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Liao S, Chen Y, Luo Y, Zhang M, Min J. The phenotypic changes of Schwann cells promote the functional repair of nerve injury. Neuropeptides 2024; 106:102438. [PMID: 38749170 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Functional recovery after nerve injury is a significant challenge due to the complex nature of nerve injury repair and the non-regeneration of neurons. Schwann cells (SCs), play a crucial role in the nerve injury repair process because of their high plasticity, secretion, and migration abilities. Upon nerve injury, SCs undergo a phenotypic change and redifferentiate into a repair phenotype, which helps in healing by recruiting phagocytes, removing myelin fragments, promoting axon regeneration, and facilitating myelin formation. However, the repair phenotype can be unstable, limiting the effectiveness of the repair. Recent research has found that transplantation of SCs can be an effective treatment option, therefore, it is essential to comprehend the phenotypic changes of SCs and clarify the related mechanisms to develop the transplantation therapy further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Yin Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Jun Min
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China.
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2
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Testa L, Dotta S, Vercelli A, Marvaldi L. Communicating pain: emerging axonal signaling in peripheral neuropathic pain. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1398400. [PMID: 39045347 PMCID: PMC11265228 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1398400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve damage often leads to the onset of neuropathic pain (NeuP). This condition afflicts millions of people, significantly burdening healthcare systems and putting strain on families' financial well-being. Here, we will focus on the role of peripheral sensory neurons, specifically the Dorsal Root Ganglia neurons (DRG neurons) in the development of NeuP. After axotomy, DRG neurons activate regenerative signals of axons-soma communication to promote a gene program that activates an axonal branching and elongation processes. The results of a neuronal morphological cytoskeleton change are not always associated with functional recovery. Moreover, any axonal miss-targeting may contribute to NeuP development. In this review, we will explore the epidemiology of NeuP and its molecular causes at the level of the peripheral nervous system and the target organs, with major focus on the neuronal cross-talk between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Specifically, we will describe how failures in the neuronal regenerative program can exacerbate NeuP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Testa
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano (Torino), Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, Torino, Italy
| | - Sofia Dotta
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano (Torino), Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano (Torino), Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, Torino, Italy
| | - Letizia Marvaldi
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano (Torino), Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, Torino, Italy
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3
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Zhang Q, Gao S, Li B, Li Q, Li X, Cheng J, Peng Z, Liang J, Zhang K, Hai J, Zhang B. Lithium-Doped Titanium Dioxide-Based Multilayer Hierarchical Structure for Accelerating Nerve-Induced Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16. [PMID: 38663861 PMCID: PMC11082843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in artificial bone tissues, the absence of neural network reconstruction in their design often leads to delayed or ineffective bone healing. Hence, we propose a multilayer hierarchical lithium (Li)-doped titanium dioxide structure, constructed through microarc oxidation combined with alkaline heat treatment. This structure can induce the sustained release of Li ions, mimicking the environment of neurogenic osteogenesis characterized by high brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. During in vitro experiments, the structure enhanced the differentiation of Schwann cells (SCs) and the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse embryo osteoblast progenitor cells (MC3T3-E1). Additionally, in a coculture system, the SC-conditioned media markedly increased alkaline phosphatase expression and the formation of calcium nodules, demonstrating the excellent potential of the material for nerve-induced bone regeneration. In an in vivo experiment based on a rat distal femoral lesion model, the structure substantially enhanced bone healing by increasing the density of the neural network in the tissue around the implant. In conclusion, this study elucidates the neuromodulatory pathways involved in bone regeneration, providing a promising method for addressing bone deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- School
(Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuting Gao
- Dental
Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bo Li
- The
Third Affiliated Hospital of AFMU, Air Force
Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Qian Li
- School
(Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinjie Li
- School
(Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingyang Cheng
- Suzhou
Huaxia Stomatological Hospital, Su Zhou 215000, China
| | - Zhenjun Peng
- State
Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Research
Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- School
(Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun Hai
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical
Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- School
(Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Long RM, Ong H, Wang WX, Komirishetty P, Areti A, Chandrasekhar A, Larouche M, Lefebvre JL, Zochodne DW. The Role of Protocadherin γ in Adult Sensory Neurons and Skin Reinnervation. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8348-8366. [PMID: 37821230 PMCID: PMC10711737 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1940-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered protocadherins (cPcdhs) play a critical role in the patterning of several CNS axon and dendritic arbors, through regulation of homophilic self and neighboring interactions. While not explored, primary peripheral sensory afferents that innervate the epidermis may require similar constraints to convey spatial signals with appropriate fidelity. Here, we show that members of the γ-Pcdh (Pcdhγ) family are expressed in both adult sensory neuron axons and in neighboring keratinocytes that have close interactions during skin reinnervation. Adult mice of both sexes were studied. Pcdhγ knock-down either through small interfering RNA (siRNA) transduction or AAV-Cre recombinase transfection of adult mouse primary sensory neurons from floxed Pcdhγ mice was associated with a remarkable rise in neurite outgrowth and branching. Rises in outgrowth were abrogated by Rac1 inhibition. Moreover, AAV-Cre knock-down in Pcdhγ floxed neurons generated a rise in neurite self-intersections, and a robust rise in neighbor intersections or tiling, suggesting a role in sensory axon repulsion. Interestingly, preconditioned (3-d axotomy) neurons with enhanced growth had temporary declines in Pcdhγ and lessened outgrowth from Pcdhγ siRNA. In vivo, mice with local hindpaw skin Pcdhγ knock-down by siRNA had accelerated reinnervation by new epidermal axons with greater terminal branching and reduced intra-axonal spacing. Pcdhγ knock-down also had reciprocal impacts on keratinocyte density and nuclear size. Taken together, this work provides evidence for a role of Pcdhγ in attenuating outgrowth of sensory axons and their interactions, with implications in how new reinnervating axons following injury fare amid skin keratinocytes that also express Pcdhγ.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The molecular mechanisms and potential constraints that govern skin reinnervation and patterning by sensory axons are largely unexplored. Here, we show that γ-protocadherins (Pcdhγ) may help to dictate interaction not only among axons but also between axons and keratinocytes as the former re-enter the skin during reinnervation. Pcdhγ neuronal knock-down enhances outgrowth in peripheral sensory neurons, involving the growth cone protein Rac1 whereas skin Pcdhγ knock-down generates rises in terminal epidermal axon growth and branching during re-innervation. Manipulation of sensory axon regrowth within the epidermis offers an opportunity to influence regenerative outcomes following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Long
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Honyi Ong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Wendy Xueyi Wang
- Program for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5R 0A3, Canada
| | - Prashanth Komirishetty
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Aparna Areti
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Ambika Chandrasekhar
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Matt Larouche
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Julie L Lefebvre
- Program for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5R 0A3, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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Koplay TG, Yildiran G, Dursunoglu D, Aktan M, Duman S, Akdag O, Karamese M, Tosun Z. The Effects of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Originating Exosomes on Nerve Allograft Regeneration: An Experimental Study in Rats. Ann Plast Surg 2023; 90:261-266. [PMID: 36796049 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nerve regeneration has been the subject of many studies because of its complex mechanism and functional outcome. Mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes are promising factors in regeneration in many areas. Reconstruction of nerve defects is a controversial issue, and nerve allografts are promising alternatives with many advantages. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the nerve regeneration in cellularized and decellularized nerve allografts and whether it is possible to accelerate this process with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ad MSC) or ad MSC-originating exosomes. METHOD This study was performed with 36 Lewis and 18 Brown Norway isogenic male rats aged 10 to 12 weeks and weighing 300 to 350 g. The Lewis rats were divided into 6 groups. Nerve allografts at a length of 12 mm that were obtained from the Brown Norway rats' proximal portion of both sciatic nerve branching points were coapted as cellularized in group A and decellularized in group B to the sciatic nerve defects of the Lewis rats. Group A received oral tacrolimus (0.2 mg/kg) for 30 days. Perineural saline (A1-B1), ad MSC (A2-B2), or ad MSC-originating exosomes (A3-B3) were applied to these groups. Walking track analysis, pinch-prick test and electromyelography were applied at the 8th and 16th weeks following surgery. Nerves were examined histopathologically at the 16th week. RESULTS Between cellularized groups, better results were shown in A3 about axon-myelin regeneration/organization (P = 0.001), endoneural connective tissue (P = 0.005), and inflammation (P = 0.004). Better results were shown in the B2 and B3 groups electromyelographicaly about latency period (P = 0.033) and action potential (P = 0.008) at late period, and histomorphologicaly at vascularization (P = 0.012). DISCUSSION It is argued that regeneration is accelerated with decellularization of nerve allografts by removing the chondroidin sulfate proteoglycans. The positive effects of stem cells are derived by exosomes without the cell-related disadvantages. In this study, better results were obtained by decellularization and perineural application of ad MSC and/or ad MSC exosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Gun Koplay
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Konya City Hospital
| | | | - Duygu Dursunoglu
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Selcuk University Medical Faculty
| | - Murad Aktan
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Necmettin Erbakan University Medical Faculty
| | - Selcuk Duman
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Necmettin Erbakan University Medical Faculty
| | - Osman Akdag
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Karamese
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Tosun
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
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Pereira CT, Hill EE, Stasyuk A, Parikh N, Dhillon J, Wang A, Li A. Molecular Basis of Surgical Coaptation Techniques in Peripheral Nerve Injuries. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041555. [PMID: 36836090 PMCID: PMC9966153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries requiring surgical repair affect over 100,000 individuals in the US annually. Three accepted methods of peripheral repair include end-to-end, end-to-side, and side-to-side neurorrhaphy, each with its own set of indications. While it remains important to understand the specific circumstances in which each method is employed, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the repair can add to the surgeon's decision-making algorithm when considering each technique, as well as help decide nuances in technique such as the need for making epineurial versus perineurial windows, length and dept of the nerve window, and distance from target muscle. In addition, a thorough knowledge of individual factors that are active in a particular repair can help guide research into adjunct therapies. This paper serves to summarize the similarities and divergences of the three commonly used nerve repair strategies and the scope of molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways in nerve regeneration as well as to identify the gaps in knowledge that should be addressed if we are to improve clinical outcomes in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford T. Pereira
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Elise E. Hill
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Surgery, David Grant Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, CA 94535, USA
| | - Anastasiya Stasyuk
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Neil Parikh
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Chen Y, Pan Z, Meng F, Yu X, Xu Q, Huang L, Liang Q, Wu Y, Lin X. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the therapeutic effect of combined electroacupuncture and stem cells in acute peripheral nerve injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1065557. [PMID: 36605615 PMCID: PMC9807880 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1065557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a combination of Bone Mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation and Electroacupuncture (EA) for acute sciatic nerve injury in rats using magnetic resonance. Methods: Ninety-two male adult healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the EA+BMSCs group, EA group, MSCs group, and PBS group (control). Electroacupuncture was performed on a rat receiving EA treatment at Huantiao (GB30) and Zusanli (ST36). T2 values and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological assessments, and immunohistochemistry was used to monitor nerve regeneration. Walking track analysis was used to assess nerve functional recovery. Repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of T2, DTI, and SFI values among the four groups. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparing the histological characteristics. Bonferroni test was used for multiple pairwise comparisons at each time point. Results: In terms of FA, the EA+BMSCs and EA groups had faster recovery than PBS (control) in all time points after surgery, and the EA+BMSCs group recovered better than the BMSCs group at 3 weeks (P ≤ 0.008). FA values were higher in the EA group than in the BMSCs group at 4 weeks (P ≤ 0.008). In terms of RD, the EA+BMSCs group recovered better than the BMSCs group at 2 and 4 weeks (P ≤ 0.008). Immunofluorescence staining for axon guidance molecule netrin-1 revealed that it was significantly higher in the EA+BMSCs subgroup and EA subgroup than it was in the control (PBS) subgroup at 1-3 weeks (P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence staining for S100 showed the continuity of nerve fibers recovered more quickly in the EA+BMSCs subgroup than in the BMSCs subgroup. Conclusion: Our research revealed that a combination of MSCs and EA can provide both topological and biomolecular guidance to promote axonal extension, myelin regeneration, and functional recovery after PNI. EA not only promotes nerve repair on its own, but also enhanced the beneficial effects of stem cell treatment and the secretion of netrin 1, a guidance regeneration factor, and promotes the orderly growth of nerve fibers. These PNI repairs could be monitored non-invasively and in situ by MRI. The FA and RD values derived from MRI could be sensitive biomarkers to reflect the PNI repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongxian Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuewen Yu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Leyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiumei Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin
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The Prognostic Value of Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) Receptor and Serum Netrin-1 in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133700. [PMID: 35806983 PMCID: PMC9267364 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurological disease. Netrin-1 and deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) receptor are potential biomarkers associated with nerve regeneration and immune regulation. We aimed to investigate the ability of the DCC receptor and Netrin-1 to predict a high ICP level after operation in severe traumatic brain injury and their prognostic significance. This study is a prospective observational study. We selected 23 patients with traumatic brain injury who had undergone surgical operations as subjects. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the contusion tissue that was removed by the operation to determine the expression of DCC receptor. At the same time, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect the serum Netrin-1 content. Determination of intracranial pressure (ICP) value was measured by intraventricular catheter. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at six months after trauma was defined as the main study endpoint. The results showed that serum Netrin-1 concentrations of patients in the critical TBI group (GCS 3–5 points) was significantly lower than that in the severe TBI group (GCS 6–8 points). The ICP peak and average mannitol consumption in the high Netrin-1 group were significantly lower than those in the low Netrin-1 group. DCC receptor-positive patients had a significantly lower ICP peak. There was no significant difference in six month-GOS scores between patients in the high and low Netrin-1 groups, while DCC receptor concentrations below 3.82 ng/mL predicted poor prognosis (GOS 1–3 points). In conclusion, the expression level of the DCC receptor can better evaluate the postoperative high ICP level and prognosis than the level of serum Netrin-1 in severe traumatic brain injury.
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UNC5B Overexpression Alleviates Peripheral Neuropathic Pain by Stimulating Netrin-1-Dependent Autophagic Flux in Schwann Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5041-5055. [PMID: 35668343 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lesions or diseases of the somatosensory system can cause neuropathic pain (NP). Schwann cell (SC) autophagy plays an important role in NP. Uncoordinated gene 5 homolog B (UNC5B), the canonical dependent receptor of netrin-1, is known to be exclusively expressed in SCs and involved in NP; however, the underlying mechanisms were unclear. A rat model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) was used to induce peripheral neuropathic pain. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) overexpressing UNC5B was applied to the injured nerve, and an autophagy inhibitor, 3-mechyladenine (3-MA), was intraperitoneally injected in some animals. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate NP, the morphology of the injured nerves was analyzed, and autophagy-related proteins were detected. A rat SC line (RSC96) undergoing oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to mimic an ischemic setting to examine the role of UNC5B in autophagy. Local UNC5B overexpression alleviated CCI-induced NP and rescued myelin degeneration. Meanwhile, UNC5B overexpression improved CCI-induced impairment of autophagic flux, while the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA reversed the analgesic effect of UNC5B. In cultured SCs, UNC5B helped recruit netrin-1 to the cell membrane. UNC5B overexpression promoted autophagic flux while inhibiting apoptosis, which was further augmented with exogenous netrin-1 and reversed by netrin-1 knockdown. The enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Unc51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) by UNC5B overexpression was also correlated with netrin-1. Our results suggest that UNC5B facilitates autophagic flux in SCs via phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1, dependent on its ligand netrin-1, protecting myelin and partly preventing injury-induced NP.
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10
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Wang Z, Jiang T, Aji T, Aimulajiang K, Liu Y, Lv G, Wen H. Netrin-1 promotes liver regeneration possibly by facilitating vagal nerve repair after partial hepatectomy in mice. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110227. [PMID: 34954393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic regeneration after hepatectomy is a great concern in clinical practice. Recently, the neuronal guidance protein netrin-1 has been reported to enhance regeneration after nerve injury. The goal of this study was to preliminarily investigate whether netrin-1 stimulates vagus nerve regeneration to promote liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. The expression of netrin-1 in murine remnant livers after partial hepatectomy (PHx) was evaluated in initial studies. C57BL/6 mice that received exogenous netrin-1 after PHx were used to examine liver regeneration. PHx was performed in wild-type mice after adeno-associated virus injection (Ntn1 gene silencing) to detect the impact of endogenous netrin-1. After PHx and hepatic branch vagotomy (HV), the mice were injected with or without netrin-1 to evaluate the effects on hepatic regeneration and vagal nerve recovery. Significant reductions in netrin-1 at the transcript and protein levels in murine liver tissue after hepatectomy were observed. Subsequent studies of netrin-1 administration revealed the promotion of hepatocyte proliferation and specific growth factors contributing to liver repair and a decrease in hepatic-specific injury enzymes. Furthermore, the opposite results were observed in the netrin-1 knockdown group. HV delayed liver regeneration after PHx. However, this retardation was reversed by exogenous netrin-1 supplementation. In addition, the results of nerve growth and vagal nerve repair in the remnant liver suggested that netrin-1 promoted vagal nerve regeneration after hepatectomy. Netrin-1 accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice, and the potential mechanism is related to the promotion of vagus nerve repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China; Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China; Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China; Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China
| | - Yanshi Liu
- Department of Micro-repair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Guodong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, PR China; Hepatobiliary and Hydatid Disease Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
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11
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Yan Z, Chen C, Rosso G, Qian Y, Fan C. Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Engineering: Recent Advances and Potential Mechanisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:746074. [PMID: 34820361 PMCID: PMC8606639 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.746074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve tissues possess the ability to regenerate within artificial nerve scaffolds, however, despite the advance of biomaterials that support nerve regeneration, the functional nerve recovery remains unsatisfactory. Importantly, the incorporation of two-dimensional nanomaterials has shown to significantly improve the therapeutic effect of conventional nerve scaffolds. In this review, we examine whether two-dimensional nanomaterials facilitate angiogenesis and thereby promote peripheral nerve regeneration. First, we summarize the major events occurring after peripheral nerve injury. Second, we discuss that the application of two-dimensional nanomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration strategies by facilitating the formation of new vessels. Then, we analyze the mechanism that the newly-formed capillaries directionally and metabolically support neuronal regeneration. Finally, we prospect that the two-dimensional nanomaterials should be a potential solution to long range peripheral nerve defect. To further enhance the therapeutic effects of two-dimensional nanomaterial, strategies which help remedy the energy deficiency after peripheral nerve injury could be a viable solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Poitras TM, Munchrath E, Zochodne DW. Neurobiological Opportunities in Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2303-2323. [PMID: 34935118 PMCID: PMC8804062 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights a selection of potential translational directions for the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) currently irreversible and without approved interventions beyond pain management. The list does not include all diabetic targets that have been generated over several decades of research but focuses on newer work. The emphasis is firstly on approaches that support the viability and growth of peripheral neurons and their ability to withstand a barrage of diabetic alterations. We include a section describing Schwann cell targets and finally how mitochondrial damage has been a common element in discussing neuropathic damage. Most of the molecules and pathways described here have not yet reached clinical trials, but many trials have been negative to date. Nonetheless, these failures clear the pathway for new thoughts over reversing DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Poitras
- Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, 7-132A Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Easton Munchrath
- Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, 7-132A Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, 7-132A Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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13
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Yang H, Li Q, Li L, Chen S, Zhao Y, Hu Y, Wang L, Lan X, Zhong L, Lu D. Gastrodin modified polyurethane conduit promotes nerve repair via optimizing Schwann cells function. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:355-367. [PMID: 34541406 PMCID: PMC8427216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery remain a major clinical challenge. Nerve guidance conduit (NGC) that can regulate biological behavior of Schwann cells (SCs) and facilitate axonal regeneration through microenvironmental remodeling is beneficial for nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Gastrodin, a main constituent of a Chinese traditional herbal medicine, has been known to display several biological and pharmacological properties, especially antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory and nerve regeneration. Herein, polyurethane (PU) NGCs modified by different weight ratio of Gastrodin (0, 1 and 5 wt%) were designed for sequential and sustainable drug release, that created a favorable microenvironment for nerve regeneration. The scaffold showed suitable pore structure and biocompatibility in vitro, and evidently promoted morphological and functional recovery of regenerated sciatic nerves in vivo. Compared to the PU and 1%Gastrodin/PU scaffolds, the 5%Gastrodin/PU significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration and myelination of SCs and up-regulated expression of neurotrophic factors, as well as induction of the differentiation of PC12 cells. Interestingly, the obvious anti-inflammatory response was observed in 5%Gastrodin/PU by reduced expression of TNF-α and iNOS, which also evidenced by the few fibrous capsule formation in the subcutaneous implantation. Such a construct presented a similarity to autograft in vivo repairing a 10 mm sciatic nerve defects. It was able to not only boost the regenerated area of nerve and microvascular network, but also facilitate functional axons growth and remyelination, leading to highly improved functional restoration. These findings demonstrate that the 5%Gastrodin/PU NGC efficiently promotes nerve regeneration, indicating their potential for use in peripheral nerve regeneration applications. NGC with a sustained release of Gastrodin creates a favorable microenvironment. . Gastrodin/PU has superior anti-inflammatory effects. SCs-mediated tissue engineering strategies effectively drive myelination. 5Gastrodin/PU boosts nerve regeneration and functional restoration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qing Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Limei Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shaochun Chen
- The School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yingrui Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Di Lu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
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14
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Chen JTC, Schmidt L, Schürger C, Hankir MK, Krug SM, Rittner HL. Netrin-1 as a Multitarget Barrier Stabilizer in the Peripheral Nerve after Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810090. [PMID: 34576252 PMCID: PMC8466625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–nerve barrier and myelin barrier normally shield peripheral nerves from potentially harmful insults. They are broken down during nerve injury, which contributes to neuronal damage. Netrin-1 is a neuronal guidance protein with various established functions in the peripheral and central nervous systems; however, its role in regulating barrier integrity and pain processing after nerve injury is poorly understood. Here, we show that chronic constriction injury (CCI) in Wistar rats reduced netrin-1 protein and the netrin-1 receptor neogenin-1 (Neo1) in the sciatic nerve. Replacement of netrin-1 via systemic or local administration of the recombinant protein rescued injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity. This was prevented by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Neo1 in the sciatic nerve. Mechanistically, netrin-1 restored endothelial and myelin, but not perineural, barrier function as measured by fluorescent dye or fibrinogen penetration. Netrin-1 also reversed the decline in the tight junction proteins claudin-5 and claudin-19 in the sciatic nerve caused by CCI. Our findings emphasize the role of the endothelial and myelin barriers in pain processing after nerve damage and reveal that exogenous netrin-1 restores their function to mitigate CCI-induced hypersensitivity via Neo1. The netrin-1-neogenin-1 signaling pathway may thus represent a multi-target barrier protector for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Tsung-Chieh Chen
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.-C.C.); (L.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Lea Schmidt
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.-C.C.); (L.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Christina Schürger
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.-C.C.); (L.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Mohammed K. Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Susanne M. Krug
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heike L. Rittner
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.-C.C.); (L.S.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-201-30251
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15
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Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158344. [PMID: 34361110 PMCID: PMC8347220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During neuronal development and regeneration axons extend a cytoskeletal-rich structure known as the growth cone, which detects and integrates signals to reach its final destination. The guidance cues “signals” bind their receptors, activating signaling cascades that result in the regulation of the growth cone cytoskeleton, defining growth cone advance, pausing, turning, or collapse. Even though much is known about guidance cues and their isolated mechanisms during nervous system development, there is still a gap in the understanding of the crosstalk between them, and about what happens after nervous system injuries. After neuronal injuries in mammals, only axons in the peripheral nervous system are able to regenerate, while the ones from the central nervous system fail to do so. Therefore, untangling the guidance cues mechanisms, as well as their behavior and characterization after axotomy and regeneration, are of special interest for understanding and treating neuronal injuries. In this review, we present findings on growth cone guidance and canonical guidance cues mechanisms, followed by a description and comparison of growth cone pathfinding mechanisms after axotomy, in regenerative and non-regenerative animal models.
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16
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Surgical Angiogenesis of Decellularized Nerve Allografts Improves Early Functional Recovery in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Defect Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 148:561-570. [PMID: 34292916 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical angiogenesis applied to nerve grafts has been suggested to enhance nerve regeneration after nerve injury. The authors hypothesized that surgical angiogenesis to decellularized nerve allografts would improve functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model. METHODS Sixty Lewis rats were divided in three groups of 20 animals each. Unilateral sciatic nerve defects were repaired with (1) autografts, (2) decellularized allografts, and (3) decellularized allografts wrapped with a superficial inferior epigastric artery fascial flap to add surgical angiogenesis. Twelve and 16 weeks after surgery, nerve regeneration was assessed using functional, electrophysiologic, histologic, and immunofluorescence analyses. Ultrasonography was used during the survival period to noninvasively evaluate muscle atrophy and reinnervation by measuring cross-sectional muscle area. RESULTS Surgical angiogenesis of allografts demonstrated significantly improved isometric tetanic force recovery at 12 weeks, compared to allograft alone, which normalized between groups at 16 weeks. Cross-sectional muscle areas showed no differences between groups. Electrophysiology showed superiority of autografts at both time points. No differences were found in histologic analysis, besides a significantly inferior N ratio in allografts at 12 weeks. Immunofluorescent expression of CD34, indicating vascularity, was significantly enhanced in the superficial inferior epigastric artery fascial group compared to allografts at 12 weeks, with highest expression at 16 weeks compared to all groups. CONCLUSION Surgical angiogenesis with an adipofascial flap to the nerve allograft increases vascularity in the nerve graft, with subsequent improvement of early muscle force recovery, comparable to autografts.
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17
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Komirishetty P, Zubkow K, Areti A, Ong H, Zochodne DW. Delayed manipulation of regeneration within injured peripheral axons. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 155:105383. [PMID: 33945876 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While several new translational strategies to enhance regrowth of peripheral axons have been identified, combined approaches with different targets are rare. Moreover, few have been studied after a significant delay when growth programs are already well established and regeneration-related protein expression has waned. Here we study two approaches, Rb1 (Retinoblastoma 1) knockdown that targets overall neuron plasticity, and near nerve insulin acting as a growth factor. Both are validated to boost regrowth only at the outset of regeneration. We show that local delivery of Rb1 siRNA alone, with electroporation to an area of prior sciatic nerve injury generated knockdown of Rb1 mRNA in ipsilateral lumbar dorsal root ganglia. While mice treated with Rb1-targeted siRNA, compared with scrambled control siRNA, starting 2 weeks after the onset of regeneration, had only limited behavioural or electrophysiological benefits, they had enhanced reinnervation of epidermal axons. We next confirmed that intrinsic Rb1 knockdown combined with exogenous insulin had dramatic synergistic impacts on the growth patterns of adult sensory neurons studied in vitro, prompting analysis of a combined approach in vivo. Using an identical delayed post-injury protocol, we noted that added insulin not only augmented epidermal reinnervation rendered by Rb1 knockdown alone but also improved indices of mechanical sensation and motor axon recovery. The findings illustrate that peripheral neurons that are well into attempted regrowth retain their responsiveness to both intrinsic and exogenous approaches that improve their recovery. We also identify a novel local approach to manipulate gene expression and outcome in regrowing axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Komirishetty
- Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - K Zubkow
- Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - A Areti
- Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - H Ong
- Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - D W Zochodne
- Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Canada.
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18
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Chen JY, Huang Z, Xiao PY, Yu J, Liao SJ. Local uncoordinated gene 5H2 contributes to nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia associated to its role in autophagy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:361-369. [PMID: 33124058 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lesions of the peripheral nerves can lead to lifelong neuropathic pain (NP). Autophagic deficiency in the Schwann cells (SCs) is an early event in the origin of NP chronification. Uncoordinated gene 5H2 (UNC5H2), one of the repulsive netrin receptors, mediated the effect of netrin-1 on autophagic activation and cell survival in endothelial cells. However, its role on autophagy regulation in peripheral nerves during NP process remains unidentified. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the left sciatic nerve was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats, and UNC5H2 small interfering RNA was transfected to the ipsilateral sciatic nerve immediately after injury. Mechanical allodynia was assessed. Sciatic UNC5H2 and netrin-1 protein levels were investigated. Autophagy in the ipsilateral sciatic nerves was evaluated by detecting punctate light chain 3(LC3) and autophagosomes, as well as the levels of LC3 II, p62 and phosphorylated UNC51-like kinase (ULK1). After CCI, UNC5H2 of the sciatic nerves was upregulated, exclusively expressed in SCs. Small interfering RNA transfection resulted in significant decrease of UNC5H2 and netrin-1 protein, leading to exaggeration of mechanical allodynia through 14 days after CCI. Autophagy was activated but autophagic influx was interfered within a week after CCI, shown by the elevated levels of both LC3II and p62, which was further deteriorated with UNC5H2 knockdown. In addition, the injury-induced augmentation of phosphorylated ULK1 was significantly diminished by UNC5H2 knockdown. Altogether, the results suggest that local UNC5H2 of the peripheral nerve plays a significant role in the process of injury-induced mechanical allodynia, probably associated to its contribution to autophagic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Jie Liao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Zhang RC, Du WQ, Zhang JY, Yu SX, Lu FZ, Ding HM, Cheng YB, Ren C, Geng DQ. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment for peripheral nerve injury: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2170-2176. [PMID: 33818489 PMCID: PMC8354135 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries occur as the result of sudden trauma and lead to reduced quality of life. The peripheral nervous system has an inherent capability to regenerate axons. However, peripheral nerve regeneration following injury is generally slow and incomplete that results in poor functional outcomes such as muscle atrophy. Although conventional surgical procedures for peripheral nerve injuries present many benefits, there are still several limitations including scarring, difficult accessibility to donor nerve, neuroma formation and a need to sacrifice the autologous nerve. For many years, other therapeutic approaches for peripheral nerve injuries have been explored, the most notable being the replacement of Schwann cells, the glial cells responsible for clearing out debris from the site of injury. Introducing cultured Schwann cells to the injured sites showed great benefits in promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery. However, there are limited sources of Schwann cells for extraction and difficulties in culturing Schwann cells in vitro. Therefore, novel therapeutic avenues that offer maximum benefits for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries should be investigated. This review focused on strategies using mesenchymal stem cells to promote peripheral nerve regeneration including exosomes of mesenchymal stem cells, nerve engineering using the nerve guidance conduits containing mesenchymal stem cells, and genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells. We present the current progress of mesenchymal stem cell treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Du
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shao-Xia Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang-Zhi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ding
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Bo Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - De-Qin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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20
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Ding S, Guo X, Zhu L, Wang J, Li T, Yu Q, Zhang X. Macrophage-derived netrin-1 contributes to endometriosis-associated pain. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:29. [PMID: 33553322 PMCID: PMC7859736 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Endometriosis-associated pain can be considered a type of neuropathic pain. Netrin-1 is an axon guidance cue that regulates axonal attraction or rejection in neural injury and regeneration. However, whether netrin-1 plays a role in endometriosis-associated pain remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of netrin-1 in endometriosis-related pain. Methods Peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid, and endometrial tissues were sampled from women with (n=37) and without endometriosis (n=23). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were used to stimulate human monocytic cell lines (THP-1) and rat alveolar macrophage-derived cell lines (NR8383) to induce M1 phenotype macrophages. Serum netrin-1 concentrations, endometrial expression levels of netrin-1, and its receptors including deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR), uncoordinated B receptor (UNC5B), uncoordinated C receptor (UNC5C) and Down’s syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) were assessed. The polarization phenotypes of the peritoneal macrophages were identified by detecting the marker expression of M1/M2 macrophages via flow cytometry. The expression levels of M1 markers and netrin-1 in THP-1/NR8383 cells were determined. Results The expression levels of netrin-1 in serum and endometriotic lesions were significantly higher in women with endometriosis, and were positively correlated with the severity of endometriosis-associated pain. Netrin-1 was co-expressed with CD68 (a macrophage marker) in endometriotic lesions and was synthesized and secreted by THP-1 and NR8383 cells in the process of M1 polarization. In women with endometriosis, peritoneal macrophages were polarized towards the M1 phenotype. In addition, increased expression of DCC and A2BAR, and decreased expression of UNC5B, UNC5C and DSCAM were found in endometriotic lesions. Conclusions These results suggest that netrin-1 production by macrophages in endometriotic lesions may play an important role in endometriosis-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Min Q, Parkinson DB, Dun XP. Migrating Schwann cells direct axon regeneration within the peripheral nerve bridge. Glia 2020; 69:235-254. [PMID: 32697392 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells within the peripheral nervous system possess a remarkable regenerative potential. Current research shows that peripheral nerve-associated Schwann cells possess the capacity to promote repair of multiple tissues including peripheral nerve gap bridging, skin wound healing, digit tip repair as well as tooth regeneration. One of the key features of the specialized repair Schwann cells is that they become highly motile. They not only migrate into the area of damaged tissue and become a key component of regenerating tissue but also secrete signaling molecules to attract macrophages, support neuronal survival, promote axonal regrowth, activate local mesenchymal stem cells, and interact with other cell types. Currently, the importance of migratory Schwann cells in tissue regeneration is most evident in the case of a peripheral nerve transection injury. Following nerve transection, Schwann cells from both proximal and distal nerve stumps migrate into the nerve bridge and form Schwann cell cords to guide axon regeneration. The formation of Schwann cell cords in the nerve bridge is key to successful peripheral nerve repair following transection injury. In this review, we first examine nerve bridge formation and the behavior of Schwann cell migration in the nerve bridge, and then discuss how migrating Schwann cells direct regenerating axons into the distal nerve. We also review the current understanding of signals that could activate Schwann cell migration and signals that Schwann cells utilize to direct axon regeneration. Understanding the molecular mechanism of Schwann cell migration could potentially offer new therapeutic strategies for peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Min
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - David B Parkinson
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK
- The Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Yang S, Wang C, Zhu J, Lu C, Li H, Chen F, Lu J, Zhang Z, Yan X, Zhao H, Sun X, Zhao L, Liang J, Wang Y, Peng J, Wang X. Self-assembling peptide hydrogels functionalized with LN- and BDNF- mimicking epitopes synergistically enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Theranostics 2020; 10:8227-8249. [PMID: 32724468 PMCID: PMC7381722 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system is closely related to the role that Schwann cells (SCs) play in construction of the basement membrane containing multiple extracellular matrix proteins and secretion of neurotrophic factors, including laminin (LN) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we developed a self-assembling peptide (SAP) nanofiber hydrogel based on self-assembling backbone Ac-(RADA)4-NH2 (RAD) dual-functionalized with laminin-derived motif IKVAV (IKV) and a BDNF-mimetic peptide epitope RGIDKRHWNSQ (RGI) for peripheral nerve regeneration, with the hydrogel providing a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment for SCs and neurites. Methods: Circular dichroism (CD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the secondary structures, microscopic structures, and morphologies of self-assembling nanofiber hydrogels. Then the SC adhesion, myelination and neurotrophin secretion were evaluated on the hydrogels. Finally, the SAP hydrogels were injected into hollow chitosan tubes to bridge a 10-mm-long sciatic nerve defect in rats, and in vivo gene expression at 1 week, axonal regeneration, target muscular re-innervation, and functional recovery at 12 weeks were assessed. Results: The bioactive peptide motifs were covalently linked to the C-terminal of the self-assembling peptide and the functionalized peptides could form well-defined nanofibrous hydrogels capable of providing a 3D microenvironment similar to native extracellular matrix. SCs displayed improved cell adhesion on hydrogels with both IKV and RGI, accompanied by increased cell spreading and elongation relative to other groups. RSCs cultured on hydrogels with IKV and RGI showed enhanced gene expression of NGF, BDNF, CNTF, PMP22 and NRP2, and decreased gene expression of NCAM compared with those cultured on other three groups after a 7-day incubation. Additionally, the secretion of NGF, BDNF, and CNTF of RSCs was significantly improved on dual-functionalized peptide hydrogels after 3 days. At 1 week after implantation, the expressions of neurotrophin and myelin-related genes in the nerve grafts in SAP and Autograft groups were higher than that in Hollow group, and the expression of S100 in groups containing both IKV and RGI was significantly higher than that in groups containing either IKV or RGI hydrogels, suggesting enhanced SC proliferation. The morphometric parameters of the regenerated nerves, their electrophysiological performance, the innervated muscle weight and remodeling of muscle fibers, and motor function showed that RAD/IKV/RGI and RAD/IKV-GG-RGI hydrogels could markedly improve axonal regeneration with enhanced re-myelination and motor functional recovery through the synergetic effect of IKV and RGI functional motifs. Conclusions: We found that the dual-functionalized SAP hydrogels promoted RSC adhesion, myelination, and neurotrophin secretion in vitro and successfully bridged a 10-mm gap representing a sciatic nerve defect in rats in vivo. The results demonstrated the synergistic effect of IKVAV and RGI on axonal regrowth and function recovery after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Changfeng Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Fuyu Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, No. 406 Jiefang Nan Road, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226007, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Ning XJ, Lu XH, Luo JC, Chen C, Gao Q, Li ZY, Wang H. Molecular mechanism of microRNA-21 promoting Schwann cell proliferation and axon regeneration during injured nerve repair. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1508-1519. [PMID: 32507001 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1777767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the functional recovery after nerve injury is not satisfactory in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of miR-21 promoting Schwann cells (SC) proliferation and axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, providing a theoretical basis for injured nerve repair. Nerve injury models were constructed to determine the expression of miR-21 in the injured nerve by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). After miR-21 over-expression SC (mimic-miR-21) group, control SC (control-miR-21) group and blank SC (RSC96) group were constructed, SC proliferation was determined by CCK-8, cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry, dorsal root ganglion neuron (DRGn) axon regeneration was observed after DRGn was cultured with SCs for 7 days, the expressions of TGFβI, TIMP3, EPHA4 as well as apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot in the three groups, respectively. Target genes were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The expressions of TGFβI, TIMP3 and EPHA4 were assessed by immunofluorescence in vivo. qRT-PCR indicated that miR-21 expression was significantly higher in the model group than in the sham operation and blank groups. SC proliferation index (PI) was significantly higher, the apoptosis rate was significantly lower, the axon was significantly longer, and mRNA and protein expressions of TGFβI, TIMP3, EPHA4 as well as apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3 and caspase-9 were significantly lower in the mimic-miR-21 group than in the control-miR-21 and RSC96 groups. The double luciferase assay confirmed that TGFβI, TIMP3 and EPHA4 were potential target genes of miR-21. In vivo immunofluorescence also indicated that expressions of TGFβI, TIMP3, EPHA4 were lower in the mimic-miR-21 group than in the control-miR-21 and RSC96 groups. We conclude that during injured peripheral nerve repair, miRNA-21 plays an important role in promoting SC proliferation and axon regeneration by regulating TGFβI, TIMP3 and EPHA4 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hua Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
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24
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Guo X, Ding S, Li T, Wang J, Yu Q, Zhu L, Xu X, Zou G, Peng Y, Zhang X. Macrophage-derived netrin-1 is critical for neuroangiogenesis in endometriosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:226-237. [PMID: 31953174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Netrin-1 is an extracellular guidance cue of neuronal navigation, mediated through interaction with its main receptors, and is known to be crucial in the development of multiple chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the expression pattern and mechanism of netrin-1 in endometriosis are currently undefined. Here we report that netrin-1 expression peaked in peritoneal macrophages found in endometriosis. Netrin-1 induced angiogenesis in ovarian endometriomas through interaction with CD146 in vascular endothelial cells. Through another receptor, neogenin, netrin-1 promoted neurite growth and sensitization in endometriosis through the up-regulation of MAP4, TAU, and CGRP. Targeted knockdown of neogenin in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nerve cells compromised its response to netrin-1 through inhibiting phosphorylation of ERK1/2. The inhibition of netrin-1 using a neutralizing antibody reduced vascular and nerve infiltration in rat endometriotic lesions. In summary, our results suggest that netrin-1 is an important factor that promotes neuroangiogenesis in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Guo
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shaojie Ding
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tiantian Li
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qin Yu
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Libo Zhu
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Gen Zou
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yangying Peng
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, PR China..
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25
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Dun XP, Parkinson DB. Classic axon guidance molecules control correct nerve bridge tissue formation and precise axon regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:6-9. [PMID: 31535634 PMCID: PMC6862410 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.264441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system has an astonishing ability to regenerate following a compression or crush injury; however, the potential for full repair following a transection injury is much less. Currently, the major clinical challenge for peripheral nerve repair come from long gaps between the proximal and distal nerve stumps, which prevent regenerating axons reaching the distal nerve. Precise axon targeting during nervous system development is controlled by families of axon guidance molecules including Netrins, Slits, Ephrins and Semaphorins. Several recent studies have indicated key roles of Netrin1, Slit3 and EphrinB2 signalling in controlling the formation of new nerve bridge tissue and precise axon regeneration after peripheral nerve transection injury. Inside the nerve bridge, nerve fibroblasts express EphrinB2 while migrating Schwann cells express the receptor EphB2. EphrinB2/EphB2 signalling between nerve fibroblasts and migrating Schwann cells is required for Sox2 upregulation in Schwann cells and the formation of Schwann cell cords within the nerve bridge to allow directional axon growth to the distal nerve stump. Macrophages in the outermost layer of the nerve bridge express Slit3 while migrating Schwann cells and regenerating axons express the receptor Robo1; within Schwann cells, Robo1 expression is also Sox2-dependent. Slit3/Robo1 signalling is required to keep migrating Schwann cells and regenerating axons inside the nerve bridge. In addition to the Slit3/Robo1 signalling system, migrating Schwann cells also express Netrin1 and regenerating axons express the DCC receptor. It appears that migrating Schwann cells could also use Netrin1 as a guidance cue to direct regenerating axons across the peripheral nerve gap. Engineered neural tissues have been suggested as promising alternatives for the repair of large peripheral nerve gaps. Therefore, understanding the function of classic axon guidance molecules in nerve bridge formation and their roles in axon regeneration could be highly beneficial in developing engineered neural tissue for more effective peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Peng Dun
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK; The Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, China
| | - David B Parkinson
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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26
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Silva VM, Gomes JA, Tenório LPG, de Omena Neta GC, da Costa Paixão K, Duarte AKF, da Silva GCB, Ferreira RJS, Koike BDV, de Sales Marques C, da Silva Miguel RD, de Queiroz AC, Pereira LX, de Carvalho Fraga CA. Schwann cell reprogramming and lung cancer progression: a meta-analysis of transcriptome data. Oncotarget 2019; 10:7288-7307. [PMID: 31921388 PMCID: PMC6944448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells were identified in the tumor surrounding area prior to initiate the invasion process underlying connective tissue. These cells promote cancer invasion through direct contact, while paracrine signaling and matrix remodeling are not sufficient to proceed. Considering the intertwined structure of signaling, regulatory, and metabolic processes within a cell, we employed a genome-scale biomolecular network. Accordingly, a meta-analysis of Schwann cells associated transcriptomic datasets was performed, and the core information on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was obtained by statistical analyses. Gene set over-representation analyses was performed on core DEGs to identify significantly functional and pathway enrichment analysis between Schwann cells and, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). DEGs were further integrated with genome-scale human biomolecular networks. miRNAs were proposed by the reconstruction of a transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory network. Moreover, microarray-based transcriptome profiling was performed, and the prognostic power of selected dedifferentiated Schwann cell biomolecules was predicted. We observed that pathways associated with Schwann cells dedifferentiation was overexpressed in lung cancer samples. However, genes associated with Schwann cells migration inhibition system were downregulated. Besides, miRNA targeting those pathways were also deregulated. In this study, we report valuable data for further experimental and clinical analysis, because the proposed biomolecules have significant potential as systems biomarkers for screening or for therapeutic purposes in perineural invasion of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Alves Gomes
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruna Del Vechio Koike
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of the São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Brazil
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27
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Chen B, Chen Q, Parkinson DB, Dun XP. Analysis of Schwann Cell Migration and Axon Regeneration Following Nerve Injury in the Sciatic Nerve Bridge. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:308. [PMID: 31920539 PMCID: PMC6914761 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is proposed that interaction between Schwann cells and axons is key for successful nerve regeneration, the behavior of Schwann cells migrating into a nerve gap following a transection injury and how migrating Schwann cells interact with regenerating axons within the nerve bridge has not been studied in detail. In this study, we combine the use of our whole-mount sciatic nerve staining with the use of a proteolipid protein-green fluorescent protein (PLP-GFP) mouse model to mark Schwann cells and have examined the behavior of migrating Schwann cells and regenerating axons in the sciatic nerve gap following a nerve transection injury. We show here that Schwann cell migration from both nerve stumps starts later than the regrowth of axons from the proximal nerve stump. The first migrating Schwann cells are only observed 4 days following mouse sciatic nerve transection injury. Schwann cells migrating from the proximal nerve stump overtake regenerating axons on day 5 and form Schwann cell cords within the nerve bridge by 7 days post-transection injury. Regenerating axons begin to attach to migrating Schwann cells on day 6 and then follow their trajectory navigating across the nerve gap. We also observe that Schwann cell cords in the nerve bridge are not wide enough to guide all the regenerating axons across the nerve bridge, resulting in regenerating axons growing along the outside of both proximal and distal nerve stumps. From this analysis, we demonstrate that Schwann cells play a crucial role in controlling the directionality and speed of axon regeneration across the nerve gap. We also demonstrate that the use of the PLP-GFP mouse model labeling Schwann cells together with the whole sciatic nerve axon staining technique is a useful research model to study the process of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - David B Parkinson
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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28
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Krishnan A, Bhavanam S, Zochodne D. An Intimate Role for Adult Dorsal Root Ganglia Resident Cycling Cells in the Generation of Local Macrophages and Satellite Glial Cells. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:929-941. [PMID: 30169768 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate interactions between neurons, glial, and inflammatory cells within peripheral ganglia are physiologically important, but not well explored. Here, we show that adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain populations of self-renewing cells, collectively referred as DRG resident cycling cells (DRCCs), that are active not only in "quiescent" ganglia but also accelerate their turnover in response to distal axotomy. An unexpected proportion of DRCCs were resident macrophages. These cells closely accompanied, and aligned with recycling satellite glial cells (SGCs) that were juxtaposed to sensory neurons and possessed stem cell-like properties. Selective inhibition of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor prevented the local proliferation of macrophages. Interestingly, DRCC turnover was accompanied by apoptosis at later intervals indicating a balanced cellular milieu in the DRGs. These findings identify a complex interactive multicellular DRG microenvironment supporting self-renewal of both macrophages and SGCs and its potential implications in the overall response of adult DRGs to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine.,Alberta Diabetes Institute
| | - Sudha Bhavanam
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas Zochodne
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine.,Alberta Diabetes Institute
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29
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Reduced gene expression of netrin family members in skin and sural nerve specimens of patients with painful peripheral neuropathies. J Neurol 2019; 266:2812-2820. [PMID: 31392393 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of axon guidance cues in skin and sural nerve biopsies of patients with polyneuropathies (PNP) as potential markers of nerve de- and regeneration and inflammation. METHODS We prospectively recruited 88 patients with PNP and compared data between patient subgroups and healthy controls. All patients underwent skin punch and/or sural nerve biopsy at the lower leg and proximal thigh. We characterized gene expression profiles of netrin family members as target genes involved in neuronal de- and regeneration [netrin 1, deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), uncoordinated5H2, neogenin 1 (NEO1), netrin G1, netrin G2] using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Gene expression of netrin 1 (p < 0.05 in proximal skin), DCC (p < 0.001 in distal skin), NEO1 (p < 0.05 in distal skin), netrin G1 (p < 0.05 in proximal and p < 0.01 in distal skin), and netrin G2 (p < 0.001 in distal skin) was lower in skin biopsies of patients with neuropathy compared to healthy controls. Gene expression of NEO1 (p < 0.05 in distal skin), netrin G2 (p < 0.05 in distal skin), and DCC (p < 0.05 in sural nerve) was lower in samples of patients with painful compared to painless PNP and also correlated positively with intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Skin and sural nerve gene expression of the investigated target genes did not differ between neuropathies of different etiologies. CONCLUSION We show reduced cutaneous and neural axon guide expression, which may contribute to a dysregulation of nerve fiber de- and regeneration.
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30
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Sliow A, Ma Z, Gargiulo G, Mahns D, Mawad D, Breen P, Stoodley M, Houang J, Kuchel R, Tettamanzi GC, Tilley RD, Frost SJ, Morley J, Longo L, Lauto A. Stimulation and Repair of Peripheral Nerves Using Bioadhesive Graft-Antenna. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801212. [PMID: 31179205 PMCID: PMC6548953 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An original wireless stimulator for peripheral nerves based on a metal loop (diameter ≈1 mm) that is powered by a transcranial magnetic stimulator (TMS) and does not require circuitry components is reported. The loop can be integrated in a chitosan scaffold that functions as a graft when applied onto transected nerves (graft-antenna). The graft-antenna is bonded to rat sciatic nerves by a laser without sutures; it does not migrate after implantation and is able to trigger steady compound muscle action potentials for 12 weeks (CMAP ≈1.3 mV). Eight weeks postoperatively, axon regeneration is facilitated in transected nerves that are repaired with the graft-antenna and stimulated by the TMS for 1 h per week. The graft-antenna is an innovative and minimally-invasive device that functions concurrently as a wireless stimulator and adhesive scaffold for nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashour Sliow
- School of Science and HealthWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Zhi Ma
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Gaetano Gargiulo
- Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research GroupMARCS InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - David Mahns
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Paul Breen
- Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research GroupMARCS InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Marcus Stoodley
- The Australian School of Advanced MedicineMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | - Jessica Houang
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Rhiannon Kuchel
- Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Giuseppe C. Tettamanzi
- School of Physical Sciences and Institute for Photonics and Advanced SensingUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA5005Australia
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Samuel J. Frost
- School of Science and HealthWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - John Morley
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Leonardo Longo
- Faculty of Human SciencesUniversity of the Republic of San MarinoContrada Omerelli47890Republic of San Marino
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science and HealthWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research GroupMARCS InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
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31
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Duraikannu A, Krishnan A, Chandrasekhar A, Zochodne DW. Beyond Trophic Factors: Exploiting the Intrinsic Regenerative Properties of Adult Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:128. [PMID: 31024258 PMCID: PMC6460947 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries and diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are common but frequently irreversible. It is often but mistakenly assumed that peripheral neuron regeneration is robust without a need to be improved or supported. However, axonal lesions, especially those involving proximal nerves rarely recover fully and injuries generally are complicated by slow and incomplete regeneration. Strategies to enhance the intrinsic growth properties of reluctant adult neurons offer an alternative approach to consider during regeneration. Since axons rarely regrow without an intimately partnered Schwann cell (SC), approaches to enhance SC plasticity carry along benefits to their axon partners. Direct targeting of molecules that inhibit growth cone plasticity can inform important regenerative strategies. A newer approach, a focus of our laboratory, exploits tumor suppressor molecules that normally dampen unconstrained growth. However several are also prominently expressed in stable adult neurons. During regeneration their ongoing expression “brakes” growth, whereas their inhibition and knockdown may enhance regrowth. Examples have included phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), a tumor suppressor that inhibits PI3K/pAkt signaling, Rb1, the protein involved in retinoblastoma development, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a tumor suppressor that inhibits β-Catenin transcriptional signaling and its translocation to the nucleus. The identification of several new targets to manipulate the plasticity of regenerating adult peripheral neurons is exciting. How they fit with canonical regeneration strategies and their feasibility require additional work. Newer forms of nonviral siRNA delivery may be approaches for molecular manipulation to improve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Duraikannu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ambika Chandrasekhar
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Gastaldi M, De Rosa A, Maestri M, Zardini E, Scaranzin S, Guida M, Borrelli P, Ferraro OE, Lampasona V, Furlan R, Irani SR, Waters P, Lang B, Vincent A, Marchioni E, Ricciardi R, Franciotta D. Acquired neuromyotonia in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis: a clinical and serological study. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:992-999. [PMID: 30714278 PMCID: PMC6593867 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Acquired neuromyotonia can occur in patients with thymoma, alone or in association with myasthenia gravis (MG), but the clinical prognostic significance of such comorbidity is largely unknown. The clinico‐pathological features were investigated along with the occurrence of neuromyotonia as predictors of tumour recurrence in patients with thymoma‐associated myasthenia. Methods A total number of 268 patients with thymomatous MG were studied retrospectively. Patients with symptoms of spontaneous muscle overactivity were selected for autoantibody testing using immunohistology for neuronal cell‐surface proteins and cell‐based assays for contactin‐associated protein 2 (CASPR2), leucine‐rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), glycine receptor and Netrin‐1 receptor antibodies. Neuromyotonia was diagnosed according to the presence of typical electromyography abnormalities and/or autoantibodies against LGI1/CASPR2. Results Overall, 33/268 (12%) MG patients had a thymoma recurrence. Five/268 (2%) had neuromyotonia, four with typical autoantibodies, including LGI1 (n = 1), CASPR2 (n = 1) or both (n = 2). Three patients had Netrin‐1 receptor antibodies, two with neuromyotonia and concomitant CASPR2+LGI1 antibodies and one with spontaneous muscle overactivity without electromyography evidence of neuromyotonia. Thymoma recurrence was more frequent in those with (4/5, 80%) than in those without (28/263, 10%, P < 0.001) neuromyotonia. Neuromyotonia preceded the recurrence in 4/5 patients. In univariate analysis, predictors of thymoma recurrence were age at thymectomy [odds ratio (OR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–0.97], Masaoka stage ≥IIb (OR 10.73, 95% CI 2.38–48.36) and neuromyotonia (OR 41.78, 95% CI 4.71–370.58). Conclusions De novo occurrence of neuromyotonia in MG patients with previous thymomas is a rare event and may herald tumour recurrence. Neuronal autoantibodies can be helpful to assess the diagnosis. These observations provide pragmatic risk stratification for tumour vigilance in patients with thymomatous MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gastaldi
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - A De Rosa
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Maestri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Zardini
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Scaranzin
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Guida
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Borrelli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - O E Ferraro
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Lampasona
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Genomic Unit for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - R Furlan
- Division of Neuroscience, INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P Waters
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B Lang
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Marchioni
- Neuroncology and Neuroinflammation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Ricciardi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Franciotta
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Ko SY, Price JT, Blatch GL, Nurgali K. Netrin-1-like-immunoreactivity Coexpresses With DCC and Has a Differential Level in the Myenteric Cholinergic and Nitrergic Neurons of the Adult Mouse Colon. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 67:335-349. [PMID: 30576266 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418819821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 is a potent axonal and neuronal guidance cue in the developing nervous system. Netrin-1 functions are mediated by its receptors, such as deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) present on axons and neurons. Localization of DCC and Netrin-1 on various types of enteric neurons and their role in the mature enteric nervous system is unknown. The results of our study revealed that almost all enteric neurons and processes express DCC and Netrin-1 in the adult mice. Netrin-1-like-immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in the cytoplasm of neurons with some showing strong or weak staining. The majority of Netrin-1-like-immunoreactive enteric neurons were choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive. However, ~19% of neurons were strongly Netrin-1-like-positive but ChAT-negative while ~8% of neurons were Netrin-1-like-negative but strongly ChAT-positive. In contrast, almost all nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive enteric neurons displayed strong Netrin-1-like-IR. This differential intensity of Netrin-1 expression in the myenteric neurons might determine major neuronal subtypes regulating intestinal motility, ChAT-IR excitatory, and nNOS-IR inhibitory muscle motor and interneurons. This is the first study demonstrating the localization of DCC and Netrin-1 in the colonic myenteric plexus of the adult mice and their expression level determining two major neuronal subtypes regulating intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh Youn Ko
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John T Price
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Vice Chancellery, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.,Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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34
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Him A, Onger ME, Delibas B. Periferik Sinir Rejenerasyonu ve Kök Hücre Tedavileri. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.31832/smj.404819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Sun Y, Zhang R, Mao X, Zhang M. [Research of acellular xenogeneic nerve combined with adipose-derived stem cells and platelet rich plasma in repair of rabbit facial nerve injury]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:736-744. [PMID: 29905054 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201711079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the early effects of acellular xenogeneic nerve combined with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) in repairing facial nerve injury in rabbits. Methods The bilateral sciatic nerves of 15 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were harvested and decellularized as xenografts. The allogeneic ADSCs were extracted from the neck and back fat pad of healthy adult New Zealand rabbits with a method of digestion by collagenase type Ⅰ and the autologous PRP was prepared by two step centrifugation. The 3rd generation ADSCs with good growth were labelled with CM-Dil living cell stain, and the labelling and fluorescence attenuation of the cells were observed by fluorescence microscope. Another 32 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups and established the left facial nerve defect in length of 1 cm ( n=8). The nerve defects of groups A, B, C, and D were repaired with CM-Dil-ADSCs composite xenogeneic nerve+autologous PRP, CM-Dil-ADSCs composite xenogeneic nerve, xenogeneic nerve, and autologous nerve, respectively. At 1 and 8 weeks after operation, the angle between the upper lip and the median line of the face (angle θ) was measured. At 4 and 8 weeks after operation, the nerve conduction velocity was recorded by electrophysiological examination. At 8 weeks after operation, the CM-Dil-ADSCs at the distal and proximal ends of regenerative nerve graft segment in groups A and B were observed by fluorescence microscopy; after toluidine blue staining, the number of myelinated nerve fibers in regenerated nerve was calculated; the structure of regenerated nerve fibers was observed by transmission electron microscope. Results ADSCs labelled by CM-Dil showed that the labelling rate of cells was more than 90% under fluorescence microscope, and the labelled cells proliferated well, and the fluorescence attenuated slightly after passage. All the animals survived after operation, the incision healed well and no infection occurred. At 1 week after operation, all the animals in each group had different degrees of dysfunction. The angle θ of the left side in groups A, B, C, and D were (53.4±2.5), (54.0±2.6), (53.7±2.4), and (53.0±2.1)°, respectively; showing significant differences when compared with the healthy sides ( P<0.05). At 8 weeks after operation, the angle θ of the left side in groups A, B, C, and D were (61.9±4.7), (56.8±4.2), (54.6±3.8), and (63.8±5.8)°, respectively; showing significant differences when compared with the healthy sides and with the values at 1 week ( P<0.05). Gross observation showed that the integrity and continuity of regenerated nerve in 4 groups were good, and no neuroma and obvious enlargement was found. At 4 and 8 weeks after operation, the electrophysiological examination results showed that the nerve conduction velocity was significantly faster in groups A and D than in groups B and C ( P<0.05), and in group B than in group C ( P<0.05); no significant difference was found between groups A and D ( P>0.05). At 8 weeks after operation, the fluorescence microscopy observation showed a large number of CM-Dil-ADSCs passing through the distal and proximal transplants in group A, and relatively few cells passing in group B. Toluidine blue staining showed that the density of myelinated nerve fibers in groups A and D were significantly higher than those in groups B and C ( P<0.05), and in group B than in group C ( P<0.05); no significant difference was found between groups A and D ( P>0.05). Transmission electron microscope observation showed that the myelinated nerve sheath in group D was large in diameter and thickness in wall. The morphology of myelin sheath in group A was irregular and smaller than that in group D, and there was no significant difference between groups B and C. Conclusion ADSCs can survive as a seed cell in vivo, and can be differentiated into Schwann-like cells under PRP induction. It can achieve better results when combined with acellular xenogeneic nerve to repair peripheral nerve injury in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Sun
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Liaoning, 121000, P.R.China
| | - Rongming Zhang
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Liaoning, 121000,
| | - Xu Mao
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Liaoning, 121000, P.R.China
| | - Mengshu Zhang
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou Liaoning, 121000, P.R.China
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36
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Wang J, Zhai W, Yu Z, Sun L, Li H, Shen H, Li X, Liu C, Chen G. Neuroprotection Exerted by Netrin-1 and Kinesin Motor KIF1A in Secondary Brain Injury following Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 11:432. [PMID: 29375318 PMCID: PMC5768630 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of extracellular netrin-1 to its receptors, deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and uncoordinated gene 5H2 (UNC5H2), inhibits apoptosis mediated by these receptors. A neuron-specific kinesin motor protein, KIF1A, has been shown to participate in netrin-1 secretion. This study aimed to identify the roles of netrin-1 and KIF1A in secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the potential mechanisms. An autologous blood ICH model was established in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, and cultured neurons were exposed to OxyHb to mimic ICH conditions in vitro. Mouse recombinant netrin-1, expression vectors encoding KIF1A, and KIF1A-specific siRNAs were administered intracerebroventricularly. After ICH, protein levels of netrin-1, DCC, and UNC5H2 increased, while protein levels of KIF1A decreased. Levels of UNC5H2 and DCC bound to netrin-1 increased after ICH but were significantly lower than the increase in total amount of protein. Administration of recombinant netrin-1 attenuated neuronal apoptosis and degeneration in ICH rats. Moreover, KIF1A overexpression increased concentrations of netrin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid and cell culture supernatant and exerted neuroprotective effects via netrin-1 and its receptor pathways. KIF1A plays a critical role in netrin-1 secretion by neurons. An increase in protein levels of netrin-1 may be a neuroprotective strategy after ICH. However, this process is almost completely abolished by ICH-induced loss of KIF1A. An exogenous increase of KIF1A may be a potential strategy for neuroprotection via the netrin-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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37
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Senger JLB, Verge VMK, Macandili HSJ, Olson JL, Chan KM, Webber CA. Electrical stimulation as a conditioning strategy for promoting and accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration. Exp Neurol 2017; 302:75-84. [PMID: 29291403 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of a nerve insult (a "conditioning lesion") prior to a subsequent test lesion increases the number of regenerating axons and accelerates the speed of regeneration from the test site. A major barrier to clinical translation is the lack of an ethically acceptable and clinically feasible method of conditioning that does not further damage the nerve. Conditioning electrical stimulation (CES), a non-injurious intervention, has previously been shown to improve neurite outgrowth in vitro. In this study, we examined whether CES upregulates regeneration-associated gene (RAG) expression and promotes nerve regeneration in vivo, similar to a traditional nerve crush conditioning lesion (CCL). Adult rats were divided into four cohorts based on conditioning treatment to the common peroneal (fibular) nerve: i) CES (1h, 20Hz); ii) CCL (10s crush); iii) sham CES (1h, 0Hz); or iv) naïve (unconditioned). Immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR revealed significant RAG upregulation in the dorsal root ganglia of both CES and CCL animals, evident at 3-14days post-conditioning. To mimic a clinical microsurgical nerve repair, all cohorts underwent a common peroneal nerve cut and coaptation one week following conditioning. Both CES and CCL animals increased the length of nerve regeneration (3.8-fold) as well as the total number of regenerating axons (2.2-fold), compared to the sham and naïve-conditioned animals (p<0.001). These data support CES as a non-injurious conditioning paradigm that is comparable to a traditional CCL and is therefore a novel means to potentially enhance peripheral nerve repair in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L B Senger
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - V M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H S J Macandili
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - J L Olson
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - K M Chan
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - C A Webber
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
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38
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Ryan AJ, Lackington WA, Hibbitts AJ, Matheson A, Alekseeva T, Stejskalova A, Roche P, O'Brien FJ. A Physicochemically Optimized and Neuroconductive Biphasic Nerve Guidance Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28975768 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clinically available hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have had limited success in treating large peripheral nerve injuries. This study aims to develop a biphasic NGC combining a physicochemically optimized collagen outer conduit to bridge the transected nerve, and a neuroconductive hyaluronic acid-based luminal filler to support regeneration. The outer conduit is mechanically optimized by manipulating crosslinking and collagen density, allowing the engineering of a high wall permeability to mitigate the risk of neuroma formation, while also maintaining physiologically relevant stiffness and enzymatic degradation tuned to coincide with regeneration rates. Freeze-drying is used to seamlessly integrate the luminal filler into the conduit, creating a longitudinally aligned pore microarchitecture. The luminal stiffness is modulated to support Schwann cells, with laminin incorporation further enhancing bioactivity by improving cell attachment and metabolic activity. Additionally, this biphasic NGC is shown to support neurogenesis and gliogenesis of neural progenitor cells and axonal outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia. These findings highlight the paradigm that a successful NGC requires the concerted optimization of both a mechanical support phase capable of bridging a nerve defect and a neuroconductive phase with an architecture capable of supporting both Schwann cells and neurons in order to achieve functional regenerative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Ryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - William A. Lackington
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Alan J. Hibbitts
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Austyn Matheson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Tijna Alekseeva
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Anna Stejskalova
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Phoebe Roche
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG); Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering (TCBE); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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Wang Y, Li D, Wang G, Chen L, Chen J, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Shen H, Jin Y, Shen Z. The effect of co-transplantation of nerve fibroblasts and Schwann cells on peripheral nerve repair. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1507-1519. [PMID: 29230099 PMCID: PMC5723917 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinations of fibroblasts (Fbs) and corresponding epithelial cells have been widely used in many tissues, such as the skin and breast tissues, to augment tissue repair and remodeling. Recently, a large amount of new data has indicated that nerve Fbs play critical roles in Schwann cells (SCs) and axons in vitro. However, little is known regarding the effects of co-transplanting nerve Fbs and SCs on peripheral nerve repair in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of co-transplanting sciatic nerve Fbs (SN-Fbs) and sciatic nerve SCs (SN-SCs) on nerve regeneration. We developed a 5 mm nerve-defect model in mice using a polyurethane (PUR) catheter and then injected one of four different mixtures of cells into the catheters to form the following four groups: pure Matrigel (Control group), SN-Fbs alone (SN-Fb group), SN-Fbs combined with SN-SCs at a ratio of 1:2 (Fb&SC group) and SN-SCs alone (SN-SC group). Histological and functional analyses were performed 3 months later. The results indicated that in vitro, the expression levels of NGF, BDNF and GDNF were significantly higher, and in vivo, a more moderate amount of extracellular matrix was produced in the Fb&SC group than in the SN-SC group. Compared to the other groups, co-transplanting SN-Fbs with SCs at a 1:2 ratio had significantly positive effects on nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangyang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyin Liu
- Jiangpu Primary Health Service Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunli Shen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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40
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Salehi M, Naseri-Nosar M, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Nourani M, Khojasteh A, Farzamfar S, Mansouri K, Ai J. Polyurethane/Gelatin Nanofibrils Neural Guidance Conduit Containing Platelet-Rich Plasma and Melatonin for Transplantation of Schwann Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:703-713. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Janjic JM, Gorantla VS. Peripheral Nerve Nanoimaging: Monitoring Treatment and Regeneration. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1304-1316. [PMID: 28779380 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accidental and iatrogenic trauma are major causes of peripheral nerve injury. Healing after nerve injury is complex and often incomplete, which can lead to acute or chronic pain and functional impairment. Current assessment methods for nerve regeneration lack sensitivity and objectivity. There is a need for reliable and reproducible, noninvasive strategies with adequate spatial and temporal resolution for longitudinal evaluation of degeneration or regeneration after injury/treatment. Methods for noninvasive monitoring of the efficacy and effectiveness of neurotherapeutics in nerve regeneration or of neuropathic pain are needed to ensure adequacy and responsiveness to management, especially given the large variability in the patient populations, etiologies, and complexity of nerve injuries. Surrogate biomarkers are needed with positive predictive correlation for the dynamics and kinetics of neuroregeneration. They can provide direct real-time insight into the efficacy and mechanisms of individualized therapeutic intervention. Here, we review the state-of-the-art tools, technologies, and therapies in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration as well as provide perspectives for the future. We present compelling evidence that advancements in nanomedicine and innovation in nanotechnology such as nanotheranostics hold groundbreaking potential as paradigm shifts in noninvasive peripheral nerve imaging and drug delivery. Nanotechnology, which revolutionized molecular imaging in cancer and inflammatory disease, can be used to delineate dynamic molecular imaging signatures of neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration while simultaneously monitoring cellular or tissue response to drug therapy. We believe that current clinical successes of nanotechnology can and should be adopted and adapted to the science of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena M Janjic
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 415 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA. .,Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 1602 E. Carson Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15203, USA.
| | - Vijay S Gorantla
- Departments of Surgery, Ophthalmology and Bioengineering, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
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Giampetruzzi L, Blasi L, Quarta A, Argentiere S, Cella C, Salvatore L, Madaghiele M, Gigli G, Sannino A. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles embedded in a micropatterned collagen scaffold for neuronal tissue regeneration. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1217533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Giampetruzzi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Blasi
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Quarta
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Martins DO, Dos Santos FM, Ciena AP, Watanabe IS, de Britto LRG, Lemos JBD, Chacur M. Neuropeptide expression and morphometric differences in crushed alveolar inferior nerve of rats: Effects of photobiomodulation. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:833-840. [PMID: 28314941 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injuries may occur during various dental routine procedures, especially in the removal of impacted lower third molars, and nerve recovery in these cases is a great challenge in dentistry. Here, the IAN crush injury model was used to assess the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) in the recovery of the IAN in rats following crushing injury (a partial lesion). Rats were divided into four experimental groups: without any procedure, IAN crush injury, and IAN crush injury with PBM and sham group with PBM. Treatment was started 2 days after surgery, above the site of injury, and was performed every other day, totaling 10 sessions. Rats were irradiated with GaAs Laser (Gallium Arsenide, Laserpulse, Ibramed Brazil) emitting a wavelength of 904 nm, an output power of 70 mWpk, beam spot size at target ∼0.1 cm2, a frequency of 9500 Hz, a pulse time 60 ns, and an energy density of 6 J/cm2. Nerve recovery was investigated by measuring the morphometric data of the IAN using TEM and by the expression of laminin, neurofilaments (NFs), and myelin protein zero (MPZ) using Western blot analysis. We found that IAN-injured rats which received PBM had a significant improvement of IAN morphometry when compared to IAN-injured rats without PBM. In parallel, all MPZ, laminin, and NFs exhibited a decrease after PBM. The results of this study indicate that the correlation between the peripheral nerve ultrastructure and the associated protein expression shows the beneficial effects of PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oliveira Martins
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Martinez Dos Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, University Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto G de Britto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José Benedito Dias Lemos
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Torres-Vega E, Mancheño N, Cebrián-Silla A, Herranz-Pérez V, Chumillas MJ, Moris G, Joubert B, Honnorat J, Sevilla T, Vílchez JJ, Dalmau J, Graus F, García-Verdugo JM, Bataller L. Netrin-1 receptor antibodies in thymoma-associated neuromyotonia with myasthenia gravis. Neurology 2017; 88:1235-1242. [PMID: 28251919 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify cell-surface antibodies in patients with neuromyotonia and to describe the main clinical implications. METHODS Sera of 3 patients with thymoma-associated neuromyotonia and myasthenia gravis were used to immunoprecipitate and characterize neuronal cell-surface antigens using reported techniques. The clinical significance of antibodies against precipitated proteins was assessed with sera of 98 patients (neuromyotonia 46, myasthenia gravis 52, thymoma 42; 33 of them with overlapping syndromes) and 219 controls (other neurologic diseases, cancer, and healthy volunteers). RESULTS Immunoprecipitation studies identified 3 targets, including the Netrin-1 receptors DCC (deleted in colorectal carcinoma) and UNC5A (uncoordinated-5A) as well as Caspr2 (contactin-associated protein-like 2). Cell-based assays with these antigens showed that among the indicated patients, 9 had antibodies against Netrin-1 receptors (7 with additional Caspr2 antibodies) and 5 had isolated Caspr2 antibodies. Only one of the 219 controls had isolated Caspr2 antibodies with relapsing myelitis episodes. Among patients with neuromyotonia and/or myasthenia gravis, the presence of Netrin-1 receptor or Caspr2 antibodies predicted thymoma (p < 0.05). Coexisting Caspr2 and Netrin-1 receptor antibodies were associated with concurrent thymoma, myasthenia gravis, and neuromyotonia, often with Morvan syndrome (p = 0.009). Expression of DCC, UNC5A, and Caspr2 proteins was demonstrated in paraffin-embedded thymoma samples (3) and normal thymus. CONCLUSIONS Antibodies against Netrin-1 receptors (DCC and UNC5a) and Caspr2 often coexist and associate with thymoma in patients with neuromyotonia and myasthenia gravis. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that antibodies against Netrin-1 receptors can identify patients with thymoma (sensitivity 21.4%, specificity 100%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Torres-Vega
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Mancheño
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arantxa Cebrián-Silla
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Chumillas
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Germán Moris
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bastien Joubert
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Vílchez
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Dalmau
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Graus
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Bataller
- From the Laboratorio de Neurología (E.T.-V., T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, CIBERER, Valencia; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica (N.M.), Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica (M.J.C.), and Servicio de Neurología (T.S., J.J.V., L.B.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada (A.C.-S., V.H.-P., J.M.G.-V.), Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED; Servicio de Neurología (G.M.), Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (B.J., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, and Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Laboratori de Neurologia (J.D., F.G.), Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
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Dun XP, Parkinson DB. Role of Netrin-1 Signaling in Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030491. [PMID: 28245592 PMCID: PMC5372507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 was the first axon guidance molecule to be discovered in vertebrates and has a strong chemotropic function for axonal guidance, cell migration, morphogenesis and angiogenesis. It is a secreted axon guidance cue that can trigger attraction by binding to its canonical receptors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and Neogenin or repulsion through binding the DCC/Uncoordinated (Unc5) A–D receptor complex. The crystal structures of Netrin-1/receptor complexes have recently been revealed. These studies have provided a structure based explanation of Netrin-1 bi-functionality. Netrin-1 and its receptor are continuously expressed in the adult nervous system and are differentially regulated after nerve injury. In the adult spinal cord and optic nerve, Netrin-1 has been considered as an inhibitor that contributes to axon regeneration failure after injury. In the peripheral nervous system, Netrin-1 receptors are expressed in Schwann cells, the cell bodies of sensory neurons and the axons of both motor and sensory neurons. Netrin-1 is expressed in Schwann cells and its expression is up-regulated after peripheral nerve transection injury. Recent studies indicated that Netrin-1 plays a positive role in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Targeting of the Netrin-1 signaling pathway could develop novel therapeutic strategies to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Peng Dun
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8BU, UK.
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
| | - David B Parkinson
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8BU, UK.
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Madhusudanan P, Reade S, Shankarappa SA. Neuroglia as targets for drug delivery systems: A review. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:667-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Barbon S, Stocco E, Negro A, Dalzoppo D, Borgio L, Rajendran S, Grandi F, Porzionato A, Macchi V, De Caro R, Parnigotto PP, Grandi C. In vitro assessment of TAT - Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor therapeutic potential for peripheral nerve regeneration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 309:121-8. [PMID: 27597256 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In regenerative neurobiology, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) is raising high interest as a multifunctional neurocytokine, playing a key role in the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. Despite its promising trophic and regulatory activity, its clinical application is limited by the onset of severe side effects, due to the lack of efficient intracellular trafficking after administration. In this study, recombinant CNTF linked to the transactivator transduction domain (TAT) was investigated in vitro and found to be an optimized fusion protein which preserves neurotrophic activity, besides enhancing cellular uptake for therapeutic advantage. Moreover, a compelling protein delivery method was defined, in the future perspective of improving nerve regeneration strategies. Following determination of TAT-CNTF molecular weight and concentration, its specific effect on neural SH-SY5Y and PC12 cultures was assessed. Cell proliferation assay demonstrated that the fusion protein triggers PC12 cell growth within 6h of stimulation. At the same time, the activation of signal transduction pathway and enhancement of cellular trafficking were found to be accomplished in both neural cell lines after specific treatment with TAT-CNTF. Finally, the recombinant growth factor was successfully loaded on oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) scaffolds, and more efficiently released when polymer oxidation rate increased. Taken together, our results highlight that the TAT domain addiction to the protein sequence preserves CNTF specific neurotrophic activity in vitro, besides improving cellular uptake. Moreover, oxidized PVA could represent an ideal biomaterial for the development of nerve conduits loaded with the fusion protein to be delivered to the site of nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy; Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUS, Via De Sanctis 10, Caselle di Selvazzano Dentro, 35030 Padua, Italy.
| | - Elena Stocco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy; Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUS, Via De Sanctis 10, Caselle di Selvazzano Dentro, 35030 Padua, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Daniele Dalzoppo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Luca Borgio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Senthilkumar Rajendran
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesca Grandi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Surgery, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 65, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 65, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 65, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUS, Via De Sanctis 10, Caselle di Selvazzano Dentro, 35030 Padua, Italy.
| | - Claudio Grandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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Low-energy Shock Wave Therapy Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction in a Pelvic Neurovascular Injuries Rat Model. J Sex Med 2016; 13:22-32. [PMID: 26755082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by pelvic injuries is a common complication of civil and battlefield trauma with multiple neurovascular factors involved, and no effective therapeutic approach is available. AIMS To test the effect and mechanisms of low-energy shock wave (LESW) therapy in a rat ED model induced by pelvic neurovascular injuries. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) at newborn were divided into 4 groups: sham surgery (Sham), pelvic neurovascular injury by bilateral cavernous nerve injury and internal pudendal bundle injury (PVNI), PVNI treated with LESW at low energy (Low), and PVNI treated with LESW at high energy (High). After LESW treatment, rats underwent erectile function measurement and the tissues were harvested for histologic and molecular study. To examine the effect of LESW on Schwann cells, in vitro studies were conducted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurement, histological examination, and Western blot (WB) were conducted. Cell cycle, Schwann cell activation-related markers were examined in in vitro experiments. RESULTS LESW treatment improves erectile function in a rat model of pelvic neurovascular injury by leading to angiogenesis, tissue restoration, and nerve generation with more endogenous EdU(+) progenitor cells recruited to the damaged area and activation of Schwann cells. LESW facilitates more complete re-innervation of penile tissue with regeneration of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive nerves from the MPG to the penis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LESW has a direct effect on Schwann cell proliferation. Schwann cell activation-related markers including p-Erk1/2 and p75 were upregulated after LESW treatment. CONCLUSION LESW-induced endogenous progenitor cell recruitment and Schwann cell activation coincides with angiogenesis, tissue, and nerve generation in a rat model of pelvic neurovascular injuries.
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Ji X, Liu H, An C, Wang Y, Zhao H, Zhang Q, Li M, Qi F, Chen Z, Wang X, Wang L. You-Gui pills promote nerve regeneration by regulating netrin1, DCC and Rho family GTPases RhoA, Racl, Cdc42 in C57BL/6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:123-133. [PMID: 27106785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE You-Gui pills (YGPs) are an effective traditional Chinese formula being used clinically for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies demonstrated that YGPs exerted the potent neuroprotective effects in murine models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an equivalent animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the mechanism of YGPs functions remained unclear. AIM OF THIS STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of YGPs in MOG35-55-induced EAE mice and to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups, including the non-treated EAE model, prednisone acetate- and 1.2, 2.4 or 4.8g/kg YGPs-treated EAE groups, and a normal control group. The EAE model was established by injecting the mice subcutaneously with MOG35-55 antigen. The body weights were measured and the neurological functions were scored in each group. The pathology and morphology of the brain and spinal cord was examined. The expression of MAP-2 was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The levels of netrin1, DCC, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 were assayed by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot on day 40 post-immunization (PI). RESULTS YGPs treatments significantly reduced neurological function scores in EAE mice, where the inflammatory infiltration was reduced and the axon and myelin damage in both brain and spinal cord was alleviated. In the brain and spinal cord tissues, YGPs increased the expression of neuronal factors MAP-2, netrin1 and DCC. The expression of Rac1 and Cdc42 were increased, while RhoA was reduced following YGPs treatments. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that YGPs exhibited a neuroprotective effect on promoting nerve regeneration at the brain and spinal cord in EAE mice induced by MOG35-55. Netrin1, DCC and the Rho family GTPases of RhoA, Racl, Cdc42 were involved in mediating the effects of YGPs on nerve regeneration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/ultrastructure
- DCC Receptor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Nerve Growth Factors/genetics
- Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism
- Nerve Regeneration/drug effects
- Netrin-1
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Peptide Fragments
- Phytotherapy
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Spinal Cord/ultrastructure
- Tablets
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Haolong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Chen An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Fang Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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50
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Netrin-1 Contributes to Myelinated Afferent Fiber Sprouting and Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5640-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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