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Sun M, Xue W, Meng H, Sun X, Lu T, Yue W, Wang L, Zhang D, Li J. Dentate Gyrus Morphogenesis is Regulated by an Autism Risk Gene Trio Function in Granule Cells. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01241-y. [PMID: 38907786 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are reported as a group of neurodevelopmental disorders. The structural changes of brain regions including the hippocampus were widely reported in autistic patients and mouse models with dysfunction of ASD risk genes, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report that deletion of Trio, a high-susceptibility gene of ASDs, causes a postnatal dentate gyrus (DG) hypoplasia with a zigzagged suprapyramidal blade, and the Trio-deficient mice display autism-like behaviors. The impaired morphogenesis of DG is mainly caused by disturbing the postnatal distribution of postmitotic granule cells (GCs), which further results in a migration deficit of neural progenitors. Furthermore, we reveal that Trio plays different roles in various excitatory neural cells by spatial transcriptomic sequencing, especially the role of regulating the migration of postmitotic GCs. In summary, our findings provide evidence of cellular mechanisms that Trio is involved in postnatal DG morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | | | - Hu Meng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102299, China
| | - Jun Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102299, China.
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2
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Pastor-Alonso O, Syeda Zahra A, Kaske B, García-Moreno F, Tetzlaff F, Bockelmann E, Grunwald V, Martín-Suárez S, Riecken K, Witte OW, Encinas JM, Urbach A. Generation of adult hippocampal neural stem cells occurs in the early postnatal dentate gyrus and depends on cyclin D2. EMBO J 2024; 43:317-338. [PMID: 38177500 PMCID: PMC10897295 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifelong hippocampal neurogenesis is maintained by a pool of multipotent adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) residing in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG). The mechanisms guiding transition of NSCs from the developmental to the adult state remain unclear. We show here, by using nestin-based reporter mice deficient for cyclin D2, that the aNSC pool is established through cyclin D2-dependent proliferation during the first two weeks of life. The absence of cyclin D2 does not affect normal development of the dentate gyrus until birth but prevents postnatal formation of radial glia-like aNSCs. Furthermore, retroviral fate mapping reveals that aNSCs are born on-site from precursors located in the dentate gyrus shortly after birth. Taken together, our data identify the critical time window and the spatial location of the precursor divisions that generate the persistent population of aNSCs and demonstrate the central role of cyclin D2 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oier Pastor-Alonso
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Anum Syeda Zahra
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Bente Kaske
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Fernando García-Moreno
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Felix Tetzlaff
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Enno Bockelmann
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Vanessa Grunwald
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Soraya Martín-Suárez
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Otto Wilhelm Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Jena Centre for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel Encinas
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbo, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Scientific Park, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Anja Urbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Centre for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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3
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Ohyama K, Shinohara HM, Omura S, Kawachi T, Sato T, Toda K. PSmad3+/Olig2- expression defines a subpopulation of gfap-GFP+/Sox9+ neural progenitors and radial glia-like cells in mouse dentate gyrus through embryonic and postnatal development. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1204012. [PMID: 37795190 PMCID: PMC10547214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1204012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mouse dentate gyrus, radial glia-like cells (RGLs) persist throughout life and play a critical role in the generation of granule neurons. A large body of evidence has shown that the combinatorial expression of transcription factors (TFs) defines cell types in the developing central nervous system (CNS). As yet, the identification of specific TFs that exclusively define RGLs in the developing mouse dentate gyrus (DG) remains elusive. Here we show that phospho-Smad3 (PSmad3) is expressed in a subpopulation of neural progenitors in the DG. During embryonic stage (E14-15), PSmad3 was predominantly expressed in gfap-GFP-positive (GFP+)/Sox2+ progenitors located at the lower dentate notch (LDN). As the development proceeds (E16-17), the vast majority of PSmad3+ cells were GFP+/Sox2+/Prox1low+/Ki67+ proliferative progenitors that eventually differentiated into granule neurons. During postnatal stage (P1-P6) PSmad3 expression was observed in GFP+ progenitors and astrocytes. Subsequently, at P14-P60, PSmad3 expression was found both in GFP+ RGLs in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and astrocytes in the molecular layer (ML) and hilus. Notably, PSmad3+ SGZ cells did not express proliferation markers such as PCNA and phospho-vimentin, suggesting that they are predominantly quiescent from P14 onwards. Significantly PSmad3+/GFP+ astrocytes, but not SGZ cells, co-expressed Olig2 and S100β. Together, PSmad3+/Olig2- expression serves as an exclusive marker for a specific subpopulation of GFP+ neural progenitors and RGLs in the mouse DG during both embryonic and postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Ohyama
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Reyes RV, Hino K, Canales CP, Dickson EJ, La Torre A, Simó S. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CRL5 Regulates Dentate Gyrus Morphogenesis, Adult Neurogenesis, and Animal Behavior. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:908719. [PMID: 35801174 PMCID: PMC9253586 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.908719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) is an essential part of the hippocampal formation and participates in the majority of hippocampal functions. The DG is also one of the few structures in the mammalian central nervous system that produces adult-born neurons and, in humans, alterations in adult neurogenesis are associated with stress and depression. Given the importance of DG in hippocampal function, it is imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms driving DG development and homeostasis. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin-5/RBX2 (CRL5) is a multiprotein complex involved in neuron migration and localization in the nervous system, but its role during development and in the adult DG remain elusive. Here, we show that CRL5 participates in mossy fiber pruning, DG layering, adult neurogenesis, and overall physical activity in mice. During DG development, RBX2 depletion causes an overextension of the DG mossy fiber infrapyramidal bundle (IPB). We further demonstrate that the increased activity in Reelin/DAB1 or ARF6 signaling, observed in RBX2 knockout mice, is not responsible for the lack of IPB pruning. Knocking out RBX2 also affects granule cell and neural progenitor localization and these defects were rescued by downregulating the Reelin/DAB1 signaling. Finally, we show that absence of RBX2 increases the number neural progenitors and adult neurogenesis. Importantly, RBX2 knockout mice exhibit higher levels of physical activity, uncovering a potential mechanism responsible for the increased adult neurogenesis in the RBX2 mutant DG. Overall, we present evidence of CRL5 regulating mossy fiber pruning and layering during development and opposing adult neurogenesis in the adult DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raenier V. Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Keiko Hino
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cesar Patricio Canales
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Eamonn James Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anna La Torre
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sergi Simó,
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5
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Schneider J, Weigel J, Wittmann MT, Svehla P, Ehrt S, Zheng F, Elmzzahi T, Karpf J, Paniagua-Herranz L, Basak O, Ekici A, Reis A, Alzheimer C, Ortega de la O F, Liebscher S, Beckervordersandforth R. Astrogenesis in the murine dentate gyrus is a life-long and dynamic process. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110409. [PMID: 35451150 PMCID: PMC9156974 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly abundant in the mammalian brain, and their functions are of vital importance for all aspects of development, adaption, and aging of the central nervous system (CNS). Mounting evidence indicates the important contributions of astrocytes to a wide range of neuropathies. Still, our understanding of astrocyte development significantly lags behind that of other CNS cells. We here combine immunohistochemical approaches with genetic fate-mapping, behavioral paradigms, single-cell transcriptomics, and in vivo two-photon imaging, to comprehensively assess the generation and the proliferation of astrocytes in the dentate gyrus (DG) across the life span of a mouse. Astrogenesis in the DG is initiated by radial glia-like neural stem cells giving rise to locally dividing astrocytes that enlarge the astrocyte compartment in an outside-in-pattern. Also in the adult DG, the vast majority of astrogenesis is mediated through the proliferation of local astrocytes. Interestingly, locally dividing astrocytes were able to adapt their proliferation to environmental and behavioral stimuli revealing an unexpected plasticity. Our study establishes astrocytes as enduring plastic elements in DG circuits, implicating a vital contribution of astrocyte dynamics to hippocampal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Weigel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pavel Svehla
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrt
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fang Zheng
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tarek Elmzzahi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Immunology in Neurodegeneration, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Karpf
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucía Paniagua-Herranz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - Onur Basak
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andre Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felipe Ortega de la O
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - Sabine Liebscher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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6
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Timmerman BM, Mooney-Leber SM, Brummelte S. The effects of neonatal procedural pain and maternal isolation on hippocampal cell proliferation and reelin concentration in neonatal and adult male and female rats. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22212. [PMID: 34813104 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Preterm births accounted for over 10% of all U.S. live births in 2019 and the rate is rising. Neonatal stressors, especially procedural pain, experienced by preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have been associated with neurodevelopmental impairments. Parental care can alleviate stress during stressful or painful procedures; however, infants in the NICU often receive reduced parental care compared with their peers. Animal studies suggest that decreased maternal care similarly impairs neurodevelopment but also influences the effects of neonatal pain. It is important to mimic both stressors in animal models of neonatal stress exposure. In this study, researchers investigated the individual and combined impact of neonatal pain and maternal isolation on reelin protein levels and cellular proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of 8 days old and adult rats. Exposure to either stressor individually, but not both, increased reelin levels in the dentate gyrus of adult females without significantly altering reelin levels in adult males. However, cell proliferation levels at either age were unaffected by the early-life stressors. These results suggest that each early-life stressor has a unique effect on markers of brain development and more research is needed to further investigate their distinct influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Timmerman
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean M Mooney-Leber
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Points, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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7
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Pahle J, Muhia M, Wagener RJ, Tippmann A, Bock HH, Graw J, Herz J, Staiger JF, Drakew A, Kneussel M, Rune GM, Frotscher M, Brunne B. Selective Inactivation of Reelin in Inhibitory Interneurons Leads to Subtle Changes in the Dentate Gyrus But Leaves Cortical Layering and Behavior Unaffected. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1688-1707. [PMID: 31667489 PMCID: PMC7132935 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein, known for its dual role in neuronal migration during brain development and in synaptic plasticity at adult stages. During the perinatal phase, Reelin expression switches from Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells, its main source before birth, to inhibitory interneurons (IN), the main source of Reelin in the adult forebrain. IN-derived Reelin has been associated with schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy; however, the functional role of Reelin from INs is presently unclear. In this study, we used conditional knockout mice, which lack Reelin expression specifically in inhibitory INs, leading to a substantial reduction in total Reelin expression in the neocortex and dentate gyrus. Our results show that IN-specific Reelin knockout mice exhibit normal neuronal layering and normal behavior, including spatial reference memory. Although INs are the major source of Reelin within the adult stem cell niche, Reelin from INs does not contribute substantially to normal adult neurogenesis. While a closer look at the dentate gyrus revealed some unexpected alterations at the cellular level, including an increase in the number of Reelin expressing CR cells, overall our data suggest that Reelin derived from INs is less critical for cortex development and function than Reelin expressed by CR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pahle
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mary Muhia
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin J Wagener
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Tippmann
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Systems Neuroscience, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans H Bock
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janice Graw
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Drakew
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele M Rune
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Frotscher
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianka Brunne
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Reelin Mediates Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius Cell Positioning and Infrapyramidal Blade Morphogenesis. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8030020. [PMID: 32962021 PMCID: PMC7558149 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described hypomorphic reelin (Reln) mutant mice, RelnCTRdel, in which the morphology of the dentate gyrus is distinct from that seen in reeler mice. In the RelnCTRdel mutant, the infrapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus fails to extend, while the suprapyramidal blade forms with a relatively compact granule neuron layer. Underlying this defect, we now report several developmental anomalies in the RelnCTRdel dentate gyrus. Most strikingly, the distribution of Cajal-Retzius cells was aberrant; Cajal-Retzius neurons were increased in the suprapyramidal blade, but were greatly reduced along the subpial surface of the prospective infrapyramidal blade. We also observed multiple abnormalities of the fimbriodentate junction. Firstly, progenitor cells were distributed abnormally; the “neurogenic cluster” at the fimbriodentate junction was absent, lacking the normal accumulation of Tbr2-positive intermediate progenitors. However, the number of dividing cells in the dentate gyrus was not generally decreased. Secondly, a defect of secondary glial scaffold formation, limited to the infrapyramidal blade, was observed. The densely radiating glial fibers characteristic of the normal fimbriodentate junction were absent in mutants. These fibers might be required for migration of progenitors, which may account for the failure of neurogenic cluster formation. These findings suggest the importance of the secondary scaffold and neurogenic cluster of the fimbriodentate junction in morphogenesis of the mammalian dentate gyrus. Our study provides direct genetic evidence showing that normal RELN function is required for Cajal-Retzius cell positioning in the dentate gyrus, and for formation of the fimbriodentate junction to promote infrapyramidal blade extension.
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9
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Taschetto Vey L, Zuquetto Rosa H, Cristine Silva Barcelos R, Tironi Dias V, Izabel Ugalde Marques da Rocha M, Escobar Burger M. Neonatal handling increases neurogenesis, BDNF and GR in the hippocampus favoring memory acquisition in rats. Brain Res 2020; 1745:146921. [PMID: 32505752 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early life is a critical period for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) when the brain undergoes functional organization, neuronal proliferation and migration. This study aimed to evaluate influences and possible interactions of the neonatal handling (NH) on morphologic, biochemical and molecular markers in the hippocampus, as well as on Mu opioid receptors (MOR) immunoreactivity when adolescent rats were exposed to morphine. On postnatal day (PND) 1, male pups were assigned to two experimental groups: unhandled (UH) or neonatal handling (NH), whose procedure was applied from PND2 to PND9. On PND 50, animals were submitted to memory behavioral test, anesthesia and euthanasia for blood collection and hippocampus removal. Animals exposed to NH showed: i) increased levels of proBDNF and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); ii) increased memory performance; iii) decreased lipid peroxidation (LP) in plasma and hippocampus; iv) increased antioxidant defenses; v) increased glucocorticoids receptor (GR) levels. Interestingly, our data showed a positive correlation between BDNF and working memory after NH procedure (r2 = 0.73; P = 0.006). Animals submitted to NH showed an increased per se of MOR immunoreactivity regardless of morphine exposure, while this increasing was also observed in the UH group after morphine exposure, even in a small extent. NH beneficial influence during early stage of life can be reflected during the development of the puppies, enhancing memory performance, preventing oxidative events and improving molecular targets in hippocampus. Further experimental studies in addition to clinical ones are needed to validate NH protocol as a therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Taschetto Vey
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Izabel Ugalde Marques da Rocha
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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10
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Liu M, Xu M, Wang M, Wang S, Li K, Cheng X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhu X, Zhao S. Maternal exposure to swainsonine impaired the early postnatal development of mouse dentate gyrus of offspring. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104511. [PMID: 31348968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) plays a key role in the normal of structure and function of the hippocampus-learning and memory. After eating the locoweeds, animals develop a chronic neurological disease called "locoism". Swainsonine (SW) is the main toxin in locoweeds. Studies have shown that SW induces neuronal apoptosis in vitro and impairs learning and memory in adult mouse. The present study explored effects of SW exposure to dams on the postnatal neurogenesis of DG of offspring. Pregnant ICR mice were orally gavaged with SW at a dose of 0, 5.6 or 8.4 mg/kg/day from gestation day 10 to postnatal day (PND) 21, respectively. We found that SW impaired the proliferation capacity of neural progenitor cells in the DG so that the number of newborn cells was reduced at PND 8. Using the postnatal in vivo electroporation, we showed that the dendritic branching and total length of granule cells were significantly decreased due to SW exposure. In addition, on PND 21, the density of NeuN-positive and Reelin-positive interneurons increased in the hilus, implying the disorder of neuronal migration. These results suggest that maternal exposure to SW, the neurogenesis of DG on offspring was disrupted, finally leading to the functional disorder of DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Mingrui Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Mengli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Shuzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xinran Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yongji Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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11
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Zhao XF, Kohen R, Parent R, Duan Y, Fisher GL, Korn MJ, Ji L, Wan G, Jin J, Püschel AW, Dolan DF, Parent JM, Corfas G, Murphy GG, Giger RJ. PlexinA2 Forward Signaling through Rap1 GTPases Regulates Dentate Gyrus Development and Schizophrenia-like Behaviors. Cell Rep 2019; 22:456-470. [PMID: 29320740 PMCID: PMC5788190 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentate gyrus (DG) development requires specification of granule cell (GC) progenitors in the hippocampal neuroepithelium, as well as their proliferation and migration into the primordial DG. We identify the Plexin family members Plxna2 and Plxna4 as important regulators of DG development. Distribution of immature GCs is regulated by Sema5A signaling through PlxnA2 and requires a functional PlxnA2 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain and Rap1 small GTPases. In adult Plxna2−/− but not Plxna2-GAP-deficient mice, the dentate GC layer is severely malformed, neurogenesis is compromised, and mossy fibers form aberrant synaptic boutons within CA3. Behavioral studies with Plxna2−/− mice revealed deficits in associative learning, sociability, and sensorimotor gating—traits commonly observed in neuropsychiatric disorder. Remarkably, while morphological defects are minimal in Plxna2-GAP-deficient brains, defects in fear memory and sensorimotor gating persist. Since allelic variants of human PLXNA2 and RAP1 associate with schizophrenia, our studies identify a biochemical pathway important for brain development and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rafi Kohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel Parent
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuntao Duan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Grace L Fisher
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew J Korn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lingchao Ji
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas W Püschel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - David F Dolan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Corfas
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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12
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Balzamino BO, Esposito G, Marino R, Keller F, Micera A. Changes in vitreal protein profile and retina mRNAs in Reeler mice: NGF, IL33 and Müller cell activation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212732. [PMID: 30811468 PMCID: PMC6392297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible link between Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Reelin might take place during impaired retinal development occurring in the Reelin deficient mouse model (Reeler). To better characterize NGF and retina impairments at the Reeler retina, vitreous and retina were investigated by means of protein expression and glial cell activation. Reeler (n = 9; RELN-/-) and WT (n = 9; wild-type RELN+/+, B6C3Fe) mice were analyzed at 14, 21 and 28 postnatal days (p). Retinas and vitreous were subjected to confocal analysis and protein array, followed by conventional analysis. A significant increase of NGF, IL33 and TIMP1, a trend to a decrease of IL12 and IL6, as well as a significant decrease of NT3 were detected in Reeler vitreous, particularly at p28 (p<0.05). MIP3β mRNA was decreased while IL33mRNA was significantly upregulated in Reeler retina. Increased number of GFAP+ and Nestin+ cells as well as upregulation of Glutamine Synthetase and Nestin mRNAs were observed in Reeler retinas (p<0.05). These findings extend our previous studies on Reeler retina showing a selective Müller cell activation. NGF and IL33 release into vitreous would suggest a local activation of Müller cells, in addition to retinal ganglion and accessory cells. Overall, the data from this experimental study would strength the potential neuroprotective role played by activated Muller cells through NGF release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graziana Esposito
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS–Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Marino
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuroscience and Neural Plasticity, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Keller
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuroscience and Neural Plasticity, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS–Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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13
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Adams KV, Morshead CM. Neural stem cell heterogeneity in the mammalian forebrain. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:2-36. [PMID: 29902499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain was long considered an organ that underwent very little change after development. It is now well established that the mammalian central nervous system contains neural stem cells that generate progeny that are capable of making new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The field has advanced rapidly as it strives to understand the basic biology of these precursor cells, and explore their potential to promote brain repair. The purpose of this review is to present current knowledge about the diversity of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and highlight distinctions between neural stem cell populations, throughout development, and within the niche. A comprehensive understanding of neural stem cell heterogeneity will provide insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development and lifelong neurogenesis, and will guide the development of novel strategies to promote regeneration and neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey V Adams
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Canada; Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
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14
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Liver X receptor β regulates the development of the dentate gyrus and autistic-like behavior in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2725-E2733. [PMID: 29507213 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800184115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is a laminated brain region in which neurogenesis begins during early embryonic development and continues until adulthood. Recent studies have implicated that defects in the neurogenesis of the DG seem to be involved in the genesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)-like behaviors. Liver X receptor β (LXRβ) has recently emerged as an important transcription factor involved in the development of laminated CNS structures, but little is known about its role in the development of the DG. Here, we show that deletion of the LXRβ in mice causes hypoplasia in the DG, including abnormalities in the formation of progenitor cells and granule cell differentiation. We also found that expression of Notch1, a central mediator of progenitor cell self-renewal, is reduced in LXRβ-null mice. In addition, LXRβ deletion in mice results in autistic-like behaviors, including abnormal social interaction and repetitive behavior. These data reveal a central role for LXRβ in orchestrating the timely differentiation of neural progenitor cells within the DG, thereby providing a likely explanation for its association with the genesis of autism-related behaviors in LXRβ-deficient mice.
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15
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Zhao XF, Kohen R, Parent R, Duan Y, Fisher GL, Korn MJ, Ji L, Wan G, Jin J, Püschel AW, Dolan DF, Parent JM, Corfas G, Murphy GG, Giger RJ. PlexinA2 Forward Signaling through Rap1 GTPases Regulates Dentate Gyrus Development and Schizophrenia-like Behaviors. Cell Rep 2018. [PMID: 29320740 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.044.plexina2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentate gyrus (DG) development requires specification of granule cell (GC) progenitors in the hippocampal neuroepithelium, as well as their proliferation and migration into the primordial DG. We identify the Plexin family members Plxna2 and Plxna4 as important regulators of DG development. Distribution of immature GCs is regulated by Sema5A signaling through PlxnA2 and requires a functional PlxnA2 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain and Rap1 small GTPases. In adult Plxna2-/- but not Plxna2-GAP-deficient mice, the dentate GC layer is severely malformed, neurogenesis is compromised, and mossy fibers form aberrant synaptic boutons within CA3. Behavioral studies with Plxna2-/- mice revealed deficits in associative learning, sociability, and sensorimotor gating-traits commonly observed in neuropsychiatric disorder. Remarkably, while morphological defects are minimal in Plxna2-GAP-deficient brains, defects in fear memory and sensorimotor gating persist. Since allelic variants of human PLXNA2 and RAP1 associate with schizophrenia, our studies identify a biochemical pathway important for brain development and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rafi Kohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel Parent
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuntao Duan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Grace L Fisher
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew J Korn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lingchao Ji
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas W Püschel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - David F Dolan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Corfas
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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16
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Blume M, Inoguchi F, Sugiyama T, Owada Y, Osumi N, Aimi Y, Taki K, Katsuyama Y. Dab1 contributes differently to the morphogenesis of the hippocampal subdivisions. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:657-673. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Blume
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience; European Graduate School of Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience; Graduate School of Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Fuduki Inoguchi
- Department of Anatomy; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu 520-2192 Japan
| | - Taku Sugiyama
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience; Graduate School of Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy; Graduate School of Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience; Graduate School of Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yoshinari Aimi
- Department of Anatomy; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu 520-2192 Japan
| | - Kosuke Taki
- Department of Anatomy; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu 520-2192 Japan
| | - Yu Katsuyama
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience; Graduate School of Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
- Department of Anatomy; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu 520-2192 Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy; Graduate School of Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
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17
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DNA Methyltransferase 1 Is Indispensable for Development of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. J Neurosci 2017; 36:6050-68. [PMID: 27251626 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0512-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in the mammalian brain is achieved through multiple processes during late embryonic and postnatal stages, with each developmental step being strictly governed by extracellular cues and intracellular mechanisms. Here, we show that the maintenance DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) is critical for development of the DG in the mouse. Deletion of Dnmt1 in neural stem cells (NSCs) at the beginning of DG development led to a smaller size of the granule cell layer in the DG. NSCs lacking Dnmt1 failed to establish proper radial processes or to migrate into the subgranular zone, resulting in aberrant neuronal production in the molecular layer of the DG and a reduction of integrated neurons in the granule cell layer. Interestingly, prenatal deletion of Dnmt1 in NSCs affected not only the developmental progression of the DG but also the properties of NSCs maintained into adulthood: Dnmt1-deficient NSCs displayed impaired neurogenic ability and proliferation. We also found that Dnmt1 deficiency in NSCs decreased the expression of Reelin signaling components in the developing DG and increased that of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p57 in the adult DG. Together, these findings led us to propose that Dnmt1 functions as a key regulator to ensure the proper development of the DG, as well as the proper status of NSCs maintained into adulthood, by modulating extracellular signaling and intracellular mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we provide evidence that Dnmt1 is required for the proper development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Deletion of Dnmt1 in neural stem cells (NSCs) at an early stage of DG development impaired the ability of NSCs to establish secondary radial glial scaffolds and to migrate into the subgranular zone of the DG, leading to aberrant neuronal production in the molecular layer, increased cell death, and decreased granule neuron production. Prenatal deletion of Dnmt1 in NSCs also induced defects in the proliferation and neurogenic ability of adult NSCs. Furthermore, we found that Dnmt1 regulates the expression of key extracellular signaling components during developmental stages while modulating intracellular mechanisms for proliferation and neuronal production of NSCs in the adult.
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18
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Matsui T, Nieto-Estévez V, Kyrychenko S, Schneider JW, Hsieh J. Retinoblastoma protein controls growth, survival and neuronal migration in human cerebral organoids. Development 2017; 144:1025-1034. [PMID: 28087635 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (RB) regulates S-phase cell cycle entry via E2F transcription factors. Knockout (KO) mice have shown that RB plays roles in cell migration, differentiation and apoptosis, in developing and adult brain. In addition, the RB family is required for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Since little is known about the role of RB in human brain development, we investigated its function in cerebral organoids differentiated from gene-edited hESCs lacking RB. We show that RB is abundantly expressed in neural stem and progenitor cells in organoids at 15 and 28 days of culture. RB loss promoted S-phase entry in DCX+ cells and increased apoptosis in Sox2+ neural stem and progenitor cells, and in DCX+ and Tuj1+ neurons. Associated with these cell cycle and pro-apoptotic effects, we observed increased CCNA2 and BAX gene expression, respectively. Moreover, we observed aberrant Tuj1+ neuronal migration in RB-KO organoids and upregulation of the gene encoding VLDLR, a receptor important in reelin signaling. Corroborating the results in RB-KO organoids in vitro, we observed ectopically localized Tuj1+ cells in RB-KO teratomas grown in vivo Taken together, these results identify crucial functions for RB in the cerebral organoid model of human brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsui
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vanesa Nieto-Estévez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sergii Kyrychenko
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jay W Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jenny Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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19
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Bock HH, May P. Canonical and Non-canonical Reelin Signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:166. [PMID: 27445693 PMCID: PMC4928174 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a large secreted glycoprotein that is essential for correct neuronal positioning during neurodevelopment and is important for synaptic plasticity in the mature brain. Moreover, Reelin is expressed in many extraneuronal tissues; yet the roles of peripheral Reelin are largely unknown. In the brain, many of Reelin's functions are mediated by a molecular signaling cascade that involves two lipoprotein receptors, apolipoprotein E receptor-2 (Apoer2) and very low density-lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr), the neuronal phosphoprotein Disabled-1 (Dab1), and members of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases as crucial elements. This core signaling pathway in turn modulates the activity of adaptor proteins and downstream protein kinase cascades, many of which target the neuronal cytoskeleton. However, additional Reelin-binding receptors have been postulated or described, either as coreceptors that are essential for the activation of the "canonical" Reelin signaling cascade involving Apoer2/Vldlr and Dab1, or as receptors that activate alternative or additional signaling pathways. Here we will give an overview of canonical and alternative Reelin signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms involved, and their potential physiological roles in the context of different biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Bock
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra May
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Nieto-Estévez V, Oueslati-Morales CO, Li L, Pickel J, Morales AV, Vicario-Abejón C. Brain Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Directs the Transition from Stem Cells to Mature Neurons During Postnatal/Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2194-209. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nieto-Estévez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos O. Oueslati-Morales
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Lingling Li
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
| | - James Pickel
- Transgenic Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Aixa V. Morales
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
| | - Carlos Vicario-Abejón
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
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21
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Dentate Gyrus Development Requires ERK Activity to Maintain Progenitor Population and MAPK Pathway Feedback Regulation. J Neurosci 2015; 35:6836-48. [PMID: 25926459 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4196-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERK/MAPK pathway is an important developmental signaling pathway. Mutations in upstream elements of this pathway result in neuro-cardio-facial cutaneous (NCFC) syndromes, which are typified by impaired neurocognitive abilities that are reliant upon hippocampal function. The role of ERK signaling during hippocampal development has not been examined and may provide critical insight into the cause of hippocampal dysfunction in NCFC syndromes. In this study, we have generated ERK1 and conditional ERK2 compound knock-out mice to determine the role of ERK signaling during development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. We found that loss of both ERK1 and ERK2 resulted in 60% fewer granule cells and near complete absence of neural progenitor pools in the postnatal dentate gyrus. Loss of ERK1/2 impaired maintenance of neural progenitors as they migrate from the dentate ventricular zone to the dentate gyrus proper, resulting in premature depletion of neural progenitor cells beginning at E16.5, which prevented generation of granule cells later in development. Finally, loss of ERK2 alone does not impair development of the dentate gyrus as animals expressing only ERK1 developed a normal hippocampus. These findings establish that ERK signaling regulates maintenance of progenitor cells required for development of the dentate gyrus.
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Nicola Z, Fabel K, Kempermann G. Development of the adult neurogenic niche in the hippocampus of mice. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:53. [PMID: 25999820 PMCID: PMC4423450 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When does adult hippocampal neurogenesis begin? We describe the development of the neurogenic niche in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. We did so from the perspective of the situation in the adult. Ontogeny of the dentate gyrus is complex and results in an ectopic neurogenic niche that lifelong generates new granule cells. Neurogenesis during the fetal and early postnatal periods builds the dentate gyrus and gives way to activity-dependent "adult" neurogenesis. We used markers most relevant to adult neurogenesis research to describe this transition: Nestin, Sox2, BLBP, GFAP, Tbr2, Doublecortin (DCX), NeuroD1 and Prox1. We found that massive changes and a local condensation of proliferating precursor cells occurs between postnatal day 7 (P7), near the peak in proliferation, and P14. Before and around P7, the spatial distribution of cells and the co-localization of markers were distinct from the situation in the adult. Unlike the adult SGZ, the marker pair Nestin/Sox2 and the radial glial marker BLBP were not overlapping during embryonic development, presumably indicating different types of radial glia-like cells. Before P7 GFAP-positive cells in the hilus lacked the radial orientation that is characteristic of the adult type-1 cells. DCX, which is concentrated in type-2b and type-3 progenitor cells and early postmitotic neurons in the adult, showed diffuse expression before P7. Intermediate progenitor cell marker Tbr2 became restricted to the SGZ but was found in the granule cell layer (GCL) and hilus before. Lineage markers NeuroD1 and Prox1 confirmed this pattern. We conclude that the neurogenic niche of adult neurogenesis is in place well before true adulthood. This might indicate that consistent with the hypothesized function of adult neurogenesis in activity-dependent plasticity, the early transition from postnatal neurogenesis to adult neurogenesis coincides with the time, when the young mice start to become active themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Nicola
- Genomics of Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, and CRTD DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapy, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Fabel
- Genomics of Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, and CRTD DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapy, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- Genomics of Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, and CRTD DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapy, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
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Lajud N, Torner L. Early life stress and hippocampal neurogenesis in the neonate: sexual dimorphism, long term consequences and possible mediators. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:3. [PMID: 25741234 PMCID: PMC4327304 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse early life experience decreases adult hippocampal neurogenesis and results in increased vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite that the effects of postnatal stress on neurogenesis have been widely studied in adult individuals, few efforts have been done to evaluate its immediate effects on the developing hippocampus. Moreover, it is not clear whether postnatal stress causes a differential impact in hippocampus development in male and female neonates that could be related to emotional deficits in adulthood. It has been proposed that the long term effects of early stress exposure rise from a persistent HPA axis activation during sensitive time windows; nevertheless the exact mechanisms and mediators remain unknown. Here, we summarize the immediate and late effects of early life stress on hippocampal neurogenesis in male and female rat pups, compare its later consequences in emotionality, and highlight some relevant mediator peptides that could be potentially involved in programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Lajud
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Morelia, Mexico
| | - Luz Torner
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Morelia, Mexico
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Radial Glia, the Keystone of the Development of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:131-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Förster E. Reelin, neuronal polarity and process orientation of cortical neurons. Neuroscience 2014; 269:102-11. [PMID: 24657457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deficient reelin signaling leads to characteristic layering malformations in the cerebral cortex and causes polarity defects of cortical neurons. Since the discovery of reelin much has been learned about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the characteristic defects of layering defects in the reeler mutant. More recent studies provided insights in the crosstalk between reelin signaling and molecular pathways that control polarity development of radially migrating neurons. The present review summarizes and discusses recent findings on the role of reelin in modulating polarization and process orientation of neurons in the neocortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Förster
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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