1
|
Malar DS, Thitilertdecha P, Ruckvongacheep KS, Brimson S, Tencomnao T, Brimson JM. Targeting Sigma Receptors for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:399-440. [PMID: 37166702 PMCID: PMC10173947 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-01007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor is a 223 amino acid-long protein with a recently identified structure. The sigma-2 receptor is a genetically unrelated protein with a similarly shaped binding pocket and acts to influence cellular activities similar to the sigma-1 receptor. Both proteins are highly expressed in neuronal tissues. As such, they have become targets for treating neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Rett syndrome (RS), developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE), and motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS). In recent years, there have been many pre-clinical and clinical studies of sigma receptor (1 and 2) ligands for treating neurological disease. Drugs such as blarcamesine, dextromethorphan and pridopidine, which have sigma-1 receptor activity as part of their pharmacological profile, are effective in treating multiple aspects of several neurological diseases. Furthermore, several sigma-2 receptor ligands are under investigation, including CT1812, rivastigmine and SAS0132. This review aims to provide a current and up-to-date analysis of the current clinical and pre-clinical data of drugs with sigma receptor activities for treating neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dicson S Malar
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Premrutai Thitilertdecha
- Siriraj Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokphorn S Ruckvongacheep
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirikalaya Brimson
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James M Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Research, Innovation and International Affairs, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Room 409, ChulaPat-1 Building, 154 Rama 1 Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tian Y, Li M, Zhang S, Hu J, Wu H, Wan M, Xue J, Wang L, Xiao H, Zhou G, Wang K, Liu Q. Microglia activation in the hippocampus mediates retinal degeneration-induced depressive-like behaviors via the NLRP3/IL-1β pathway. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:70-79. [PMID: 36332880 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with glaucoma are more prone to depression, but the mechanism of comorbid depression in patients with glaucoma remains unknown. Excessive neuroinflammation has been shown to participate in glaucoma-induced retinal degeneration and hippocampal neural apoptosis in depression. However, little research has been conducted to determine whether neuroinflammation contributes to glaucoma-induced depression. Since the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells is a hallmark of glaucoma, we investigated the role of microglia-induced neuroinflammation in retinal degeneration-induced depression and its potential mechanism. An N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal degeneration model was established, and behavioral tests were conducted at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after retinal degeneration. After tissue collection, we used immunohistochemistry to assess the activation of microglia and real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The mice exhibited depressive-like behaviors 14 and 21 days after retinal degeneration, based on the open field test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. Mice also displayed a lower body weight gain than the control group. In addition, microglial activation was observed in the hippocampus. Microglial proliferation was first observed in the dentate gyrus on day 3, while the number of microglia in cornu ammonis 1 grew the most. Moreover, not only was the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, and interleukin-6 promoted, but the messenger ribonucleic acid levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome were also increased. In conclusion, our research shows that NMDA-induced retinal degeneration can induce depressive-like behaviors, which may be attributed to hippocampal neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meihui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juntao Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mitchell Wan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingxin Xue
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Honglei Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guomin Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kaidi Wang
- Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ajenikoko MK, Ajagbe AO, Onigbinde OA, Okesina AA, Tijani AA. Review of Alzheimer's disease drugs and their relationship with neuron-glia interaction. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 14:64-76. [PMID: 36593897 PMCID: PMC9803919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Because Alzheimer's disease has no known treatment, sufferers and their caregivers must concentrate on symptom management. Astrocytes and microglia are now known to play distinct physiological roles in synaptic function, the blood-brain barrier, and neurovascular coupling. Consequently, the search for drugs that can slow the degenerative process in dementia sufferers continues because existing drugs are designed to alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Drugs that address pathological changes without interfering with the normal function of glia, such as eliminating amyloid-beta deposits, are prospective treatments for neuroinflammatory illnesses. Because neuron-astrocytes-microglia interactions are so complex, developing effective, preventive, and therapeutic medications for AD will necessitate novel methodologies and strategic targets. This review focused on existing medications used in treating AD amongst which include Donepezil, Choline Alphoscerate, Galantamine, Dextromethorphan, palmitoylethanolamide, citalopram, resveratrol, and solanezumab. This review summarizes the effects of these drugs on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia interactions based on their pharmacokinetic properties, mechanism of action, dosing, and clinical presentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kunle Ajenikoko
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda,Correspondence to: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda.
| | - Abayomi Oyeyemi Ajagbe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, P.M.B. 900001 Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oluwanisola Akanji Onigbinde
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, P.M.B. 900001 Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Akeem Ayodeji Okesina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Ahmad Adekilekun Tijani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Piechal A, Jakimiuk A, Mirowska-Guzel D. Sigma receptors and neurological disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1582-1594. [PMID: 34350561 PMCID: PMC8641430 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sigma receptors were identified relatively recently, and their presence has been confirmed in the central nervous system and peripheral organs. Changes in sigma receptor function or expression may be involved in neurological diseases, and thus sigma receptors represent a potential target for treating central nervous system disorders. Many substances that are ligands for sigma receptors are widely used in therapies for neurological disorders. In the present review, we discuss the roles of sigma receptors, especially in the central nervous system disorders, and related therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Piechal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Jakimiuk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brimson JM, Brimson S, Chomchoei C, Tencomnao T. Using sigma-ligands as part of a multi-receptor approach to target diseases of the brain. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:1009-1028. [PMID: 32746649 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1805435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sigma receptors are found abundantly in the central nervous system and are targets for the treatment of various diseases, including Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, for many of these diseases, other receptors and targets have been the focus of the most, such as acetylcholine esterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's and dopamine replacement in Parkinson's. The currently available drugs for these diseases have limited success resulting in the requirement of an alternative approach to their treatment. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the potential role of the sigma receptors and their ligands as part of a multi receptor approach in the treatment of the diseases mentioned above. The literature reviewed was obtained through searches in databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. EXPERT OPINION Given sigma receptor agonists provide neuroprotection along with other benefits such as potentiating the effects of other receptors, further development of multi-receptor targeting ligands, and or the development of multi-drug combinations to target multiple receptors may prove beneficial in the future treatment of degenerative diseases of the CNS, especially when coupled with better diagnostic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Michael Brimson
- Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirikalaya Brimson
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanichon Chomchoei
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lisak RP, Nedelkoska L, Benjamins JA. Sigma-1 receptor agonists as potential protective therapies in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 342:577188. [PMID: 32179326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone upregulated during ER stress, and regulates calcium homeostasis. Agonists of σ-1R are neuroprotective. ANAVEX2-73, a new σ-1R agonist, is undergoing several clinical trials. We show that ANAVEX2-73 protects oligodendroglia (OL) and oligodendroglial precursors (OPC) from apoptosis, excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and quinolinic acid (QA), associated with inflammation. ANAVEX2-73 stimulates OPC proliferation, but does not alter early maturation to OL. We previously reported that dextromethorphan (DM), another σ-1R agonist with a different structure, had similar effects. We now show that both DM and ANAVEX2-73 protect neurons from the four cytotoxic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Lisak
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Liljana Nedelkoska
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Joyce A Benjamins
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hollinger KR, Smith MD, Kirby LA, Prchalova E, Alt J, Rais R, Calabresi PA, Slusher BS. Glutamine antagonism attenuates physical and cognitive deficits in a model of MS. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2019; 6:e609. [PMID: 31467038 PMCID: PMC6745721 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the impact of JHU-083, a novel prodrug of the glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine, on immune cell proliferation and activation, along with physical and cognitive impairments associated with the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. METHODS Splenic-derived T cells and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were cultured, activated, and treated daily with vehicle or JHU-083. Proliferation and activation were measured via flow cytometry and IncuCyte live cell analysis. C57BL/6 mice were immunized for EAE. Vehicle or JHU-083 was administered orally every other day either from the time of immunization in the prevention paradigm or from the time of disease onset in the treatment paradigm. Disease scores and body weight were monitored. In the treatment paradigm, cognition was evaluated using the Barnes maze test. RESULTS JHU-083 selectively inhibits T-cell proliferation and decreases T-cell activation, with no effect on DCs. In vivo, orally administered JHU-083 significantly decreases EAE severity in both prevention and treatment paradigms and reverses EAE-induced cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS JHU-083, a well-tolerated, brain penetrable glutamine antagonist, is a promising novel treatment for both the physical and cognitive deficits of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Hollinger
- From the Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery (K.R.H., E.P., J.A., R.R., B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (K.R.H., B.S.S.), Department of Neurology (K.R.H., M.D.S., L.A.K., E.P., R.R., P.A.C., B.S.S.), Department of Neuroscience (B.S.S.), Department of Medicine (B.S.S.), Department of Oncology (B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matthew D Smith
- From the Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery (K.R.H., E.P., J.A., R.R., B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (K.R.H., B.S.S.), Department of Neurology (K.R.H., M.D.S., L.A.K., E.P., R.R., P.A.C., B.S.S.), Department of Neuroscience (B.S.S.), Department of Medicine (B.S.S.), Department of Oncology (B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Leslie A Kirby
- From the Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery (K.R.H., E.P., J.A., R.R., B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (K.R.H., B.S.S.), Department of Neurology (K.R.H., M.D.S., L.A.K., E.P., R.R., P.A.C., B.S.S.), Department of Neuroscience (B.S.S.), Department of Medicine (B.S.S.), Department of Oncology (B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eva Prchalova
- From the Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery (K.R.H., E.P., J.A., R.R., B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (K.R.H., B.S.S.), Department of Neurology (K.R.H., M.D.S., L.A.K., E.P., R.R., P.A.C., B.S.S.), Department of Neuroscience (B.S.S.), Department of Medicine (B.S.S.), Department of Oncology (B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jesse Alt
- From the Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery (K.R.H., E.P., J.A., R.R., B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (K.R.H., B.S.S.), Department of Neurology (K.R.H., M.D.S., L.A.K., E.P., R.R., P.A.C., B.S.S.), Department of Neuroscience (B.S.S.), Department of Medicine (B.S.S.), Department of Oncology (B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rana Rais
- From the Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery (K.R.H., E.P., J.A., R.R., B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (K.R.H., B.S.S.), Department of Neurology (K.R.H., M.D.S., L.A.K., E.P., R.R., P.A.C., B.S.S.), Department of Neuroscience (B.S.S.), Department of Medicine (B.S.S.), Department of Oncology (B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- From the Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery (K.R.H., E.P., J.A., R.R., B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (K.R.H., B.S.S.), Department of Neurology (K.R.H., M.D.S., L.A.K., E.P., R.R., P.A.C., B.S.S.), Department of Neuroscience (B.S.S.), Department of Medicine (B.S.S.), Department of Oncology (B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- From the Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery (K.R.H., E.P., J.A., R.R., B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (K.R.H., B.S.S.), Department of Neurology (K.R.H., M.D.S., L.A.K., E.P., R.R., P.A.C., B.S.S.), Department of Neuroscience (B.S.S.), Department of Medicine (B.S.S.), Department of Oncology (B.S.S.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Faissner S, Plemel JR, Gold R, Yong VW. Progressive multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:905-922. [PMID: 31399729 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that involves demyelination and axonal degeneration. Although substantial progress has been made in drug development for relapsing-remitting MS, treatment of the progressive forms of the disease, which are characterized clinically by the accumulation of disability in the absence of relapses, remains unsatisfactory. This unmet clinical need is related to the complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in MS progression. Chronic inflammation, which occurs behind a closed blood-brain barrier with activation of microglia and continued involvement of T cells and B cells, is a hallmark pathophysiological feature. Inflammation can enhance mitochondrial damage in neurons, which, consequently, develop an energy deficit, further reducing axonal health. The growth-inhibitory and inflammatory environment of lesions also impairs remyelination, a repair process that might protect axons from degeneration. Moreover, neurodegeneration is accelerated by the altered expression of ion channels on denuded axons. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of these disease mechanisms and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies based on these insights, including those targeting the neuroinflammatory and degenerative aspects as well as remyelination-promoting approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Faissner
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. .,Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim JY, Yoon JY, Sugiura Y, Lee SK, Park JD, Song GJ, Yang HJ. Dendropanax morbiferus leaf extract facilitates oligodendrocyte development. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190266. [PMID: 31312492 PMCID: PMC6599778 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of multiple sclerosis is effective when anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and regenerative strategies are combined. Dendropanax morbiferus (DM) has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative properties, which may be beneficial for multiple sclerosis. However, there have been no reports on the effects of DM on myelination, which is critical for regenerative processes. To know whether DM benefits myelination, we checked differentiation and myelination of oligodendrocytes (OLs) in various primary culture systems treated with DM leaf EtOH extracts or control. DM extracts increased the OL membrane size in the mixed glial and pure OL precursor cell (OPC) cultures and changed OL-lineage gene expression patterns in the OPC cultures. Western blot analysis of DM-treated OPC cultures showed upregulation of MBP and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. In myelinating cocultures, DM extracts enhanced OL differentiation, followed by increased axonal contacts and myelin gene upregulations such as Myrf, CNP and PLP. Phytochemical analysis by LC-MS/MS identified multiple components from DM extracts, containing bioactive molecules such as quercetin, cannabidiol, etc. Our results suggest DM extracts enhance OL differentiation, followed by an increase in membrane size and axonal contacts, thereby indicating enhanced myelination. In addition, we found that DM extracts contain multiple bioactive components, warranting further studies in relation to finding effective components for enhancing myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Soo-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Health Science and Daily Sports, Global Cyber University, Cheonan 31228, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Don Park
- Cheju Halla University, Jeju 63092, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun-Jee Song
- Department of Medical Science, International St Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Valent DJ, Wong WT, Chew EY, Cukras CA. Oral Dextromethorphan for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: Results From a Phase I/II Clinical Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:24. [PMID: 30584490 PMCID: PMC6300336 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.6.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The activation of microglia, the primary innate immune cell resident in the retina, produces inflammatory mediators, which underlie changes in diabetic retinopathy including increased vascular permeability. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of dextromethorphan, a drug capable of inhibiting microglial activation, in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods A single-center, prospective, open-label phase I/II clinical trial enrolled five participants with macular involving DME who received oral dextromethorphan 60 mg twice daily for 6 months as monotherapy. Main outcome variables included central retinal subfield thickness (CST), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macula sensitivity, and late leakage on fluorescein angiogram (FA). Results The study drug was well tolerated. At the primary end point of 6 months, mean CST decreased by −6.3% ± 6.8% and BCVA increased by +0.6 ± 5.11 (mean ± SEM) letters. Late leakage on FA was scored as improved in four of five study eyes. These findings were not correlated with changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), creatinine, or blood pressure. Conclusions In this proof-of-concept study, dextromethorphan administration as the primary treatment for DME was associated with decreased vascular leakage, suggesting possible therapeutic effects. Additional studies investigating the modulation of microglial activation is warranted. Translational Relevance These findings highlight microglial modulation as a potentially useful therapeutic strategy in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Valent
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wai T Wong
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine A Cukras
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu Y, Li R, Zhu J, Wu Y, Li D, Dong L, Li Y, Wen X, Yu F, Zhang H, Ni X, Du S, Li X, Xiao J, Wang J. Fibroblast growth factor 21 facilitates peripheral nerve regeneration through suppressing oxidative damage and autophagic cell death. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:497-511. [PMID: 30450828 PMCID: PMC6307793 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeking for effective drugs which are beneficial to facilitating axonal regrowth and elongation after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has gained extensive attention. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic factor that regulates blood glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, there is little concern for the potential protective effect of FGF21 on nerve regeneration after PNI and revealing related molecular mechanisms. Here, we firstly found that exogenous FGF21 administration remarkably promoted functional and morphologic recovery in a rat model of sciatic crush injury, manifesting as persistently improved motor and sensory function, enhanced axonal remyelination and regrowth and accelerated Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation. Furthermore, local FGF21 application attenuated the excessive activation of oxidative stress, which was accompanied with the activation of nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) transcription and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) phosphorylation. We detected FGF21 also suppressed autophagic cell death in SCs. Additionally, treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 or autophagy inhibitor 3‐MA partially abolishes anti‐oxidant effect and reduces SCs death. Taken together, these results indicated that the role of FGF21 in remyelination and nerve regeneration after PNI was probably related to inhibit the excessive activation of ERK/Nrf‐2 signalling‐regulated oxidative stress and autophagy‐induced cell death. Overall, our work suggests that FGF21 administration may provide a new therapy for PNI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyi Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Duohui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lupeng Dong
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangzheng Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Ni
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghu Du
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Atzmon A, Herrero M, Sharet-Eshed R, Gilad Y, Senderowitz H, Elroy-Stein O. Drug Screening Identifies Sigma-1-Receptor as a Target for the Therapy of VWM Leukodystrophy. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:336. [PMID: 30279648 PMCID: PMC6153319 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanishing white matter (VWM) disease is an autosomal genetic leukodystrophy caused by mutations in subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). The clinical symptoms exhibit progressive loss of white matter in both hemispheres of the brain, accompanied by motor functions deterioration, neurological deficits, and early death. To date there is no treatment for VWM disease. The aim of this work was to expedite rational development of a therapeutic opportunity. Our approach was to design a computer-aided strategy for an efficient and reliable screening of drug-like molecules; and to use primary cultures of fibroblasts isolated from the Eif2b5R132H/R132H VWM mouse model for screening. The abnormal mitochondria content phenotype of the mutant cells was chosen as a read-out for a simple cell-based fluorescent assay to assess the effect of the tested compounds. We obtained a hit rate of 0.04% (20 hits out of 50,000 compounds from the selected library). All primary hits decreased mitochondria content and brought it closer to WT levels. Structural similarities between our primary hits and other compounds with known targets allowed the identification of three putative cellular pathways/targets: 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), and Sigma-1-Receptor (S1R). In addition to initial experimental indication of Shh pathway impairment in VWM mouse brains, the current study provides evidence that S1R is a relevant target for pharmaceutical intervention for potential treatment of the disease. Specifically, we found lower expression level of S1R protein in fibroblasts, astrocytes, and whole brains isolated from Eif2b5R132H/R132H compared to WT mice, and confirmed that one of the hits is a direct binder of S1R, acting as agonist. Furthermore, we provide evidence that treatment of mutant mouse fibroblasts and astrocytes with various S1R agonists corrects the functional impairments of their mitochondria and prevents their need to increase their mitochondria content for compensation purposes. Moreover, S1R activation enhances the survival rate of mutant cells under ER stress conditions, bringing it to WT levels. This study marks S1R as a target for drug development toward treatment of VWM disease. Moreover, it further establishes the important connection between white matter well-being and S1R-mediated proper mitochondria/ER function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Atzmon
- The School for Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Melisa Herrero
- The School for Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reut Sharet-Eshed
- The School for Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yocheved Gilad
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Orna Elroy-Stein
- The School for Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Melanocortin receptor subtypes are expressed on cells in the oligodendroglial lineage and signal ACTH protection. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:427-435. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
14
|
Lee JM, Tan V, Lovejoy D, Braidy N, Rowe DB, Brew BJ, Guillemin GJ. Involvement of quinolinic acid in the neuropathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:346-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Langner E, Lemieszek MK, Kwiecień JM, Rajtar G, Rzeski W, Turski WA. Kynurenic Acid Induces Impairment of Oligodendrocyte Viability: On the Role of Glutamatergic Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:838-845. [PMID: 27444613 PMCID: PMC5357470 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an end stage product of tryptophan metabolism with a variety of functions in the human body, both in the central nervous system (CNS) and in other organs. Although its activity in the human brain has been widely studied and effects on neural cells were emphasized, the effect of KYNA on oligodendroglial cells remains unknown. Present study aims at describing the activity of high concentration of KYNA in OLN-93 cells. The inhibition of OLN-93 oligodendrocytes viability by KYNA in a medium with reduced serum concentration has been demonstrated. Although decreased metabolic activity of KYNA treated OLN-93 cells was shown, the cells proliferation was not altered. KYNA treatment did not alter morphology as well as expression level of cell cycle and proliferation regulating proteins. Furthermore, glutamate receptor antagonists and agonists did not alter the inhibitory effect of KYNA on viability of OLN-93 oligodendrocytes. This study contributes to the elucidation of effects of KYNA on oligodendrocytes in vitro, yet further analyses are necessary to explain the mechanisms behind the damage and loss of myelin sheaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Langner
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta K Lemieszek
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek M Kwiecień
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, M. deGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grażyna Rajtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.,Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar A Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The melanocortin ACTH 1-39 promotes protection of oligodendrocytes by astroglia. J Neurol Sci 2016; 362:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Marra A, Rossi D, Pignataro L, Bigogno C, Canta A, Oggioni N, Malacrida A, Corbo M, Cavaletti G, Peviani M, Curti D, Dondio G, Collina S. Toward the identification of neuroprotective agents: g-scale synthesis, pharmacokinetic evaluation and CNS distribution of (R)-RC-33, a promising SIGMA1 receptor agonist. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:287-95. [PMID: 26898712 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Nowadays, there is a great interest in the therapeutic potential of sigma1 receptor ligands for treating different CNS pathologies. Our previous investigations led to identify (R)-RC-33 as a potent and selective S1R agonist. RESULTS Herein, we report the gram-scale synthesis, pharmacokinetic profile and CNS distribution of (R)-RC-33 in the mouse to determine the most suitable dosage schedule for in vivo administration. For comparative purposes, the same experiments were also performed with PRE-084, the most widely used S1R agonist commonly in pharmacological experiments. DISCUSSION (R)-RC-33 shows a similar pharmacokinetic profile and a better CNS distribution when compared with PRE-084. CONCLUSION (R)-RC-33 may be a promising candidate for in vivo studies in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Marra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia-I, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia-I, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano-I, Italy
| | - Chiara Bigogno
- Aphad S.r.l., Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco Milan-I, Italy
| | - Annalisa Canta
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Surgery & Translational Medicine & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza-I, Italy
| | - Norberto Oggioni
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Surgery & Translational Medicine & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza-I, Italy
| | - Alessio Malacrida
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Surgery & Translational Medicine & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza-I, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico (CCP), via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan-I, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Surgery & Translational Medicine & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza-I, Italy
| | - Marco Peviani
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia-I, Italy
| | - Daniela Curti
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia-I, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad S.r.l., Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco Milan-I, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia-I, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oxombre B, Lee-Chang C, Duhamel A, Toussaint M, Giroux M, Donnier-Maréchal M, Carato P, Lefranc D, Zéphir H, Prin L, Melnyk P, Vermersch P. High-affinity σ1 protein agonist reduces clinical and pathological signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1769-82. [PMID: 25521311 PMCID: PMC4376455 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Selective agonists of the sigma-1 receptor (σ1 protein) are generally reported to protect against neuronal damage and modulate oligodendrocyte differentiation. Human and rodent lymphocytes possess saturable, high-affinity binding sites for compounds binding to the σ1 protein and potential immunomodulatory properties have been described for σ1 protein ligands. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is recognized as a valuable model of the inflammatory aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we have assessed the role of a σ1 protein agonist, containing the tetrahydroisoquinoline-hydantoin structure, in EAE. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH EAE was induced in SJL/J female mice by active immunization with myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)139-151 peptide. The σ1 protein agonist was injected i.p. at the time of immunization (day 0). Disease severity was assessed clinically and by histopathological evaluation of the CNS. Phenotyping of B-cell subsets and regulatory T-cells were performed by flow cytometry in spleen and cervical lymph nodes. KEY RESULTS Prophylactic treatment of EAE mice with the σ1 protein agonist prevented mononuclear cell accumulation and demyelination in brain and spinal cord and increased T2 B-cells and regulatory T-cells, resulting in an overall reduction in the clinical progression of EAE. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This σ1 protein agonist, containing the tetrahydroisoquinoline-hydantoin structure, decreased the magnitude of inflammation in EAE. This effect was associated with increased proportions of B-cell subsets and regulatory T-cells with potential immunoregulatory functions. Targeting of the σ1 protein might thus provide new therapeutic opportunities in MS.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/pathology
- Cytokines/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Lymph Nodes/drug effects
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Mice
- Multiple Sclerosis/blood
- Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Myelin Proteolipid Protein/immunology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, sigma/agonists
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Sigma-1 Receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Oxombre
- Université de LilleLille, France
- UDSL, EA2686-LIRIC, UFR MédecineLille, France
| | - C Lee-Chang
- Université de LilleLille, France
- UDSL, EA2686-LIRIC, UFR MédecineLille, France
| | - A Duhamel
- Université de LilleLille, France
- UDSL, EA 2694, UFR MédecineLille, France
| | - M Toussaint
- Université de LilleLille, France
- CNRS UMR8161Lille, France
| | - M Giroux
- Université de LilleLille, France
- UDSL, EA2686-LIRIC, UFR MédecineLille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Pôle de neurologie–Service de Neurologie DLille, France
| | - M Donnier-Maréchal
- Université de LilleLille, France
- UDSL, EA 4481, UFR PharmacieLille, France
| | - P Carato
- Université de LilleLille, France
- UDSL, EA 4481, UFR PharmacieLille, France
| | - D Lefranc
- Université de LilleLille, France
- UDSL, EA2686-LIRIC, UFR MédecineLille, France
| | - H Zéphir
- Université de LilleLille, France
- UDSL, EA2686-LIRIC, UFR MédecineLille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Pôle de neurologie–Service de Neurologie DLille, France
| | - L Prin
- Université de LilleLille, France
- UDSL, EA2686-LIRIC, UFR MédecineLille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Pôle d'immunologie–Centre de Biologie Pathologie et GénétiqueLille, France
| | - P Melnyk
- Université de LilleLille, France
- CNRS UMR8161Lille, France
- UDSL, EA 4481, UFR PharmacieLille, France
- Inserm UMR-S1172, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research CenterLille, France
| | - P Vermersch
- Université de LilleLille, France
- UDSL, EA2686-LIRIC, UFR MédecineLille, France
- UDSL, EA 4481, UFR PharmacieLille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schwartz SG, Flynn HW, Scott IU. Emerging drugs for diabetic macular edema. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2014; 19:397-405. [PMID: 25141904 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2014.938048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy. The treatment of DME has recently undergone a paradigm shift. Traditionally, photocoagulation was standard treatment, but pharmacologic therapies are becoming increasingly used for this purpose. All currently available drug therapies for DME are either anti-VEGF agents or corticosteroids. AREAS COVERED The pathogenesis of DME involves angiogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress. The scientific rationale to treat DME through the pharmacologic blockade of VEGF and other pro-angiogenic factors is discussed. The fluocinolone insert is approved for the treatment of DME in several European countries, but not in the US at this time. Some medications that are already approved for other retinal diseases, most prominently aflibercept and the dexamethasone delivery system, have recently obtained approval for DME in the US. Other compounds are being studied in earlier-phase clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacologic treatment of DME will likely become increasingly used, especially for patients with edema involving the fovea. At this time, the two main classes of medication for treatment of DME are anti-VEGF agents and corticosteroids. As we continue to collect clinical trials data, the precise role of individual agents, and the continuing role for photocoagulation, will become more clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Schwartz
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute , 311 9th Street North, #100, Naples, FL 34102 , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|