1
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Black D, Ayres S, Bondy K, Brierley R, Campbell R, Carhart N, Coggon J, Eaton E, Fichera E, Gibson A, Hatleskog E, Hickman M, Hicks B, Hunt A, Pain K, Pearce N, Pilkington P, Rosenberg G, Scally G. Tackling Root Causes Upstream of Unhealthy Urban Development (TRUUD): Protocol of a five-year prevention research consortium. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:30. [PMID: 35919506 PMCID: PMC9296993 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16382.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor quality urban environments substantially increase non-communicable disease. Responsibility for associated decision-making is dispersed across multiple agents and systems: fast growing urban authorities are the primary gatekeepers of new development and change in the UK, yet the driving forces are remote private sector interests supported by a political economy focused on short-termism and consumption-based growth. Economic valuation of externalities is widely thought to be fundamental, yet evidence on how to value and integrate it into urban development decision-making is limited, and it forms only a part of the decision-making landscape. Researchers must find new ways of integrating socio-environmental costs at numerous key leverage points across multiple complex systems. This mixed-methods study comprises of six highly integrated work packages. It aims to develop and test a multi-action intervention in two urban areas: one on large-scale mixed-use development, the other on major transport. The core intervention is the co-production with key stakeholders through interviews, workshops, and participatory action research, of three areas of evidence: economic valuations of changed health outcomes; community-led media on health inequalities; and routes to potential impact mapped through co-production with key decision-makers, advisors and the lay public. This will be achieved by: mapping system of actors and processes involved in each case study; developing, testing and refining the combined intervention; evaluating the extent to which policy and practice changes amongst our target users, and the likelihood of impact on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) downstream. The integration of such diverse disciplines and sectors presents multiple practical/operational issues. The programme is testing new approaches to research, notably with regards practitioner-researcher integration and transdisciplinary research co-leadership. Other critical risks relate to urban development timescales, uncertainties in upstream-downstream causality, and the demonstration of impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Black
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Sarah Ayres
- School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Krista Bondy
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Rachel Brierley
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Rona Campbell
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Neil Carhart
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - John Coggon
- Bristol Law School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Eleanor Eaton
- Department of Economics, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Andy Gibson
- Health and Social Sciences, UWE Bristol, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Eli Hatleskog
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Ben Hicks
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Alistair Hunt
- Department of Economics, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Kathy Pain
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UD, UK
| | - Nick Pearce
- Institute of Policy Research, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Paul Pilkington
- Health and Social Sciences, UWE Bristol, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Ges Rosenberg
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Gabriel Scally
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
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2
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Marcus G, Siri J, Gatzweiler F, Dora C, Aerts J, Nandudu S, Claeson A, Carbajal P, Roebbel N, Petrella L, de Sá TH. Supporting a Healthy Planet, Healthy People and Health Equity through Urban and Territorial Planning. PLANNING, PRACTICE & RESEARCH 2022; 37:111-130. [PMID: 35153364 PMCID: PMC8827622 DOI: 10.1080/02697459.2021.2000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The form of human settlements impacts on planetary health, population health and health equity. Yet goals for urban and territorial planning are only tangentially linked to public health outcomes. The WHO and UN-Habitat support actions to bring health to the fore in planning and design of human settlements, recently publishing 'Integrating Health in Urban and Territorial Planning: a sourcebook' focusing on 'why' action is needed, 'how' to initiate it; and curating several existing resources on 'what' to do. Recommendations for research, policy and practice include calls for rapid development of closer relationships between public health and spatial planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franz Gatzweiler
- Urban Health and Wellbeing Programme, International Science Council (ISC), China
| | - Carlos Dora
- International Society of Urban Health (ISUH), USA
| | - Jens Aerts
- International Society of City and Regional Planners (Isocarp, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Nandudu
- Slum Dwellers International, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alice Claeson
- Department of Emergency Medicine , Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
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3
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Moore G, Michie S, Anderson J, Belesova K, Crane M, Deloly C, Dimitroulopoulou S, Gitau H, Hale J, Lloyd SJ, Mberu B, Muindi K, Niu Y, Pineo H, Pluchinotta I, Prasad A, Roue-Le Gall A, Shrubsole C, Turcu C, Tsoulou I, Wilkinson P, Zhou K, Zimmermann N, Davies M, Osrin D. Developing a programme theory for a transdisciplinary research collaboration: Complex Urban Systems for Sustainability and Health. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:35. [PMID: 34095507 PMCID: PMC8156501 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16542.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Environmental improvement is a priority for urban sustainability and health and achieving it requires transformative change in cities. An approach to achieving such change is to bring together researchers, decision-makers, and public groups in the creation of research and use of scientific evidence. Methods: This article describes the development of a programme theory for Complex Urban Systems for Sustainability and Health (CUSSH), a four-year Wellcome-funded research collaboration which aims to improve capacity to guide transformational health and environmental changes in cities. Results: Drawing on ideas about complex systems, programme evaluation, and transdisciplinary learning, we describe how the programme is understood to "work" in terms of its anticipated processes and resulting changes. The programme theory describes a chain of outputs that ultimately leads to improvement in city sustainability and health (described in an 'action model'), and the kinds of changes that we expect CUSSH should lead to in people, processes, policies, practices, and research (described in a 'change model'). Conclusions: Our paper adds to a growing body of research on the process of developing a comprehensive understanding of a transdisciplinary, multiagency, multi-context programme. The programme theory was developed collaboratively over two years. It involved a participatory process to ensure that a broad range of perspectives were included, to contribute to shared understanding across a multidisciplinary team. Examining our approach allowed an appreciation of the benefits and challenges of developing a programme theory for a complex, transdisciplinary research collaboration. Benefits included the development of teamworking and shared understanding and the use of programme theory in guiding evaluation. Challenges included changing membership within a large group, reaching agreement on what the theory would be 'about', and the inherent unpredictability of complex initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Moore
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | | | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health and Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Melanie Crane
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Clément Deloly
- Department of Environmental and occupational Health, EHESP, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - Sani Dimitroulopoulou
- Air Quality and Public Health, Environmental Hazards and Emergencies Dept, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Hellen Gitau
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joanna Hale
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Simon J. Lloyd
- Climate and Health Programme (CLIMA), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Blessing Mberu
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kanyiva Muindi
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yanlin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Helen Pineo
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Irene Pluchinotta
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Aarathi Prasad
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anne Roue-Le Gall
- Department of Environmental and occupational Health, EHESP, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - Clive Shrubsole
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Catalina Turcu
- Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, London, 1WC 0NN, UK
| | - Ioanna Tsoulou
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health and Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Ke Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Nici Zimmermann
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - David Osrin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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4
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Moore G, Michie S, Anderson J, Belesova K, Crane M, Deloly C, Dimitroulopoulou S, Gitau H, Hale J, Lloyd SJ, Mberu B, Muindi K, Niu Y, Pineo H, Pluchinotta I, Prasad A, Roue-Le Gall A, Shrubsole C, Turcu C, Tsoulou I, Wilkinson P, Zhou K, Zimmermann N, Davies M, Osrin D. Developing a programme theory for a transdisciplinary research collaboration: Complex Urban Systems for Sustainability and Health. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:35. [PMID: 34095507 PMCID: PMC8156501 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16542.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Environmental improvement is a priority for urban sustainability and health and achieving it requires transformative change in cities. An approach to achieving such change is to bring together researchers, decision-makers, and public groups in the creation of research and use of scientific evidence. Methods: This article describes the development of a programme theory for Complex Urban Systems for Sustainability and Health (CUSSH), a four-year Wellcome-funded research collaboration which aims to improve capacity to guide transformational health and environmental changes in cities. Results: Drawing on ideas about complex systems, programme evaluation, and transdisciplinary learning, we describe how the programme is understood to “work” in terms of its anticipated processes and resulting changes. The programme theory describes a chain of outputs that ultimately leads to improvement in city sustainability and health (described in an ‘action model’), and the kinds of changes that we expect CUSSH should lead to in people, processes, policies, practices, and research (described in a ‘change model’). Conclusions: Our paper adds to a growing body of research on the process of developing a comprehensive understanding of a transdisciplinary, multiagency, multi-context programme. The programme theory was developed collaboratively over two years. It involved a participatory process to ensure that a broad range of perspectives were included, to contribute to shared understanding across a multidisciplinary team. Examining our approach allowed an appreciation of the benefits and challenges of developing a programme theory for a complex, transdisciplinary research collaboration. Benefits included the development of teamworking and shared understanding and the use of programme theory in guiding evaluation. Challenges included changing membership within a large group, reaching agreement on what the theory would be ‘about’, and the inherent unpredictability of complex initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Moore
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | | | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health and Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Melanie Crane
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Clément Deloly
- Department of Environmental and occupational Health, EHESP, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - Sani Dimitroulopoulou
- Air Quality and Public Health, Environmental Hazards and Emergencies Dept, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Hellen Gitau
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joanna Hale
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Simon J Lloyd
- Climate and Health Programme (CLIMA), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Blessing Mberu
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kanyiva Muindi
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yanlin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Helen Pineo
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Irene Pluchinotta
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Aarathi Prasad
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anne Roue-Le Gall
- Department of Environmental and occupational Health, EHESP, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - Clive Shrubsole
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Catalina Turcu
- Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, London, 1WC 0NN, UK
| | - Ioanna Tsoulou
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health and Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Ke Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Nici Zimmermann
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - David Osrin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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5
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Scally G, Black D, Pilkington P, Williams B, Ige-Elegbede J, Prestwood E. The Application of 'Elite Interviewing' Methodology in Transdisciplinary Research: a Record of Process and Lessons Learned during a 3-Year Pilot in Urban Planetary Health Research. J Urban Health 2021; 98:404-414. [PMID: 33988827 PMCID: PMC8190191 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-021-00542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper sets out the rationale and process for the interviewing methodology utilized during a 3-year research pilot, 'Moving Health Upstream in Urban Development' (UPSTREAM). The project had two primary aims: firstly, to attempt to value economically the health cost benefits associated with the quality of urban environments and secondly, to engage with those in control of urban development in the UK in order to determine what are the barriers to and opportunities for creating healthy urban environments, including those identified through the utilisation of economic valuation. Engagement at senior level with those who have most control over key facets of planning and development implementation-such as land disposal, investment, development delivery and planning permission-was central to the approach, which encompassed the adoption of 'elite interviewing', a method developed in the USA in the 1950s and used in the political sciences but relatively unutilized in the health and environmental sciences [1]. Two rounds of semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 15 senior decision-makers from the UK's main urban development delivery agencies, both public and private. The 'elite interviewing' approach successfully enabled the UPSTREAM project to capture and analyse the information received from the interviewees, all of whom held influential or leadership posts in organisations that are important actors in the process of planning, developing and constructing the built environment in the UK. Having academic and practitioner research leads on an equal footing created some minor tensions, but it also appeared to strengthen the rigor of the approach through a broad knowledge of context 'in-house'. This form of co-production at times challenged academic traditions in qualitative analysis, but it also appeared to build trust with interviewees and provided greater clarity of the real-world context under investigation. Findings from this study are written up in a separate paper.
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6
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Pineo H, Audia C, Black D, French M, Gemmell E, Lovasi GS, Milner J, Montes F, Niu Y, Pérez-Ferrer C, Siri J, Taruc RR. Building a Methodological Foundation for Impactful Urban Planetary Health Science. J Urban Health 2021; 98:442-452. [PMID: 32572677 PMCID: PMC8190224 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-020-00463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental change will heavily impact cities, yet associated health risks will depend significantly on decisions made by urban leaders across a wide range of non-health sectors, including transport, energy, housing, basic urban services, and others. A subset of planetary health researchers focus on understanding the urban health impacts of global environmental change, and how these vary globally and within cities. Such researchers increasingly adopt collaborative transdisciplinary approaches to engage policy-makers, private citizens, and other actors in identifying and evaluating potential policy solutions that will reduce environmental impacts in ways that simultaneously promote health, equity, and/or local economies-in other words, maximising 'co-benefits'. This report presents observations from a participatory workshop focused on challenges and opportunities for urban planetary health research. The workshop, held at the 16th International Conference on Urban Health (ICUH) in Xiamen, China, in November 2019, brought together 49 participants and covered topics related to collaboration, data, and research impact. It featured research projects funded by the Wellcome Trust's Our Planet Our Health (OPOH) programme. This report aims to concisely summarise and disseminate participants' collective contributions to current methodological practice in urban planetary health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Pineo
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London, WC1H 0NN, UK.
| | - Camilla Audia
- Department of Geography, School of Global Affairs, Faculty of Social Science and Public Policy, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Daniel Black
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, First Floor, 5 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Matthew French
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, 8 Scenic Blvd, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Gemmell
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Gina S Lovasi
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1E#19A-40, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yanlin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Carolina Pérez-Ferrer
- CONACYT ─ National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - José Siri
- Our Planet Our Health, Wellcome Trust, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Ruzka R Taruc
- Public Health Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, Indonesia
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7
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Pineo H, Turnbull ER, Davies M, Rowson M, Hayward AC, Hart G, Johnson AM, Aldridge RW. A new transdisciplinary research model to investigate and improve the health of the public. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:481-492. [PMID: 33450013 PMCID: PMC8049543 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdisciplinary research approaches are being applied to today's complex health problems, including the climate crisis and widening inequalities. Diverse forms of disciplinary and experiential knowledge are required to understand these challenges and develop workable solutions. We aimed to create an updated model reflective of the strengths and challenges of current transdisciplinary health research that can be a guide for future studies. We searched Medline using terms related to transdisciplinary, health and research. We coded data deductively and inductively using thematic analysis to develop a preliminary model of transdisciplinary research. The model was tested and improved through: (i) a workshop with 27 participants at an international conference in Xiamen, China and (ii) online questionnaire feedback from included study authors. Our revised model recommends the following approach: (i) co-learning, an ongoing phase that recognizes the distributed nature of knowledge generation and learning across partners; (ii) (pre-)development, activities that occur before and during project initiation to establish a shared mission and ways of working; (iii) reflection and refinement to evaluate and improve processes and results, responding to emergent information and priorities as an ongoing phase; (iv) conceptualization to develop goals and the study approach by combining diverse knowledge; (v) investigation to conduct the research; (vi) implementation to use new knowledge to solve societal problems. The model includes linear and cyclical processes that may cycle back to project development. Our new model will support transdisciplinary research teams and their partners by detailing the necessary ingredients to conduct such research and achieve health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Pineo
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Eleanor R Turnbull
- Academic Foundation Programme, North Central and East London Foundation School, Health Education England, Stewart House, 32 Russell Square, Bloomsbury, London, UK
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Mike Rowson
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew C Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Graham Hart
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7BN, UK
| | - Anne M Johnson
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Robert W Aldridge
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
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8
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Black D, Ayres S, Bondy K, Brierley R, Campbell R, Carhart N, Coggon J, Eaton E, Fichera E, Gibson A, Hatleskog E, Hickman M, Hicks B, Hunt A, Pain K, Pearce N, Pilkington P, Rosenberg G, Scally G. Tackling Root Causes Upstream of Unhealthy Urban Development (TRUUD): Protocol of a five-year prevention research consortium. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:30. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16382.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor quality urban environments substantially increase non-communicable disease. Responsibility for associated decision-making is dispersed across multiple agents and systems: fast growing urban authorities are the primary gatekeepers of new development and change in the UK, yet the driving forces are remote private sector interests supported by a political economy focused on short-termism and consumption-based growth. Economic valuation of externalities is widely thought to be fundamental, yet evidence on how to value and integrate it into urban development decision-making is limited, and it forms only a part of the decision-making landscape. Researchers must find new ways of integrating socio-environmental costs at numerous key leverage points across multiple complex systems. This mixed-methods study comprises of six highly integrated work packages. It aims to develop and test a multi-action intervention in two urban areas: one on large-scale mixed-use development, the other on major transport. The core intervention is the co-production with key stakeholders through interviews, workshops, and participatory action research, of three areas of evidence: economic valuations of changed health outcomes; community-led media on health inequalities; and routes to potential impact mapped through co-production with key decision-makers, advisors and the lay public. This will be achieved by: mapping system of actors and processes involved in each case study; developing, testing and refining the combined intervention; evaluating the extent to which policy and practice changes amongst our target users, and the likelihood of impact on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) downstream. The integration of such diverse disciplines and sectors presents multiple practical/operational issues. The programme is testing new approaches to research, notably with regards practitioner-researcher integration and transdisciplinary research co-leadership. Other critical risks relate to urban development timescales, uncertainties in upstream-downstream causality, and the demonstration of impact.
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9
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Crane M, Lloyd S, Haines A, Ding D, Hutchinson E, Belesova K, Davies M, Osrin D, Zimmermann N, Capon A, Wilkinson P, Turcu C. Transforming cities for sustainability: A health perspective. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106366. [PMID: 33422969 PMCID: PMC8543068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transformational change is urgently needed to address planetary health challenges in cities. Through an interdisciplinary overview of the literature, we consider how to frame and unpack city-level transformation towards synergistic benefits for urban health and environmental sustainability. By describing the characteristics of a 'healthy sustainable city' and by bringing together the ideas underlying frameworks for health and sustainability, we develop a conceptual understanding of how cities may progress towards achieving significant improvements in health and the environment. We investigate how urban change works, and build a theoretical understanding of how urban change may be directed to integrate health and sustainability. We conclude that urban transformation needs to be a multi-scalar process across city sectors to meet the scale, speed and form of change required. We propose that this can best be achieved in practice through a composition of mechanisms, including strengthening city governance, enabling technological and social innovations, applying sustainable urban planning and infrastructure development, and impelling social behaviour change; supported by systems-driven policy and practice-focused scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Crane
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Simon Lloyd
- Centre for Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Haines
- Centre for Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Ding Ding
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma Hutchinson
- Centre for Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre for Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Davies
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy & Resources, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - David Osrin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Nici Zimmermann
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy & Resources, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Capon
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Centre for Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Catalina Turcu
- Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, United Kingdom
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10
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Sargent L, Slattum P, Brooks M, Gendron T, Mackiewicz M, Diallo A, Waters L, Winship J, Battle K, Ford G, Falls K, Chung J, Zanjani F, Pretzer-Aboff I, Price ET, Prom-Worley E, Parsons P. Bringing Transdisciplinary Aging Research from Theory to Practice. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 62:159-168. [PMID: 33349850 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing emphasis to use a transdisciplinary team approach to accelerate innovations in science to solve complex conditions associated with aging. However, the optimal organizational structure and process for how to accomplish transdisciplinary team science is unclear. In this forum, we illustrate our team's experience using transdisciplinary approaches to solve challenging and persistent problems for older adults living in urban communities. We describe our challenges and successes using the National Institutes of Health four-phase model of transdisciplinary team-based research. Using a de-identified survey, the team conducted an internal evaluation to identify features that created challenges including structural incongruities, inter-professional blind spots, group function, and group dynamics. This work resulted in the creation of the team's Transdisciplinary Conceptual Model. This model became essential to understanding the complex interplay between societal factors, community partners, and academic partners. Conducting internal evaluations of transdisciplinary team processes are integral for teams to move beyond the multi- and interdisciplinary niche and to reach true transdisciplinary success. More research is needed to develop measures that assess team transdisciplinary integration. Once the process of transdisciplinary integration can be reliably assessed, the next step would be to determine the impact of transdisciplinary team-science initiatives on aging communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Sargent
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Program, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patricia Slattum
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Program, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Virgnia Geriatric Education Center, Virginia Center on Aging, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marshall Brooks
- School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tracey Gendron
- Department of Gerontology, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marissa Mackiewicz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Program, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ana Diallo
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Leland Waters
- Virgnia Geriatric Education Center, Virginia Center on Aging, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jodi Winship
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly Battle
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Katherine Falls
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jane Chung
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Faika Zanjani
- Department of Gerontology, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ingrid Pretzer-Aboff
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Elvin T Price
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Program, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Prom-Worley
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pamela Parsons
- School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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11
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Designing healthier neighbourhoods: a systematic review of the impact of the neighbourhood design on health and wellbeing. CITIES & HEALTH 2020; 6:1004-1019. [PMID: 36618774 PMCID: PMC9810039 DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2020.1799173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the impact of neighbourhood design on health and wellbeing, yet there are limited reviews investigating the quality of the evidence and the most effective interventions at a population level. This systematic review aims to clarify the impact of the neighbourhood design on health and wellbeing and evaluate the quality of the evidence underpinning such associations. Eight electronic databases were searched for studies conducted between 2000 and 2016. Additional searches were conducted on Google to identify potentially eligible grey literature. A total of 7694 studies were returned from the literature search, and a final selection of 39 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Findings from the studies showed important associations between neighbourhood design principles such as walkability, access to green space and amenities on health and wellbeing. Findings from this review also highlight areas with inconsistent findings and gaps in the evidence for future research.
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12
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Fernández Ortiz A, Bueno Ortiz JM. [Commitment to Planetary Health]. Aten Primaria 2019; 51:467-468. [PMID: 31582189 PMCID: PMC6836975 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fernández Ortiz
- Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, Sección Jóvenes Médicos de semFYC, Grupo de Trabajo «Environment» de WONCA, Barcelona, España.
| | - José Miguel Bueno Ortiz
- Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, Sección Internacional de semFYC, Grupo de Trabajo «Environment» de WONCA, Murcia, España
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