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Szulzewsky F, Arora S, Arakaki A, Sievers P, Bonnin DA, Paddison P, Sahm F, Cimino P, Gujral T, Holland E. MODL-36. EXPRESSION OF YAP1-MAML2 AND CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVE YAP1 DRIVE THE FORMATION OF MENINGIOMA-LIKE TUMORS IN MICE THAT RESEMBLE NF2-MUTANT MENINGIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9661283 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
YAP1 is a transcriptional co-activator and oncogene under the control of the Hippo Signaling Pathway. Functional inactivation of Hippo Pathway tumor suppressors, including NF2, are frequent events in human cancers. Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors, and a large percentage exhibit heterozygous loss of chromosome 22 (harboring the NF2 gene) and functional inactivation of the remaining NF2 gene copy, implicating oncogenic YAP activity in the pathobiology of almost half of these tumors. An alternate type of activating YAP1 mutation are YAP1 gene fusions that have been identified in several cancer subtypes. Recently, fusions between YAP1 and MAML2 have been identified in a subset of pediatric NF2-wild type meningiomas. Here, we show that the expression profile of human YAP1-MAML2-positive pediatric meningiomas resembles that of the common NF2-mutant meningiomas based on global and YAP-related gene expression signatures. We then use the RCAS/tv-a system for postnatal gene transfer and show that the intracranial expression of YAP1-MAML2 in neonatal mice results in the formation of meningioma-like tumors that exert a similar gene expression pattern as seen in human YAP1 fusion-positive and NF2-mutant meningiomas and regulate classical YAP1 target genes. We demonstrate that YAP1-MAML2 exerts oncogenic YAP activity that is resistant to inhibitory Hippo pathway signaling and relies on the interaction with TEAD transcription factors. Pharmacological disruption of this interaction is sufficient to inhibit the viability of YAP1-MAML2-expressing mouse tumors ex vivo. Finally, we show that constitutively active YAP1 (S127/397A-YAP1) is also sufficient to cause the formation of similar meningioma-like tumors suggesting that the YAP component of the gene fusion is the critical driver of these tumors. In summary, our results implicate YAP1-MAML2 as a sufficient oncogenic driver in YAP1-MAML2 fusion-positive meningiomas, which mimic NF2-mutant meningiomas, and highlight TEAD-dependent YAP activity as a potential therapeutic target in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | | | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Patrick Cimino
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | | | - Eric Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA , USA
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2
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Nuechterlein N, Cimino S, Arora S, Shapiro L, Holland E, Gilbert M, Cimino P. BIOM-48. HOXD12 IS AN INDEPENDENTLY PROGNOSTIC AGE-ASSOCIATED INDICATOR FOR POOR SURVIVAL IN OLIGODENDROGLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9661045 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted has variable outcomes that are strongly influenced by patient age. This study aimed to discover novel molecular biomarkers that may characterize an aggressive subgroup of oligodendroglioma that is associated with, but independently prognostic of patient age.
METHODS
Differential gene expression analysis, gene ontology analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis were conducted on TCGA RNA-seq data (N=169) to identify genes and pathways that differ significantly between older and younger patients. Genes whose expression was associated with age and survival in multivariate analyses were further studied using DNA methylation (N=171). The prognostic value of their expression and methylation profiles was then compared to known genomic biomarkers, radiographic features, and histopathologic features. RNA-seq and DNA methylation validation data were obtained from the CGGA (N=44) and a cohort published by Capper et al. (N=144), respectively.
RESULTS
Highly activated pathways in older oligodendrogliomas were linked to developmental transcription factors. Overexpression of HOXD12 was associated with patient age and survival in the TCGA (FDR< 0.01, FDR=1e-5) and the CGGA (p=0.03, p< 1e-3). Hypermethylation of HOXD12 was associated with age, tumor grade, and survival in the TCGA (p< 1e-5, p< 0.001, p< 1e-3) and with age and tumor grade in Capper et al. (p< 0.02, p=0.001). In the TCGA, HOXD12 hypermethylation and overexpression were independently prognostic of NOTCH1 and PIK3CA mutations, loss of 15q, and MYC activation as well as mitotic figures, Ki-67 index, microvascular proliferation, and necrosis. HOXD12 overexpression was also independently prognostic of T1-post contrast enhancement, whole tumor volume, and peritumoral edema volume. We developed a risk-stratification nomogram predicting 5- and 10-year overall survival using patient age, HOXD12 methylation, and WHO grade.
CONCLUSIONS
HOXD12 overexpression and hypermethylation are associated with an aggressive subtype of oligodendroglioma and may serve as superior prognostic biomarkers than previously reported genomic, radiographic, and histopathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Nuechterlein
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Sadie Cimino
- University of Washington, Bothell , Bothell, WA , USA
| | | | - Linda Shapiro
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Mark Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Patrick Cimino
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
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3
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Zhang Y, Yuan F, Grello C, Reon B, Gibert M, Dube C, Dutta A, Holland E, Abounader R. CSIG-07. GAIN-OF-FUNCTION MUTANT P53 REGULATES LONG-NONCODING RNAS IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9660779 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
P53 is frequently mutated in most human cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Many p53 mutants acquire gain-of-function oncogenic effects through only partially understood mechanisms. To investigate the role of gain-of-function mutant p53 (MUT-p53) in GBM, we performed ChIP-seq of wildtype p53 (WT-p53) and MUT-p53 GBM cell lines. Among 2834 unique peaks reads in MUT-p53 cells, we found 242 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with up to 145 fold enrichment relative to WT-p53. LncRNAs regulate many molecular and cellular functions, including gene expression, cell proliferation, death, cancer stem cell renewal and differentiation. We selected lncRNAs SOX21-AS1 and LINC00643 with highly enriched binding by MUT-p53 and investigated their expressions and functions in the p53 pathway. We performed ChIP confirmation of MUT-p53 binding to the promoters of these lncRNAs. We found that these lncRNAs are deregulated in GBM and correlated with GBM patient survival in the TCGA database. To investigate the functions of these LncRNAs, we knocked down their expressions by siRNA, and found significant cell death induced by si-SOX21-AS1, but not by si-LINC00643. Overexpression of LINC00643 in GBM cells led to inhibition of GBM cell proliferation, migration, invasion and in vivo xenograft growth. LINC00643 mediated the effects of MUT-p53. Co-expression of human LINC00643 and its mouse homologous in a RCAS transgenic mouse model of GBM reduced tumor growth and improved animal survival. To elucidate the mechanisms of action of the lncRNA, we performed Chromatin Isolation by RNA purification high-throughput sequencing (CHIRP-seq) to identify its binding targets. We found that LINC00643 binds to HIF1a 5’ promoter/enhancer region. Overexpression of LINC00643 in GBM cells at hypoxia growth condition reduced HIF1a mRNA and protein expression. Our study shows for the first time that gain-of-function mutant p53 regulates a subset of lncRNAs and that the lncRNAs mediate the oncogenic effects of the MUT-p53 in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Feng Yuan
- University of Virginia , Charlottesville , USA
| | | | - Brian Reon
- University of Virginia , Charlottesville , USA
| | | | - Collin Dube
- University of Virginia , Charlottesville , USA
| | | | - Eric Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA , USA
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Nuechterlein N, Li B, Shapiro L, Cimino P, Holland E. BIOM-26. GENOME-WIDE SOMATIC COPY NUMBER ALTERATION SIGNATURES HAVE PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS FOR ADULT ASTROCYTIC GLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9661129 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The molecular landscape of adult diffuse glioma has been extensively characterized by gene expression and DNA methylation profiling, but less attention has been paid to somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) data. This study aimed to give a rigorous, survival-focused analysis of glioma genome-wide SCNA data that builds on our previous work.
METHODS
Detailed survival analyses were conducted on the substructure of UMAP projections of all TCGA glioma (Nf1092), exclusively astrocytic glioma (Nf914), and exclusively IDH-wildtype glioma (Nf528). Results were validated with data from the Glioma Longitudinal Analysis Consortium (GLASS) (Nf224). Clinical factors such as age and MGMT methylation were tested in multivariate survival analyses.
RESULTS
A UMAP projection of TCGA glioma SCNA data generated three distinct clusters composed of entirely oligodendroglioma, predominantly IDH-mutant astrocytoma (C-IDHmut-astro), and predominantly IDH-wildtype glioma (C-IDHwt), respectively. For astrocytic tumors, cluster assignment was independently prognostic of IDH status (p< 0.001): TCGA IDH-mutant astrocytomas that clustered in C-IDHwt had poorer outcomes than their counterparts (p< 0.04) and IDH-wildtype tumors that clustered in C-IDHmut-astro fared better than those that did not (p< 0.01). The distribution of GLASS astrocytic tumors, which is skewed for better survival, supported our results in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (p< 0.001, Fisher’s). Among four distinct subclusters of TCGA IDH-wildtype glioblastomas, the largest was significantly or marginally significantly negatively prognostic compared to each other cluster (p=0.048, p=0.059, p=0.027) and their combination (p=0.002). In the GLASS dataset, inclusion in the largest subcluster was also prognostic (p=0.013) and similar trends were observed between individual clusters (p=0.21, p=0.036, p=0.083). Furthermore, membership to the largest cluster was independently prognostic of MGMT methylation status and several published IDH-wildtype glioblastoma subtypes in the TCGA.
CONCLUSIONS
Unsupervised learning of genome-wide SCNA has prognostic implications for astrocytic glioma. SCNA cluster membership is independently prognostic of MGMT methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Nuechterlein
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Beibin Li
- Microsoft Research , Redmond, WA , USA
| | - Linda Shapiro
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Patrick Cimino
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA , USA
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5
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Rajendran S, Peterson C, Canella A, Hu Y, Gross A, Cam M, Serin-Harmanci A, Distefano R, Nigita G, Wang W, Hester M, Miller K, Elemento O, Roberts R, Holland E, Rao G, Mardis E, Rajappa P. LGG-47. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cell Diversity During Malignant Progression in Glioma. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9164692 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Myeloid cells and macrophages have been shown to promote immunosuppression in high-grade gliomas (HGG), however their roles in malignant progression of low-grade glioma (LGG) are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment during glioma progression using a murine model that recapitulates the malignant progression of low to high-grade glioma. To that end, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on CD45+ immune cells isolated from animals bearing no tumor (NT), LGG, and HGG. We observed an increased infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment of LGG, whereas this infiltration was abrogated in HGG. Our study identified two distinct macrophage clusters across all 3 samples, with signatures of bone marrow derived and resident macrophages, respectively. These macrophages showed an immune-activated phenotype (Stat1, Tnf, Cxcl9 and Cxcl10) in LGG, but then evolved to a more immunosuppressive state (Lgals3, Apoc1 and Id2) in HGG, restricting T cell recruitment and activation. In addition, we identified CD74 and macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) as potential targets for both these distinct macrophage populations, based on their increased expression in LGG and HGG compared to NT. Targeting these factors during the LGG therapeutic window may inhibit myeloid cells and intra-tumoral macrophages and attenuate their immunosuppressive properties and impair malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthi Rajendran
- Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Clayton Peterson
- Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Alessandro Canella
- Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York , NY , USA
| | - Amy Gross
- Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Maren Cam
- Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA
| | | | - Rosario Distefano
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Giovanni Nigita
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Wesley Wang
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Mark Hester
- Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Katherine Miller
- Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine , Columbus, OH , USA
| | | | - Ryan Roberts
- Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Elaine Mardis
- Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Prajwal Rajappa
- Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, OH , USA
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine , Columbus, OH , USA
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6
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Arora S, Nuechterlein N, Pattwell S, Holland E. NCMP-04. BRAIN-UMAP: THE GENETIC INTERSECTION BETWEEN NEUROSCIENCE, NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY, AND ONCOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) is an important tool for understanding genetic mechanisms underlying human diseases and gaining a better insight into complex human diseases. Several ground-breaking projects have uniformly processed RNASeq data from publicly available studies to enable cross-comparison. One noteworthy study is the recount2 pipeline, which in 2017, has reprocessed ~70,0000 samples from Short Read Archive(SRA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). This vast dataset also includes gene expression data for GTEx-defined brain regions, neurological and psychiatric disorders (such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s) and gliomas (such as TCGA, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA)). We apply uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), a non-linear dimension reduction tool, to bulk gene expression data from brain-related diseases to build a BRAIN-UMAP, which allows for visualization of gene expression profiles across datasets. This UMAP shows that while gliomas form a distinct cluster, the neurological and psychiatric diseases are similar to GTEX-defined normal brain regions which exhibit tissue-specific profiles and patterns. Incorporating gliomas from various publicly available datasets also allows for the ability to observe unique clustering of particular subtypes, which can increase our genetic understanding of the disease. We also present a resource where researchers interested in mechanisms, can easily compare, and contrast the expression of a given gene and/or pathway of interest across various diseases, gliomas, and normal brain regions. Our current study, focusing on brain related diseases, offers insight into what may be possible for the broader neuroscientific community if we continually reprocess newly available brain related RNASeq samples using recount2. Additionally, if we build similar uniformly processing pipelines for other kinds of next-generation sequencing data, we would be able to use multi-omic sequencing data to find novel associations between biological entities and increase our mechanistic knowledge of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Arora
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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7
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Pattwell S, Arora S, Nuechterlein N, Zager M, Loeb K, Cimino P, Holland N, Bolouri H, Ozawa T, Haffner M, Cao J, Shendure J, Holland E. TMOD-30. NTRK2 SPLICE VARIANT, TRKB.T1, LINKS NEUROBIOLOGY, EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, AND ONCOGENESIS. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Temporally regulated alternative splicing choices are vital for proper development yet the wrong splice choice may be detrimental. Here we highlight a novel role for the neurotrophin receptor splice variant TrkB.T1 in neurodevelopment, embryogenesis, transformation, and oncogenesis across multiple tumor types in both humans and mice. TrkB.T1 is the predominant NTRK2 isoform across embryonic organogenesis and is highly expressed in a wide range of adult and pediatric tumors. Further, forced expression of TrkB.T1 causes multiple solid and non-solid tumors in mice in the context of tumor suppressor loss. These results highlight a unique role for the neurotrophin receptor splicing in development and oncogenesis and underscore the need for considering alternative splicing and transcript level data in neuroscience, developmental biology, and oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonali Arora
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michael Zager
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junyue Cao
- Rockefeller Universiity, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eric Holland
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Huang M, Zhang D, Wu JY, Xing K, Yeo E, Li C, Zhang L, Holland E, Yao L, Qin L, Binder ZA, O'Rourke DM, Brem S, Koumenis C, Gong Y, Fan Y. Wnt-mediated endothelial transformation into mesenchymal stem cell-like cells induces chemoresistance in glioblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/532/eaay7522. [PMID: 32102932 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance remains a persistent challenge for patients with malignant tumors. Here, we reveal that endothelial cells (ECs) acquire transformation into mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells in glioblastoma (GBM), driving tumor resistance to cytotoxic treatment. Transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that ECs undergo mesenchymal transformation and stemness-like activation in GBM microenvironment. Furthermore, we identified a c-Met-mediated axis that induces β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser675 and Wnt signaling activation, inducing multidrug resistance-associated protein-1(MRP-1) expression and leading to EC stemness-like activation and chemoresistance. Last, genetic ablation of β-catenin in ECs overcome GBM tumor resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy in vivo. Combination of Wnt inhibition and TMZ chemotherapy eliminated tumor-associated ECs, inhibited GBM growth, and increased mouse survival. These findings identified a cell plasticity-based, microenvironment-dependent mechanism that controls tumor chemoresistance, and suggest that targeting Wnt/β-catenin-mediated EC transformation and stemness activation may overcome therapeutic resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menggui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janet Y Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Kun Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eujin Yeo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Human Genetics and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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9
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Bohm AK, DePetro J, Binding CE, Gerber A, Chahley N, Berger ND, Ware M, Thomas K, Senapathi U, Bukhari S, Chen C, Chahley E, Grisdale C, Lawn S, Yu Y, Wong R, Shen Y, Omairi H, Mirzaei R, Alshatti N, Pedersen H, Yong W, Weiss S, Chan J, Cimino PJ, Kelly J, Jones S, Holland E, Blough M, Cairncross G. In vitro modeling of glioblastoma initiation using PDGF-AA and p53-null neural progenitors. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1150-1161. [PMID: 32296841 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imagining ways to prevent or treat glioblastoma (GBM) has been hindered by a lack of understanding of its pathogenesis. Although overexpression of platelet derived growth factor with two A-chains (PDGF-AA) may be an early event, critical details of the core biology of GBM are lacking. For example, existing PDGF-driven models replicate its microscopic appearance, but not its genomic architecture. Here we report a model that overcomes this barrier to authenticity. METHODS Using a method developed to establish neural stem cell cultures, we investigated the effects of PDGF-AA on subventricular zone (SVZ) cells, one of the putative cells of origin of GBM. We microdissected SVZ tissue from p53-null and wild-type adult mice, cultured cells in media supplemented with PDGF-AA, and assessed cell viability, proliferation, genome stability, and tumorigenicity. RESULTS Counterintuitive to its canonical role as a growth factor, we observed abrupt and massive cell death in PDGF-AA: wild-type cells did not survive, whereas a small fraction of null cells evaded apoptosis. Surviving null cells displayed attenuated proliferation accompanied by whole chromosome gains and losses. After approximately 100 days in PDGF-AA, cells suddenly proliferated rapidly, acquired growth factor independence, and became tumorigenic in immune-competent mice. Transformed cells had an oligodendrocyte precursor-like lineage marker profile, were resistant to platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha inhibition, and harbored highly abnormal karyotypes similar to human GBM. CONCLUSION This model associates genome instability in neural progenitor cells with chronic exposure to PDGF-AA and is the first to approximate the genomic landscape of human GBM and the first in which the earliest phases of the disease can be studied directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Bohm
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica DePetro
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen E Binding
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Gerber
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicholas Chahley
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Dan Berger
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mathaeus Ware
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Thomas
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - U Senapathi
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shazreh Bukhari
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cindy Chen
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin Chahley
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cameron Grisdale
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sam Lawn
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yaping Yu
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Wong
- the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- the Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hiba Omairi
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reza Mirzaei
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nourah Alshatti
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haley Pedersen
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wee Yong
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samuel Weiss
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Chan
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - P J Cimino
- the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Kelly
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steve Jones
- the Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Holland
- the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Blough
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory Cairncross
- The Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,the Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Ozawa T, Kaneko S, Takadera M, Holland E, Hamamoto R, Ichimura K. EPEN-41. C11orf95-RELA FUSION REGULATES ABERRANT GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH THE UNIQUE GENOMIC BINDING SITES FOR EPENDYMOMA FORMATION. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715140 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of supratentorial ependymoma is associated with recurrent C11orf95-RELA fusion (RELAFUS). The presence of RELA as one component of the RELAFUS leads to the suggestion that NF-kB activity is involved in the ependymoma formation, thus being a viable therapeutic target in these tumors. However, the oncogenic role of another C11orf95 component in the tumorigenesis is not still determined. In this study, to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying tumorigenesis of RELAFUS, we performed RELAFUS-ChIP-Seq analysis in cultured cells expressing the RELAFUS protein. Genomic profiling of RELAFUS binding sites pinpointed the transcriptional target genes directly regulated by RELAFUS. We then identified a unique DNA binding motif of the RELAFUS different from the canonical NF-kB motif in de novo motif discovery analysis. Significant responsiveness of RELAFUS but not RELA to the motif was confirmed in the reporter assay. An N-terminal portion of C11orf95 was sufficient to localize in the nucleus and recognizes the unique motif. Interestingly, the RELAFUS peaks concomitant with the unique motif were identified around the transcription start site in the RELAFUS target genes as previously reported. These observations suggested that C11orf95 might have served as a key determinant for the DNA binding sites of RELAFUS, thereby induced aberrant gene expression necessary for ependymoma formation. Our results will give insights into the development of new ependymoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ozawa
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syuzo Kaneko
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Takadera
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Holland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Bösenberg AT, Holland E. New peripheral nerve blocks: are they worth the hype? South Afr J Anaesth Analg 2020. [DOI: 10.36303/sajaa.2020.26.6.s2.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The advent of portable ultrasound technology has revolutionised our ability to place peripheral nerve blocks within tissue planes. Ultrasound guidance has facilitated the introduction of new innovative approaches to deeper nerves not previously attempted using landmark-based techniques. The majority of these truncal blocks involve the branches of the spinal nerves.
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12
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Horne E, Vicente Ruiz JJ, Cimino P, Jung E, Xu C, Diaz P, Hamel E, Kumasaka DK, Wagenbach MJ, Winkler F, Wordeman LG, Holland E, Stella N. EXTH-53. A BRAIN-PENETRANT MICROTUBULE-TARGETING AGENT THAT DISRUPTS HALLMARKS OF GLIOMA TUMORIGENESIS. Neuro Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Most cancer therapeutics developed to date are excluded from the brain and are therefore ineffective in treating glioma, the most devastating type of brain cancer in adults. Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) are indispensable medicines to treat a wide range of solid and hematopoietic tumors, and evidence suggests that glioma is sensitive to MTAs; but most MTAs do not cross the blood-brain-barrier. To address this limitation, we developed a brain-penetrant MTA, ST-401, that inhibited the growth of human glioma in culture at nanomolar concentrations. ST-401 bound to the colchicine site, inhibited tubulin assembly and reversibly reduced microtubule (MT) dynamics. Testing of ST-401 on the NCI 60 cancer cell panel indicated that its anti-tumor activity does not correlate with any of the compounds tested thus far through this platform but showed weak correlations for two MTA that work through distinct mechanisms: taxol (p=0.46) and vinblastine (p=0.34). Thus, ST-401 may kill cancer cells through a novel mechanism related to disruption of MT function. We discovered that ST-401 killed patient-derived (PD) glioma isolates in both mitosis and interphase, and inhibited the formation of tumor microtubes, MT-rich structures that connects glioma cells to a network that is resistant to standard therapies. Pharmacokinetic analysis of ST-401 in mice shows brain penetration reaching antitumor concentrations, and in vivo testing of ST-401 in a xenograft model demonstrated significant antitumor activity. In an immunocompetent mouse model of platelet-derived growth factor B-driven glioma, ST-401 significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacies of standard care therapies temozolomide and radiation therapy. Our study identified novel aspects of glioma tumorigenesis that exhibit enhanced sensitivity to MTAs and shows that the brain-penetrant MTA, ST-401, represents a promising chemical scaffold to develop therapeutics for the treatment of patients diagnosed with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Horne
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Erik Jung
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cong Xu
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ernest Hamel
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Eric Holland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Nuechterlein N, Li B, Fink J, Haynor D, Holland E, Shapiro L, Cimino P. NIMG-46. RADIOGENOMIC FEATURES PREDICT CLINICALLY RELEVANT GENOME-WIDE ALTERATION SIGNATURES IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Previously, we have shown that combined whole-exome sequencing (WES) and genome-wide somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) information can separate IDH1/2-wildtype glioblastoma into two prognostic molecular subtypes (Group 1 and Group 2) and that these subtypes cannot be distinguished by epigenetic or clinical features. However, the potential for radiographic features to discriminate between these molecular subtypes has not been established.
METHODS
Radiogenomic features (n=35,400) were extracted from 46 multiparametric, pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of IDH1/2-wildtype glioblastoma patients from The Cancer Imaging Archive, all of whom have corresponding WES and SCNA data in The Cancer Genome Atlas. We developed a novel feature selection method that leverages the structure of extracted radiogenomic MRI features to mitigate the dimensionality challenge posed by the disparity between the number of features and patients in our cohort. Seven traditional machine learning classifiers were trained to distinguish Group 1 versus Group 2 using our feature selection method. Our feature selection was compared to lasso feature selection, recursive feature elimination, and variance thresholding.
RESULTS
We are able to classify Group 1 versus Group 2 glioblastomas with a cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) score of 0.82 using ridge logistic regression and our proposed feature selection method, which reduces the size of our feature set from 35,400 to 288. An interrogation of the selected features suggests that features describing contours in the T2 abnormality region on the FLAIR MRI modality may best distinguish these two groups from one another.
CONCLUSIONS
We successfully trained a machine learning model that allows for relevant targeted feature extraction from standard MRI to accurately predict molecularly-defined risk-stratifying IDH1/2-wildtype glioblastoma patient groups. This algorithm may be applied to future prospective studies to assess the utility of MRI as a surrogate for costly prognostic genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beibin Li
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Fink
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Eric Holland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Yoda R, Marxen T, Longo L, Ene C, Wirsching HG, Keene D, Holland E, Cimino PJ. PATH-07. MITOTIC INDEX THRESHOLDS DO NOT PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOME FOR IDH-MUTANT ASTROCYTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Current histological grading recommendations for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma are imprecise and not reliably predictive of patient outcome, while somatic copy number alterations are emerging as important prognostic biomarkers. One explanation for this relative underperformance of histological grading is that current criteria to distinguish World Health Organization (WHO) grade III anaplastic astrocytomas from lower-grade diffuse astrocytomas (WHO grade II) are vague (‘increased mitotic activity’). This qualitative approach ensures diagnostic uncertainty and a broad ‘gray zone’ where both diffuse and anaplastic designations can reasonably be assigned. Thus, we hypothesized that interobserver variability and lack of defined mitotic thresholds for IDH-mutant astrocytomas underlies poor predictive accuracy of current histologic grading approaches. To test this hypothesis, we quantified total mitotic figures and maximum mitotic activity per ten high-powered fields in an institutional cohort of IDH-mutant astrocytomas. In our cohort, there was no mitotic activity threshold that was reflective of clinical progression-free or overall survival. Furthermore, in a multivariate Cox regression model consisting of mitotic activity, molecular markers, and clinical characteristics, only CDKN2A deletion was identified as a relevant variant for poor overall survival. We conclude that lack of defined mitotic figure thresholds may not contribute to underperformance of histological grading for IDH-mutant astrocytomas. This study supports the shift towards ‘molecular grading’ to replace traditional histological grading for IDH-mutant astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Yoda
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Troy Marxen
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren Longo
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chibawanye Ene
- University of Washington, Department of Neurological Surgery, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Dirk Keene
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Human Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P J Cimino
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Horne E, Xu C, Vicente JJ, Cimino PJ, Wagenbach M, Hamel E, Gussio R, Diaz P, Uhlenbruck B, Deckwerth T, Wordeman L, Holland E, Stella N. DDIS-29. BRAIN-PENETRANT MICROTUBULE-TARGETING AGENT, ST-401, KILLS GLIOBLASTOMA THROUGH A NOVEL MECHANISM. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastomas are particularly sensitive to mitotic disruption when compared with nonmalignant cells and thus microtubule-targeting agents (MTA) represent promising therapeutics to treat patients with glioblastomas; but few such compounds pass the blood brain barrier. We developed a series of modified carbazoles, evaluated their anti-cancer activity in glioblastoma cells in culture and identified ST-401 as the most potent compound (IC50, 10 – 102 nM, depending on the cell line). Testing of ST-401 on the NCI 60 cancer cell panel indicated that its anti-tumor activity does not correlate with any of the compounds tested thus far through this platform but showed weak correlations for taxol (p=0.46) and vinblastine (p=0.34). Thus, ST-401 may kill cancer cells through a novel mechanism related to disruption of MT function. Biochemical analysis indicates that ST-401 binds to the colchicine site of tubulin and inhibits tubulin assembly. Real-time imaging of MT dynamics in cells in culture shows that ST-401 reduces MT assembly rates but in a reversible fashion. ST-401 potently blocks mitotic progression and triggers cell death in multiple glioblastoma lines in culture, including patient-derived glioblastomas of the proneural, mesenchymal and classical subtypes. We established the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ST-401 in mice (20 mg/kg/bdip) and found that its acute i.p. injection results in micromolar amounts of ST-401 in mouse brain. Using this treatment regimen, we found that ST-401 reduces tumor growth and doubles overall survival in a human tumor xenograft mouse model system. ST-401 also increases by 2-fold overall survival in the genetic RCAS-PDGF glioblastomas mouse model treated with standard care (radiation and Temodar® treatments). Histological analysis of RCAS-PDGF glioblastoma tissue shows that ST-401 triggers mitotic arrest of glioblastoma cells. ST-401 represents a promising lead compound for the treatments for patients diagnosed with glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Horne
- Stella Therapeutics, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cong Xu
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - P J Cimino
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ernest Hamel
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, USA
| | - Rick Gussio
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Holland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Human Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
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16
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Szulzewsky F, Hoellerbauer P, Wu HJ, Cimino PJ, Michor F, Paddison P, Vasioukhin V, Holland E. GENE-04. THE ONCOGENIC FUNCTIONS OF YAP1-GENE FUSIONS CAN BE INHIBITED BY DISRUPTION OF YAP1-TEAD INTERACTION. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Supratentorial ependymoma can be sub-stratified into clinically relevant subtypes characterized by distinct molecular features. The subtype defined by high YAP1 activity harbored two distinct YAP1 gene fusions, YAP1-MAMLD1 and YAP1-FAM118B. In addition, YAP1 gene fusions have been detected in several other cancer types, including Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma. YAP1 is a key transcriptional co-activator and proto-oncogene that is negatively regulated by the Hippo pathway. Here, we show that both YAP1-MAMLD1 and YAP1-FAM118B, as well as additional YAP1 fusion genes found in other cancer types, are potent oncogenic drivers that cause tumor formation in the brain and the hindlimb in mice upon overexpression by somatic cell gene transfer. Using different in vitro assays, including Luciferase, RNA-, and ChIP Seq, we show that both the N-terminal YAP1 part and the C-terminal fusion partners exert activity. We can show that the YAP1 activity still relies on the binding to TEAD transcription factors, whereas the C terminal activity does not. Furthermore, the different fusion proteins have become independent from negative Hippo pathway signaling by constitutive nuclear localization and protection from degradation. In addition, by introducing point mutations and truncations to block the YAP1 and the MAMLD1 function we can show that the activity of both halves contributes to the oncogenic function of YAP1-MAMLD1. Using in vitro and in vivo assays we can show that pharmacological and genetic ablation of YAP-TEAD interaction diminishes the oncogenic potential of the fusions, indicating that this might be a potential therapeutic approach for these tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua-Jun Wu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P J Cimino
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric Holland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Human Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
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17
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Pattwell S, Arora S, Cimino PJ, Szulzewsky F, Hoellerbauer P, Hoffstrom B, Boiani N, Ozawa T, Bolouri H, Correnti C, Silber J, Paddison P, Holland E. TMOD-30. CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED NTRK2 VARIANT IN GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent work has uncovered oncogenic TRK fusions in a wide range of cancer types, including adult and pediatric gliomas. With some exceptions, many of these fusions tend to occur at very low frequencies below 1–2%, with unclear clinical significance, yet they highlight a potentially important and rapidly evolving role for NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3 in glioma biology. Basic scientific and clinical investigation surrounding TRKs’ role in cancer has often been hindered due to the nonspecific nature of antibodies and kinase inhibitors, combined with a lack of precise exon-specific expression data from patient populations. Tropomyosin receptor B (TrkB), encoded by the NTRK2 gene, is most known for its established roles in neuronal survival, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, learning, and memory. TrkB exerts diverse effects on cellular outcomes through interactions with downstream signaling cascades and has been shown to exhibit complex alternative splicing patterns. Here we show a novel role for a TrkB splice variant in human gliomas via NTRK2 transcript analyses in normal human brain and gliomas using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx). Using a novel antibody designed against this splice variant, immunostaining shows altered receptor localization within human gliomas compared to normal human brain. This NTRK2 splice variant enhances PDGF-driven gliomas in vivo in an RCAS-TVA mouse model and augments PDGF-induced signaling in vitro. Through the lens of NTRK2, these results highlight the importance of expanding upon whole gene-level and kinase-fusion analyses to explore TRK splicing in basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonali Arora
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P J Cimino
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Norman Boiani
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ozawa
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Colin Correnti
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Silber
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Eric Holland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Human Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Pajtler KW, Wei Y, Okonechnikov K, Silva PBG, Vouri M, Zhang L, Brabetz S, Sieber L, Gulley M, Mauermann M, Wedig T, Mack N, Imamura Kawasawa Y, Sharma T, Zuckermann M, Andreiuolo F, Holland E, Maass K, Körkel-Qu H, Liu HK, Sahm F, Capper D, Bunt J, Richards LJ, Jones DTW, Korshunov A, Chavez L, Lichter P, Hoshino M, Pfister SM, Kool M, Li W, Kawauchi D. YAP1 subgroup supratentorial ependymoma requires TEAD and nuclear factor I-mediated transcriptional programmes for tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3914. [PMID: 31477715 PMCID: PMC6718408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP1 fusion-positive supratentorial ependymomas predominantly occur in infants, but the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis are unknown. Here we show YAP1-MAMLD1 fusions are sufficient to drive malignant transformation in mice, and the resulting tumors share histo-molecular characteristics of human ependymomas. Nuclear localization of YAP1-MAMLD1 protein is mediated by MAMLD1 and independent of YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses of human YAP1-MAMLD1-positive ependymoma reveal enrichment of NFI and TEAD transcription factor binding site motifs in YAP1-bound regulatory elements, suggesting a role for these transcription factors in YAP1-MAMLD1-driven tumorigenesis. Mutation of the TEAD binding site in the YAP1 fusion or repression of NFI targets prevents tumor induction in mice. Together, these results demonstrate that the YAP1-MAMLD1 fusion functions as an oncogenic driver of ependymoma through recruitment of TEADs and NFIs, indicating a rationale for preclinical studies to block the interaction between YAP1 fusions and NFI and TEAD transcription factors. The molecular mechanisms driving proliferation in the pediatric brain cancer epdendymoma are poorly understood. Here the authors show that a YAP1- MAMLD1 fusion drives tumor formation in mice and show that the fusion protein can collaborate with the TEAD and NFI transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yiju Wei
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia B G Silva
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikaella Vouri
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sebastian Brabetz
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Sieber
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa Gulley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Monika Mauermann
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Wedig
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norman Mack
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Tanvi Sharma
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zuckermann
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe Andreiuolo
- Department of Neuropathology, Ste. Anne Hospital, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Eric Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kendra Maass
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huiqin Körkel-Qu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hai-Kun Liu
- Division of Molecular Neurogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Bunt
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ene C, Macomber M, Holland E, Silbergeld D, Halasz L. RTHP-27. PATTERNS OF FAILURE AFTER STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY FOR RECURRENT HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA: A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE OF 10 YEARS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lia Halasz
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wirsching HG, Zhang H, Grandi P, Arora S, Cimino PJ, Campbell JS, Szulzewsky F, Pattwell SS, Ene C, Kumasaka D, Pierce RH, Finer M, Queva C, Houghton AM, Holland E. TMIC-05. ABSCOPAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN GLIOBLASTOMA ELICITED BY MIR124-ATTENUATED ONCOLYTIC HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1 ARMED WITH UL16 BINDING PROTEIN 3. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Huajia Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jean S Campbell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Siobhan S Pattwell
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chibawanye Ene
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debrah Kumasaka
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert H Pierce
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - A McGarry Houghton
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Rao A, Zhang X, Kim J, Kim Y, Holland E, Amankulor N. TMIC-13. EFFICACY OF RETINOIC ACID IN REVERSING IMMUNE EVASION IN IDH MUTANT GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Rao
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Campus, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Campus, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason Kim
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Campus, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Cimino P, McFerrin L, Wirsching HG, Arora S, Bolouri H, Rabadan R, Weller M, Holland E. PATH-51. DNA COPY NUMBER PROFILING ACROSS GLIOBLASTOMA POPULATIONS HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cimino
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa McFerrin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hamid Bolouri
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerl
| | - Eric Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Pattwell S, Arora S, Cimino P, Ozawa T, Hoffstrom B, Boiani N, Bolouri H, Loeb K, Correnti C, Silber J, Holland E. CSIG-17. CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED NTRK2 VARIANT IN GLIOMA: EMPLOYING NOVEL REAGENTS TO UNCOVER NOVEL FUNCTIONS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Pattwell
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick Cimino
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ozawa
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin Hoffstrom
- Antibody Development, Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Norman Boiani
- Antibody Development, Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hamid Bolouri
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Keith Loeb
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colin Correnti
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Silber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Ene C, Kreuser S, Crane C, Holland E. TMOD-30. ANTI-PD-L1 ANTIBODY ENHANCES RADIATION INDUCED ABSCOPAL RESPONSE IN MURINE BRAIN TUMORS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Szulzewsky F, Arora S, Hambardzumyan D, Holland E. TMIC-53. IDENTIFICATION OF MYELOID CELL-DERIVED TRANSCRIPTS IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Eric Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Ouellette ML, Löffler AI, Beller GA, Workman VK, Holland E, Bourque JM. Clinical Characteristics, Sex Differences, and Outcomes in Patients With Normal or Near-Normal Coronary Arteries, Non-Obstructive or Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007965. [PMID: 29720503 PMCID: PMC6015317 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Normal or near‐normal coronary arteries (NNCAs) or nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) are found on invasive coronary angiography in ≈55% of patients. Some attribute this to frequent referral of low‐risk patients. We sought to identify the referral indications, pretest risk, key clinical characteristics, sex, and outcomes in patients with NNCAs and nonobstructive CAD versus obstructive CAD on nonemergent invasive coronary angiography. Methods and Results Over 24 months, 925 consecutive patients were classified as having NNCAs (≤20% stenosis), nonobstructive CAD (21–49% stenosis), or obstructive CAD (≥50% stenosis). Outcomes included cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and late revasclarization. NNCAs were found in 285 patients (31.0%), nonobstructive CAD in 125 (13.5%), and obstructive CAD in 513 (55.5%). NNCAs or nonobstructive CAD was found in 40.5% with stress ischemia, 27.9% after a non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, and in 55.5% with stable or unstable angina. More women than men (53.5% versus 37.2%; P<0.001) had NNCAs or nonobstructive CAD across all referral indications. Pretest risk was high and ICA appropriate in 75.5% and 99.2% of patients, respectively. Annual rates of cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction were 1.0%, 1.1%, and 6.7%, respectively, for patients with NNCAs, nonobstructive CAD, and obstructive CAD (P<0.001). No sex differences in outcomes were observed with either NNCAs, nonobstructive CAD, or obstructive CAD (P=0.84). Conclusions Many (44.5%) patients undergoing nonemergent invasive coronary angiography have NNCAs or nonobstructive CAD despite high pretest risk, including ischemia and troponin elevation. Although women had more NNCAs or nonobstructive CAD, there were no differences in event rates by sex. Patients with NNCAs and nonobstructive CAD had very low event rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Ouellette
- Cardiovascular Division and the Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Adrián I Löffler
- Cardiovascular Division and the Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - George A Beller
- Cardiovascular Division and the Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Virginia K Workman
- Cardiovascular Division and the Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Eric Holland
- Cardiovascular Division and the Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jamieson M Bourque
- Cardiovascular Division and the Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
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Holland J, Desai N, Holland E, Defrancesco C, Bernay K, Wade M. Smoking History and Cessation Guidance in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Review of Practice Patterns at Consultation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.12.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Holland E, Kipar A, Leeming G. Characterization of Macrophages in Equine Multinodular Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Comp Pathol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Szulzewsky F, Schwendinger N, Güneykaya D, Cimino P, Hambardzumyan D, Synowitz M, Holland E, Kettenmann H. TMIC-41. LOSS OF HOST-DERIVED OSTEOPONTIN CREATES A GLIOBLASTOMA-PROMOTING MICROENVIRONMENT. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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30
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Satoshi K, Hirayama A, Sakamoto N, Sumita K, Yoshino H, Warren M, Kawaguchi R, Ozawa T, Onishi N, Wolfe K, Okumura K, Ramkissoon A, Chow LML, Malhotra A, Terakawa J, Daikoku T, Wise-Draper T, Majd N, Kofuji K, Sasaki M, Mori M, Anastasiou D, Wakimoto H, Bierhoff H, Horbinski CM, Yasui W, Saya H, Soga T, Holland E, Grummt I, Mischel P, Sasaki A. CBIO-12. GTP METABOLIC SWITCH LEADS TO NUCLEOLAR TRANSFORMATION AND MALIGNANT GROWTH OF GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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31
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Connolly NP, Schneider CS, Shetty A, Xu S, Ozawa T, Kim AJ, Winkles JA, Holland E, Woodworth GF. Abstract 808: PDGF-A overexpression and p53 depletion in rat neural precursor cells induces large brain tumors that resemble human glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the major obstacles in developing new therapeutics for glioblastoma is testing these agents in reliable models that recapitulate the tumor biology of human disease. The RCAS/tv-a system enables spatial, temporal, and cell-type specific control of oncogenic transformations in the brain. In this study, we sought to develop a rat RCAS-TVA model of glioblastoma to eventually facilitate translational studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted radiation, focused ultrasound, and local drug delivery strategies. We developed a high copy number nestin-promoter driven tv-a (Ntv-a) transgenic Sprague-Dawley rat line. To initiate tumors, RCAS PDGF-A and p53 shRNA constructs were injected intracranially. The tumors were followed over time using MRI and MR proton spectroscopy. Animal survival was monitored and histopathology and gene expression analyses were performed. All animals (n=8) developed tumors that could be visualized with MRI throughout the tumor formation process. Early stage tumors showed relatively homogenous characteristics with minimal mass effect. Later stage tumors demonstrated large heterogeneous lesions with evidence of necrosis, increased vascularity, and significant mass effect. MR proton spectroscopy revealed increases in choline to creatinine ratio (Cho/Cr) and decreases in NAA, consistent with aggressive tumor progression. Immunohistochemistry revealed pseudopallisading necrosis, brain invasion, and vascular proliferation, all key features of human GBM. Immunohistochemistry confirmed a high proliferative index within the tumor core as well as neovascularization as evidenced by positive Ki67 and Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA) respectively. Gene expression analysis revealed approximately 1000 differentially expressed transcripts between the normal and tumor tissue. In addition to typical markers such as Ki67 and PDGFR-A overexpression, SPP1 and POSTN both of which are linked to glioma and tumor-associated macrophages, were found to be differentially expressed in the tumor. Comparisons between the rat gene expression profile and published human TCGA data indicated that the RCAS/tv-a tumors appear to align with the proneural GBM subtype. In summary, transgenic Ntv-a rats generate reproducible brain tumors following combined PDGF-A and p53 genetic alterations. The tumor progression process from low-grade tumor to high grade malignancy can be visualized with MRI. Histopathological features strongly resemble human GBM, and gene expression analysis suggests these tumors correspond to the proneural subtype.
Citation Format: Nina P. Connolly, Craig S. Schneider, Amol Shetty, Su Xu, Tatsuya Ozawa, Anthony J. Kim, Jeffrey A. Winkles, Eric Holland, Graeme F. Woodworth. PDGF-A overexpression and p53 depletion in rat neural precursor cells induces large brain tumors that resemble human glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 808. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-808
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amol Shetty
- 1University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | - Su Xu
- 1University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tatsuya Ozawa
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Eric Holland
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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Rao A, Zhang X, Kim J, Pomerantz A, Kim Y, Holland E, Amankulor N. Abstract 5574: Retinoic acid as a therapeutic adjuvant in low-grade gliomas. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant gliomas are incurable brain tumors and the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are enriched in a subset of malignant low-grade gliomas (MLGGs) that arise as lower grade neoplasms and steadily progress to more aggressive and universally fatal glioblastomas (GBMs) usually within 5-10 years after initial diagnosis. Gliomas with IDH1/2 mutations are characterized by hypermethylation of multiple genes, including immune genes, thereby rendering them highly immune evasive. Retinol binding protein 1 (RBP1) gene, that encodes a protein involved in retinoic acid (RA) generation, is significantly hyper-methylated in IDH mutant cells. Since RA is instrumental in the induction of multiple immune genes including immune-activating ligands such as NKG2D ligands (NKG2D-L), we hypothesized that treatment of IDH mutant cells with RA will increase the expression of NKG2D-L on the tumor cells, leading to increased recognition and lysis by immune cells. In addition, we hypothesized that RBP1 methylation was crucial to development of the IDH mutant immune-evasive phenotype.
Methods: Primary glioma cells (IDH WT and mutant) were treated with 1μM RA for 48 hours. The cells were assessed for changes in expression of NKG2D-L and other type-1 immune response genes. Effect of RA treatment on NK killing and immune cell chemotaxis were evaluated. We also assessed the impact of RBP1 knock-down in IDH WT cells. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of RA as a therapeutic modality for low-grade gliomas in a murine model.
Results: RA-treated IDH mutant gliomas had a higher expression of NKG2D-L and a higher sensitivity to killing by NK cells, when compared with untreated IDH mutant cells. RA treatment of IDH mutant cells also induced increased chemotaxis of NKs and CD8+ T cells in a CCL2-dependant manner. In addition, RA demonstrated superior anti-tumor efficacy in vivo, compared with controls. Finally, we demonstrated that RBP1 knock-down in IDH WT cells was sufficient to replicate the immune evasive phenotype observed in IDH mutant cells.
Conclusions: RA treatment reverses the immune evasion in IDH mutant cells primarily by inducing the upregulation of NKG2D-L and by mediating increased NK and CD8+ T cell chemotaxis via CCL2 induction. Additionally, we established that RBP1 gene silencing is crucial for the development of the immune evasive IDH mutant phenotype.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Aparna Rao, Xiaoran Zhang, Jason Kim, Alexander Pomerantz, Youngmi Kim, Eric Holland, Nduka Amankulor. Retinoic acid as a therapeutic adjuvant in low-grade gliomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5574. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5574
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Rao
- 1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- 2University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jason Kim
- 1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Ozawa T, Arora S, Szulzewsky F, Holland E. EPND-09. THE ONCOGENIC EFFECT OF C11ORF95-RELA FUSION MOSTLY DERIVES FROM FACTOR OTHER THAN NF-ΚB ACTIVATION IN SUPRATENTORIAL EPENDYMOMA. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox083.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Huang Y, Rajappa P, Hu W, Hoffman C, Cisse B, Kim JH, Gorge E, Yanowitch R, Cope W, Vartanian E, Xu R, Zhang T, Pisapia D, Xiang J, Huse J, Matei I, Peinado H, Bromberg J, Holland E, Ding BS, Rafii S, Lyden D, Greenfield J. A proangiogenic signaling axis in myeloid cells promotes malignant progression of glioma. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1826-1838. [PMID: 28394259 DOI: 10.1172/jci86443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are capable of coopting hematopoietic cells to create a suitable microenvironment to support malignant growth. Here, we have demonstrated that upregulation of kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), also known as VEGFR2, in a myeloid cell sublineage is necessary for malignant progression of gliomas in transgenic murine models and is associated with high-grade tumors in patients. KDR expression increased in myeloid cells as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulated, which was associated with the transformation and progression of low-grade fibrillary astrocytoma to high-grade anaplastic gliomas. KDR deficiency in murine BM-derived cells (BMDCs) suppressed the differentiation of myeloid lineages and reduced granulocytic/monocytic populations. The depletion of myeloid-derived KDR compromised its proangiogenic function, which inhibited the angiogenic switch necessary for malignant progression of low-grade to high-grade tumors. We also identified inhibitor of DNA binding protein 2 (ID2) as a key upstream regulator of KDR activation during myeloid differentiation. Deficiency of ID2 in BMDCs led to downregulation of KDR, suppression of proangiogenic myeloid cells, and prevention of low-grade to high-grade transition. Tumor-secreted TGF-β and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) enhanced the KDR/ID2 signaling axis in BMDCs. Our results suggest that modulation of KDR/ID2 signaling may restrict tumor-associated myeloid cells and could potentially be a therapeutic strategy for preventing transformation of premalignant gliomas.
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Wang A, Abecassis I, Wang S, Jones D, Cole B, Leary S, Lockwood C, Ene C, Fallah A, Olson J, Ellenbogen R, Holland E, Ojemann J. Primitive Desmoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Skull Base. Skull Base Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - I. Abecassis
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Shelly Wang
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bonnie Cole
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Sarah Leary
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Chibawanye Ene
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Aria Fallah
- UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - James Olson
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Eric Holland
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jeffrey Ojemann
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Mazimba S, Holland E, Nagarajan V, Mihalek AD, Kennedy JLW, Bilchick KC. Obesity paradox in group 1 pulmonary hypertension: analysis of the NIH-Pulmonary Hypertension registry. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1164-1168. [PMID: 28209971 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'obesity paradox' refers to the fact that obese patients have better outcomes than normal weight patients. This has been observed in multiple cardiovascular conditions, but evidence for obesity paradox in pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains sparse. METHODS We categorized 267 patients from the National Institute of Health-PH registry into five groups based on body mass index (BMI): underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese and morbidly obese. Mortality was compared in BMI groups using the χ2 statistic. Five-year probability of death using the PH connection (PHC) risk equation was calculated, and the model was compared with BMI groups using Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves. RESULTS Patients had a median age of 39 years (interquartile range 30-50 years), a median BMI of 23.4 kg m-2 (21.0-26.8 kg m-2) and an overall mortality at 5 years of 50.2%. We found a U-shaped relationship between survival and 1-year mortality with the best 1-year survival in overweight patients. KM curves showed the best survival in the overweight, followed by obese and morbidly obese patients, and the worst survival in normal weight and underweight patients (log-rank P=0.0008). In a Cox proportional hazards analysis, increasing BMI was a highly significant predictor of improved survival even after adjustment for the PHC risk equation with a hazard ratio for death of 0.921 per kg m-2 (95% confidence interval: 0.886-0.954) (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION We observed that the best survival was in the overweight patients, making this more of an 'overweight paradox' than an 'obesity paradox'. This has implications for risk stratification and prognosis in group 1 PH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mazimba
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - E Holland
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - V Nagarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - A D Mihalek
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J L W Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - K C Bilchick
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Kievit F, Wang K, Ozawa T, Tarudji A, Silber J, Holland E, Ellenbogen R, Zhang M. EXTH-05. NANOPARTICLE-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF DNA REPAIR INCREASES SURVIVAL IN A GENETIC AFTER RADIOTHERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now212.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kaffes I, Szulzewsky F, Alikhanyan K, Herting C, Shelton J, Uhrbom L, Nilsson KF, Nelander S, Westermark B, Huse J, Holland E, Brat D, Hambardzumyan D. TMIC-17. SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF THE GLIOBLASTOMA MICROENVIRONMENT. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now212.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wang A, Abecassis IJ, Cole B, Leary S, Lockwood C, Olson J, Ene C, Geyer JR, Ellenbogen R, Holland E, Ojemann J. PDTB-26. TARGETED ONCOGENE SEQUENCING IN DESMOPLASTIC GANGLIOGLIOMA/ASTROCYTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now212.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Nagarajan V, Kohan L, Holland E, Keeley EC, Mazimba S. Obesity paradox in heart failure: a heavy matter. ESC Heart Fail 2016; 3:227-234. [PMID: 27867523 PMCID: PMC5107969 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and heart failure are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The relationship between obesity and cardiovascular diseases is complex and not fully understood. While the risk of developing heart failure has been shown to be higher in patients who are obese, there is a survival advantage for obese and overweight patients compared with normal weight or low weight patients. This phenomenon was first described by Horwich et al. and was subsequently confirmed in other large trials. The advantage exists irrespective of the type, aetiology, or stage of heart failure. Patients with morbid obesity (body mass index >40 kg/m2), however, do not have the same survival advantage of their obese counterparts. There are several alternative indices of obesity available that may be more accurate than body mass index. The role of weight loss in patients with heart failure is unclear; thus, providing sound clinical advice to patients remains difficult. Future prospective trials designed to evaluate the link between obesity and heart failure will help us understand more fully this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Kohan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Department of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Ellen C Keeley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Sula Mazimba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
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Gammoh N, Fraser J, Puente C, Syred HM, Kang H, Ozawa T, Lam D, Acosta JC, Finch AJ, Holland E, Jiang X. Suppression of autophagy impedes glioblastoma development and induces senescence. Autophagy 2016; 12:1431-9. [PMID: 27304681 PMCID: PMC5082770 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1190053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of macroautophagy/autophagy during tumor initiation or in established tumors can be highly distinct and context-dependent. To investigate the role of autophagy in gliomagenesis, we utilized a KRAS-driven glioblastoma mouse model in which autophagy is specifically disrupted via RNAi against Atg7, Atg13 or Ulk1. Inhibition of autophagy strongly reduced glioblastoma development, demonstrating its critical role in promoting tumor formation. Further supporting this finding is the observation that tumors originating from Atg7-shRNA injections escaped the knockdown effect and thereby still underwent functional autophagy. In vitro, autophagy inhibition suppressed the capacity of KRAS-expressing glial cells to form oncogenic colonies or to survive low serum conditions. Molecular analyses revealed that autophagy-inhibited glial cells were unable to maintain active growth signaling under growth-restrictive conditions and were prone to undergo senescence. Overall, these results demonstrate that autophagy is crucial for glioma initiation and growth, and is a promising therapeutic target for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Gammoh
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - Jane Fraser
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - Cindy Puente
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Heather M. Syred
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - Helen Kang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Tatsuya Ozawa
- Division of Human Biology and Solid Tumor Translational Research (STTR), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Du Lam
- Celgene CorporationSummit, NJ USA
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - Andrew J. Finch
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - Eric Holland
- Division of Human Biology and Solid Tumor Translational Research (STTR), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
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Duan T, Chapman SC, Holland E, Rebetzke GJ, Guo Y, Zheng B. Dynamic quantification of canopy structure to characterize early plant vigour in wheat genotypes. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:4523-34. [PMID: 27312669 PMCID: PMC4973728 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Early vigour is an important physiological trait to improve establishment, water-use efficiency, and grain yield for wheat. Phenotyping large numbers of lines is challenging due to the fast growth and development of wheat seedlings. Here we developed a new photo-based workflow to monitor dynamically the growth and development of the wheat canopy of two wheat lines with a contrasting early vigour trait. Multiview images were taken using a 'vegetation stress' camera at 2 d intervals from emergence to the sixth leaf stage. Point clouds were extracted using the Multi-View Stereo and Structure From Motion (MVS-SFM) algorithm, and segmented into individual organs using the Octree method, with leaf midribs fitted using local polynomial function. Finally, phenotypic parameters were calculated from the reconstructed point cloud including: tiller and leaf number, plant height, Haun index, phyllochron, leaf length, angle, and leaf elongation rate. There was good agreement between the observed and estimated leaf length (RMSE=8.6mm, R (2)=0.98, n=322) across both lines. Significant contrasts of phenotyping parameters were observed between the two lines and were consistent with manual observations. The early vigour line had fewer tillers (2.4±0.6) and larger leaves (308.0±38.4mm and 17.1±2.7mm for leaf length and width, respectively). While the phyllochron of both lines was quite similar, the non-vigorous line had a greater Haun index (more leaves on the main stem) on any date, as the vigorous line had slower development of its first two leaves. The workflow presented in this study provides an efficient method to phenotype individual plants using a low-cost camera (an RGB camera is also suitable) and could be applied in phenotyping for applications in both simulation modelling and breeding. The rapidity and accuracy of this novel method can characterize the results of specific selection criteria (e.g. width of leaf three, number of tillers, rate of leaf appearance) that have been or can now be utilized to breed for early leaf growth and tillering in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Duan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - S C Chapman
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - E Holland
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - G J Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Y Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - B Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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Pattwell S, Ozawa T, Juric-Sekhar G, Holland E. PTPS-23A NOVEL ROLE FOR NEUROTROPHIN SIGNALING IN PEDIATRIC ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMORS. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov228.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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He Q, Kong L, Wang Y, Wang S, Chan TA, Holland E. Regularized quantile regression under heterogeneous sparsity with application to quantitative genetic traits. Comput Stat Data Anal 2015; 95:222-239. [PMID: 28133403 DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies often involve quantitative traits. Identifying genetic features that influence quantitative traits can help to uncover the etiology of diseases. Quantile regression method considers the conditional quantiles of the response variable, and is able to characterize the underlying regression structure in a more comprehensive manner. On the other hand, genetic studies often involve high-dimensional genomic features, and the underlying regression structure may be heterogeneous in terms of both effect sizes and sparsity. To account for the potential genetic heterogeneity, including the heterogeneous sparsity, a regularized quantile regression method is introduced. The theoretical property of the proposed method is investigated, and its performance is examined through a series of simulation studies. A real dataset is analyzed to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchuan He
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Linglong Kong
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G1
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Mathematics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics and Department of Statistics, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Heeres RW, Vlastakis B, Holland E, Krastanov S, Albert VV, Frunzio L, Jiang L, Schoelkopf RJ. Cavity State Manipulation Using Photon-Number Selective Phase Gates. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:137002. [PMID: 26451578 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.137002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The large available Hilbert space and high coherence of cavity resonators make these systems an interesting resource for storing encoded quantum bits. To perform a quantum gate on this encoded information, however, complex nonlinear operations must be applied to the many levels of the oscillator simultaneously. In this work, we introduce the selective number-dependent arbitrary phase (snap) gate, which imparts a different phase to each Fock-state component using an off-resonantly coupled qubit. We show that the snap gate allows control over the quantum phases by correcting the unwanted phase evolution due to the Kerr effect. Furthermore, by combining the snap gate with oscillator displacements, we create a one-photon Fock state with high fidelity. Using just these two controls, one can construct arbitrary unitary operations, offering a scalable route to performing logical manipulations on oscillator-encoded qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinier W Heeres
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Brian Vlastakis
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Stefan Krastanov
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Victor V Albert
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Luigi Frunzio
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Ozawa T, Ellison D, Gilbertson R, Holland E. PM-15 * C11orf95-RELA FUSION ALONE IS SUFFICIENT TO FORM HUMAN SUPRATENTORIAL EPENDYMOMA-LIKE TUMOR IN MICE. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou268.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Venneti S, Dunphy M, Zhang H, Pitter K, Campos C, Carlin S, Lyashchenko S, Ploessl C, Rohle D, Omuro A, Cross J, Brennan C, Weber W, Holland E, Mellinghoff I, Kung H, Lewis J, Thompson C. TM-15 * GLUTAMINE BASED PET IMAGING FACILITATES ENHANCED METABOLIC DETECTION OF GLIOMAS IN VIVO. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou278.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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48
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Pitter K, Diamond E, Brennan C, Yamada Y, Chan T, Holland E, Beal K. SM-06 * DEXAMETHASONE USE DURING RADIOTHERAPY IN HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA: AN INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou277.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Park JH, Lee H, Makaryus R, Yu M, Smith SD, Sayed K, Feng T, Holland E, Van der Linden A, Bolwig TG, Enikolopov G, Benveniste H. Metabolic profiling of dividing cells in live rodent brain by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) and LCModel analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94755. [PMID: 24819091 PMCID: PMC4018321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Dividing cells can be detected in the live brain by positron emission tomography or optical imaging. Here we apply proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) and a widely used spectral fitting algorithm to characterize the effect of increased neurogenesis after electroconvulsive shock in the live rodent brain via spectral signatures representing mobile lipids resonating at ∼1.30 ppm. In addition, we also apply the same 1HMRS methodology to metabolically profile glioblastomas with actively dividing cells growing in RCAS-PDGF mice. Methods 1HMRS metabolic profiles were acquired on a 9.4T MRI instrument in combination with LCModel spectral analysis of: 1) rat brains before and after ECS or sham treatments and 2) RCAS-PDGF mice with glioblastomas and wild-type controls. Quantified 1HMRS data were compared to post-mortem histology. Results Dividing cells in the rat hippocampus increased ∼3-fold after ECS compared to sham treatment. Quantification of hippocampal metabolites revealed significant decreases in N-acetyl-aspartate but no evidence of an elevated signal at ∼1.3 ppm (Lip13a+Lip13b) in the ECS compared to the sham group. In RCAS-PDGF mice a high density (22%) of dividing cells characterized glioblastomas. Nile Red staining revealed a small fraction (3%) of dying cells with intracellular lipid droplets in the tumors of RCAS-PDGF mice. Concentrations of NAA were lower, whereas lactate and Lip13a+Lip13b were found to be significantly higher in glioblastomas of RCAS-PDGF mice, when compared to normal brain tissue in the control mice. Conclusions Metabolic profiling using 1HMRS in combination with LCModel analysis did not reveal correlation between Lip13a+Lip13b spectral signatures and an increase in neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus after ECS. However, increases in Lip13a+Lip13b were evident in glioblastomas suggesting that a higher density of actively dividing cells and/or the presence of lipid droplets is necessary for LCModel to reveal mobile lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Hee Park
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Rany Makaryus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - S. David Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Kasim Sayed
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Annemie Van der Linden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bio-Imaging Laboratory, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom G. Bolwig
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Adachi K, Sasaki H, Nagahisa S, Yoshida K, Hattori N, Nishiyama Y, Kawase T, Hasegawa M, Abe M, Hirose Y, Alentorn A, Marie Y, Poggioli S, Alshehhi H, Boisselier B, Carpentier C, Mokhtari K, Capelle L, Figarella-Branger D, Hoang-Xuan K, Sanson M, Delattre JY, Idbaih A, Yust-Katz S, Anderson M, Olar A, Eterovic A, Ezzeddine N, Chen K, Zhao H, Fuller G, Aldape K, de Groot J, Andor N, Harness J, Lopez SG, Fung TL, Mewes HW, Petritsch C, Arivazhagan A, Somasundaram K, Thennarasu K, Pandey P, Anandh B, Santosh V, Chandramouli B, Hegde A, Kondaiah P, Rao M, Bell R, Kang R, Hong C, Song J, Costello J, Bell R, Nagarajan R, Zhang B, Diaz A, Wang T, Song J, Costello J, Bie L, Li Y, Li Y, Liu H, Luyo WFC, Carnero MH, Iruegas MEP, Morell AR, Figueiras MC, Lopez RL, Valverde CF, Chan AKY, Pang JCS, Chung NYF, Li KKW, Poon WS, Chan DTM, Wang Y, Ng HAK, Chaumeil M, Larson P, Yoshihara H, Vigneron D, Nelson S, Pieper R, Phillips J, Ronen S, Clark V, Omay ZE, Serin A, Gunel J, Omay B, Grady C, Youngblood M, Bilguvar K, Baehring J, Piepmeier J, Gutin P, Vortmeyer A, Brennan C, Pamir MN, Kilic T, Krischek B, Simon M, Yasuno K, Gunel M, Cohen AL, Sato M, Aldape KD, Mason C, Diefes K, Heathcock L, Abegglen L, Shrieve D, Couldwell W, Schiffman JD, Colman H, D'Alessandris QG, Cenci T, Martini M, Ricci-Vitiani L, De Maria R, Larocca LM, Pallini R, de Groot J, Theeler B, Aldape K, Lang F, Rao G, Gilbert M, Sulman E, Luthra R, Eterovic K, Chen K, Routbort M, Verhaak R, Mills G, Mendelsohn J, Meric-Bernstam F, Yung A, MacArthur K, Hahn S, Kao G, Lustig R, Alonso-Basanta M, Chandrasekaran S, Wileyto EP, Reyes E, Dorsey J, Fujii K, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Onishi M, Ishida J, Shimazu Y, Kaur B, Chiocca EA, Date I, Geisenberger C, Mock A, Warta R, Schwager C, Hartmann C, von Deimling A, Abdollahi A, Herold-Mende C, Gevaert O, Achrol A, Gholamin S, Mitra S, Westbroek E, Loya J, Mitchell L, Chang S, Steinberg G, Plevritis S, Cheshier S, Gevaert O, Mitchell L, Achrol A, Xu J, Steinberg G, Cheshier S, Napel S, Zaharchuk G, Plevritis S, Gevaert O, Achrol A, Chang S, Harsh G, Steinberg G, Cheshier S, Plevritis S, Gutman D, Holder C, Colen R, Dunn W, Jain R, Cooper L, Hwang S, Flanders A, Brat D, Hayes J, Droop A, Thygesen H, Boissinot M, Westhead D, Short S, Lawler S, Bady P, Kurscheid S, Delorenzi M, Hegi ME, Crosby C, Faulkner C, Smye-Rumsby T, Kurian K, Williams M, Hopkins K, Faulkner C, Palmer A, Williams H, Wragg C, Haynes HR, Williams M, Hopkins K, Kurian KM, Haynes HR, Crosby C, Williams H, White P, Hopkins K, Williams M, Kurian KM, Ishida J, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Onishi M, Fujii K, Shimazu Y, Oka T, Date I, Jalbert L, Elkhaled A, Phillips J, Chang S, Nelson S, Jensen R, Salzman K, Schabel M, Gillespie D, Mumert M, Johnson B, Mazor T, Hong C, Barnes M, Yamamoto S, Ueda H, Tatsuno K, Aihara K, Jalbert L, Nelson S, Bollen A, Hirst M, Marra M, Mukasa A, Saito N, Aburatani H, Berger M, Chang S, Taylor B, Costello J, Popov S, Mackay A, Ingram W, Burford A, Jury A, Vinci M, Jones C, Jones DTW, Hovestadt V, Picelli S, Wang W, Northcott PA, Kool M, Reifenberger G, Pietsch T, Sultan M, Lehrach H, Yaspo ML, Borkhardt A, Landgraf P, Eils R, Korshunov A, Zapatka M, Radlwimmer B, Pfister SM, Lichter P, Joy A, Smirnov I, Reiser M, Shapiro W, Mills G, Kim S, Feuerstein B, Jungk C, Mock A, Geisenberger C, Warta R, Friauf S, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C, Juratli TA, McElroy J, Meng W, Huebner A, Geiger KD, Krex D, Schackert G, Chakravarti A, Lautenschlaeger T, Kim BY, Jiang W, Beiko J, Prabhu S, DeMonte F, Lang F, Gilbert M, Aldape K, Sawaya R, Cahill D, McCutcheon I, Lau C, Wang L, Terashima K, Yamaguchi S, Burstein M, Sun J, Suzuki T, Nishikawa R, Nakamura H, Natsume A, Terasaka S, Ng HK, Muzny D, Gibbs R, Wheeler D, Lautenschlaeger T, Juratli TA, McElroy J, Meng W, Huebner A, Geiger KD, Krex D, Schackert G, Chakravarti A, Zhang XQ, Sun S, Lam KF, Kiang KMY, Pu JKS, Ho ASW, Leung GKK, Loebel F, Curry WT, Barker FG, Lelic N, Chi AS, Cahill DP, Lu D, Yin J, Teo C, McDonald K, Madhankumar A, Weston C, Slagle-Webb B, Sheehan J, Patel A, Glantz M, Connor J, Maire C, Francis J, Zhang CZ, Jung J, Manzo V, Adalsteinsson V, Homer H, Blumenstiel B, Pedamallu CS, Nickerson E, Ligon A, Love C, Meyerson M, Ligon K, Mazor T, Johnson B, Hong C, Barnes M, Jalbert LE, Nelson SJ, Bollen AW, Smirnov IV, Song JS, Olshen AB, Berger MS, Chang SM, Taylor BS, Costello JF, Mehta S, Armstrong B, Peng S, Bapat A, Berens M, Melendez B, Mollejo M, Mur P, Hernandez-Iglesias T, Fiano C, Ruiz J, Rey JA, Mock A, Stadler V, Schulte A, Lamszus K, Schichor C, Westphal M, Tonn JC, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C, Morozova O, Katzman S, Grifford M, Salama S, Haussler D, Nagarajan R, Zhang B, Johnson B, Bell R, Olshen A, Fouse S, Diaz A, Smirnov I, Kang R, Wang T, Costello J, Nakamizo S, Sasayama T, Tanaka H, Tanaka K, Mizukawa K, Yoshida M, Kohmura E, Northcott P, Hovestadt V, Jones D, Kool M, Korshunov A, Lichter P, Pfister S, Otani R, Mukasa A, Takayanagi S, Saito K, Tanaka 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OMICS AND PROGNSTIC MARKERS. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:iii136-iii155. [PMCID: PMC3823898 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
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