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Wang C, Sun M, Shao C, Schlicker L, Zhuo Y, Harim Y, Peng T, Tian W, Stöffler N, Schneider M, Helm D, Chu Y, Fu B, Jin X, Mallm JP, Mall M, Wu Y, Schulze A, Liu HK. A multidimensional atlas of human glioblastoma-like organoids reveals highly coordinated molecular networks and effective drugs. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:19. [PMID: 38273014 PMCID: PMC10811239 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the genomics of glioblastoma (GBM) led to the introduction of molecular neuropathology but failed to translate into treatment improvement. This is largely attributed to the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of GBM, which are considered the major obstacle to GBM therapy. Here, we use advanced human GBM-like organoid (LEGO: Laboratory Engineered Glioblastoma-like Organoid) models and provide an unprecedented comprehensive characterization of LEGO models using single-cell transcriptome, DNA methylome, metabolome, lipidome, proteome, and phospho-proteome analysis. We discovered that genetic heterogeneity dictates functional heterogeneity across molecular layers and demonstrates that NF1 mutation drives mesenchymal signature. Most importantly, we found that glycerol lipid reprogramming is a hallmark of GBM, and several targets and drugs were discovered along this line. We also provide a genotype-based drug reference map using LEGO-based drug screen. This study provides new human GBM models and a research path toward effective GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Wang
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); The DKFZ-ZMBH alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Meng Sun
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxuan Shao
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); The DKFZ-ZMBH alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schlicker
- Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); The DKFZ-ZMBH alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yassin Harim
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); The DKFZ-ZMBH alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tianping Peng
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Tian
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); The DKFZ-ZMBH alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadja Stöffler
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); The DKFZ-ZMBH alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Youjun Chu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Fu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jan-Philipp Mallm
- Single-cell Open Lab, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Mall
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yonghe Wu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Almut Schulze
- Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); The DKFZ-ZMBH alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Miao B, Hu Z, Mezzadra R, Hoeijmakers L, Fauster A, Du S, Yang Z, Sator-Schmitt M, Engel H, Li X, Broderick C, Jin G, Gomez-Eerland R, Rozeman L, Lei X, Matsuo H, Yang C, Hofland I, Peters D, Broeks A, Laport E, Fitz A, Zhao X, Mahmoud MAA, Ma X, Sander S, Liu HK, Cui G, Gan Y, Wu W, Xiao Y, Heck AJR, Guan W, Lowe SW, Horlings HM, Wang C, Brummelkamp TR, Blank CU, Schumacher TNM, Sun C. CMTM6 shapes antitumor T cell response through modulating protein expression of CD58 and PD-L1. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1817-1828.e9. [PMID: 37683639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulated expression of immune checkpoint molecules enables cancer cells to evade immune destruction. While blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints like PD-L1 forms the basis of current cancer immunotherapies, a deficiency in costimulatory signals can render these therapies futile. CD58, a costimulatory ligand, plays a crucial role in antitumor immune responses, but the mechanisms controlling its expression remain unclear. Using two systematic approaches, we reveal that CMTM6 positively regulates CD58 expression. Notably, CMTM6 interacts with both CD58 and PD-L1, maintaining the expression of these two immune checkpoint ligands with opposing functions. Functionally, the presence of CMTM6 and CD58 on tumor cells significantly affects T cell-tumor interactions and response to PD-L1-PD-1 blockade. Collectively, these findings provide fundamental insights into CD58 regulation, uncover a shared regulator of stimulatory and inhibitory immune checkpoints, and highlight the importance of tumor-intrinsic CMTM6 and CD58 expression in antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiping Miao
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqing Hu
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Mezzadra
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lotte Hoeijmakers
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Fauster
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shangce Du
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Melanie Sator-Schmitt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helena Engel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xueshen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Caroline Broderick
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guangzhi Jin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1111, Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Raquel Gomez-Eerland
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Rozeman
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xin Lei
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hitoshi Matsuo
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen Yang
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ingrid Hofland
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Peters
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Laport
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Fitz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiyue Zhao
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed A A Mahmoud
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiujian Ma
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Molecular Neurogenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandrine Sander
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Adaptive Immunity and Lymphoma , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Molecular Neurogenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guoliang Cui
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division T Cell Metabolism, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hugo M Horlings
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian U Blank
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ton N M Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Chong Sun
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Liu HK. Human adult hippocampal neurogenesis is back, again? Cell Res 2022; 32:793-794. [PMID: 35856092 PMCID: PMC9436931 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Chen B, Liu HK, Wang H. Arthroscopic Treatment of Popliteus Tendinitis Using the Accessory Portal. Front Surg 2022; 9:860300. [PMID: 35529907 PMCID: PMC9069127 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.860300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the effect of arthroscopic treatment of popliteus tendinitis via an auxiliary extreme lateral approach and to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of popliteus tendinitis. Materials and Methods From 2016 to 2020, arthroscopic popliteus tendon ablation was performed in 15 patients (15 knees) with popliteus tendinitis via an auxiliary extreme lateral approach. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Lysholm knee scoring scale, the Tegner score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score at the 24-month follow-up after surgery. Results A total of 15 patients (mean age, 51.1 ± 7.1 years) were included. They had a mean body mass index of 23.8 ± 2.1 kg/m2. The minimum follow-up period was 24 months. Comparing the postoperative state to the preoperative state, the mean postoperative Lysholm score, Tegner score, and IKDC score improved significantly from 70.0 ± 5.0, 3.0 ± 0.9, and 62.3 ± 5.5 to 89.3 ± 4.2, 4.6 ± 0.61, and 80.5 ± 4.4, respectively (p < 0.01). The preoperative VAS score for pain improved from 6.4 ± 0.5 to 0.9 ± 0.4 (p < 0.01). No patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusions Following arthroscopic-assisted treatment, all the patients with popliteus tendinitis achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes in terms of pain relief and improved function. Level of Evidence Level IV
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - H K Liu
- Department of Pain, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - H Wang
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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5
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Reddy NC, Majidi SP, Kong L, Nemera M, Ferguson CJ, Moore M, Goncalves TM, Liu HK, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Zhao G, Yamada T, Bonni A, Gabel HW. CHARGE syndrome protein CHD7 regulates epigenomic activation of enhancers in granule cell precursors and gyrification of the cerebellum. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5702. [PMID: 34588434 PMCID: PMC8481233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of chromatin plays fundamental roles in the development of the brain. Haploinsufficiency of the chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD7 causes CHARGE syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects the development of the cerebellum. However, how CHD7 controls chromatin states in the cerebellum remains incompletely understood. Using conditional knockout of CHD7 in granule cell precursors in the mouse cerebellum, we find that CHD7 robustly promotes chromatin accessibility, active histone modifications, and RNA polymerase recruitment at enhancers. In vivo profiling of genome architecture reveals that CHD7 concordantly regulates epigenomic modifications associated with enhancer activation and gene expression of topologically-interacting genes. Genome and gene ontology studies show that CHD7-regulated enhancers are associated with genes that control brain tissue morphogenesis. Accordingly, conditional knockout of CHD7 triggers a striking phenotype of cerebellar polymicrogyria, which we have also found in a case of CHARGE syndrome. Finally, we uncover a CHD7-dependent switch in the preferred orientation of granule cell precursor division in the developing cerebellum, providing a potential cellular basis for the cerebellar polymicrogyria phenotype upon loss of CHD7. Collectively, our findings define epigenomic regulation by CHD7 in granule cell precursors and identify abnormal cerebellar patterning upon CHD7 depletion, with potential implications for our understanding of CHARGE syndrome. CHARGE syndrome that affects cerebellar development can be caused by haploinsufficiency of the chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD7; however the precise role of CHD7 remains unknown. Here the authors show CHD7 promotes chromatin accessibility and enhancer activity in granule cell precursors and regulates morphogenesis of the cerebellar cortex, where loss of CHD7 triggers cerebellar polymicrogyria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen C Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shahriyar P Majidi
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,MD-PhD Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lingchun Kong
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mati Nemera
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cole J Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tassia M Goncalves
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Im Neunheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tomoko Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Harrison W Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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6
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Venkataramani V, Tanev D, Strahle C, Studier-Fischer A, Fankhauser L, Kessler T, Losada Perez M, Körber C, Kardorff M, Ratliff M, Xie R, Horstmann H, Messer M, Paik S, Knabbe J, Sahm F, Kurz F, Acikgoez A, Herrrmannsdörfer F, Agarwal A, Bergles D, Chalmers A, Miletic H, Turcan S, Mawrin C, Hänggi D, Liu HK, Casas Tinto S, Wick W, Winkler F, Kuner T. TMIC-27. GLUTAMATERGIC NEURON-GLIOMA SYNAPSES DRIVE BRAIN TUMOUR PROGRESSION. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A network of communicating tumour cells established by tumour microtubes (TMs) is supposed to mediate relevant aspects of progression and resistance of incurable gliomas. Moreover, neuronal activity has been shown to foster malignant behavior of glioma cells by non-synaptic paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Here, we report an unexpected direct communication channel between neurons and glioma cells in multiple disease models as well as in astrocytomas and glioblastomas (GBs) of adult patients: functional bona fide chemical synapses formed between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic glioma cells. These neurogliomal synapses (NGS) show a typical synaptic ultrastructure, are located on TM networks, and produce depolarizing postsynaptic currents mediated by glutamate receptors of the AMPA subtype. AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPAR) are expressed by a molecularly and morphologically distinct subpopulation of network-integrated glioma cells. Increased neuronal activity under epileptic conditions ex vivo or neuronal optogenetic stimulation in vivo enhanced, while general anesthesia diminished synchronized calcium transients in TM-connected glioma networks. Accordingly, anesthesia reduced invasiveness of TM-positive tumour cells in mice. Genetic perturbation of AMPAR or chronic AMPAR inhibition by perampanel decreased glioma invasion and proliferation in mice and deletion of GluRII in Drosophila glioma increased survival. These findings reveal a hitherto unappreciated direct synaptic communication between neurons and glioma cells that appears relevant for brain tumour biology, implying new avenues for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitar Tanev
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Strahle
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Studier-Fischer
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Fankhauser
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Körber
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Kardorff
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Ratliff
- Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ruifan Xie
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Horstmann
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Messer
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sang Paik
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Knabbe
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Kurz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Azer Acikgoez
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Herrrmannsdörfer
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amit Agarwal
- CHS Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dwight Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sevin Turcan
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Venkataramani V, Tanev DI, Strahle C, Studier-Fischer A, Fankhauser L, Kessler T, Körber C, Kardorff M, Ratliff M, Xie R, Horstmann H, Messer M, Paik SP, Knabbe J, Sahm F, Kurz FT, Acikgöz AA, Herrmannsdörfer F, Agarwal A, Bergles DE, Chalmers A, Miletic H, Turcan S, Mawrin C, Hänggi D, Liu HK, Wick W, Winkler F, Kuner T. Glutamatergic synaptic input to glioma cells drives brain tumour progression. Nature 2019; 573:532-538. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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8
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Pajtler KW, Wei Y, Okonechnikov K, Silva PBG, Vouri M, Zhang L, Brabetz S, Sieber L, Gulley M, Mauermann M, Wedig T, Mack N, Imamura Kawasawa Y, Sharma T, Zuckermann M, Andreiuolo F, Holland E, Maass K, Körkel-Qu H, Liu HK, Sahm F, Capper D, Bunt J, Richards LJ, Jones DTW, Korshunov A, Chavez L, Lichter P, Hoshino M, Pfister SM, Kool M, Li W, Kawauchi D. YAP1 subgroup supratentorial ependymoma requires TEAD and nuclear factor I-mediated transcriptional programmes for tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3914. [PMID: 31477715 PMCID: PMC6718408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP1 fusion-positive supratentorial ependymomas predominantly occur in infants, but the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis are unknown. Here we show YAP1-MAMLD1 fusions are sufficient to drive malignant transformation in mice, and the resulting tumors share histo-molecular characteristics of human ependymomas. Nuclear localization of YAP1-MAMLD1 protein is mediated by MAMLD1 and independent of YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses of human YAP1-MAMLD1-positive ependymoma reveal enrichment of NFI and TEAD transcription factor binding site motifs in YAP1-bound regulatory elements, suggesting a role for these transcription factors in YAP1-MAMLD1-driven tumorigenesis. Mutation of the TEAD binding site in the YAP1 fusion or repression of NFI targets prevents tumor induction in mice. Together, these results demonstrate that the YAP1-MAMLD1 fusion functions as an oncogenic driver of ependymoma through recruitment of TEADs and NFIs, indicating a rationale for preclinical studies to block the interaction between YAP1 fusions and NFI and TEAD transcription factors. The molecular mechanisms driving proliferation in the pediatric brain cancer epdendymoma are poorly understood. Here the authors show that a YAP1- MAMLD1 fusion drives tumor formation in mice and show that the fusion protein can collaborate with the TEAD and NFI transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yiju Wei
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia B G Silva
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikaella Vouri
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sebastian Brabetz
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Sieber
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa Gulley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Monika Mauermann
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Wedig
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norman Mack
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Tanvi Sharma
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zuckermann
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe Andreiuolo
- Department of Neuropathology, Ste. Anne Hospital, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Eric Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kendra Maass
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huiqin Körkel-Qu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Bunt
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Duman C, Yaqubi K, Hoffmann A, Acikgöz AA, Korshunov A, Bendszus M, Herold-Mende C, Liu HK, Alfonso J. Acyl-CoA-Binding Protein Drives Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis by Sustaining Fatty Acid Oxidation. Cell Metab 2019; 30:274-289.e5. [PMID: 31056285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) undergoes metabolic reprogramming to meet the high ATP and anabolic demands of the tumor cells. However, the role of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and its regulators in the GBM context has been largely unknown. Here, we show that the neural stem cell pro-proliferative factor acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP, also known as DBI) is highly expressed in GBM, and by binding to acyl-CoAs, it cell-autonomously maintains high proliferation rates, promoting tumor growth and poor survival in several preclinical models. Mechanistic experiments using ACBP-acyl-CoA binding affinity variants and pharmacological FAO modulators suggest that ACBP supports tumor growth by controlling the availability of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs to mitochondria, promoting FAO in GBM. Thus, our findings uncover a critical link between lipid metabolism and GBM progression established by ACBP and offer a potential therapeutic strategy for an effective anti-proliferative metabolic management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Duman
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Kaneschka Yaqubi
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Angelika Hoffmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Azer Aylin Acikgöz
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julieta Alfonso
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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10
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Bogusz K, Tehei M, Cardillo D, Lerch M, Rosenfeld A, Dou SX, Liu HK, Konstantinov K. High toxicity of Bi(OH) 3 and α-Bi 2O 3 nanoparticles towards malignant 9L and MCF-7 cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 93:958-967. [PMID: 30274133 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the extreme toxicity in vitro of Bi(OH)3 and α-Bi2O3 nanoparticles (NPs), obtained through a facile synthesis with an average single particle size of 6-10 nm, tested on malignant gliosarcoma 9L and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. For both nanomaterials, clonogenic assays reveal a mortality of over 90% in 9L and MCF-7 cells for a concentration of 50 μg/mL after incubation for 24 h. Moreover, the NPs show a significant mortality of up to 60% in the malignant cells at the very low concentration of 6.25 μg/mL. In contrast, at the same concentration, the nanomaterials exhibit no noticeable mortality towards normal Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The internalisation of the NPs was demonstrated using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy was used to investigate when the loss of cell viability starts. The NPs show a faster cell death in 9L cells compared with MCF-7 cells, demonstrated via the identification of apoptosis through increased sub G1 levels after 24 h of NP incubation. Cleavage is identified as the main apoptotic nuclear morphology in 9L, which suggests the presence of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bogusz
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - M Tehei
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - D Cardillo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - M Lerch
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - A Rosenfeld
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - S X Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - H K Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - K Konstantinov
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Feng W, Herbst L, Lichter P, Pfister SM, Liu HK, Kawauchi D. CRISPR-mediated Loss of Function Analysis in Cerebellar Granule Cells Using In Utero Electroporation-based Gene Transfer. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29939173 DOI: 10.3791/57311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain malformation is often caused by genetic mutations. Deciphering the mutations in patient-derived tissues has identified potential causative factors of the diseases. To validate the contribution of a dysfunction of the mutated genes to disease development, the generation of animal models carrying the mutations is one obvious approach. While germline genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are popular biological tools and exhibit reproducible results, it is restricted by time and costs. Meanwhile, non-germline GEMMs often enable exploring gene function in a more feasible manner. Since some brain diseases (e.g., brain tumors) appear to result from somatic but not germline mutations, non-germline chimeric mouse models, in which normal and abnormal cells coexist, could be helpful for disease-relevant analysis. In this study, we report a method for the induction of CRISPR-mediated somatic mutations in the cerebellum. Specifically, we utilized conditional knock-in mice, in which Cas9 and GFP are chronically activated by the CAG (CMV enhancer/chicken ß-actin) promoter after Cre-mediated recombination of the genome. The self-designed single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and the Cre recombinase sequence, both encoded in a single plasmid construct, were delivered into cerebellar stem/progenitor cells at an embryonic stage using in utero electroporation. Consequently, transfected cells and their daughter cells were labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP), thus facilitating further phenotypic analyses. Hence, this method is not only showing electroporation-based gene delivery into embryonic cerebellar cells but also proposing a novel quantitative approach to assess CRISPR-mediated loss-of-function phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Feng
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance
| | - Lena Herbst
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ); Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ); Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK);
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12
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Lupo G, Nisi PS, Esteve P, Paul YL, Novo CL, Sidders B, Khan MA, Biagioni S, Liu HK, Bovolenta P, Cacci E, Rugg-Gunn PJ. Molecular profiling of aged neural progenitors identifies Dbx2 as a candidate regulator of age-associated neurogenic decline. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12745. [PMID: 29504228 PMCID: PMC5946077 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis declines with aging due to the depletion and functional impairment of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). An improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms that drive age‐associated neurogenic deficiency could lead to the development of strategies to alleviate cognitive impairment and facilitate neuroregeneration. An essential step towards this aim is to investigate the molecular changes that occur in NSPC aging on a genomewide scale. In this study, we compare the transcriptional, histone methylation and DNA methylation signatures of NSPCs derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of young adult (3 months old) and aged (18 months old) mice. Surprisingly, the transcriptional and epigenomic profiles of SVZ‐derived NSPCs are largely unchanged in aged cells. Despite the global similarities, we detect robust age‐dependent changes at several hundred genes and regulatory elements, thereby identifying putative regulators of neurogenic decline. Within this list, the homeobox gene Dbx2 is upregulated in vitro and in vivo, and its promoter region has altered histone and DNA methylation levels, in aged NSPCs. Using functional in vitro assays, we show that elevated Dbx2 expression in young adult NSPCs promotes age‐related phenotypes, including the reduced proliferation of NSPC cultures and the altered transcript levels of age‐associated regulators of NSPC proliferation and differentiation. Depleting Dbx2 in aged NSPCs caused the reverse gene expression changes. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the molecular programmes that are affected during mouse NSPC aging, and uncover a new functional role for Dbx2 in promoting age‐related neurogenic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Chemistry; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Paola S. Nisi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Pilar Esteve
- Centro de Biologia Molecular “Severo Ochoa”; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- CIBER of Rare Diseases; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Yu-Lee Paul
- Epigenetics Programme; The Babraham Institute; Cambridge UK
| | | | - Ben Sidders
- Bioscience; Oncology; IMED Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Cambridge UK
| | - Muhammad A. Khan
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics; German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ); DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Stefano Biagioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics; German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ); DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biologia Molecular “Severo Ochoa”; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- CIBER of Rare Diseases; ISCIII; Madrid Spain
| | - Emanuele Cacci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Peter J. Rugg-Gunn
- Epigenetics Programme; The Babraham Institute; Cambridge UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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13
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Feng W, Liu HK, Kawauchi D. CRISPR-engineered genome editing for the next generation neurological disease modeling. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:459-467. [PMID: 28536069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders often occur because of failure of proper brain development and/or appropriate maintenance of neuronal circuits. In order to understand roles of causative factors (e.g. genes, cell types) in disease development, generation of solid animal models has been one of straight-forward approaches. Recent next generation sequencing studies on human patient-derived clinical samples have identified various types of recurrent mutations in individual neurological diseases. While these discoveries have prompted us to evaluate impact of mutated genes on these neurological diseases, a feasible but flexible genome editing tool had remained to be developed. An advance of genome editing technology using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with the CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) offers us a tremendous potential to create a variety of mutations in the cell, leading to "next generation" disease models carrying disease-associated mutations. We will here review recent progress of CRISPR-based brain disease modeling studies and discuss future requirement to tackle current difficulties in usage of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Feng
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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14
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Feng W, Shao C, Liu HK. Versatile Roles of the Chromatin Remodeler CHD7 during Brain Development and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:309. [PMID: 29033785 PMCID: PMC5625114 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD7 (Chromo-Helicase-DNA binding protein 7) protein is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler. Heterozygous mutation of the CHD7 gene causes a severe congenital disease known as CHARGE syndrome. Most CHARGE syndrome patients have brain structural anomalies, implicating an important role of CHD7 during brain development. In this review, we summarize studies dissecting developmental functions of CHD7 in the brain and discuss pathogenic mechanisms behind neurodevelopmental defects caused by mutation of CHD7. As we discussed, CHD7 protein exhibits a remarkably specific and dynamic expression pattern in the brain. Studies in human and animal models have revealed that CHD7 is involved in multiple developmental lineages and processes in the brain. Mechanistically, CHD7 is essential for neural differentiation due to its transcriptional regulation in progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Feng
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chunxuan Shao
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Satomi K, Wang Q, Oh JE, Hutter B, Brors B, Diessl N, Liu HK, Wolf S, Wiestler O, Kleihues P, Koelsch B, Kindler-Rohrborn A, Ohgaki H. Abstract 4807: Braf mutations initiate the development of rat gliomas induced by postnatal exposure to N-ethyl- N-nitrosourea (ENU). Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
A single dose of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) during late prenatal or early postnatal development induces a high incidence of malignant schwannomas and gliomas in rats. Although T -> A mutations in the transmembrane domain of the neu (c-ErbB-2) gene are the driver mutations in ENU-induced malignant schwannomas, the molecular basis of ENU-induced gliomas was unknown. The objectives of this study were to identify driver mutations in ENU-induced rat gliomas.
Methods
We performed whole-genome sequencing of gliomas that developed in three BDIV and two BDIX rats exposed to a single dose of 80 mg ENU/kg body weight on postnatal day one.
Results
T:A->A:T and T:A->C:G mutations, which are typical for ENU-induced mutagenesis, were predominant (41-55% of all somatic single nucleotide mutations). T->A mutations were detected in all 5 rat gliomas at Braf codon 545 (V545E), which corresponds to the human BRAF V600E. Additional screening revealed that 33 gliomas in BDIV rats and 12 gliomas in BDIX rats all carried a Braf V545E mutation, while peritumoral brain tissue of either strain (n=16) had the wild-type sequence. The gliomas were immunoreactive to BRAF V600E antibody.
Conclusions
Braf mutation is a frequent early event in the development of rat gliomas caused by a single dose of ENU.
Citation Format: Kaishi Satomi, Qi Wang, Ji Eun Oh, Barbara Hutter, Benedikt Brors, Nicolle Diessl, Hai-Kun Liu, Stephan Wolf, Otmar Wiestler, Paul Kleihues, Bernd Koelsch, Andrea Kindler-Rohrborn, Hiroko Ohgaki. Braf mutations initiate the development of rat gliomas induced by postnatal exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4807. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4807
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishi Satomi
- 1International Agency for Res. on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Qi Wang
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- 1International Agency for Res. on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Hutter
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hai-Kun Liu
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolf
- 2German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Otmar Wiestler
- 4Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hiroko Ohgaki
- 1International Agency for Res. on Cancer, Lyon, France
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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17
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Feng W, Kawauchi D, Körkel-Qu H, Deng H, Serger E, Sieber L, Lieberman JA, Jimeno-González S, Lambo S, Hanna BS, Harim Y, Jansen M, Neuerburg A, Friesen O, Zuckermann M, Rajendran V, Gronych J, Ayrault O, Korshunov A, Jones DTW, Kool M, Northcott PA, Lichter P, Cortés-Ledesma F, Pfister SM, Liu HK. Chd7 is indispensable for mammalian brain development through activation of a neuronal differentiation programme. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14758. [PMID: 28317875 PMCID: PMC5364396 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in chromatin modifier genes are frequently associated with neurodevelopmental diseases. We herein demonstrate that the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (Chd7), frequently associated with CHARGE syndrome, is indispensable for normal cerebellar development. Genetic inactivation of Chd7 in cerebellar granule neuron progenitors leads to cerebellar hypoplasia in mice, due to the impairment of granule neuron differentiation, induction of apoptosis and abnormal localization of Purkinje cells, which closely recapitulates known clinical features in the cerebella of CHARGE patients. Combinatory molecular analyses reveal that Chd7 is required for the maintenance of open chromatin and thus activation of genes essential for granule neuron differentiation. We further demonstrate that both Chd7 and Top2b are necessary for the transcription of a set of long neuronal genes in cerebellar granule neurons. Altogether, our comprehensive analyses reveal a mechanism with chromatin remodellers governing brain development via controlling a core transcriptional programme for cell-specific differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Feng
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ–ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Huiqin Körkel-Qu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ–ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Huan Deng
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ–ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Serger
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ–ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laura Sieber
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jenna Ariel Lieberman
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Silvia Jimeno-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Sander Lambo
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Bola S. Hanna
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Yassin Harim
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ–ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Malin Jansen
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ–ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anna Neuerburg
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ–ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Olga Friesen
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ–ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marc Zuckermann
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Vijayanad Rajendran
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jan Gronych
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Bâtiment 110, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - David T. W. Jones
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Paul A. Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Peter Lichter
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Felipe Cortés-Ledesma
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Stefan M. Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ–ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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18
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Wang Q, Satomi K, Oh JE, Hutter B, Brors B, Diessl N, Liu HK, Wolf S, Wiestler O, Kleihues P, Koelsch B, Kindler-Röhrborn A, Ohgaki H. Braf Mutations Initiate the Development of Rat Gliomas Induced by Postnatal Exposure to N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea. Am J Pathol 2016; 186:2569-76. [PMID: 27658714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A single dose of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) during late prenatal or early postnatal development induces a high incidence of malignant schwannomas and gliomas in rats. Although T->A mutations in the transmembrane domain of the Neu (c-ErbB-2) gene are the driver mutations in ENU-induced malignant schwannomas, the molecular basis of ENU-induced gliomas remains enigmatic. We performed whole-genome sequencing of gliomas that developed in three BDIV and two BDIX rats exposed to a single dose of 80 mg ENU/kg body weight on postnatal day one. T:A->A:T and T:A->C:G mutations, which are typical for ENU-induced mutagenesis, were predominant (41% to 55% of all somatic single nucleotide mutations). T->A mutations were identified in all five rat gliomas at Braf codon 545 (V545E), which corresponds to the human BRAF V600E. Additional screening revealed that 33 gliomas in BDIV rats and 12 gliomas in BDIX rats all carried a Braf V545E mutation, whereas peritumoral brain tissue of either strain had the wild-type sequence. The gliomas were immunoreactive to BRAF V600E antibody. These results indicate that Braf mutation is a frequent early event in the development of rat gliomas caused by a single dose of ENU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kaishi Satomi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Hutter
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolle Diessl
- High Throughput Sequencing Unit, Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolf
- High Throughput Sequencing Unit, Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Otmar Wiestler
- Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Kleihues
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Koelsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kindler-Röhrborn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hiroko Ohgaki
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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19
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Pajtler KW, Brabetz S, Mauermann M, Mack N, Sieber L, Jones DTW, Witt H, Körkel-Qu H, Zuckermann M, Gronych J, Korshunov A, Capper D, Liu HK, Pfister SM, Kool M, Kawauchi D. EPN-30YAP1-MAMLD1 FUSIONS ALONE ARE SUFFICIENT TO FORM SUPRATENTORIAL EPENDYMOMA-LIKE TUMORS IN MICE. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now070.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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20
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Liu TJ, Sun LF, Shan XH, Wu Y, Su SZ, Li SP, Liu HK, Han JY, Yuan YP. Analysis of DNA methylation patterns and levels in maize hybrids and their parents. Genet Mol Res 2014. [PMID: 25366740 DOI: 10.1007/s10535-015-0490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterosis is the superior performance of heterozygous individuals and has been widely exploited in plant breeding, although the underlying regulatory mechanisms still remain largely elusive. To understand the molecular basis of heterosis in maize, in this study, roots and leaves at the seedling stage and embryos and endosperm tissues 15 days after fertilization of 2 elite hybrids and their parental lines were used to estimate the levels and patterns of cytosine methylation by the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The relative total methylation levels were lower in all the tissues of all hybrids than their corresponding mid-parent values, and the number of demethylation events was higher in the hybrids. These results implied that the decreasing trend and demethylation in hybrids relative to their parents may enable the derepression and possibly expression of many genes that were associated with the phenotypic variation in hybrids. To further analyze the observed methylation pattern changes, a total of 63 differentially displayed DNA fragments were successfully sequenced. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis showed that 11 fragments shared similarity with known functional proteins in maize or other plant species, including metabolism, transposon/retrotransposon, development, stress response, and signal transduction, which indicated that these genes might play a significant role in maize hybrid vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - L F Sun
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X H Shan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Wu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - S Z Su
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - S P Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H K Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Y Han
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y P Yuan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Liu TJ, Sun LF, Shan XH, Wu Y, Su SZ, Li SP, Liu HK, Han JY, Yuan YP. Analysis of DNA methylation patterns and levels in maize hybrids and their parents. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:8458-68. [PMID: 25366740 DOI: 10.4238/2014.october.20.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Heterosis is the superior performance of heterozygous individuals and has been widely exploited in plant breeding, although the underlying regulatory mechanisms still remain largely elusive. To understand the molecular basis of heterosis in maize, in this study, roots and leaves at the seedling stage and embryos and endosperm tissues 15 days after fertilization of 2 elite hybrids and their parental lines were used to estimate the levels and patterns of cytosine methylation by the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The relative total methylation levels were lower in all the tissues of all hybrids than their corresponding mid-parent values, and the number of demethylation events was higher in the hybrids. These results implied that the decreasing trend and demethylation in hybrids relative to their parents may enable the derepression and possibly expression of many genes that were associated with the phenotypic variation in hybrids. To further analyze the observed methylation pattern changes, a total of 63 differentially displayed DNA fragments were successfully sequenced. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis showed that 11 fragments shared similarity with known functional proteins in maize or other plant species, including metabolism, transposon/retrotransposon, development, stress response, and signal transduction, which indicated that these genes might play a significant role in maize hybrid vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - L F Sun
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X H Shan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Wu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - S Z Su
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - S P Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H K Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Y Han
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y P Yuan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Lin H, Yin Z, Yu XY, Lin N, Lin Y, Chen J, Chen YZ, Lu KP, Liu HK. Variants -250G/A and -514C/T in the LIPC gene are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Chinese women. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:6126-34. [PMID: 25117371 DOI: 10.4238/2014.august.7.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We examined the influence of the promoter polymorphisms -250G/A (rs2070895) and -514C/T (rs1800588) in the human hepatic lipase (LIPC) gene on dyslipidemia and hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy (HDCP) in a Chinese population. Clinically defined HDCP patients (N = 321) and healthy pregnant women (N = 331) were recruited and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for the two LIPC single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The results showed significant relationships between HDCP and triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05), which confirmed that HDCP was accompanied by dyslipidemia. The results also demonstrated that in gestational hypertension (GH) patients, both total cholesterol (TC) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels were related to the two SNPs (P ≤ 0.004), although no significant association was found between HDCP and LIPC genotypes or alleles. Significant linkage disequilibrium of the two SNPs was found in both HDCP patients (R(2) = 0.867) and controls (R(2) = 0.91). Body mass index (BMI) was associated with -250G/A in women with mild preeclampsia (MPE) (P = 0.01). Carriers of the mutant homozygote -250AA genotype presented higher BMI in the MPE group. In conclusion, the LIPC -250G/A and -514C/T variants influenced TC and SBP levels in GH patients and the BMI level in the MPE group, although there was no evidence to validate an association between HDCP and LIPC allele, genotype, or haplotype frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Z Yin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - X Y Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - N Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Fujian Women's and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Fujian Women's and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y Z Chen
- Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - K P Lu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - H K Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Feng
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group-Normal and Neoplastic CNS Stem Cells; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group-Normal and Neoplastic CNS Stem Cells; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance; Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Wang Y, Liu HK, Schütz G. Role of the nuclear receptor Tailless in adult neural stem cells. Mech Dev 2013; 130:388-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Salari M, Rezaee M, Chidembo AT, Konstantinov K, Liu HK. Rietveld analysis of the effect of annealing atmosphere on phase evolution of nanocrystalline TiO2 powders. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:4724-4728. [PMID: 22905522 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The structural evolution of nanocrystalline TiO2 was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Rietveld refinement method (RRM). TiO2 powders were prepared by the sol-gel technique. Post annealing of as-synthesized powders in the temperature range from 500 degrees C to 800 degrees C under air and argon atmospheres led to the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles with mean crystallite size in the range of 37-165 nm, based on the Rietveld refinement results. It was found that the phase structure, composition, and crystallite size of the resulting particles were dependent on not only the annealing temperature, but also the annealing atmosphere. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data showed that annealing the powders under argon atmosphere promoted the polymorphic phase transformation from anatase to rutile. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to investigate the morphology and size of the annealed powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salari
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), ARC Centre for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
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26
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Peterziel H, Müller J, Danner A, Barbus S, Liu HK, Radlwimmer B, Pietsch T, Lichter P, Schütz G, Hess J, Angel P. Expression of podoplanin in human astrocytic brain tumors is controlled by the PI3K-AKT-AP-1 signaling pathway and promoter methylation. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:426-39. [PMID: 22394497 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we found strong overexpression of the mucin-type glycoprotein podoplanin (PDPN) in human astrocytic brain tumors, specifically in primary glioblastoma multiforme (GB). In the current study, we show an inverse correlation between PDPN expression and PTEN levels in primary human GB and glioma cell lines, and we report elevated PDPN protein levels in the subventricular zone of brain tissue sections of PTEN-deficient mice. In human glioma cells lacking functional PTEN, reintroduction of wild-type PTEN, inhibition of the PTEN downstream target protein kinase B/AKT, or interference with transcription factor AP-1 function resulted in efficient downregulation of PDPN expression. In addition, we observed hypoxia-dependent PDPN transcriptional control and demonstrated that PDPN expression is subject to negative transcriptional regulation by promoter methylation in human GB and in glioma cell lines. Treatment of PTEN-negative glioma cells with demethylating agents induced expression of PDPN. Together, our findings show that increased PDPN expression in human GB is caused by loss of PTEN function and activation of the PI3K-AKT-AP-1 signaling pathway, accompanied by epigenetic regulation of PDPN promoter activity. Silencing of PDPN expression leads to reduced proliferation and migration of glioma cells, suggesting a functional role of PDPN in glioma progression and malignancy. Thus, specific targeting of PDPN expression and/or function could be a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with primary GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Peterziel
- Divisions of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Liu HK, Wang Y, Belz T, Bock D, Takacs A, Radlwimmer B, Barbus S, Reifenberger G, Lichter P, Schütz G. The nuclear receptor tailless induces long-term neural stem cell expansion and brain tumor initiation. Genes Dev 2010; 24:683-95. [PMID: 20360385 DOI: 10.1101/gad.560310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, and are associated with frequent resistance to therapy as well as poor prognosis. Here we demonstrate that the nuclear receptor tailless (Tlx), which in the adult is expressed exclusively in astrocyte-like B cells of the subventricular zone, acts as a key regulator of neural stem cell (NSC) expansion and brain tumor initiation from NSCs. Overexpression of Tlx antagonizes age-dependent exhaustion of NSCs in mice and leads to migration of stem/progenitor cells from their natural niche. The increase of NSCs persists with age, and leads to efficient production of newborn neurons in aged brain tissues. These cells initiate the development of glioma-like lesions and gliomas. Glioma development is accelerated upon loss of the tumor suppressor p53. Tlx-induced NSC expansion and gliomagenesis are associated with increased angiogenesis, which allows for the migration and maintenance of brain tumor stem cells in the perivascular niche. We also demonstrate that Tlx transcripts are overexpressed in human primary glioblastomas in which Tlx expression is restricted to a subpopulation of nestin-positive perivascular tumor cells. Our study clearly demonstrates how NSCs contribute to brain tumorgenesis driven by a stem cell-specific transcription factor, thus providing novel insights into the histogenesis and molecular pathogenesis of primary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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28
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Yao J, Park JS, Konstantinov K, Wang GX, Ahn JH, Wang J, Liu HK. Electrochemical performance of nanocrystalline SnO2-carbon nanotube composites as anode in lithium-ion cells. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:1474-1478. [PMID: 19441550 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.c182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SnO2-carbon nanotube composites were prepared by chemical treatment of tin chloride salt mixed with carbon nanotubes, followed by heat-treatment at high temperature. Nanosize SnO2 particles were formed and embedded in a carbon nanotube matrix. TEM and HRTEM observation confirmed the homogeneous distribution of SnO2 nanoparticles. SnO2-carbon nanotube anodes demonstrated high lithium storage capacity and stable cyclability, which could be attributed to the nanosize SnO2 crystals and the formation of carbon nanotube networks in the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yao
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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29
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Liu HK, Belz T, Bock D, Takacs A, Wu H, Lichter P, Chai M, Schütz G. The nuclear receptor tailless is required for neurogenesis in the adult subventricular zone. Genes Dev 2008; 22:2473-8. [PMID: 18794344 DOI: 10.1101/gad.479308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The tailless (Tlx) gene encodes an orphan nuclear receptor that is expressed by neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult brain of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG). The function of Tlx in neural stem cells of the adult SVZ remains largely unknown. We show here that in the SVZ of the adult brain Tlx is exclusively expressed in astrocyte-like B cells. An inducible mutation of the Tlx gene in the adult brain leads to complete loss of SVZ neurogenesis. Furthermore, analysis indicates that Tlx is required for the transition from radial glial cells to astrocyte-like neural stem cells. These findings demonstrate the crucial role of Tlx in the generation and maintenance of NSCs in the adult SVZ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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30
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Liu HK, Schütz G. Expression of the nuclear receptor tailless is required for generation and maintenance of adult neural stem cells and participates in brain tumor generation. Cell Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/cr.2008.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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31
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Belz T, Liu HK, Bock D, Takacs A, Vogt M, Wintermantel T, Brandwein C, Gass P, Greiner E, Schütz G. Inactivation of the gene for the nuclear receptor tailless in the brain preserving its function in the eye. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:2222-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Guo ZP, Ng SH, Wang JZ, Huang ZG, Liu HK, Too CO, Wallace GG. Electrochemical hydrogen storage in single-walled carbon nanotube paper. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2006; 6:713-8. [PMID: 16573126 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2006.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) papers were successfully prepared by dispersing SWNTs in Triton X-100 solution, then filtered by PVDF membrane (0.22 microm pore size). The electrochemical behavior and the reversible hydrogen storage capacity of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) papers have been investigated in alkaline electrolytic solutions (6 N KOH) by cyclic voltammetry, linear micropolarization, and constant current charge/discharge measurements. The effect of thickness and the addition of carbon black on hydrogen adsorption/desorption were also investigated. It was found that the electrochemical charge-discharge mechanism occurring in SWNT paper electrodes is somewhere between that of carbon nanotubes (physical process) and that of metal hydride electrodes (chemical process), and consists of a charge-transfer reaction (Reduction/Oxidation) and a diffusion step (Diffusion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z P Guo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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33
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Needham SA, Wang GX, Liu HK, Yang L. Nickel oxide nanotubes: synthesis and electrochemical performance for use in lithium ion batteries. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2006; 6:77-81. [PMID: 16573073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Uniform and aligned Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanotube bundles have been synthesized by a template process. Individual nanotubes are 60 microm long with a 200 nm outer diameter and wall thickness of 20-30 nm. The synthesis involved forming Ni(OH)2 nanotubes that were subsequently heated to 350 degrees C in order to fully convert the product to NiO nanotubes. NiO nanotube powder was used in lithium-ion cells for assessment of lithium storage ability and electrochemical performance. Discharge capacity of the NiO nanotube electrode was in excess of 30% higher than that of the standard NiO nanocrystalline powder electrode after 20 cycles. Impedance data suggests the NiO nanotube electrode provides more controlled and sustainable Li diffusion when compared to the NiO reference powder electrode system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Needham
- Energy Storage Materials Group, Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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34
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Green BD, Liu HK, McCluskey JT, Duffy NA, O'Harte FPM, McClenaghan NH, Flatt PR. Function of a long-term, GLP-1-treated, insulin-secreting cell line is improved by preventing DPP IV-mediated degradation of GLP-1. Diabetes Obes Metab 2005; 7:563-9. [PMID: 16050949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important insulinotropic hormone with potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the short biological half-life of the peptide after cleavage by dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) is a major limitation. Inhibition of DPP IV activity and the development of resistant GLP-1 analogues is the subject of ongoing research. In this study, we determined cell growth, insulin content, insulin accumulation and insulin secretory function of a insulin-secreting cell line cultured for 3 days with either GLP-1, GLP-1 plus the DPP IV inhibitor diprotin A (DPA) or stable N-acetyl-GLP-1. Native GLP-1 was rapidly degraded by DPP IV during culture with accumulation of the inactive metabolite GLP-1(9-36)amide. Inclusion of DPA or use of the DPP IV-resistant analogue, N-acetyl-GLP-1, improved cellular function compared to exposure to GLP-1 alone. Most notably, basal and accumulated insulin secretion was enhanced, and glucose responsiveness was improved. However, prolonged GLP-1 treatment resulted in GLP-1 receptor desensitization regardless of DPP IV status. The results indicate that prevention of DPP IV action is necessary for beneficial effects of GLP-1 on pancreatic beta cells and that prolonged exposure to GLP-1(9-36)amide may be detrimental to insulin secretory function. These observations also support the ongoing development of DPP-IV-resistant forms of GLP-1, such as N-acetyl-GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Green
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK.
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35
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Wang GX, Yang L, Wang JZ, Liu HK, Dou SX. Enhancement of ionic conductivity of PEO based polymer electrolyte by the addition of nanosize ceramic powders. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2005; 5:1135-40. [PMID: 16108440 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2005.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ionic conductivity of polyethylene oxide (PEO) based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) has been improved by the addition of nanosize ceramic powders (TiO2 and AL2O3). The PEO based solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by the solution-casting method. Electrochemical measurement shows that the 10 wt% TiO2 PEO-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte has the best ionic conductivity (about 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 40-60 degrees C). The lithium transference number of the 10 wt% TiO2 PEO-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte was measured to be 0.47, which is much higher than that of bare PEO polymer electrolyte. Ac impedance testing shows that the interface resistance of ceramic-added PEO polymer electrolyte is stable. Linear sweep voltammetry measurement shows that the PEO polymer electrolytes are electrochemically stable in the voltage range of 2.0-5.0 V versus a Li/Li+ reference electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
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36
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Liu HK, Wei ZM. [Recent advances in soybean genetic transformation]. Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao 2005; 31:126-34. [PMID: 15840930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Great advances have been achieved in soybean transformation recently. Here, the main progress in soybean transformation and the protocol of some good systems are described. Some important factors affecting Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Kun Liu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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37
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Abstract
A polycystic ovarian follicle (PCOF) syndrome associated with high baseline concentrations of progesterone (P4) without preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surges has been reported in turkey hens. The PCOF syndrome could be induced in turkey hens by injecting P4 (0.33 mg/kg per d) daily early in the reproductive period for 10 to 12 d and then waiting 3 wk for the syndrome to develop. It was hypothesized that an arrest in laying associated with the PCOF syndrome could be induced by daily injection of P4 in restricted-fed broiler breeder hens. Hens were divided into 5 treatment groups and were injected subcutaneously daily with P4 in canola oil at dosages of 0, 0.17, 0.33, 0.5, and 1.5 mg/kg per d for 13 d, at 14 wk of egg production when they were 41 wk of age. Blood samples were collected on d 7 and 13 immediately before P4 injection. Oviductal and ovarian morphologies were measured at necropsy 1 d after the last P4 injection. Egg production rate was reduced by injection of P4 at dosages < 0.17 mg/kg per d. At dosages of 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg per d, ovarian hierarchical follicles had regressed. None of the broiler breeder hens had the PCOF syndrome at necropsy, but a high incidence of hens holding hard-shelled uterine eggs for several days was observed. Concentrations of LH decreased with P4 injection at > 0.17 mg/kg per d, and P4 concentrations were increased with P4 injection at > 0.5 mg/kg per d. Estradiol-17beta (E2) concentrations were decreased at all P4 dosages. It was concluded that egg production rate was reduced by daily injection of P4 at dosages > 0.17 mg/kg per d, and egg production ceased and ovarian follicles and the oviduct regressed at dosages > 0.50 mg/kg per d. The PCOF syndrome, however, was not induced in restricted-fed broiler breeder hens by P4 injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio 44691-4096, USA
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38
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Liu HK, Wei ZM. [Transgenic soybean obtained with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of embryonic tip of soybean mature seeds]. Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao 2004; 30:631-6. [PMID: 15643082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Regenerated embryonic tips were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105, which contains binary vector pCAMBIA2301, and cultured for 20 h. Our results showed that the T-DNA transfer efficiency reached up to 63.3% (Table 1) and the transformation efficiency reached up to 6.4%-12.1% (Table 2). The effect of infection time on T-DNA delivery into soybean embryonic tips was determined (Table 1). We also discuss the effects of days of co-cultivation to transient expression and the effects of different AS concentrations to transient expression of gus gene (Figs. 1,2). These data indicate that the embryonic tip regeneration system can be used for efficient, effective Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Kun Liu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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39
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Abstract
Young laying turkey hens ceased laying and developed a polycystic ovarian follicle (PCOF) syndrome 3 wk after injections of progesterone (P4) ceased. It was hypothesized that laying Japanese quail chronically injected with progesterone (P4) would respond with reduced or arrested egg production and altered ovarian morphology similar to that seen in turkeys expressing the PCOF syndrome, and could thus serve as a model to study the PCOF syndrome. To test these hypotheses, 6 trials were conducted with young photosensitive Japanese quail photostimulated to induce sexual maturity with either 24L:0D or 14L:10D at 6 or 8 wk of age, and used after 3 to 5 wk of egg production. The quail were injected once daily at dosages of 0, 0.17, 0.33, 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 mg of P4/kg per d, or twice daily at dosages of 0 and 1.5 mg of P4/kg for 8 to 14 d and were then necropsied 1 d after the last injection or after waiting an additional 8 to 14 d. During the injection period, egg production was not different among P4 dosages <1.5 mg of P4/kg per d, but decreased at dosages of 1.5 mg of P4/kg per d or greater. A decrease in egg production was found with twice daily injections of 1.5 mg of P4/kg. The decrease in egg production rate ceased and egg production resumed 5 to 7 d after the last injections of 3.0 and 4.5 mg of P4/kg per d or twice-daily injections of 1.5 mg of P4/kg. Compared with control hens, a high percentage of hens (from 12 to 75%) held a hard-shelled egg in the uterus during single daily injections at dosages of 3.0 and 4.5 mg of P4/kg per d and twice daily injections of 1.5 mg of P4/kg. Ovary and oviductal weights, and number of hierarchical follicles were not changed after chronic P4 injection, but more atretic follicles were found in hens at the end of 8 to 12 d of P4 injection. In conclusion, a decreasing egg production rate was induced by chronic P4 injection, but the decrease ceased and egg production resumed 5 to 7 d after the last injections in laying Japanese quail. Young quail hens, unlike young turkey hens, did not develop a PCOF-like syndrome after P4 injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio 44691-4096, USA
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40
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Liu HK, Yang C, Wei ZM. Efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of soybeans using an embryonic tip regeneration system. Planta 2004; 219:1042-9. [PMID: 15605177 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-004-1310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the establishment of an efficient, in vitro, shoot organogenesis, regeneration system for soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Mature soybean seeds were soaked for 24 h, the embryonic tips were collected and cultured on MSB5 medium supplemented with 3.5 mg l(-1) N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 24 h, and explants were transferred to MSB5 medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l(-1) BAP and 0.2 mg l(-1) indolebutyric acid. Use of embryonic tips yielded a higher regeneration frequency (87.7%) than regeneration systems using cotyledonary nodes (40.3%) and hypocotyl segments (56.4%) as starting materials. Regenerated embryonic tips were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105, which contains the binary vector pCAMBIA2301, and cultured for 20 h. Our results showed that the T-DNA transfer efficiency reached up to 78.2% and the transformation efficiency reached up to 15.8%. These data indicate that the embryonic tip regeneration system can be used for efficient, effective Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Kun Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Biology Science, CAS, 300 Fenglin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
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41
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Zhao ZW, Konstantinov K, Yuan L, Liu HK, Dou SX. In-situ fabrication of nanostructured cobalt oxide powders by spray pyrolysis technique. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2004; 4:861-866. [PMID: 15570973 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2004.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nano-crystalline Co3O4 and CoO powders have been prepared by a spray pyrolysis approach. The effects of the reaction temperature and initial salts on the crystallinity and phase composition have been studied. Based on the TEM and XRD results, the crystal sizes were in the range of 1-10 nm. SEM and TEM observations also reveal that the nano-powders easily create micron-scale spherical agglomerates. The Co3O4 powders obtained by spraying nitrate solution at 500 degrees C show high specific surface area, which according to the BET method is 82.37 m2/g. The time/temperature phase diagram of cobalt oxides developed from XRD and DTA/TGA analyses shows the existence of a CoO phase at low and high temperature ranges when some specific preparation conditions are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W Zhao
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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42
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Liu HK, Lilburn MS, Koyyeri B, Anderson JW, Bacon WL. Preovulatory surge patterns of luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and estradiol-17β in broiler breeder hens fed ad libitum or restricted fed. Poult Sci 2004; 83:823-9. [PMID: 15141842 DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.5.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous ovulations are induced by preovulatory surges of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (P4) during ovulatory cycles in birds, but estradiol-17beta (E2) levels are relatively constant. Egg production is enhanced in restricted fed (RF) in comparison with ad libitum fed (FF) broiler breeder hens, but changes in concentrations and peripheral patterns of LH, P4, and E2 during ovulatory cycles in broiler breeder hens are poorly documented. The hypothesis of this study was that high resolution patterns of peripheral LH, P4, and E2 during preovulatory surges would not be different between FF and RF broiler breeder hens. Seven FF and 6 RF broiler breeder hens were photostimulated with 16 L:8 D at 22 wk of age. At 28 wk of age, the hens were cannulated for serial blood sampling and switched to a 24L:0D photoperiod to allow preovulatory surges of LH and P4 to run freely. Three days after cannulation, hens were serially bled every 12 min for 36 h. The FF hens were heavier than the RF hens (5.60 +/- 0.35 vs. 3.60 +/- 0.28 kg, respectively; P < 0.01). During the 10 d before cannulation, total egg production of the FF and RF hens (8.3 +/- 1.4 and 6.8 +/- 1.3 eggs, respectively; P = 0.08) and normal egg production (5.6 +/- 1.8 and 6.5 +/- 1.8 eggs, respectively; P = 0.37) were not different. The FF hens, however, had more abnormal eggs than the RF hens (2.7 +/- 1.7 and 0.3 +/- 0.8 eggs, respectively; P < 0.01). None of the hormonal measurements was different between the FF and RF hens (P > 0.05). The concentrations of hormones for the FF and RF hens, respectively, were as follows: baseline LH (2.79 +/- 0.45 vs. 2.94 +/- 0.60 ng/mL) and P4 (1.68 +/- 0.56 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.43 ng/mL), overall mean LH (3.18 +/- 0.45 vs. 3.10 +/- 0.46 ng/mL) and P4 (2.32 +/- 0.55 vs. 2.09 +/- 0.91 ng/ mL), preovulatory surge amplitude of LH (5.43 +/- 1.27 vs. 3.88 +/- 1.24 ng/mL) and P4 (6.08 +/- 2.09 vs. 6.71 +/- 3.91 ng/ mL), preovulatory surge duration of LH (7.52 +/- 1.80 vs. 5.74 +/- 3.18 h) and P4 (7.52 +/- 1.42 vs. 8.20 +/- 1.24 h), and overall mean E2 (0.25 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.05 ng/mL). In conclusion, there were no differences in total egg production or normal egg production between FF and RF broiler breeder hens, but the FF hens laid more abnormal eggs. Also, there were no differences in the concentrations or peripheral patterns of LH, P4, and E2 during preovulatory surges between the FF and RF broiler breeder hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio 44691-4096, USA
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43
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Abstract
A cannulation and serial bleeding procedure has been developed to monitor the peripheral patterns of hormones associated with reproduction for up to 10 d in broiler breeder hens. Hens were cannulated via the jugular vein and returned to individual cages. The unrestrained cannulated hens were connected to a tether and swivel system that permitted constant infusion for maintenance of the cannula prior to serial bleeding and unrestrained long-term serial bleeding for up to 10 d. In a short-term experiment hens were bled every 12 min for 36 h, and in a long-term experiment hens were bled hourly for 10 d. In these experiments, 1.5-mL blood samples were collected at each time point with sodium citrate as the anticoagulant. To avoid hemodilution, after removal of plasma the red blood cells were reconstituted with saline to the original volume and returned to the hen of origin. Collection of serial blood samples was successful from 94% of hens in the short-term experiment and 79% of hens in the long-term experiment. Egg production was not affected (P > 0.05) during the 6 wk following serial bleeding in the short-term experiment. For hens that continued laying, egg production for 10 d prior to cannulation was not different (P > 0.05) from egg production for the 10 d during serial bleeding in the long-term experiment. However, late in the reproductive cycle many hens (25%) stopped laying when serially bled. It is concluded that this cannulation procedure can be used to study short-term or long-term peripheral patterns of hormones associated with oviposition and ovulation in laying broiler breeder hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio 44691-4096, USA
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Guo ZP, Ahn JH, Liu HK, Dou SX. Characterization of nanoparticles of LiMn2O4 synthesized by a one-step intermediate-temperature solid-state reaction. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2004; 4:162-166. [PMID: 15112561 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2004.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) with a spinel structure have been synthesized by a one-step intermediate temperature solid-state reaction. The influence of the molar ratio of citric acid to the metal ions on the physicochemical properties of LiMn2O4 powders in air has been analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction and electron microscope techniques. The electrochemical behavior of the material has been examined by charge/discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry. Test results reveal that LiMn2O4 particles with lower molar ratios of citric acid to metal ions (1:2) are highly crystalline and highly electrochemically reversible, with better cycle capabilities when compared with a sample with a higher molar ratio (2:1). The LiMn2O4 powders obtained by this method have a uniform morphology with a narrow size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z P Guo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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45
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Bacon WL, Liu HK. Influence of photoperiod and age of photostimulation on the incidence of polycystic ovarian follicle syndrome in turkey breeder hens. Poult Sci 2003; 82:1985-9. [PMID: 14717558 DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.12.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An arrest in egg laying associated with a polycystic ovarian follicle syndrome (PCOF) has been recently reported early in the egg production period in turkey hens photostimulated at 30 wk of age (WOA) with continuous light. When autopsied 2 to 3 wk after laying ceased, the ovaries of PCOF hens contained an increased number of mature size (F1) yolky follicles in comparison with normally laying hens plus several larger cystic follicles, while their oviducts were equal in weight to oviducts of hens laying normally. Four experiments were conducted to examine effects of age at photostimulation and photoperiod [14L:10D (14L) or continuous lighting 24L:0D (24L)] on the incidence of the PCOF syndrome. Turkey hens of the egg line were given short-day photostimulation of 6L:18D at 16 WOA and then photostimulated with either 14L or 24L at various ages between 26 to 70 WOA. Egg production was followed for 6 to 8 wk, and hens that stopped laying eggs during this period were autopsied 2 to 3 wk later to determine presence and incidence of the PCOF syndrome. At 26 WOA, the PCOF incidence was 80% with 24L lighting and 31% with 14L lighting (P = 0.006). At 28 WOA, the PCOF incidence was 56% with 24L lighting and 25% with 14L lighting (P = 0.072). At 31, 34, and 41 WOA, there were no differences (P > or = 0.10) in incidence of the PCOF syndrome between the 24L and 14L treatments. Within the 24L treatment, the PCOF incidence at 26 and 28 WOA (80 and 56%) were greater than at 31 WOA and older ages (< or = 20%; P < or = 0.025). Within the 14L lighting treatment, the PCOF incidence was not different among ages (26 WOA, 31% to 48 WOA, 0%; P > or = 0.05). It was concluded that the incidence of the PCOF syndrome is greater when photosensitive Egg line turkey hens are photostimulated at relatively young ages (less than 31WOA) and with 24L in comparison to 14L lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Bacon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster Ohio 44691, USA.
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46
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Konstantinov K, Zhong S, Wang CY, Liu HK, Dou SX. Fabrication and properties of spray-dried nanofeatured spherical Ni(OH)2 materials. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2002; 2:675-678. [PMID: 12908433 DOI: 10.1166/153348802321105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spherical agglomerates of nanostructured beta-phase Ni(OH)2 with the general formula Ni1-xCox(OH)2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3) for use as cathode materials were produced by a modified method including coprecipitation of Ni or Ni composite hydroxide and further spray drying of the precipitated and washed slurry. This process leads to the formation of spherical agglomerate particles with a narrow Gaussian-type distribution range. The method permits faster and cheaper production of cathode materials with a higher specific surface area and similar or better capacity and cycle life compared with the materials prepared via conventional technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Konstantinov
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, 2522 Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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47
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Xia X, Shen LL, Guo ZP, Liu HK, Walter G. Nanocrystalline alpha-Ni(OH)2 prepared by ultrasonic precipitation. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2002; 2:45-46. [PMID: 12908319 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2002.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline alpha-Ni(OH)2 was prepared by an ultrasonic precipitation/stirring method. Results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, infrared, and thermogravimetric measurements confirm that the sample obtained is alpha phase. Compared with the sample prepared without ultrasonic stirring, the crystal structure of the alpha phase sample has been changed from beta phase. The crystalline size of the sample is about 20 nm, which is smaller than the sample produced without ultrasonic stirring (70 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xia
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
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48
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Zhang H, Zelmon DE, Deng L, Liu HK, Teo BK. Optical limiting behavior of nanosized polyicosahedral gold-silver clusters based on third-order nonlinear optical effects. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:11300-1. [PMID: 11697977 DOI: 10.1021/ja010412n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Materials Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/MLPO) Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Fairborn, Ohio 45433, USA
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Liu HK, Long DW, Bacon WL. Concentration change patterns of luteinizing hormone and progesterone and distribution of hierarchical follicles in normal and arrested laying turkey hens. Poult Sci 2001; 80:1509-18. [PMID: 11599712 DOI: 10.1093/ps/80.10.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Young photosensitive turkey hens of a line selected for increased egg production (Egg line) were photostimulated with constant light [24 h light:0 h darkness] at 30 wk of age. Egg laying became arrested in 6 of 12 the hens after only 2 to 3 wk of laying. Ovarian morphology and changes in concentrations of plasma hormones [luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P4), and estradiol-17beta (E2)] over 10 d of serial bleeding were compared between the arrested laying and normal laying hens. The number of ovarian follicles heavier than 1.0 g was much greater in arrested laying hens, and some of the arrested laying hens presented a polycystic ovarian follicle condition. The oviducts of the arrested laying hens were fully developed and were similar in weight to those of normal laying hens. In arrested laying hens the plasma concentration of LH was relatively low (1.72 +/- 0.30 ng mL(-1)) and without preovulatory surges. In normal laying hens the baseline concentration of LH was 2.60 +/- 0.71 ng mL(-1), and the interval between LH surges was 26.8 h. In the arrested laying hens, the plasma concentration of P4 was relatively high (4.66 +/- 1.28 ng mL(-1)) and without preovulatory surges. In normal laying hens the baseline concentration of P4 between surges was 1.76 +/- 0.24 ng mL(-1). Plasma E2 concentrations were not different between normal laying and arrested laying hens. In conclusion, ovulations and ovipositions ceased in the arrested laying hens, but the entrance of follicles into the follicular hierarchy and hierarchical growth continued, leading to an accumulation of numerous mature follicles in the ovary. In addition, some of the accumulated mature follicles might have resumed growing, leading to the formation of cystic ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, USA
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Liu HK, Long DW, Bacon WL. Preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge interval in old and young laying turkey hens early in the egg production period. Poult Sci 2001; 80:1364-70. [PMID: 11558924 DOI: 10.1093/ps/80.9.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg production rate normally declines with duration of the reproductive period, but hen age and duration of the reproductive period are usually confounded. Initiation of egg production can be delayed in turkey hens with short-day lighting, allowing hen age to be separated from duration of the reproductive period. The objective of the present report is to determine if the interval between luteinizing hormone (LH) surges is different between old and young laying turkey hens during the peak of egg production. Turkey hens were given short-day lighting [6 h light (L):18 h darkness (D)] at 16 wk of age, and were photostimulated with 24L:OD (constant light) at 30 (young hens) or at 70 (old hens) wk of age. Egg production in the young hens started about 2 wk after they were photostimulated, but some of the old hens had started laying at 64 wk of age while under short-day lighting, and all old hens were laying after 1 wk of photostimulation. To monitor the interval between plasma LH surges at peak of production, hens were serially bled hourly for 240 h, starting about 6 wk after photostimulation. The interval of LH surges was not different between young (n = 5) and old (n = 10) laying hens. Not all LH surges were coincident with oviposition of eggs 1 to 2 d later (blind LH surges), and the percentage of young hens with at least one blind LH surge was higher than for old hens (60% of young hens and 10% of old hens). The baseline concentration of LH was not different between the young and old laying hens. In conclusion, the interval between LH surges, baseline concentration of LH, and amplitude of LH surges were not related to age of the hens during the peak rate of lay.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, USA
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