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Hossain MK, Islam MN, Uddin MT, Hossain MS. Understanding the impact of socioeconomic and health factors on geriatric depression: A comparative study in rural and urban Bangladesh. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1849. [PMID: 38299207 PMCID: PMC10826238 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The prevalence of depression among the elderly is a growing concern, and this study examines the differences between urban and rural areas in terms of geriatric depression. Methods Using a two-stage random sampling approach in urban areas and a multistage random sampling approach in rural areas, the study surveyed 944 elderly individuals of both sexes. Results The results indicate that the prevalence of depression was high, with 52.5% of the elderly population experiencing mild to severe depression. The study found that increasing age, female gender, nuclear family structure, and involvement of housewives or others were significant factors affecting depression in urban areas, while increasing age and elderly people without spouses were significant factors in rural areas. Additionally, the study identified hearing impairment, asthma, and arthritis as risk factors for depression in rural areas, and bronchitis, heart disease, and thyroid illness as significant factors in urban areas. Conclusion These findings highlight the need for policymakers to focus on addressing the mental health needs of older people, particularly women and those without spouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kamal Hossain
- Department of StatisticsBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityGopalganjBangladesh
| | - Md. Nazrul Islam
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Mohammed Taj Uddin
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md Sabbir Hossain
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
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Restout J, Bernache-Assollant I, Morizio C, Boujut A, Angelini L, Tchalla A, Perrochon A. Fully Immersive Virtual Reality Using 360° Videos to Manage Well-Being in Older Adults: A Scoping Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:564-572. [PMID: 36758621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of negative behavioral and psychosocial factors (depression, anxiety, apathy, etc) is associated with poor well-being, which can contribute to health issues in ageing, especially in the context of COVID-19. Despite its relative novelty, fully immersive virtual reality (VR) interventions through 360° immersive videos are becoming more accessible and flexible and constitute an emerging method to potentially enhance well-being. The aim of this scoping review is to assess the effectiveness of 360° interventions on well-being in older adults with or without cognitive impairment, as well as cybersickness and attitudes toward this technology. DESIGN Scoping review. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Older adults with or without cognitive impairment. METHODS The PRISMA-SR guideline was followed. Four databases were used, and we selected articles published until April 2022. We have analyzed the effect of 360° videos on the well-being of older adults with respect to the study design, the population, the contents, the duration of intervention, and the outcomes. RESULTS A total of 2262 articles were screened, of which 10 articles were finally included in this review. Most of them are pilot studies and used mixed methods including scales and interviews. The material and content of VR are diversified. Many behavioral and psychological outcomes were assessed, including anxiety, apathy, loneliness, depression, social engagement, quality of life, and emotions. The results were positive or mixed, according to the outcomes. We recorded few adverse events, and the interviews show contrasting results concerning the participants' feelings (ie, degree of immersion, familiarity with technology, and VR content). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The use of VR 360° videos seems feasible in community-dwelling older adults or residential aged care facilities, as they are safe and provide enjoyment. It constitutes an emerging and promising therapeutic tool to manage psychosocial disorders. This review provides key considerations for the design and implementation of interventions using VR 360° video in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Restout
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR20217, Limoges, France
| | | | - C Morizio
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR20217, Limoges, France
| | - A Boujut
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR20217, Limoges, France; 3iL Groupe, Limoges, France
| | - L Angelini
- School of Management Fribourg, HES-SO, Fribourg, Switzerland; Humantech Institute, HES-SO, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - A Tchalla
- CHU de Limoges, Pôle HU gérontologie clinique, Limoges, France; Laboratoire VieSanté, UR 24134 (Vieillissement, Fragilité, Prévention, e-Santé), IFR OMEGA HEALTH, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - A Perrochon
- Université de Limoges, HAVAE, UR20217, Limoges, France.
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Sayed TA, Mahmoud OAA, Hadad S. Early versus late onset depression: sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Late-onset depression is different from early-onset depression in its sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and risk factors. This study aimed to demonstrate the differences in sociodemographic characteristics as well as clinical presentation between late-onset depression (after the age of 60 years) and early-onset depression (before the age of 45 years) and to determine the sociodemographic risk factors for late onset depression. Fifty-five patients between 18 and 45 years of age (group 1) and 55 patients aged 60 years and above (group 2) diagnosed for the first time with major depressive disorder were compared regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. They were recruited from the psychiatric clinic at Sohag University Hospital. All participants were subjected to a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV), sociodemographic data form, Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II), and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES).
Results
The patients in group 2 were more commonly single (29%), employed (74.54%), living in rural areas (56.36%), and had high school education (41.81%). While the patients in group 2 were more commonly widows (18.18%), unemployed (61.81%), had less than high school education (47.27%), and had chronic diseases (78.81%). Significant risk factors for late onset depression are being widow, unemployed, having low socioeconomic status, and having a chronic medical disease. Patients with late-onset depression were more commonly presented with apathy, cognitive impairment, and somatic symptoms, as well as sleep disturbance (mean±SD 57±6, 70.9%, 61.81%, and 81.81%, respectively) than early-onset depression (mean±SD 49± 4, 47.27%, 36.36%, and 70.9%, respectively).
Conclusions
Cases with late onset depression are featured by being unemployed, widow, having low socioeconomic status and low educational level, suffering from a chronic medical condition and living in an urban area. In late onset depression, somatic symptoms, apathy, sleep disturbances, as well as cognitive impairment are prevalent presenting symptoms.
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Stamovlasis D, Giannouli V, Vaiopoulou J, Tsolaki M. Catastrophe Theory Applied to Neuropsychological Data: Nonlinear Effects of Depression on Financial Capacity in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1089. [PMID: 36010753 PMCID: PMC9407425 DOI: 10.3390/e24081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Financial incapacity is one of the cognitive deficits observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and dementia, while the combined interference of depression remains unexplored. The objective of this research is to investigate and propose a nonlinear model that explains empirical data better than ordinary linear ones and elucidates the role of depression. Four hundred eighteen (418) participants with a diagnosis of amnestic MCI with varying levels of depression were examined with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Functional Rating Scale for Symptoms of Dementia (FRSSD), and the Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS). Cusp catastrophe analysis was applied to the data, which suggested that the nonlinear model was superior to the linear and logistic alternatives, demonstrating depression contributes to a bifurcation effect. Depressive symptomatology induces nonlinear effects, that is, beyond a threshold value sudden decline in financial capacity is observed. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stamovlasis
- School of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vaitsa Giannouli
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54634 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julie Vaiopoulou
- Department of Education, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54634 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Alzheimer Hellas, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTh), Balkan Center, Buildings A & B, Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bedaso A, Mekonnen N, Duko B. Estimate of the prevalence of depression among older people in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1095-1105. [PMID: 34129417 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1932740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression among elderly people in Africa. METHOD We have searched CINAHIL, PubMed, SCOPUS and Psych-INFO databases to identify important observational studies which reported the prevalence of depression among the elderly. We used a random-effects model due to reported heterogeneity among the included studies. The publication bias was examined by using Egger's test, visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots and adjusted using Duval and Tweedie's Trim and Fill analysis. We have meta-analysed the pooled estimates of depression from primary studies by adjusting for publication bias. We used Cochran's Q and the I2-tests to measure heterogeneity across the studies. RESULT A total of 23 studies conducted in Africa were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis, representing a total of 14, 350 elderly population. The pooled prevalence of depression among elderly people in Africa was estimated to be 26.3% (95% CI; 22.2, 30.4%). The estimated pooled prevalence of depression among the elderly in Africa was much higher (43.1%) in studies that used a screening tool to measure depression when compared to studies that used a diagnostic tool (24.2%). Also, the prevalence of depression among female elderly participant (43.10%) was higher than that of male elderly participant (30.90%). CONCLUSION One in five elderly population in Africa were depressed, which poses serious health concerns. Timely and targeted screening of depression among the elderly and evidence-based interventions were highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asres Bedaso
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.,Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Nibretie Mekonnen
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Duko
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Mgbeojedo UG, Akosile CO, Ezugwu JC, Okoye EC, John JN, Ani KU, Okezue OC. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) into Igbo language: a validation study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2022; 20:22. [PMID: 35123486 PMCID: PMC8818214 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-022-01928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late-life experiences such as protracted and indisposing medical disorders can negatively impact older adults’ psychological and mental health, making them vulnerable to depression. Majority of the assessment tools for depression were developed for use in western countries. There is therefore the need for availability of culture- and environment-specific tools for assessment of depression in low-and-middle-income countries. This study was designed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) into Igbo language and culture. Methods The English version of the GDS-15 was translated into Igbo language; synthesized, back-translated, and underwent expert panel review, pretesting and cognitive debriefing interview, according to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons’ guidelines. The Igbo version of the GDS-15 was tested for concurrent and structural validities, and internal consistency among consecutively recruited 140 consenting older adults (62.9% females) in Enugu North Senatorial District at 0.05 level of significance. Results The English version of the GDS-15 was successfully cross-culturally adapted to Igbo with all the 15 items still retained on the Igbo version of the GDS-15. The Igbo version of the GDS-15 exhibited the same structure as the English version, and displayed a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.53 with no significant ceiling (0%) and floor (0%) effects. The correlation between the participants’ total scores on the Igbo and the English versions of the GDS-15 (ρ = 0.86) was adequate. There was no significant difference between corresponding scores in the English and Igbo versions of the GDS-15 (p = 0.89). Conclusions The Igbo version of the GDS-15 is a valid and culturally specific instrument, and can be used for assessing depression among Igbo older adults in Nigeria.
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Divanoglou N, Komninou D, Stea EA, Argiriou A, Papatzikas G, Tsakalof A, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Georgakis MK, Petridou E. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Serum Vitamin D Levels in a Greek Rural Population (Velestino Study). Lifestyle Genom 2021; 14:81-90. [PMID: 34139712 DOI: 10.1159/000514338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM An alarming increase in vitamin D deficiency even in sunny regions highlights the need for a better understanding of the genetic background of the vitamin D endocrine system and the molecular mechanisms of gene polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this study, the serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were correlated with common VDR polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI) in 98 subjects of a Greek homogeneous rural population. METHODS 25(OH)D3 concentration was measured by ultra-HPLC, and the VDR gene polymorphisms were identified by quantitative real-time PCR followed by amplicon high-resolution melting analysis. RESULTS Subjects carrying either the B BsmI (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27-0.99) or t TaqI (OR: 2.06, 95%: 1.06-3.99) allele presented twice the risk for developing vitamin D deficiency compared to the reference allele. Moreover, subjects carrying 1, 2, or all 3 of these genotypes (BB/Bb, Tt/tt, and FF) demonstrated 2-fold (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 0.42-9.92), 3.6-fold (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.07-12.2), and 7-fold (OR: 6.92, 95% CI: 1.68-28.5) increased risk for low 25(OH)D3 levels, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a cumulative effect of specific VDR gene polymorphisms that may regulate vitamin D concentrations explaining, in part, the paradox of vitamin D deficiency in sunny regions, with important implications for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Divanoglou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Komninou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni A Stea
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH-ΙΝAΒ Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anagnostis Argiriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH-ΙΝAΒ Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papatzikas
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Tsakalof
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | | | - Marios K Georgakis
- Department of Hygiene Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Eleni Petridou
- Department of Hygiene Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Basta M, Micheli K, Simos P, Zaganas I, Panagiotakis S, Koutra K, Krasanaki C, Lionis C, Vgontzas A. Frequency and risk factors associated with depression in elderly visiting Primary Health Care (PHC) settings: Findings from the Cretan Aging Cohort. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Vorvolakos T, Leontidou E, Tsiptsios D, Mueller C, Serdari A, Terzoudi A, Nena E, Tsamakis K, Constantinidis TC, Tripsianis G. The association between sleep pathology and depression: A cross-sectional study among adults in Greece. Psychiatry Res 2020; 294:113502. [PMID: 33068911 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional population based study was conducted in order to evaluate the potential association of sleep characteristics with depression using self-reported questionnaires and taking into account several socio-demographic, lifestyle and health related characteristics. 957 participants aged between 19 and 86 years old were enrolled in our study. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants self-reported their daily sleep habits and filled in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Berlin Questionnaire. Overall prevalence of depression was 28.4%. Depression symptoms were more prominent among minority groups. Subjects with depression reported shorter sleep duration and had reduced sleep efficiency. In patients with depression mean sleep duration was reduced by 23 min and mean sleep efficiency by 4%. Patients with depression were at higher risk of insomnia, poor sleep quality and obstructive sleep apnea, but not of excessive daytime sleepiness. Concerning insomnia subtypes, depression was associated with difficulties maintaining sleep and early morning awakening, but not problems initiating sleep. Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in depression and our findings support early pharmacological or cognitive behavioral interventions in order to address this key depression-associated symptom. Only addressing problems initiating sleep might not be sufficient in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofanis Vorvolakos
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleni Leontidou
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsiptsios
- Neurophysiology Department, South Tyneside & Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, United Kingdom.
| | - Christoph Mueller
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aspasia Serdari
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Terzoudi
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Evangelia Nena
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamakis
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros C Constantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Gregory Tripsianis
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Parlapani E, Holeva V, Nikopoulou VA, Sereslis K, Athanasiadou M, Godosidis A, Stephanou T, Diakogiannis I. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:842. [PMID: 32973584 PMCID: PMC7468454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a psychological burden on people worldwide, including fear and anxiety. Older adults are considered more vulnerable during public health emergency crises. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological response of older adults during the acute phase of the pandemic in Greece. METHOD This cross-sectional study was part of a larger three-day online survey. A total of 103 participants over the age of 60 fulfilled inclusion criteria. The survey included sociodemographic questions and six psychometric scales: the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (JGLS). RESULTS A significant proportion of the participants reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms (81.6%), moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (84.5%), as well as disrupted sleep (37.9%). Women reported significantly higher levels of COVID-19-related fear, more severe depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances, as well as higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty. Participants living alone showed higher levels of loneliness. Intolerance of uncertainty was shown to modulate levels of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS During the quarantine, attention was promptly drawn upon the risks related with older people's loneliness. Studies identifying factors that may contribute to loneliness during a public health emergency facilitate the implementation of supportive interventions. Preparedness to address and manage older people's loneliness may limit this deleterious emotional response during the pandemic, as well as at the post-COVID-19 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Parlapani
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Heidari M, Ghodusi Borujeni M, Rezaei P, Kabirian Abyaneh S, Heidari K. Effect of Laughter Therapy on Depression and Quality of Life of the Elderly Living in Nursing Homes. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:119-129. [PMID: 32863751 PMCID: PMC7444838 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are common among the elderly with serious symptoms of depression and social isolation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of laughter therapy (LT) on depression and quality of life (QOL) of the elderly living in Abadeh nursing homes. METHODS This is a controlled semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test design. Ninety eligible ones of the elderly living in the Abadeh nursing homes and from July to September 2017, entered the study. Some of the criteria for entering the study include being over 60 years old, orientation, not having blindness and deafness, lack of physical and mental problems. After determining the intervention and control groups, the scale of depression and QOL was administered to the subjects and their scores were collected in the pre-test. RESULTS Most of the study samples were in the intervention (35.55%) and control (37.77%) group in the age range of 60-69 years. In both intervention and control groups, respectively, 31.11% and 68.88% elderly were males and females. The mean scores of depression in the intervention group after LT (M = 2.57) were lower than those before the intervention (M = 6.87) [CI = -5.58-(-3.02)] and also the results of independent t-test showed a statistically significant difference before and after the intervention between the two groups (P < 0.001). The mean score of dimensions of QOL after LT was higher than that before in the intervention and there was a statistically significant difference in all dimensions with paired t-test (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Since the implementation of this programme could improve the mental status and QOL of the elderly, this method of therapy can be used as an alternative or complementary model to enhance the health of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidari
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Rezaei
- Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Korosh Heidari
- Treatment Affairs, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Salari N, Mohammadi M, Vaisi-Raygani A, Abdi A, Shohaimi S, Khaledipaveh B, Daneshkhah A, Jalali R. The prevalence of severe depression in Iranian older adult: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:39. [PMID: 32013895 PMCID: PMC6998325 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the older adult and one of the most common risk factors for suicide in the older adult. Studies show different and inconsistent prevalence rates in Iran. This study aims to determine the prevalence of severe depression in Iranian older adult through a meta-analysis approach. Methods The present meta-analysis was conducted between January 2000–August 2019. Articles related to the subject matter were obtained by searching Scopus, Sciencedirect, SID, magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Medline (PubMed), and Google Scholar databases. The heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using I2 index and the data were analyzed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results In a study of 3948 individuals aged 50–90 years, the overall prevalence of severe depression in Iranian older adult was 8.2% (95% CI, 4.14–6.3%) based on meta-analysis. Also, in order to investigate the effects of potential factors (sample size and year of study) on the heterogeneity of severe depression in Iranian older adult, meta-regression was used. It was reported that the prevalence of severe depression in Iranian older adult decreased with increasing sample size and increasing years of the study, which is significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusion Considering the high prevalence of severe depression in Iranian older adult, it is necessary for health policy makers to take effective control measures and periodic care for the older adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Behnam Khaledipaveh
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Daneshkhah
- School of Computing, Electronics and Maths, Coventry University, London, UK
| | - Rostam Jalali
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Farooq S, Khan T, Zaheer S, Shafique K. Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and demographic factors: a community-based, cross-sectional survey in Karachi, Pakistan. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029315. [PMID: 31748286 PMCID: PMC6887067 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their association with multimorbidity and the demographic characteristics of adults aged 30 years and above in Karachi, Pakistan. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. STUDY SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study was carried out among a general population aged 30 years and above residing in the Gulshan-e-Iqbal town of Karachi, Pakistan. The study participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling approach based on the inclusion criteria. The data collected from 2867 participants were analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome of the study was the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, measured with the Aga Khan University Anxiety Depression Scale. The secondary outcome was the association of anxiety and depressive symptoms with multimorbidity as well as with the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, using binary logistic regression. RESULTS Out of 2867 individuals, 27.4% reported having anxiety and depressive symptoms. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the presence of multimorbidity (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.33, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.58), female gender (AOR=2.40, 95% CI 2.01 to 2.87), illiteracy (AOR=1.51, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.07), more children (AOR=0.74, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.93) and visiting a faith healer (AOR=2.29, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.88) were the significant factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study revealed a moderately high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults aged 30 years and above in Karachi, Pakistan. The key variables associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms were multimorbidity, female gender, lower level of education, more children and visiting faith healers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Farooq
- Institute of Nursing, Aga Khan University Faculty of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Khan
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Zaheer
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Shafique
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Association of cognitive impairment and grip strength trajectories with mortality among middle-aged and elderly adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2019; 31:723-734. [PMID: 30298800 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610218001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:This study investigates whether maintaining high levels of cognitive impairment and weak grip strength will predict a higher risk for mortality. METHODS Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) from 2006 to 2014 was assessed using longitudinal data analysis and included 5,812 research subjects. Our modeling approach jointly estimated multi-period trajectories of grip strength and cognitive impairment, and the primary analysis was based on Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A four-class linear solution fit the data best in both cognitive impairment and grip strength based on the model fitness, respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) of mortality in group 1 (consistently low) of cognitive impairment and of grip strength were 2.114 times higher (p-value 0.001) and 3.405 times higher (p-value <.0001) compared with group 3 (consistently high) and group 4 (consistently high), respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides insightful scientific evidence into the specificity of longitudinal changes in grip strength and cognitive impairment on mortality. Our findings suggest that declined cognitive ability and weak grip strength are predictors of mortality in older Korean people.
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Rathod MS, Dixit JV, Goel AD, Yadav V. Prevalence of Depression in an Urban Geriatric Population in Marathwada Region of Western India. Indian J Psychol Med 2019; 41:32-37. [PMID: 30783306 PMCID: PMC6337928 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_234_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common problem in the elderly but is often undetected and ignored as a medical problem, leading to poor quality of life. This community-based study was conducted to know the burden and risk factors of depression among the elderly. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The survey was done in 2015 in Maharashtra, India as a part of an initiative addressing community mental health needs of the elderly. Total 400 elderly, aged 60 years and above, were selected through a house-to-house survey, using probability proportional to size method, and interviewed for depression using Major Depression Inventory Scale (MDI Scale), and other potential risk factors using a pretested questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 16.75% elderly had depression. Increasing age (Spearman's rho = 0.112, P = 0.026), illiteracy (OR = 2.23; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.22-4.07), lack of sleep (OR = 2.97; 95% CI 1.73-5.09), and leisure time spending alone (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.98) were found to be associated with depression. However, on multivariate analysis, only sleep duration <6 h was found to be associated [AOR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.4-4.6]. CONCLUSIONS There is a considerable burden of depression in the elderly, reemphasizing the need for regular screening for this disorder and its risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta S Rathod
- Department of Community Medicine, Shree Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jagannath V Dixit
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akhil D Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Corrêa ML, Carpena MX, Meucci RD, Neiva-Silva L. Depression in the elderly of a rural region in Southern Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 25:2083-2092. [PMID: 32520256 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020256.18392018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of depression and its associated factors in elderly residents of the rural area of Rio Grande/RS. In this cross-sectional population-based study performed with 994 elderly (≥ 60 years), whose sampling was based on the 2010 Demographic Census, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used for Major Depressive Episode (EDM) screening. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. The overall prevalence for Major Depressive Episode screening was 8.1%. The variables independently associated with depression were: female gender, continuous use of medications, chronic diseases, body mass index and worse health perception. The creation of programs target at the elderly in the rural area, aimed at screening, early diagnosis of depression and maintenance of treatment, encompassing several factors related to health, are important actions that must be fostered by the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lima Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. R. Marechal Deodoro 1.160, Centro. 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Marina Xavier Carpena
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. R. Marechal Deodoro 1.160, Centro. 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Rodrigo Dalke Meucci
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Lucas Neiva-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
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Masana MF, Haro JM, Mariolis A, Piscopo S, Valacchi G, Bountziouka V, Anastasiou F, Zeimbekis A, Tyrovola D, Gotsis E, Metallinos G, Polystipioti A, Tur JA, Matalas AL, Lionis C, Polychronopoulos E, Sidossis LS, Tyrovolas S, Panagiotakos DB. Mediterranean diet and depression among older individuals: The multinational MEDIS study. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:67-72. [PMID: 29775747 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has been linked to a large and growing economic and societal burden worldwide. In Europe, depression is one of the most frequent mental disorders across all age groups, but particularly in people aged 65 years and over, and higher depressive symptoms have been reported among individuals with chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes and heart disease). AIM To evaluate the role of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in depression in a sample of older people living in the Mediterranean basin. METHODS Standard procedures were used to determine socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of the participants, as well as their dietary habits, and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Multi-adjusted logistic and linear regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the associations between participants' characteristics and depression. RESULTS Participants classified as having mild or severe depression were less educated and physically active, and more diabetic, and they reported less adherence to the MedDiet. Adherence to the MedDiet was associated with the absence of depression [(OR, 95% CI): 0.65, 0.50-0.85]. In addition, daily tea drinking was also related to the absence of depression [(OR, 95% CI): 0.51, 0.40-0.65]. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to the MedDiet and daily tea drinking seem to have a beneficial effect on depressive symptoms in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Masana
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anargiros Mariolis
- Health Center of Areopolis, General Hospital of Sparta, Areopolis, Greece
| | - Suzanne Piscopo
- University of Malta, Nutrition, Family and Consumer Studies Office, Msida, Malta
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vassiliki Bountziouka
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Akis Zeimbekis
- Health Center of Kalloni, General Hospital of Mitilini, Mitilini, Greece
| | - Dimitra Tyrovola
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimios Gotsis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - George Metallinos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Polystipioti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Josep-Antoni Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Universitat de les Illes Balears & CIBERobn, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia-Leda Matalas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelos Polychronopoulos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Visiting Fellow at Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Avenue, mSuite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
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Association of sarcopenia with depressive symptoms and functional status among ambulatory community-dwelling elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 76:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Çakıcı M, Gökçe Ö, Babayiğit A, Çakıcı E, Eş A. Depression: point-prevalence and risk factors in a North Cyprus household adult cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:387. [PMID: 29202790 PMCID: PMC5716299 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common diagnosed psychiatric disorders in the world. Besides individual risk factors, it is also found that environment and socio-cultural factors are the other main risk factors for depression. In this article, the results of the 2016 national household survey of depression in North Cyprus (NC) are presented. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of depression in NC households. METHODS The study was conducted between April and June 2016, the sample consisting of Turkish-speaking individuals between 18 and 88 years of age living permanently in NC. A multi-stage stratified (randomized) quota was used in the survey, and 978 people were selected according to the 2011 census. A 21 item questionnaire prepared by the researchers and a Turkish version of the Beck Depression Inventory scales were used for obtaining data. RESULTS This cross-sectional study found a point prevalence of 23.4% for relatively high BDI scores (≥17) suggesting clinical depression. Being female, a widow, unemployed, having a limited education and low income level, having a physical illness, living alone, and using illicit substances were defined as possible risk factors for depression. CONCLUSIONS When we consider the world prevalence, NC has one of the higher depression prevalence. NC has environmental and socio-cultural characteristics such as a history of war, migration and colonization, high unemployment rates, socioeconomic problems, similar to other extremely high prevalence depression countries and regions, which give a strong indication of the importance of socio-cultural factors on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Çakıcı
- Department of Psychology, Near East University, Arts and Science Faculty, Lefkosa-Kibris, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Özlem Gökçe
- Department of Psychology, Near East University, Arts and Science Faculty, Lefkosa-Kibris, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Asra Babayiğit
- Department of Psychology, Near East University, Arts and Science Faculty, Lefkosa-Kibris, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ebru Çakıcı
- Department of Psychology, Near East University, Arts and Science Faculty, Lefkosa-Kibris, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Eş
- Department of Psychological Counselling and Guidance, Near East University, Faculty of Education, Lefkosa-Kibris, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Akosile CO, Mgbeojedo UG, Maruf FA, Okoye EC, Umeonwuka IC, Ogunniyi A. Depression, functional disability and quality of life among Nigerian older adults: Prevalences and relationships. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 74:39-43. [PMID: 28954240 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is associated with increased morbidity, depression and decline in function. These may consequently impair the quality of life (QoL) of older adults. PURPOSE This study was used to investigate the prevalence of functional disability, depression, and level of quality of life of older adults residing in Uyo metropolis and its environs, Nigeria. METHOD This cross sectional survey involved 206 (116 females and 90 males) older adults with mean age of 69.8±6.7. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-OLD, Functional status Questionnaire (FSQ) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used to measure quality of life, functional disability and depression respectively. Data was analysed using frequency counts and percentages and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient, at 0.05 alpha level. RESULTS 45.5% of participants had depression, and at least 30% had functional disability in at least one domain, but their quality of life was fairly good (>60.0%) across all domains. Significant correlation existed between depression scores and individual quality of life and functional disability domains and between overall QoL and each functional disability domain (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Depression and functional disability were quite prevalent among sampled older adults but their QOL was not too severely affected. Since the constructs were interrelated, it seems interventions targeted at depression and functional status may invariably enhance the quality of life of the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Olusanjo Akosile
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Ukamaka Gloria Mgbeojedo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Fatai Adesina Maruf
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Chiebuka Okoye
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi Chuka Umeonwuka
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Tsolaki M, Gkioka M, Verykouki E, Galoutzi N, Kavalou E, Pattakou-Parasyri V. Prevalence of Dementia, Depression, and Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Rural Area of the Island of Crete, Greece. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2017; 32:252-264. [PMID: 28468554 PMCID: PMC10852845 DOI: 10.1177/1533317517698789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The studies on the prevalence of dementia, depression, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Greece are sparse and show major variations of prevalence depending on geographical areas, nutritional habits, and the way of living. The aim of this door-to-door study was to find the prevalence of dementia, depression, and MCI in a rural Greek population. Four hundred and forty-three individuals older than 61years following the application of specific criteria were diagnosed with: normal cognition, depression, MCI with and without depression, and dementia with and without depression. Four diagnostic methods were used, 2 of which included Mungas correction for age and education. After Mungas adjustment, the results were as follows-depression: 33.9%; MCI: 15.3%; MCI with depression: 8.6%; dementia: 2.0%; and dementia with depression: 7.2%. Dementia is less prevalent compared to global data and other Greek areas. Mild cognitive impairment is more prevalent than dementia. High percentages of depression may be related to low education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Neurology, “G.H. Papanikolaou”, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Alzheimer Association and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece (GAARD)
| | - Mara Gkioka
- Department of Neurology, “G.H. Papanikolaou”, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Verykouki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Lehane CM, Hofsöe SM, Wittich W, Dammeyer J. Mental Health and Spouse Support Among Older Couples Living With Sensory Loss. J Aging Health 2017; 30:1205-1223. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264317713135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The current study examined the mental health of couples living with and without sensory loss; compared the mental health of couples living with hearing, vision, or dual-sensory loss; and investigated the association between spouse support and the mental health of couples living with sensory loss. Method: The study included 513 couples with sensory loss and 1,079 couples without sensory loss. Actor–Partner Interdependence Models were used to examine associations between spouse support and mental health. Results: Controlling for potential covariates, individuals with sensory loss and their spouses were at a greater risk of mental health problems. Sensory loss modality (hearing and/or vision) did not explain any differences. Both actor and partner effects of spouse support on anxiety and depression were found. Discussion: The findings highlight the need to support the mental health of couples living with sensory loss and indicate the importance of considering the intimate relationship in future studies.
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Noh JW, Kwon YD, Park J, Oh IH, Kim J. Relationship between Physical Disability and Depression by Gender: A Panel Regression Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166238. [PMID: 27902709 PMCID: PMC5130183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression in persons with physical disabilities may be more common than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical disability and depression by gender among adults, using a large, nationally representative sample. Methods This study used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, Wave one through four, and ran a series of random effect panel regression models to test the relationship between physical disability status and depression by gender. We tested the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between disability status and depression level by examining the significance of the cross-product term between disability status and gender. Results After controlling for self-rated health, marital status, employment status, education, and age, subjects who were female or diagnosed as having any disability presented higher levels of depression scores. Further, the difference in terms of their depression level measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CES-D 10) scores between those who were diagnosed as having any disability and those who were not was greater for females than for their male counterparts. Conclusion This study reaffirmed that disability is the risk factor of depression, using longitudinal data. In addition, female gender is the effect modifier rather than the risk factor. The effect of gender in the non-disability group, mostly composed of older persons, is limited. On the contrary, the female disability group showed more depressive symptoms than the male disability group. The gender difference in the disability group and the role of culture on these differences need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Noh
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- Global Health Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Young Dae Kwon
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine and Catholic Institute for Healthcare Management, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jumin Park
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Argyropoulos K, Gourzis P, Jelastopulu E. Depression among older adults in Greece: an undetected disorder? Psychogeriatrics 2016; 16:334-5. [PMID: 26550761 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Argyropoulos
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Psychiatric Hospital of Tripolis, Tripolis, Greece
| | - Philippos Gourzis
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Jelastopulu
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece. ,
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Georgakis MK, Protogerou AD, Kalogirou EI, Kontogeorgi E, Pagonari I, Sarigianni F, Papageorgiou SG, Kapaki E, Papageorgiou C, Tousoulis D, Petridou ET. Blood Pressure and All-Cause Mortality by Level of Cognitive Function in the Elderly: Results From a Population-Based Study in Rural Greece. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016; 19:161-169. [PMID: 27436635 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the effect of blood pressure (BP) on mortality differs by levels of cognitive function. The associations of brachial systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure with all-cause mortality were prospectively explored (follow-up 7.0±2.2 years) in 660 community-dwelling individuals (≥60 years) using adjusted Cox models, stratified by cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] <24). No association between brachial BP variables and mortality was shown for the total sample in quartiles analysis; however, MAP in the highest quartile, compared with the second, was associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence intervals, 1.09-3.12) among cognitively impaired individuals. The fractional-polynomials approach for BP confirmed this finding and further showed, solely in the MMSE <24 subcohort, U-shaped trends of MAP and systolic BP, with increased mortality risk in extremely low or high values; no such pattern was evident for patients with MMSE ≥24. Elderly individuals with cognitive impairment might be more susceptible to the detrimental effects of low and elevated MAP and systolic BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios K Georgakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios D Protogerou
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Research Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni I Kalogirou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kontogeorgi
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pagonari
- Health Centre of Velestino, Ahillopouleio General Hospital of Volos, Velestino, Volos, Greece
| | - Fani Sarigianni
- Health Centre of Velestino, Ahillopouleio General Hospital of Volos, Velestino, Volos, Greece
| | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Papageorgiou
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokrateion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Th Petridou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,First Department of Cardiology, Hippokrateion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Georgakis MK, Papadopoulos FC, Protogerou AD, Pagonari I, Sarigianni F, Biniaris-Georgallis SI, Kalogirou EΙ, Thomopoulos TP, Kapaki E, Papageorgiou C, Papageorgiou SG, Tousoulis D, Petridou ET. Comorbidity of Cognitive Impairment and Late-Life Depression Increase Mortality: Results From a Cohort of Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Rural Greece. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2016; 29:195-204. [PMID: 26917554 DOI: 10.1177/0891988716632913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of cognitive impairment (COGI) and depression with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-specific mortality among community-dwelling elderly individuals in rural Greece. METHODS Cognition and depressive symptomatology of 676 Velestino town residents aged ≥60 years were assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. Eight-year all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were explored by multivariate Cox regression models controlling for major confounders. RESULTS Two hundred and one patients died during follow-up. Cognitive impairment (MMSE ≤ 23) was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-2.18) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.03-2.41). Moderate to severe depression (GDS > 10) was significantly associated only with a 51% increase in all-cause mortality. A male-specific association was noted for moderate to severe depression, whereas the effect of COGI was limited to females. Noteworthy, COGI and depression comorbidity, rather than their sole presence, increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality by 66% and 72%, respectively. The mortality effect of COGI was augmented among patients with depression and of depression among patients with COGI. CONCLUSION COGI and depression, 2 entities often coexisting among elderly individuals, appear to increase all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Gender-specific modes may prevail but their comorbidity should be carefully assessed, as it seems to represent an independent index of increased frailty, which eventually shortens life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios K Georgakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Fotios C Papadopoulos
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios D Protogerou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pagonari
- Health Centre of Velestino, Ahillopouleio General Hospital of Volos, Greece
| | - Fani Sarigianni
- Health Centre of Velestino, Ahillopouleio General Hospital of Volos, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Ι Kalogirou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas P Thomopoulos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Papageorgiou
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Socratis G Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokrateion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Th Petridou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Alves Apóstolo JL, Batista Cardoso DF, Paúl C, Alves Rodrigues M, Sofia Macedo M. Efectos de la estimulación cognitiva sobre las personas mayores en el ámbito comunitario. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2016; 26:111-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Taheri Tanjanai P, Moradinazar M, Najafi F. Prevalence of depression and related social and physical factors amongst the Iranian elderly population in 2012. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17:126-131. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Taheri Tanjanai
- Department of Internal Medicine; Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahdi Moradinazar
- Research Committee; Determinants of Health School of Public Health; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental; Determinants of Health School of Public Health; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
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Wang X, Shen W, Wang C, Zhang X, Xiao Y, He F, Zhai Y, Li F, Shang X, Lin J. Association between eating alone and depressive symptom in elders: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:19. [PMID: 26774626 PMCID: PMC4715343 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is one of the main health concerns in elders which could lead to many negative outcomes. Eating alone is an emerging issue in elders in China and would become more serious along with the fast course of industrialization and urbanization, as well as population aging. However, their relationship was seldom researched. Methods Using a two-stage cluster sampling strategy, an investigation was conducted in 2014 among 9,361 permanent residents aged 60 years and above in Zhejiang Province, China. Totally, 7,968 cognitively normal elders were included in our analysis. Multilevel logistic regression was used to explore the association between eating arrangement (number of companions in mealtime) and depressive symptom as well as the association between eating alone and depressive symptom in relation to living alone. Results In our sample, 17.1 % of the elders ate alone and 8.7 % had depressive symptom. We observed a distinct inverse association between eating arrangement (number of companions in mealtime) and geriatric depressive symptom (female: OR = 1.12, P = 0.027; aged 60–74 years: OR = 1.16, P = 0.002), after adjustment for demography, socioeconomic status, social relation, health behaviors, underlying conditions and living alone. We then introduced a combined variable of eating alone and living alone and examined its relationship with depressive symptom. We found that compared with elders who ate and lived with others, those who ate alone but lived with others had a significant increased odds of depressive symptom (female: OR = 1.62, P = 0.027; aged 60–74 years: OR = 1.59, P = 0.025). Conclusions Our results suggested that a lack of companionship in mealtime might be independently associated with geriatric depressive symptom for females and those aged 60–74 years. What’s more, eating alone might be a stronger factor associated with depressive symptom than living alone. We recommend interventions to be performed in encouraging elders especially females and those aged 60–74 years to eat with others. Longitudinal studies in different populations which focus on this topic are required to better understand this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Tongxiang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 64 East Maodun Road, Wutong Subdistrict, Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Tongxiang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 64 East Maodun Road, Wutong Subdistrict, Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Fan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Fudong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Shang
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Junfen Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Boman E, Gustafson Y, Häggblom A, Santamäki Fischer R, Nygren B. Inner strength - associated with reduced prevalence of depression among older women. Aging Ment Health 2015; 19:1078-83. [PMID: 25402943 PMCID: PMC4566880 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.977775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore if inner strength is independently associated with a reduced prevalence of depression after controlling for other known risk factors associated with depression. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was performed, where all women living in Åland, a Finnish self-govern island community in the Baltic Sea, aged 65 years or older were sent a questionnaire including the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Inner Strength Scale along with several other questions related to depression. Factors associated with depression were analyzed by means of multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The results showed that 11.2% of the studied women (n = 1452) were depressed and that the prevalence increased with age and was as high as 20% in the oldest age group. Non-depressed women were more likely to never or seldom feel lonely, have a strong inner strength, take fewer prescription drugs, feeling needed, being able to engage in meaningful leisure activities, as well as cohabit. CONCLUSION Our results showed an association between stronger inner strength and being non-depressed. This can be interpreted to mean that inner strength might have a protective effect against depression. These findings are interesting from a health-promotion perspective, yet to verify these results, further longitudinal studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Boman
- Faculty of Nursing, Åland University of Applied Sciences, Mariehamn, Finland,Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Corresponding author.
| | - Yngve Gustafson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anette Häggblom
- Faculty of Nursing, Åland University of Applied Sciences, Mariehamn, Finland
| | - Regina Santamäki Fischer
- Faculty of Nursing, Åland University of Applied Sciences, Mariehamn, Finland,Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn Nygren
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Argyropoulos K, Bartsokas C, Argyropoulou A, Gourzis P, Jelastopulu E. Depressive symptoms in late life in urban and semi-urban areas of South-West Greece: An undetected disorder? Indian J Psychiatry 2015; 57:295-300. [PMID: 26600585 PMCID: PMC4623650 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.166617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and probable under-diagnosis of depressive symptoms in elderly of an urban and semi-urban area in Greece. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among the members of 4 days care centers for older people (KAPI), three in the municipality of Patras, West-Greece, and in one in Tripolis, Peloponnese, Greece. A total of 378 individuals took part in the study, aged >60 years. A questionnaire was developed to collect basic demographic data, including three questions from the European Health Interview Survey, regarding self-reported or by a physician-diagnosed depression. Moreover, to all participants the Greek validated version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) was applied, to screen for depressive symptoms. RESULTS According to GDS-15, 48.1% of the studied population screened positive for depressive symptoms (38.6% moderate, 9.5% severe), whereas having ever been affected with chronic depression reported 19.0% by themselves. In 162 members of KAPI of Patras and in 106 of Tripolis, who never reported have been affected by depression and depressive symptoms were observed in 27.7% and 44.7%, respectively. In 28 individuals from Patras, who reported not to know if they have depression and in 10 from Tripolis, depressive symptoms were observed in 60.7% and 90%, respectively, applying the GDS-15. CONCLUSION Except the high prevalence, the present study reveals a remarkable under-detection of depressive symptoms in older adults. Various interventions in primary care are necessary so as to increase detection rates of depression among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Argyropoulos
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece ; Department of Psychiatry, Panarcadian General Hospital of Tripolis, Greece
| | - Christos Bartsokas
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Eleni Jelastopulu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece
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Olagunju AT, Olutoki MO, Ogunnubi OP, Adeyemi JD. Late-life depression: Burden, severity and relationship with social support dimensions in a West African community. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:240-6. [PMID: 26003904 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The occurrence of depression in old age is often linked with grave consequences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the burden of depression and its relationship with perceived social support among the elderly in a West African community setting. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, participants made up of 350 elders aged 60 years and above were selected through multi-stage random sampling technique. All participants were interviewed with designed questionnaire, multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to elicit socio-demographic profile, social support and depressive psychopathology respectively. RESULTS The participants were largely females (52.9%) and their mean age was 68.8±7.3 years. A little above one-quarter (26.4%) had depressive episode, and mild severity was preponderant. Low level of social support was associated with depression (χ(2)=8.418, p=0.004); especially low social supports from significant others (χ(2)=3.989, p=0.046) and family members (χ(2)=4.434, p=0.035). Similarly, severity of depression in the elderly correlated negatively with availability of social support from significant others (χ(2)=5.495, p=0.019) and family members (χ(2)=5.149, p=0.023). CONCLUSION Considering the burden of depression in this elderly population and the influential roles of social support especially from family and significant others on depression; strengthening of informal social support and formal social support for the elders is advocated. In addition, design of community based geriatric mental health with social services and articulation of public policy to address old age needs are implied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Toyin Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Michael Olasunkanmi Olutoki
- Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Yaba, PMB 2008, Lagos, Nigeria; Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar, PMB 1052, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | | | - Joseph Dada Adeyemi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
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Vicente F, Espirito-Santo H, Cardoso D, Silva FD, Costa M, Martins S, Torres-Pena I, Pascoal V, Rodrigues F, Pinto A, Moitinho S, Guadalupe S, Vicente HT, Lemos L. Estudo longitudinal dos fatores associados à evolução de sintomas depressivos em idosos institucionalizados. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objetivos : Constatando que a depressão é comum em idosos institucionalizados, associando-se à solidão, à ansiedade e à afetividade, pretendemos descrever a evolução da depressão durante dois anos e verificar que fatores se associam a essa evolução. Métodos : Em um estudo de coorte prospectivo em dois momentos (2011 e 2013), avaliamos 83 idosos institucionalizados, com idade no primeiro momento entre os 60 e os 100 anos, sendo 79,5% mulheres, 86,7% sem companheiro(a), e 72,3% com algum grau de escolaridade. Usamos a Escala Geriátrica da Depressão (GDS), a Escala de Solidão (UCLA-L), o Inventário Geriátrico de Ansiedade (GAI) e a Lista de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (PANAS). Resultados: Verificamos que 59,0% mantiveram a depressão e 10,8% desenvolveram depressão. Os idosos com depressão tiveram significativamente piores resultados na UCLA, GAI e PANAS, e os não depressivos tiveram afetos positivos mais altos. Quanto à evolução da depressão, os idosos que mantiveram depressão tiveram inicialmente pontuações elevadas no GDS, GAI, UCLA e na subescala PANAS negativo e pontuações baixas na subescala PANAS positivo. Esses idosos apresentaram associadamente um agravamento dos sentimentos de solidão, dos sintomas ansiosos e do afeto negativo ao longo dos dois anos. Os que desenvolveram depressão tiveram, no primeiro momento, pontuações elevadas na UCLA. Conclusões: Os sintomas de depressão com ou sem solidão no momento inicial, o agravamento da solidão, a ansiedade, o afeto negativo e o baixo afeto positivo poderão ser fatores de risco para a manutenção da depressão. A solidão poderá ainda ser um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de depressão.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Espirito-Santo
- Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Portugal; Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Inês Torres-Pena
- Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Portugal; Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ana Pinto
- Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Laura Lemos
- Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Portugal; Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Portugal
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Olutoki MO, Olagunju AT, Adeyemi JD. Correlates of depressive illness among the elderly in a mixed urban community in Lagos, Nigeria. Aging Ment Health 2014; 18:561-9. [PMID: 24102150 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2013.843156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about the factors associated with depression among elderly Nigerians despite research evidence suggesting that some correlates of depression may be important in early detection, treatment and prognosis. This study aimed to determine the correlates of depression among a community based elderly population. METHODS The study population made up of 350 consenting participants was selected using multistage stratified random sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among the participants using a research instrument consisting of two parts: a self-designed questionnaire to elicit their socio-demographic profile, level of social support as well as their health status and the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale to diagnose depression using cut-off score ≥11. Both the English and Yoruba versions of the study instruments were used depending on the level of education of the participants. RESULTS Depression was found to be associated with being younger old (χ(2) = 6.19, p = 0.045), prolonged stay in current residence (χ(2) = 6.62, p = 0.01), living in less developed area of the community and not having children (χ(2) = 0.03, p = 0.01), while higher social support (χ(2) = 4.19, p = 0.041) seems protective. However, only low social support (odds ratio [OR] = 0.573; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.330-0.994; p = 0.048), living in less developed area (OR = 5.342; 95% CI = 1.027, 27.776; p = 0.046) and prolonged stay in current residence (OR = 0.407; 95% CI = 0.205, 0.806; p = 0.01) independently predicted depression in participants. CONCLUSION To enhance early detection and treatment of depressive disorders in the elderly, physicians should be alert to the diagnosis of depression in late life, especially among the younger old, elderly not having children, those with low social support as well as prolonged stay in a residence and living in less developed parts of the community. Further research is needed to shed light on the intriguing link between depression and associated factors in geriatric population.
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Schwarzbach M, Luppa M, Forstmeier S, König HH, Riedel-Heller SG. Social relations and depression in late life-a systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:1-21. [PMID: 23720299 DOI: 10.1002/gps.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social relations have become the focus of much research attention when studying depressive symptoms in older adults. Research indicates that social support and being embedded in a network may reduce the risk for depression. The aim of the review was to analyze the association of social relations and depression in older adults. METHODS Electronic databases were searched systematically for potentially relevant articles published from January 2000 to December 2012. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. RESULTS Factors of social relations were categorized into 12 domains. Factors regarding the qualitative aspects of social relations seem to be more consistent among studies and therefore provide more explicit results. Thus, social support, quality of relations, and presence of confidants were identified as factors of social relations significantly associated with depression. The quantitative aspects of social relations seem to be more inconsistent. Cultural differences become most obvious in terms of the quantitative aspects of social relations. CONCLUSION Despite the inconsistent results and the methodological limitations of the studies, this review identified a number of factors of social relations that are significantly associated with depression. The review indicates that it is needful to investigate social relations in all their complexity and not reduce them to one dimension. Simultaneously, it is important to conduct longitudinal studies because studies with cross-sectional design do not allow us to draw conclusions on causality. Beyond that, cultural differences need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schwarzbach
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Public Health Research Unit, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Arslantas D, Ünsal A, Ozbabalık D. Prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among the elderly in Middle Anatolia, Turkey. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 14:100-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Arslantas
- Department of Public Health; Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty; Meselik-Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Alaettin Ünsal
- Department of Public Health; Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty; Meselik-Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Demet Ozbabalık
- Department of Neurology; Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty; Meselik-Eskisehir Turkey
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Diamanti C, Manali E, Ginieri-Coccossis M, Vougas K, Cholidou K, Markozannes E, Bakakos P, Liappas I, Alchanatis M. Depression, physical activity, energy consumption, and quality of life in OSA patients before and after CPAP treatment. Sleep Breath 2013; 17:1159-68. [PMID: 23386373 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-013-0815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of studies have demonstrated improvement in quality of life and depressive symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. However, very little is known about the effect of OSA treatment on physical activity and energy consumption. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in depression, physical activity, energy expenditure, and quality of life (QoL) in OSA patients before and after CPAP therapy. METHODS Forty-one patients with OSA as revealed by polysomnography, were included to the study. They responded to the generic World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL) questionnaire, to the specific-disease Quebec Sleep Questionnaire, and to Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in order to evaluate QoL and the incidence of depression. In addition, all patients wore an accelerometer which measured physical activity and energy expenditure during a week. At least 6 months after initiation of CPAP treatment (mean time, 9 months) we re-examined 24 patients who met the compliance with the treatment criteria. RESULTS Patients after CPAP therapy had significantly higher scores in all domains of the Quebec Sleep Questionnaire and in the domains of physical health/level of independence and psychological health/spirituality of the WHOQoL. Depression scores were also better in CES-D after treatment. However, despite the improvement in QoL and psychological status, CPAP therapy had no impact on physical activity and energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS CPAP therapy improves QoL and lessens depressive symptoms in our group of well-treated OSA patients. However, physical activity and energy expenditure did not present statistically significant improvement in the same group of OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Diamanti
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, "Sotiria" Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152, Mesogion Av, 115 27, Athens, Greece,
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Volkert J, Schulz H, Härter M, Wlodarczyk O, Andreas S. The prevalence of mental disorders in older people in Western countries - a meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:339-53. [PMID: 23000171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a meta-analysis assessing the prevalence of mental disorders in older people in Europe and North America. METHOD Studies that reported prevalence rates of mental disorders in older people from the general population were identified through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and reference lists for the period between January 2000 and December 2011. Studies were included if they reported prevalence rates of mental disorders in older people (50+ years) from the community. The final sample comprised 25 studies. Prevalence rates were extracted, and effect sizes were transformed into logits. Random-effects models were calculated due to significant heterogeneity. In meta-regression analyses possible sources of bias, including age of onset, gender distribution, and risk of bias were examined. To analyze the robustness of the results, sensitivity analyses were performed. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and the Egger method. RESULTS Disorders with the highest prevalence estimates were dimensional depression (19.47%), lifetime major depression (16.52%), and lifetime alcohol use disorders (11.71%). Disorders with the lowest estimates were current and lifetime drug use disorders (0.34% and 0.19%, respectively), and current bipolar disorder and current agoraphobia (both 0.53%). CONCLUSION The majority of studies investigated major depression, panic disorder and social phobia. Future research requires a larger database on the epidemiology of mental disorders in the elderly. Furthermore, an improvement to the methodology that addresses the challenges of older age and produces comparable data, including the use of instruments tailored to the needs of older people, is required.
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Chen S, Conwell Y, Vanorden K, Lu N, Fang Y, Ma Y, Fan H, Jin T, Chiu H. Prevalence and natural course of late-life depression in China primary care: a population based study from an urban community. J Affect Disord 2012; 141:86-93. [PMID: 22464006 PMCID: PMC3566241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care is the most promising venue for the management of late-life depression in China. The current study was designed to establish the prevalence of major depressive disorder among older adults in primary care, and to examine the correlates, and the natural course of late-life depression over a year. METHODS A sample of 1275 adults aged over 60 years was recruited from a primary care clinic in urban China for screening with PHQ-9, and 262 participants stratified by PHQ-9 score were interviewed to collect the presence of major depressive disorder (MDD), the availability of social support, and physical health and functional status. Participants were followed up for 12 months at 3-month intervals. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of MDD was 11.3% with the SCID interview. Increasing age, female gender, and lower educational level, living alone, low support from family, high medical illness burden, and impairment of daily function were significantly associated with MDD in later life. Less than 1% of these patients received treatments. More than 60% of patients with MDD at baseline remained depressed throughout the 12 month follow-up period; and only 3 patients had been treated during the 12-month follow-up. LIMITATIONS The correlates of late-life depression observed here may not necessarily serve as risk factors guiding the development of future prevention strategies. DISCUSSION In an urban Chinese primary care setting, late-life depression was found to be a common condition. Few patients with MDD received treatment for their condition, and the majority remained depressed over the following year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Chen
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Yeates Conwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
| | - Kimberly Vanorden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
| | - Naiji Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Health Department of Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Hainan Fan
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Health Department of Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Helen Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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Athanasopoulos C, Pitychoutis PM, Messari I, Lionis C, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z. Is drug utilization in Greece sex dependent? A population-based study. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 112:55-62. [PMID: 22759339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite scarce data pertaining to prescription drug sales in Greece, the lack of large-scale epidemiological studies has made it difficult to elaborate on putative differences regarding drug consumption patterns between the two sexes. Herein, we sought to investigate whether sex may have an impact on medication trends of the Greek population. The data reported are part of a survey conducted under the auspices of the National Center for Social Research. Information was collected from 2499 Athenian citizens. Probability of drug use was assessed through Pearson chi-square (χ(2) ) test and logistic regression was implemented to clarify whether sex or other socio-economic and morbidity factors may influence drug utilization. Women consumed more drugs as compared to men. Sex proved to be a differentiating factor influencing the use of analgesic/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cardiovascular, anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, as well as drugs for the treatment of thyroid diseases and osteoporosis. Present results further implicate other socio-economic factors (e.g. education, employment and financial status) in the harnessing of drug use in Greece. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest pharmacoepidemiological study to report that Greek women consume more drugs and present different medication patterns, as compared to men. Further research is considered imperative in order for the awareness of prescribers, policy-makers and the general public on this sensitive matter to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Athanasopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 115027, Greece
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Park JH, Kim KW, Kim MH, Kim MD, Kim BJ, Kim SK, Kim JL, Moon SW, Bae JN, Woo JI, Ryu SH, Yoon JC, Lee NJ, Lee DY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lee JJ, Lee JY, Lee CU, Chang SM, Jhoo JH, Cho MJ. A nationwide survey on the prevalence and risk factors of late life depression in South Korea. J Affect Disord 2012; 138:34-40. [PMID: 22284016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate prevalence rates and risk factors of LLD among a large nationwide sample of Korean elders in South Korea. METHOD Of 8199 randomly sampled Koreans aged 65 years or more, 6018 participated (response rate=73.4%). Using the Korean version of the short form Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K), we classified individual scoring 8 or 9 as having possible depression and those scoring ≥ 10 as having probable depression. RESULTS The age-, gender-, education-, and urbanicity-standardized prevalences were 10.1% (95% CI=9.3-10.8) for possible depression, 17.8% (95% CI=16.8-8.7) for probable depression, and 27.8% (95% CI=26.7-29.0) for overall depression. Poverty, living alone, low education, illiteracy, smoking, history of head trauma, and low Mini Mental Status Examination score were associated with greater risk of depression, while mild alcohol use and moderate to heavy exercise were associated with lower risk of depression. However gender difference in the risk of depression was not found. CONCLUSION LLD is decidedly common in South Korea. It was associated with various sociodemographic and clinical factors, some of which are amendable through policy actions. This study was limited by use of the SGDS-K rather than a standardized clinical interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, Jejudo, Republic of Korea
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Sex differences in depression among older adults: are older women more vulnerable than men in social risk factors? The case of open care centers for older people in Greece. Eur J Ageing 2012; 9:177-186. [PMID: 28804418 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-012-0216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined depression, which, research has indicated, is the most common mental health problem affecting older people, especially women. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of depression among older people in an urban Greek population and to investigate the covariates of depression symptoms prevalence by gender. The sample consisted of 360 individuals, 218 women and 142 men, aged 60 years or older, members of four open care centers for older people in Greece. A questionnaire for socio-demographic and medical data was used. Depression was probed by use of the geriatric depression scale short form. One-hundred and nine persons (30.3%), 32 men (22.53%) and 77 women (35.12%) were found to have depressive symptoms. The results indicated that women have more depression symptoms than men. Being currently unmarried and suffering from multimorbidity were associated with depression symptoms in both gender groups. Meetings with friends were found to be protective factors for both sexes; care of grandchildren and participating in outings and excursions seemed to be protective factors for women only. Unfavorable economic situations, and being childless, were associated with prevalence of depression symptoms among women only. This study confirmed the relationship between depression symptoms and gender and the importance of social and medical factors in the prevalence of depression symptoms, in both gender groups. It also indicated the greater vulnerability of women to some social factors.
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Giannouli P, Zervas I, Armeni E, Koundi K, Spyropoulou A, Alexandrou A, Kazani A, Areti A, Creatsa M, Lambrinoudaki I. Determinants of quality of life in Greek middle-age women: A population survey. Maturitas 2012; 71:154-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hegerl U, Holtzheimer P, Mergl R, McDonald W. The neurobiology and treatment of late-life depression. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2012; 106:265-278. [PMID: 22608627 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52002-9.00016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Millán-Calenti JC, Maseda A, Rochette S, Vázquez GA, Sánchez A, Lorenzo T. Mental and psychological conditions, medical comorbidity and functional limitation: differential associations in older adults with cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms and co-existence of both. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 26:1071-9. [PMID: 21905101 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms are common among the geriatric population but the co-occurrence of both is rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the factors associated with three groups of elderly people: those assessed with cognitive impairment alone (COG), depressive symptoms alone (DEP) or co-existence of both (COG-DEP). METHODS The cross-sectional study included 600 community-dwellers ages 65 and older. All participants underwent a comprehensive evaluation. Global cognition was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and depressive symptoms were defined by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Specific chronic illnesses relevant to the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) were self-reported. Functional status was evaluated by the Katz' basic (ADL) and Lawton's instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living scales. RESULTS COG-DEP was explained by IADL dependence (OR: 11.9, 95% CI: 4.59-30.78), ADL dependence (OR: 11.5, 95% CI: 5.59-23.69), cerebrovascular disease (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.48-8.68), congestive heart failure (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.77-6.59) and diabetes (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.30-5.18), but it was best predicted by functional limitations in the adjusted model. Being functionally dependent and medically ill with shorter life expectancy was shown to significantly increase the odds of being DEP. Functional limitation in IADL was without distinction associated to COG, DEP and COG-DEP. CONCLUSION The present results on COG, DEP and COG-DEP show the particular relevance of certain medical comorbidities and functional limitations to those three distinct groups of elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Millán-Calenti
- Gerontology Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, Spain.
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Unsal A, Tozun M, Ayranci U. Prevalence of depression among postmenopausal women and related characteristics. Climacteric 2010; 14:244-51. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2010.510912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mamplekou E, Bountziouka V, Psaltopoulou T, Zeimbekis A, Tsakoundakis N, Papaerakleous N, Gotsis E, Metallinos G, Pounis G, Polychronopoulos E, Lionis C, Panagiotakos D. Urban environment, physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habits correlate to depression among elderly living in eastern Mediterranean islands: the MEDIS (MEDiterranean ISlands Elderly) study. J Nutr Health Aging 2010; 14:449-55. [PMID: 20617287 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate factors associated with depression in elderly. METHODS During 2005-2007, 553 men and 637 women (aged 65 to 100 yrs) living in various Greek islands and in Cyprus participated in the study. The sampling was random and multistage (according to age sex distribution of the referent population). Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). RESULTS Twenty five per cent of men and 35% of women were classified in the highest GDS category (i.e. GDS score > 10), indicating intense depressive symptoms, while 54% of men and 70% of women scored above the depression cut-off (i.e. GDS score > 5) indicating mild-to-severe depressive symptoms. Among the investigated characteristics, living in urban environment, physical inactivity and history of hypertension were correlated with the presence of depressive symptoms (p < 0.05), after adjusting for various confounders. Moreover, the consumption of fish, vegetables and cereals is more prevalent among people with low or moderate depression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression is quite high between elderly people living in Greek islands and Cyprus. Urban environment that may also interact with sedentarism and unhealthy dietary habits seems to promote depression in the studied population. Efforts to lower the prevalence of depression in the elderly should target on the aforementioned factors that employ functional impairment, social environment and dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mamplekou
- Department of Nutrition Science-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Gao S, Jin Y, Unverzagt FW, Liang C, Hall KS, Ma F, Murrell JR, Cheng Y, Matesan J, Li P, Bian J, Hendrie HC. Correlates of depressive symptoms in rural elderly Chinese. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009; 24:1358-66. [PMID: 19347839 PMCID: PMC2833291 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late life depression has been studied in many populations around the world. However, findings on risk factors for late life depression have remained inconsistent. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 1737 rural Chinese age 65 and over from two provinces in China was conducted assessing cognitive functions using various cognitive instruments and collecting information on demographic characteristics and medical history. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Analysis of covariance and logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the continuous GDS score, mild or severe depression. RESULTS In this cohort, 26.5% (95% CI: 24.4-28.6%) met the criteria for mild depression and 4.3% (95% CI: 3.4-5.4%) for severely depression. Living alone, history of heart attack, head injury, and fracture were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Alcohol consumption and higher cognitive function were associated with lower depressive symptoms. Living alone, not attended school, history of head injury, fracture, and low cognitive function were associated with increased probability of mild depression. Living alone, history of stroke or heart attack, and low cognitive function were associated with severe depression. CONCLUSIONS Depression, particularly mild depression, is common in rural elderly Chinese. Among a number of factors identified in this cohort as being significantly associated with depressive symptoms, living alone and lower cognitive function were the most consistent factors associated with depressive symptoms, mild and severe depression. History of stroke, heart attack, and fracture were also risk factors for depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Gao
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Yinlong Jin
- Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Frederick W. Unverzagt
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaoke Liang
- Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kathleen S. Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Feng Ma
- Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jill R. Murrell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yibin Cheng
- Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Janetta Matesan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianchao Bian
- Shandong Institute for Prevention and Treatment of Endemic Disease in China, Jinan, China
| | - Hugh C. Hendrie
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Perceptions of self-stigma and its correlates among older adults with depression: a preliminary study. Int Psychogeriatr 2009; 21:1180-9. [PMID: 19586565 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610209990470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common in old age and is often associated with stigma. However, to date, little is known about self-stigma (internalization of stigmatic beliefs) in depressed older people despite its importance and consequences. The aim of this study was to examine self-stigma and its correlates in depressed older people. METHODS Phone interviews were conducted with 54 persons diagnosed with major depression (78% female, average age = 74) from a psychogeriatric clinic in the central area of Israel. Self-stigma was assessed using an adapted version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Health (ISMI) scale. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Self-esteem was measured using Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale. Information regarding sociodemographic and psychiatric health characteristics was also collected. RESULTS Self-stigma was relatively moderate with 10% to 20% of the participants reporting self-stigma. Those who reported higher levels of self-stigma were younger than those who did not report it. Income and education were lower in persons who reported high levels of stigmatization. Persons who reported stigmatization scored higher on the GDS and reported lower self-esteem than those without stigmatization. CONCLUSIONS This study represents an effort to examine the correlates of self-stigma in depressed older people. Since self-stigma exists among older adults, further studies are required to extend this body of knowledge.
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