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Chadarevian JP, Hasselmann J, Lahian A, Capocchi JK, Escobar A, Lim TE, Le L, Tu C, Nguyen J, Kiani Shabestari S, Carlen-Jones W, Gandhi S, Bu G, Hume DA, Pridans C, Wszolek ZK, Spitale RC, Davtyan H, Blurton-Jones M. Therapeutic potential of human microglia transplantation in a chimeric model of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00370-2. [PMID: 38897209 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Microglia replacement strategies are increasingly being considered for the treatment of primary microgliopathies like adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). However, available mouse models fail to recapitulate the diverse neuropathologies and reduced microglia numbers observed in patients. In this study, we generated a xenotolerant mouse model lacking the fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE) enhancer within Csf1r, which develops nearly all the hallmark pathologies associated with ALSP. Remarkably, transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglial (iMG) progenitors restores a homeostatic microglial signature and prevents the development of axonal spheroids, white matter abnormalities, reactive astrocytosis, and brain calcifications. Furthermore, transplantation of CRISPR-corrected ALSP-patient-derived iMG reverses pre-existing spheroids, astrogliosis, and calcification pathologies. Together with the accompanying study by Munro and colleagues, our results demonstrate the utility of FIRE mice to model ALSP and provide compelling evidence that iMG transplantation could offer a promising new therapeutic strategy for ALSP and perhaps other microglia-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Chadarevian
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Hasselmann
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alina Lahian
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joia K Capocchi
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Escobar
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tau En Lim
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Le
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christina Tu
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Nguyen
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sepideh Kiani Shabestari
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William Carlen-Jones
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sunil Gandhi
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh Center for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Robert C Spitale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Han Y, Han J, Li Z, Chen S, Liu J, Zhou R, Zhao S, Li D, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Hao J, Chai G. Identification and characterization of a novel intronic splicing mutation in CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14815. [PMID: 38922778 PMCID: PMC11194178 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease caused by CSF1R gene mutations. This study aimed to identify and investigate the effect of a novel intronic mutation (c.1754-3C>G) of CSF1R on splicing. METHODS A novel intronic mutation was identified using whole-exome sequencing. To investigate the impact of this mutation, we employed various bioinformatics tools to analyze the transcription of the CSF1R gene and the three-dimensional structure of its encoded protein. Furthermore, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to validate the findings. RESULTS A novel mutation (c.1754-3C>G) in CSF1R was identified, which results in exon 13 skipping due to the disruption of the 3' splice site consensus sequence NYAG/G. This exon skipping event was further validated in the peripheral blood of the mutation carrier through RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Protein structure prediction indicated a disruption in the tyrosine kinase domain, with the truncated protein showing significant structural alterations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the importance of intronic mis-splicing mutations in the diagnosis and management of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilai Han
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Ruxing Zhou
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Shufang Zhao
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Guoliang Chai
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological DisordersBeijingChina
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research CenterBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical ResearchBeijingChina
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3
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Chitu V, Biundo F, Oppong-Asare J, Gökhan Ş, Aguilan JT, Dulski J, Wszolek ZK, Sidoli S, Stanley ER. Prophylactic effect of chronic immunosuppression in a mouse model of CSF-1 receptor-related leukoencephalopathy. Glia 2023; 71:2664-2678. [PMID: 37519044 PMCID: PMC10529087 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations leading to colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) loss-of-function or haploinsufficiency cause CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy (CRL), an adult-onset disease characterized by loss of myelin and neurodegeneration, for which there is no effective therapy. Symptom onset usually occurs in the fourth decade of life and the penetrance of disease in carriers is high. However, familial studies have identified a few carriers of pathogenic CSF1R mutations that remain asymptomatic even in their seventh decade of life, raising the possibility that the development and severity of disease might be influenced by environmental factors. Here we report new cases in which long-term glucocorticoid treatment is associated with asymptomatic status in elder carriers of pathogenic CSF-1R mutations. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the link between chronic immunosuppression initiated pre-symptomatically and resistance to the development of symptomatic CRL, in the Csf1r+/- mouse model. We show that chronic prednisone administration prevents the development of memory, motor coordination and social interaction deficits, as well as the demyelination, neurodegeneration and microgliosis associated with these deficits. These findings are in agreement with the preliminary clinical observations and support the concept that pre-symptomatic immunosuppression is protective in patients carrying pathogenic CSF1R variants associated with CRL. Proteomic analysis of microglia and oligodendrocytes indicates that prednisone suppresses processes involved in microglial activation and alleviates senescence and improves fitness of oligodendrocytes. This analysis also identifies new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jude Oppong-Asare
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Şölen Gökhan
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jennifer T. Aguilan
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Dulski
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Neurology Department, St Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL Ltd., Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Stanley ER, Biundo F, Gökhan Ş, Chitu V. Differential regulation of microglial states by colony stimulating factors. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1275935. [PMID: 37964794 PMCID: PMC10642290 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1275935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have emphasized the role of microglia in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. The colony stimulating factors, CSF-1 (M-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) regulate microglia through different cognate receptors. While the receptors for GM-CSF (GM-CSFR) and G-CSF (G-CSFR) are specific for their ligands, CSF-1 shares its receptor, the CSF-1 receptor-tyrosine kinase (CSF-1R), with interleukin-34 (IL-34). All four cytokines are expressed locally in the CNS. Activation of the CSF-1R in macrophages is anti-inflammatory. In contrast, the actions of GM-CSF and G-CSF elicit different activated states. We here review the roles of each of these cytokines in the CNS and how they contribute to the development of disease in a mouse model of CSF-1R-related leukodystrophy. Understanding their roles in this model may illuminate their contribution to the development or exacerbation of other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Şölen Gökhan
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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5
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Biundo F, Chitu V, Gökhan Ş, Chen E, Oppong-Asare J, Stanley ER. Trem2 Enhances Demyelination in the Csf1r+/- Mouse Model of Leukoencephalopathy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2094. [PMID: 37626591 PMCID: PMC10452898 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R)-related leukoencephalopathy (CRL) is a neurodegenerative disease that triggers early demyelination, leading to an adult-onset dementia. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is a microglial receptor that promotes the activation of microglia and phagocytic clearance of apoptotic neurons and myelin debris. We investigated the role of Trem2 in the demyelination observed in the Csf1r+/- mouse model of CRL. We show that elevation of Trem2 expression and callosal demyelination occur in 4-5-month-old Csf1r+/- mice, prior to the development of symptoms. Absence of Trem2 in the Csf1r+/- mouse attenuated myelin pathology and normalized microglial densities and morphology in the corpus callosum. Trem2 absence also prevented axonal degeneration and the loss of cortical layer V neurons observed in Csf1r+/- mice. Furthermore, the absence of Trem2 prevented the accumulation of myelin-derived lipids in Csf1r+/- macrophages and reduced the production of TNF-α after myelin engulfment. These data suggest that TREM2 contributes to microglial dyshomeostasis in CRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Şölen Gökhan
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Edward Chen
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jude Oppong-Asare
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Dulski J, Souza J, Santos ML, Wszolek ZK. Brain abnormalities, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis (BANDDOS): new cases, systematic literature review, and associations with CSF1R-ALSP. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:160. [PMID: 37349768 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CSF1R mutations cause autosomal-dominant CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (CSF1R-ALSP) and autosomal-recessive brain abnormalities, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis (BANDDOS). The former is increasingly recognized, and disease-modifying therapy was introduced; however, literature is scarce on the latter. This review analyzes BANDDOS and discusses similarities and differences with CSF1R-ALSP.We systematically retrieved and analyzed the clinical, genetic, radiological, and pathological data on the previously reported and our cases with BANDDOS. We identified 19 patients with BANDDOS (literature search according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines: n = 16, our material: n = 3). We found 11 CSF1R mutations, including splicing (n = 3), missense (n = 3), nonsense (n = 2), and intronic (n = 2) variants and one inframe deletion. All mutations disrupted the tyrosine kinase domain or resulted in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The material is heterogenous, and the presented information refers to the number of patients with sufficient data on specific symptoms, results, or performed procedures. The first symptoms occurred in the perinatal period (n = 5), infancy (n = 2), childhood (n = 5), and adulthood (n = 1). Dysmorphic features were present in 7/17 cases. Neurological symptoms included speech disturbances (n = 13/15), cognitive decline (n = 12/14), spasticity/rigidity (n = 12/15), hyperactive tendon reflex (n = 11/14), pathological reflexes (n = 8/11), seizures (n = 9/16), dysphagia (n = 9/12), developmental delay (n = 7/14), infantile hypotonia (n = 3/11), and optic nerve atrophy (n = 2/7). Skeletal deformities were observed in 13/17 cases and fell within the dysosteosclerosis - Pyle disease spectrum. Brain abnormalities included white matter changes (n = 19/19), calcifications (n = 15/18), agenesis of corpus callosum (n = 12/16), ventriculomegaly (n = 13/19), Dandy-Walker complex (n = 7/19), and cortical abnormalities (n = 4/10). Three patients died in infancy, two in childhood, and one case at unspecified age. A single brain autopsy evidenced multiple brain anomalies, absence of corpus callosum, absence of microglia, severe white matter atrophy with axonal spheroids, gliosis, and numerous dystrophic calcifications.In conclusion, BANDDOS presents in the perinatal period or infancy and has a devastating course with congenital brain abnormalities, developmental delay, neurological deficits, osteopetrosis, and dysmorphic features. There is a significant overlap in the clinical, radiological, and neuropathological aspects between BANDDOS and CSF1R-ALSP. As both disorders are on the same continuum, there is a window of opportunity to apply available therapy in CSF1R-ALSP to BANDDOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Dulski
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
- Neurology Department, St Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL Ltd, Gdansk, 80-462, Poland
| | - Josiane Souza
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Infantil Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Mara Lúcia Santos
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Infantil Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, 80240-020, Brazil
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Li X, Hu B, Guan X, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Sun H, Zhang X, Li Y, Huang X, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xu H, Zhang YW, Wang Z, Zheng H. Minocycline protects against microgliopathy in a Csf1r haplo-insufficient mouse model of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:134. [PMID: 37259140 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) are known to cause adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP), which has been recently demonstrated as a primary microgliopathy characterized by cognitive impairment. Although the molecular mechanism underlying CSF1R-mediated microgliopathy remains unclear, therapeutic strategies have generally targeted modulation of microglial function. In particular, the microglial inhibitor, minocycline, has been shown to attenuate learning and memory deficits in several neurodegenerative diseases. The objectives of this study were to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying ALSP and to explore the therapeutic effects of minocycline in an in vivo model of ALSP. We hypothesized that inhibiting microglial activation via minocycline could reverse the behavior and pathological defects in ALSP model mice. METHODS We generated a Csf1r haploinsufficiency mouse model of ALSP using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and conducted electrophysiological recordings of long-term potentiation (LTP) and behavioral tests to validate the recapitulation of clinical ALSP characteristics in 8- to 11-month-old mice. RNA-sequencing was used to explore enriched gene expression in the molecular pathogenesis of ALSP. Microglial activation was assessed by immunofluorescent detection of Iba1 and CD68 in brain sections of male ALSP mice and pro-inflammatory activation and phagocytosis were assessed in Csf1r+/- microglia. Therapeutic effects were assessed by behavioral tests, histological analysis, and morphological examination after four weeks of intraperitoneal injection with minocycline or vehicle control in Csf1r+/- mice and wild-type control littermates. RESULTS We found that synaptic function was reduced in LTP recordings of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, while behavioral tests showed impaired spatial and cognitive memory specifically in male Csf1r+/- mice. Increased activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and enhanced phagocytic capacity were also observed in Csf1r+/- microglia. Treatment with minocycline could suppress the activation of Csf1r+/- microglia both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the behavioral and pathological deficits in Csf1r+/- mice were partially rescued by minocycline administration, potentially due to inhibition of microglial inflammation and phagocytosis in Csf1r+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that CSF1R deficiency results in aberrant microglial activation, characterized by a pro-inflammatory phenotype and enhanced phagocytosis of myelin. Our results also indicate that microglial inhibition by minocycline can ameliorate behavioral impairment and ALSP pathogenesis in CSF1R-deficient male mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. Collectively, these data support that minocycline confers protective effects against CSF1R-related microgliopathy in male ALSP model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Banglian Hu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
- Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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Bergner CG, Schäfer L, Vucinic V, Schetschorke B, Lier J, Scherlach C, Rullmann M, Sabri O, Classen J, Platzbecker U, Kühl JS, Barthel H, Köhler W, Franke GN. Case report: Treatment of advanced CSF1-receptor associated leukoencephalopathy with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1163107. [PMID: 37292133 PMCID: PMC10246448 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1163107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CSF1 receptor-related leukoencephalopathy is a rare genetic disorder presenting with severe, adult-onset white matter dementia as one of the leading symptoms. Within the central nervous system, the affected CSF1-receptor is expressed exclusively in microglia cells. Growing evidence implicates that replacing the defective microglia with healthy donor cells through hematopoietic stem cell transplant might halt disease progression. Early initiation of that treatment is crucial to limit persistent disability. However, which patients are suitable for this treatment is not clear, and imaging biomarkers that specifically depict lasting structural damage are lacking. In this study, we report on two patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy in whom allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant at advanced disease stages led to clinical stabilization. We compare their disease course with that of two patients admitted in the same timeframe to our hospital, considered too late for treatment, and place our cases in context with the respective literature. We propose that the rate of clinical progression might be a suitable stratification measure for treatment amenability in patients. Furthermore, for the first time we evaluate [18F] florbetaben, a PET tracer known to bind to intact myelin, as a novel MRI-adjunct tool to image white matter damage in CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. In conclusion, our data add evidence for allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant as a promising treatment in CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy patients with slow to moderate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G. Bergner
- Department of Neurology, Leukodystrophy Clinic, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Schäfer
- Department of Neurology, Leukodystrophy Clinic, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vladan Vucinic
- Medical Department, Hematology, Cellular Therapies and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birthe Schetschorke
- Medical Department, Hematology, Cellular Therapies and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Lier
- Department of Neurology, Leukodystrophy Clinic, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cordula Scherlach
- Department of Radiology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, Leukodystrophy Clinic, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Medical Department, Hematology, Cellular Therapies and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörn-Sven Kühl
- Department Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Köhler
- Department of Neurology, Leukodystrophy Clinic, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg-Nikolaus Franke
- Medical Department, Hematology, Cellular Therapies and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Biundo F, Chitu V, Tindi J, Burghardt NS, Shlager GGL, Ketchum HC, DeTure MA, Dickson DW, Wszolek ZK, Khodakhah K, Stanley ER. Elevated granulocyte colony stimulating factor (CSF) causes cerebellar deficits and anxiety in a model of CSF-1 receptor related leukodystrophy. Glia 2023; 71:775-794. [PMID: 36433736 PMCID: PMC9868112 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colony stimulating factor (CSF) receptor-1 (CSF-1R)-related leukoencephalopathy (CRL) is an adult-onset, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations in CSF1R, modeled by the Csf1r+/- mouse. The expression of Csf2, encoding granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and of Csf3, encoding granulocyte CSF (G-CSF), are elevated in both mouse and human CRL brains. While monoallelic targeting of Csf2 has been shown to attenuate many behavioral and histological deficits of Csf1r+/- mice, including cognitive dysfunction and demyelination, the contribution of Csf3 has not been explored. In the present study, we investigate the behavioral, electrophysiological and histopathological phenotypes of Csf1r+/- mice following monoallelic targeting of Csf3. We show that Csf3 heterozygosity normalized the Csf3 levels in Csf1r+/- mouse brains and ameliorated anxiety-like behavior, motor coordination and social interaction deficits, but not the cognitive impairment of Csf1r+/- mice. Csf3 heterozygosity failed to prevent callosal demyelination. However, consistent with its effects on behavior, Csf3 heterozygosity normalized microglial morphology in the cerebellum and in the ventral, but not in the dorsal hippocampus. Csf1r+/- mice exhibited altered firing activity in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) associated with increased engulfment of glutamatergic synapses by DCN microglia and increased deposition of the complement factor C1q on glutamatergic synapses. These phenotypes were significantly ameliorated by monoallelic deletion of Csf3. Our current and earlier findings indicate that G-CSF and GM-CSF play largely non-overlapping roles in CRL-like disease development in Csf1r+/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaafar Tindi
- The Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nesha S. Burghardt
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel G. L. Shlager
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Harmony C. Ketchum
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kamran Khodakhah
- The Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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10
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Chitu V, Gökhan Ş, Stanley ER. Modeling CSF-1 receptor deficiency diseases - how close are we? FEBS J 2022; 289:5049-5073. [PMID: 34145972 PMCID: PMC8684558 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) in macrophage and organismal development has been extensively studied in mouse. Within the last decade, mutations in the CSF1R have been shown to cause rare diseases of both pediatric (Brain Abnormalities, Neurodegeneration, and Dysosteosclerosis, OMIM #618476) and adult (CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy, OMIM #221820) onset. Here we review the genetics, penetrance, and histopathological features of these diseases and discuss to what extent the animal models of Csf1r deficiency currently available provide systems in which to study the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 10461, USA
| | - Şölen Gökhan
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 10461, USA
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 10461, USA
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11
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Nowacki JC, Fields AM, Fu MM. Emerging cellular themes in leukodystrophies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902261. [PMID: 36003149 PMCID: PMC9393611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are a broad spectrum of neurological disorders that are characterized primarily by deficiencies in myelin formation. Clinical manifestations of leukodystrophies usually appear during childhood and common symptoms include lack of motor coordination, difficulty with or loss of ambulation, issues with vision and/or hearing, cognitive decline, regression in speech skills, and even seizures. Many cases of leukodystrophy can be attributed to genetic mutations, but they have diverse inheritance patterns (e.g., autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-linked) and some arise from de novo mutations. In this review, we provide an updated overview of 35 types of leukodystrophies and focus on cellular mechanisms that may underlie these disorders. We find common themes in specialized functions in oligodendrocytes, which are specialized producers of membranes and myelin lipids. These mechanisms include myelin protein defects, lipid processing and peroxisome dysfunction, transcriptional and translational dysregulation, disruptions in cytoskeletal organization, and cell junction defects. In addition, non-cell-autonomous factors in astrocytes and microglia, such as autoimmune reactivity, and intercellular communication, may also play a role in leukodystrophy onset. We hope that highlighting these themes in cellular dysfunction in leukodystrophies may yield conceptual insights on future therapeutic approaches.
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12
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Stables J, Green EK, Sehgal A, Patkar OL, Keshvari S, Taylor I, Ashcroft ME, Grabert K, Wollscheid-Lengeling E, Szymkowiak S, McColl BW, Adamson A, Humphreys NE, Mueller W, Starobova H, Vetter I, Shabestari SK, Blurton-Jones MM, Summers KM, Irvine KM, Pridans C, Hume DA. A kinase-dead Csf1r mutation associated with adult-onset leukoencephalopathy has a dominant inhibitory impact on CSF1R signalling. Development 2022; 149:274819. [PMID: 35333324 PMCID: PMC9002114 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid substitutions in the kinase domain of the human CSF1R gene are associated with autosomal dominant adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). To model the human disease, we created a disease-associated mutation (pGlu631Lys; E631K) in the mouse Csf1r locus. Homozygous mutation (Csf1rE631K/E631K) phenocopied the Csf1r knockout, with prenatal mortality or severe postnatal growth retardation and hydrocephalus. Heterozygous mutation delayed the postnatal expansion of tissue macrophage populations in most organs. Bone marrow cells from Csf1rE631K/+mice were resistant to CSF1 stimulation in vitro, and Csf1rE631K/+ mice were unresponsive to administration of a CSF1-Fc fusion protein, which expanded tissue macrophage populations in controls. In the brain, microglial cell numbers and dendritic arborisation were reduced in Csf1rE631K/+ mice, as in patients with ALSP. The microglial phenotype is the opposite of microgliosis observed in Csf1r+/- mice. However, we found no evidence of brain pathology or impacts on motor function in aged Csf1rE631K/+ mice. We conclude that heterozygous disease-associated CSF1R mutations compromise CSF1R signalling. We speculate that leukoencephalopathy associated with dominant human CSF1R mutations requires an environmental trigger and/or epistatic interaction with common neurodegenerative disease-associated alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Stables
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Emma K Green
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Isis Taylor
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Maisie E Ashcroft
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kathleen Grabert
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Evi Wollscheid-Lengeling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Université du Luxembourg, Belvaux, L-4401, Luxembourg
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Antony Adamson
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neil E Humphreys
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Werner Mueller
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences & School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences & School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | | | | | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
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13
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Hu B, Duan S, Wang Z, Li X, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Zhang YW, Xu H, Zheng H. Insights Into the Role of CSF1R in the Central Nervous System and Neurological Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:789834. [PMID: 34867307 PMCID: PMC8634759 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.789834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor modulating microglial homeostasis, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). CSF1R, which can be proteolytically cleaved into a soluble ectodomain and an intracellular protein fragment, supports the survival of myeloid cells upon activation by two ligands, colony stimulating factor 1 and interleukin 34. CSF1R loss-of-function mutations are the major cause of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) and its dysfunction has also been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we review the physiological functions of CSF1R in the CNS and its pathological effects in neurological disorders including ALSP, AD, frontotemporal dementia and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of CSF1R is critical for developing targeted therapies for related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banglian Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengshun Duan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Chitu V, Biundo F, Stanley ER. Colony stimulating factors in the nervous system. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101511. [PMID: 34743926 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although traditionally seen as regulators of hematopoiesis, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have emerged as important players in the nervous system, both in health and disease. This review summarizes the cellular sources, patterns of expression and physiological roles of the macrophage (CSF-1, IL-34), granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CSF) and granulocyte (G-CSF) colony stimulating factors within the nervous system, with a particular focus on their actions on microglia. CSF-1 and IL-34, via the CSF-1R, are required for the development, proliferation and maintenance of essentially all CNS microglia in a temporal and regional specific manner. In contrast, in steady state, GM-CSF and G-CSF are mainly involved in regulation of microglial function. The alterations in expression of these growth factors and their receptors, that have been reported in several neurological diseases, are described and the outcomes of their therapeutic targeting in mouse models and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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15
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Crapser JD, Arreola MA, Tsourmas KI, Green KN. Microglia as hackers of the matrix: sculpting synapses and the extracellular space. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2472-2488. [PMID: 34413489 PMCID: PMC8546068 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia shape the synaptic environment in health and disease, but synapses do not exist in a vacuum. Instead, pre- and postsynaptic terminals are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM), which together with glia comprise the four elements of the contemporary tetrapartite synapse model. While research in this area is still just beginning, accumulating evidence points toward a novel role for microglia in regulating the ECM during normal brain homeostasis, and such processes may, in turn, become dysfunctional in disease. As it relates to synapses, microglia are reported to modify the perisynaptic matrix, which is the diffuse matrix that surrounds dendritic and axonal terminals, as well as perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized reticular formations of compact ECM that enwrap neuronal subsets and stabilize proximal synapses. The interconnected relationship between synapses and the ECM in which they are embedded suggests that alterations in one structure necessarily affect the dynamics of the other, and microglia may need to sculpt the matrix to modify the synapses within. Here, we provide an overview of the microglial regulation of synapses, perisynaptic matrix, and PNNs, propose candidate mechanisms by which these structures may be modified, and present the implications of such modifications in normal brain homeostasis and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Crapser
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Miguel A. Arreola
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Kate I. Tsourmas
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Kim N. Green
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
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16
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Arreola MA, Soni N, Crapser JD, Hohsfield LA, Elmore MRP, Matheos DP, Wood MA, Swarup V, Mortazavi A, Green KN. Microglial dyshomeostasis drives perineuronal net and synaptic loss in a CSF1R +/- mouse model of ALSP, which can be rescued via CSF1R inhibitors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1601. [PMID: 34433559 PMCID: PMC8386924 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). We sought to identify the role of microglial CSF1R haploinsufficiency in mediating pathogenesis. Using an inducible Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+-Csf1r +/fl system, we found that postdevelopmental, microglia-specific Csf1r haploinsufficiency resulted in reduced expression of homeostatic microglial markers. This was associated with loss of presynaptic surrogates and the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure perineuronal nets. Similar phenotypes were observed in constitutive global Csf1r haploinsufficient mice and could be reversed/prevented by microglia elimination in adulthood. As microglial elimination is unlikely to be clinically feasible for extended durations, we treated adult CSF1R+/- mice at different disease stages with a microglia-modulating dose of the CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622, which prevented microglial dyshomeostasis along with synaptic- and ECM-related deficits. These data highlight microglial dyshomeostasis as a driver of pathogenesis and show that CSF1R inhibition can mitigate these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Arreola
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Neelakshi Soni
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Joshua D Crapser
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lindsay A Hohsfield
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Monica R P Elmore
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dina P Matheos
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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17
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Tipton PW, Kenney-Jung D, Rush BK, Middlebrooks EH, Nascene D, Singh B, Holtan S, Ayala E, Broderick DF, Lund T, Wszolek ZK. Treatment of CSF1R-Related Leukoencephalopathy: Breaking New Ground. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2901-2909. [PMID: 34329526 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no cure. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been proposed as a disease-modifying treatment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effect of HSCT on disease progression. METHODS We collected all available clinical data from a cohort of 7 patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy who underwent HSCT at our institutions. Clinical data included detailed neurological examination by a board-certified neurologist, serial cognitive screens, formal neuropsychological evaluations, and serial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Our patients had an average disease duration of 27.6 months at the time of transplant, and we have 87 months of total posttransplant follow-up time (median, 11; range, 2-27). One patient died in the periprocedural period. The remaining patients showed a variable response to treatment, with 6 of 7 patients trending toward stabilization on motor examination, cognitive scores, and/or MRI abnormalities, especially with white matter lesion burden. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest series of patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy receiving HSCT. We conclude that HSCT can stabilize the disease in some patients. Variability in patient responsiveness suggests that measures of disease heterogeneity and severity need to be considered when evaluating a patient's candidacy for transplant. HSCT appears to be the first disease-modifying therapy for CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. This milestone may serve as a foothold toward better understanding the disease's pathomechanism, thus providing new opportunities for better disease-specific therapies. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Tipton
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Kenney-Jung
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Beth K Rush
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - David Nascene
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Balvindar Singh
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shernan Holtan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ernesto Ayala
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Troy Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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18
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Tipton PW, Stanley ER, Chitu V, Wszolek ZK. Is Pre-Symptomatic Immunosuppression Protective in CSF1R-Related Leukoencephalopathy? Mov Disord 2021; 36:852-856. [PMID: 33590562 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Tipton
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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19
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Patkar OL, Caruso M, Teakle N, Keshvari S, Bush SJ, Pridans C, Belmer A, Summers KM, Irvine KM, Hume DA. Analysis of homozygous and heterozygous Csf1r knockout in the rat as a model for understanding microglial function in brain development and the impacts of human CSF1R mutations. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 151:105268. [PMID: 33450391 PMCID: PMC7941205 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human CSF1R gene have been associated with dominant and recessive forms of neurodegenerative disease. Here we describe the impacts of Csf1r mutation in the rat on development of the brain. Diffusion imaging indicated small reductions in major fiber tracts that may be associated in part with ventricular enlargement. RNA-seq profiling revealed a set of 105 microglial markers depleted in all brain regions of the Csf1rko rats. There was no evidence of region or sex-specific expression of microglia-associated transcripts. Other than the microglial signature, Csf1rko had no effect on any neuronal or region-specific transcript cluster. Expression of markers of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, dopaminergic neurons and Purkinje cells was minimally affected. However, there were defects in dendritic arborization of doublecortin-positive neurogenic precursors and expression of poly-sialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PS-NCAM) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Heterozygous Csf1rko rats had no detectable brain phenotype. We conclude that most brain developmental processes occur normally in the absence of microglia and that CSF1R haploinsufficiency is unlikely to cause leukoencephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ngari Teakle
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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