into the affected tissues, to support their survival and proliferation, and to create an immunosuppressive environment. Reed-Sternberg cells are generated by incomplete cytokinesis and refusion of Hodgkin cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a major role in the rescue of crippled GC B cells from apoptosis and hence is a main player in early steps of lymphomagenesis of EBV+ cHL cases. The analysis of the landscape of genetic lesions in HRS cells so far did not reveal any highly recurrent HRS cell-specific lesions, but major roles of genetic lesions in members of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways and of factors of immune evasion. It is perhaps the combination of the genetic lesions and the peculiar cellular origin of HRS cells that are disease defining. A combination of such genetic lesions and multiple cellular interactions with cells in the microenvironment causes the constitutive activation of many signaling pathways, often interacting in complex fashions. In nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, the GC B cell-derived tumor cells have largely retained their typical GC B-cell expression program and follicular microenvironment. For IgD-positive cases, bacterial antigen triggering has recently been implicated in early stages of its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Weniger
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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21
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Immunophenotypic Spectrum and Genomic Landscape of Refractory Celiac Disease Type II. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:905-916. [PMID: 33544565 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Refractory celiac disease type II (RCD II), also referred to as "cryptic" enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) or "intraepithelial T-cell lymphoma," is a rare clonal lymphoproliferative disorder that arises from innate intraepithelial lymphocytes. RCD II has a poor prognosis and frequently evolves to EATL. The pathogenesis of RCD II is not well understood and data regarding the immunophenotypic spectrum of this disease and underlying genetic alterations are limited. To gain further biological insights, we performed comprehensive immunophenotypic, targeted next-generation sequencing, and chromosome microarray analyses of 11 RCD II cases: CD4-/CD8- (n=6), CD8+ (n=4), and CD4+ (n=1), and 2 of 3 ensuing EATLs. Genetic alterations were identified in 9/11 (82%) of the RCD II cases. All 9 displayed mutations in members of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, including frequent, recurrent STAT3 (7/9, 78%) and JAK1 (4/9, 44%) mutations, and 9/10 evaluable cases expressed phospho-STAT3. The mutated cases also harbored recurrent alterations in epigenetic regulators (TET2, n=5 and KMT2D, n=5), nuclear factor-κB (TNFAIP3, n=4), DNA damage repair (POT1, n=3), and immune evasion (CD58, n=2) pathway genes. The CD4-/CD8- and other immunophenotypic subtypes of RCD II exhibited similar molecular features. Longitudinal genetic analyses of 4 RCD II cases revealed stable mutation profiles, however, additional mutations were detected in the EATLs, which occurred at extraintestinal sites and were clonally related to antecedent RCD II. Chromosome microarray analysis demonstrated copy number changes in 3/6 RCD II cases, and 1 transformed EATL with sufficient neoplastic burden for informative analysis. Our findings provide novel information about the immunophenotypic and genomic characteristics of RCD II, elucidate early genetic events in EATL pathogenesis, and reveal potential therapeutic targets.
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22
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Bein J, Thurner L, Hansmann M, Hartmann S. Lymphocyte predominant cells of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma interact with rosetting T cells in an immunological synapse. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:1495-1502. [PMID: 32815561 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma with a preserved B-cell phenotype and follicular T helper (TFH ) cells rosetting around the tumor cells, the lymphocyte-predominant (LP) cells. As we recently described reactivity of the B-cell receptors of LP cells of some NLPHL cases with Moraxella spp. proteins, we hypothesized that LP cells could present peptides to rosetting T cells in a major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)-bound manner. Rosetting PD1+ T cells were present in the majority of NLPHL cases, both in typical (17/20) and variant patterns (16/19). In most cases, T-cell rosettes were CD69+ (typical NLPHL, 17/20; NLPHL variant, 14/19). Furthermore, both MHCII alpha and beta chains were expressed in the LP cells in 23/39 NLPHL. Proximity ligation assay and confocal laser imaging demonstrated interaction of the MHCII beta chain expressed by the LP cells and the T-cell receptor alpha chain expressed by rosetting T cells. We thus conclude that rosetting T cells in NLPHL express markers that are encountered after antigenic exposure, that MHCII is expressed by the LP cells, and that LP cells interact with rosetting T cells in an immunological synapse in a subset of cases. As they likely receive growth stimulatory signals in this way, blockade of this interaction, for example, by PD1-directed checkpoint inhibitors, could be a treatment option in a subset of cases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bein
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Department of Internal Medicine I and José Carreras Center for Immuno‐ and Gene Therapy Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Martin‐Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
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23
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Architecture and interior design of Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2020; 136:2367-2369. [PMID: 33211831 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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24
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Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of T/NK-Cell Type Mimicking Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Clinicopathologic and Genetic Features of 8 Cases Supporting a Variant With "Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg-like" Cells of NK Phenotype. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 43:1611-1621. [PMID: 31305266 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of T-cell and NK-cell type, systemic form (CAEBV-T/NK-S) is characterized by EBV T-cell and/or NK-cell proliferation with no changes suggesting malignancy. Therefore, when Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells are scattered in CAEBV-T/NK-S, it is more likely to be misdiagnosed as classic Hodgkin lymphoma. We encountered a case wherein the patient showed HRS-like cells with typical NK phenotype. Therefore, we further investigated 8 similar cases to provide clinicopathologic and genetic features and discuss their distinction from other related diseases. Clinically, all cases met the diagnostic criteria of CAEBV. Moreover, 4/8 patients had hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The median survival was 16 months (range, 5 to 35 mo). Pathologically, all lymph node samples had a remarkably similar morphology with scattered HRS-like cells surrounded by a mixture of small-sized lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages that masqueraded classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Besides, erythrophagocytosis was detected in 4/11 samples. The HRS-like cells were positive for CD2, CD3p, CD30, CD56, GrB, and EBER-ISH, but negative for CD20, CD5, PAX-5, and LMP-1. The surrounding lymphocytes were mainly CD8 cytotoxic T cells, without obvious aberrant expression. In addition, all patients were polyclonal in the T-cell receptor γ rearrangement test. The harbored mutations were mainly in epigenetic modifiers, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and apoptosis/cell cycle pathway, including SOCS1, DDX3X, and KMT2D, similar to other EBV-associated T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Therefore, the evidence indicates that "HRS-like cells of NK phenotype" is a variant of CAEBV-T/NK-S. This study may raise awareness of such confounding CAEBV-T/N-S cases in clinical practice to avoid misdiagnosis and treatment delay.
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25
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Menter T, Tzankov A. Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Immune Modulation by Lymphoma Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:54. [PMID: 29564225 PMCID: PMC5845888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Targeting cancer cells by modulating the immune system has become an important new therapeutic option in many different malignancies. Inhibition of CTLA4/B7 and PD1/PDL1 signaling is now also being investigated and already successfully applied to various hematologic malignancies. Methods A literature review of PubMed and results of our own studies were compiled in order to give a comprehensive overview on this topic. Results We elucidate the pathophysiological role of immunosuppressive networks in lymphomas, ranging from changes in the cellular microenvironment composition to distinct signaling pathways such as PD1/PDL1 or CTLA4/B7/CD28. The prototypical example of a lymphoma manipulating and thereby silencing the immune system is Hodgkin lymphoma. Also other lymphomas, e.g., primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and some Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-driven malignancies, use analogous survival strategies, while diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the activated B-cell type, follicular lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma to name a few, exert further immune escape strategies each. These insights have already led to new treatment opportunities and results of the most important clinical trials based on this concept are briefly summarized. Immune checkpoint inhibition might also have severe side effects; the mechanisms of the rather un(der)recognized hematological side effects of this treatment approach are discussed. Conclusion Silencing the host’s immune system is an important feature of various lymphomas. Achieving a better understanding of distinct pathways of interactions between lymphomas and different immunological microenvironment compounds yields substantial potential for new treatment concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Menter
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Biology of classical Hodgkin lymphoma: implications for prognosis and novel therapies. Blood 2018; 131:1654-1665. [PMID: 29500175 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-772632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma is considered a prime example of treatment success, with cure rates exceeding 80% using modern combined modality therapies. However, especially in adolescents and young adults, treatment-related toxicity and long-term morbidity still represent persistent challenges. Moreover, outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory disease remain unfavorable in the era of high-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell transplantation. Hence, there is a high demand for novel and innovative alternative treatment approaches. In recent years, many new therapeutic agents have emerged from preclinical and clinical studies that target molecular hallmarks of Hodgkin lymphoma, including the aberrant phenotype of the tumor cells, deregulated oncogenic pathways, and immune escape. The antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin and immune checkpoint inhibitors have already shown great success in patients with relapsed/refractory disease, leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval and new trials testing these agents in various clinical settings. The expanding knowledge and understanding of Hodgkin lymphoma biology and disease progression, as well as the development of robust tools for biomarker-driven risk stratification and therapeutic decision making, continue to be fundamentally important for the success of these and other novel agents. We anticipate that the availability and clinical implementation of novel molecular assays will be instrumental in an era of rapid shifts in the treatment landscape of this disease. Here, we review the current knowledge of Hodgkin lymphoma pathobiology, highlighting the related development of novel treatment strategies and prognostic models that hold the promise to continually challenge and change the current standard of care in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
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27
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Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Lim MS. New Insights into Lymphoma Pathogenesis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2017; 13:193-217. [PMID: 29140757 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomas represent clonal proliferations of lymphocytes that are broadly classified based upon their maturity (peripheral or mature versus precursor) and lineage (B cell, T cell, and natural killer cell). Insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in lymphoma impact the classification of lymphoma and have significant implications for the diagnosis and clinical management of patients. Serial scientific and technologic advances over the last 30 years in immunology, cytogenetics, molecular biology, gene expression profiling, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and, more recently, next-generation sequencing have contributed to greatly enhance our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms in lymphoma. Novel and emerging concepts that challenge our previously accepted paradigms about lymphoma biology and how these impact diagnosis, molecular testing, disease monitoring, drug development, and personalized and precision medicine for lymphoma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojo S J Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , .,Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Megan S Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , .,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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28
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Baues C, Trommer-Nestler M, Jablonska K, Bröckelmann PJ, Schlaak M, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Engert A, Semrau R, Marnitz S, Theurich S. Short review of potential synergies of immune checkpoint inhibition and radiotherapy with a focus on Hodgkin lymphoma: radio-immunotherapy opens new doors. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:423-433. [PMID: 28357914 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an established local treatment in patients with various malignancies. Systemic responses following local irradiation have been described as abscopal effects. Modern cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown impressive response rates and prolongation of survival even in heavily pretreated patients with advanced solid malignancies and lymphomas. Radiotherapy has been shown to modulate immune response, and its application in the context of immune checkpoint inhibition has recently evolved into an active field of research. Prospective studies investigating combination treatment are currently ongoing and will answer questions as to the optimal schedule and radiation dosing. This short review focuses on the immunomodulatory role of radiotherapy and the use of immune checkpoint inhibition with a special focus on Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baues
- Department of Radio-Oncology & CyberKnife Center University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Radio Immune-Oncology Consortium (RIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Trommer-Nestler
- Department of Radio-Oncology & CyberKnife Center University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Radio Immune-Oncology Consortium (RIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karolina Jablonska
- Department of Radio-Oncology & CyberKnife Center University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul J Bröckelmann
- German Hodgkin Study Group, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Schlaak
- Radio Immune-Oncology Consortium (RIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Dermatology & Venerology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Radio Immune-Oncology Consortium (RIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Engert
- German Hodgkin Study Group, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Semrau
- Department of Radio-Oncology & CyberKnife Center University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Marnitz
- Department of Radio-Oncology & CyberKnife Center University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Radio Immune-Oncology Consortium (RIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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29
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Abdul Razak FR, Diepstra A, Visser L, van den Berg A. CD58 mutations are common in Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines and loss of CD58 expression in tumor cells occurs in Hodgkin lymphoma patients who relapse. Genes Immun 2016; 17:363-6. [PMID: 27467287 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CD58 is involved in immune recognition of tumor cells via binding of the CD2 receptor expressed on cytotoxic T cells. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mutations of the CD58 gene are reported to contribute to immune evasion of the tumor cells. We previously showed CD58 mutations in three Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cell lines by whole-exome sequencing. In this study, we confirmed the mutations by Sanger sequencing at the DNA and RNA level and showed low levels or total loss of CD58 mRNA expression in two of the three cell lines. CD58 protein expression as determined by flow cytometry, western blotting and immunohistochemistry was absent in all three mutated HL cell lines. In primary tissue samples, loss of CD58 expression was observed in 11% of the patients who relapse. These data suggest that loss of CD58 is a potential immune escape mechanism of HL tumor cells, especially in clinically aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Abdul Razak
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
The Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) tumor cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), as well as the lymphocyte predominant (LP) cells of nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (NLPHL), are derived from mature B cells. However, HRS cells have largely lost their B-cell phenotype and show a very unusual expression of many markers of other hematopoietic cell lineages, which aids in the differential diagnosis between classical HL (cHL) and NLPHL and distinguishes cHL from all other hematopoietic malignancies. The bi- or multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells most likely derive from the mononuclear Hodgkin cells through a process of incomplete cytokinesis. HRS cells show a deregulated activation of numerous signaling pathways, which is partly mediated by cellular interactions in the lymphoma microenvironment and partly by genetic lesions. In a fraction of cases, Epstein-Barr virus contributes to the pathogenesis of cHL. Recurrent genetic lesions in HRS cells identified so far often involve members of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and JAK/STAT pathways and genes involved in major histocompatibility complex expression. However, further lead transforming events likely remain to be identified. We here discuss the current knowledge on HL pathology and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Mathas
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, and Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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31
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Highly recurrent mutations of SGK1, DUSP2 and JUNB in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 2015; 30:844-53. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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