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Bareeqa SB, Samar SS, Masood Y, Husain MM. Prevalence of Suicidal Behaviors in Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231176309. [PMID: 37247610 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231176309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term care facilities (LTC) plays a pivotal role in caring for geriatric population. However, the risk of suicide in long-term care institutions among older individuals is little understood (e.g., nursing homes, assisted living facilities). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review is to pool and meta-analyze the data on prevalence of suicidal behaviors in geriatric population residing in long-term care facilities. METHODS We have conducted the systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The utilized databases are Pubmed, Medline, Google scholar and Scopus. The Meta-analysis was done using OpenMeta [analyst] software. Subgroup analysis was also performed. RESULTS After running an analysis on pooled data from twenty cross-sectional studies with 3,023,224 participants, the prevalence of suicidal behavior is 6.4% (95% CI = 5.7-7) in LTC. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis shows pooled prevalence of suicidal behavior among geriatric residents of LTC was found to be moderately high all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasir Masood
- Department of Social Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mustafa M Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA
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2
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Magistro D, Carlevaro F, Magno F, Simon M, Camp N, Kinrade N, Zecca M, Musella G. Effects of 1 Year of Lifestyle Intervention on Institutionalized Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7612. [PMID: 34300062 PMCID: PMC8303470 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The socio-economic and health consequences of our ageing population are well documented, with older adults living in long-term care facilities amongst the frailest possessing specific and significant healthcare and social care needs. These needs may be exacerbated through the sedentary behaviour which is prevalent within care home settings. Reducing sedentary time can reduce the risk of many diseases and improve functional health, implying that improvements in health may be gained by simply helping older adults substitute time spent sitting with time spent standing or in light-intensity ambulation. This study identified the impact of 1 year of lifestyle intervention in a group of older adults living in a long-term care setting in Italy. One hundred and eleven older adults (mean age, 82.37 years; SD = 10.55 years) participated in the study. Sixty-nine older adults were in the intervention group (35 without severe cognitive decline and 34 with dementia) and 42 older adults were in the control group. Data on physical functioning, basic activities of daily living (BADL) and mood were collected 4 times, before, during (every four months) and after the 1 year of intervention. The lifestyle intervention focused on improving the amount of time spent every week in active behaviour and physical activity (minimum 150 min of weekly activities). All participants completed the training program and no adverse events, related to the program, occurred. The intervention group showed steady and significant improvements in physical functioning and a stable situation in BADL and mood following the intervention in older adults with and without dementia, whilst the control group exhibited a significant decline over time. These results suggest that engagement in a physical activity intervention may benefit care home residents with and without dementia both physically and mentally, leading to improved social care and a reduced burden on healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Magistro
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (N.C.); (N.K.)
| | - Fabio Carlevaro
- Polo Universitario Asti Studi Superiori (Uni-Astiss), 14100 Asti, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesca Magno
- Polo Universitario Asti Studi Superiori (Uni-Astiss), 14100 Asti, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (G.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Simon
- Polo Universitario Asti Studi Superiori (Uni-Astiss), 14100 Asti, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Nicola Camp
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (N.C.); (N.K.)
| | - Noel Kinrade
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (N.C.); (N.K.)
| | - Massimiliano Zecca
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Giovanni Musella
- Polo Universitario Asti Studi Superiori (Uni-Astiss), 14100 Asti, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (G.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
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Beghi M, Butera E, Cerri CG, Cornaggia CM, Febbo F, Mollica A, Berardino G, Piscitelli D, Resta E, Logroscino G, Daniele A, Altamura M, Bellomo A, Panza F, Lozupone M. Suicidal behaviour in older age: A systematic review of risk factors associated to suicide attempts and completed suicides. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:193-211. [PMID: 33878336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In older age, several observational studies investigated risk factors for suicide attempts/completed suicides; however, contrasting evidence came from population-based setting. In the present systematic review, we described through a narrative synthesis the significant associations existing among risk factors and suicide attempts/completed suicides in subjects aged >65 years. From the 39 population-based studies selected in six different databases until February 15, 2021, we analyzed the most frequent 28 risk factors for suicidal behaviour. The risk factors more associated to suicide attempts than other variables frequently related to suicidal behavior in older age were: depressive disorders, methods employed to self-harm (particularly poisoning), and psychotropic drug utilization followed by psychological factors and disability. Moreover, male sex, violent methods to self-harm, any psychiatric disorder (depression, anxiety and bipolar disorders), a poor medical condition, stressors/bereavement, and living alone appeared to be more significant for predicting completed suicides in late life. In older age, efforts for suicide prevention should be based on strategies to assess and treat psychiatric disorders along with psychological interventions, particularly in males.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Butera
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Febbo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anita Mollica
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Berardino
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniele Piscitelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emanuela Resta
- Translational Medicine and Management of Health Systems, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico, Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Healthy Aging Phenotypes Research Unit, "Salus in Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Chai Y, Luo H, Yip PSF, Perlman CM, Hirdes JP. Factors Associated With Hospital Presentation of Self-Harm Among Older Canadians in Long-Term Care: A 12-Year Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:2160-2168.e18. [PMID: 33454310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the incidence of, and factors associated with, hospital presentation for self-harm among older Canadians in long-term care (LTC). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The LTC data were collected using Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set (RAI-MDS) and Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC), and linked to the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) with hospital records of self-harm diagnosis. Adults aged 60+ at first assessment between April 1, 2003, and March 31, 2015, were included. METHODS Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of self-harm for potentially relevant factors, including demographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics, were calculated using Fine & Gray competing risk models. RESULTS Records were collated of 465,870 people in long-term care facilities (LTCF), and 773,855 people receiving home care (HC). Self-harm incidence per 100,000 person-years was 20.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 20.31-25.40] for LTCF and 46.64 (44.24-49.12) for HC. In LTCF, the strongest risks were younger age (60-74 years vs 90+: HR, 6.00; 95% CI, 3.24-11.12), psychiatric disorders (bipolar disorder: 3.46; 2.32-5.16; schizophrenia: 2.31; 1.47-3.62; depression: 2.29; 1.80-2.92), daily severe pain (2.01; 1.30-3.11), and daily tobacco consumption (1.78; 1.29-2.45). For those receiving HC, the strongest risk factors were younger age (60-74 years vs 90+: 2.54; 1.97-3.28), psychiatric disorders (2.20; 1.93-2.50), daily tobacco consumption (2.08; 1.81-2.39), and frequent falls (1.98; 1.46-2.68). All model interactions between setting and factors were significant. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS There was lower incidence of hospital presentation for self-harm for LTCF residents than HC recipients. We found sizable risks of self-harm associated with several modifiable risk factors, some of which can be directly addressed by better treatment and care (psychiatric disorders and pain), whereas others require through more complex interventions that target underlying factors and causes (tobacco and falls). The findings highlight a need for setting- and risk-specific prevention strategies to address self-harm in the older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chai
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Paul S F Yip
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher M Perlman
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - John P Hirdes
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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5
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Chauliac N, Leaune E, Gardette V, Poulet E, Duclos A. Suicide Prevention Interventions for Older People in Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities: A Systematic Review. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2020; 33:307-315. [PMID: 31840568 DOI: 10.1177/0891988719892343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The death rate due to suicide among older people is high, especially among men. Because many older people live in nursing homes or long-term care facilities in high-income countries, reviewing the impact of prevention strategies on the suicidal behavior of residents in these settings is of interest. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review of the existing literature found in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts, focusing on interventions to prevent suicidal behavior or ideation in nursing home residents. The studies' quality was evaluated according to TIDieR and MMAT. RESULTS Only 6 studies met the inclusion criteria. Four of them described various "gatekeeper" trainings for nursing home staff and 2 described interventions focused on residents. Only 1 study was randomized. Gatekeeper training studies were mostly before/after comparisons. No intervention demonstrated a direct effect on suicidal ideation or behaviors. One study showed that "life review" had a long-lasting effect on depression scores and another that gatekeeper training led to changes in the care of suicidal residents. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to prevent suicidal ideation or behaviors in nursing homes are not rigorously evaluated, and no conclusion can be drawn on their effectiveness in preventing suicidal behaviors. We propose to better evaluate gatekeeper training for staff as well as peer support. Individual interventions targeting residents could be modified for broader implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chauliac
- Suicide Prevention Centre, le Vinatier hospital, Bron, France.,EA 7425 HESPER Health Services and Performance Research, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Edouard Leaune
- Suicide Prevention Centre, le Vinatier hospital, Bron, France.,Institut de Recherches Philosophiques de Lyon, Jean Moulin Lyon 3 University, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Gardette
- 165271UMR INSERM 1027, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France.,University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Poulet
- Suicide Prevention Centre, le Vinatier hospital, Bron, France.,Psychiatrie des Urgences, Edouard Herriot university hospital, Lyon, France.,PsyR2 team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR 5292 / Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, le Vinatier hospital, Bron, France
| | - Antoine Duclos
- EA 7425 HESPER Health Services and Performance Research, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Edouard Herriot university hospital, Lyon, France
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Chauliac N, Brochard N, Payet C, Margue Y, Bordin P, Depraz P, Dumont A, Kroupa E, Pacaut-Troncin M, Polo P, Straub S, Boissin J, Burtin C, Montoya G, Rivière A, Didier C, Fournel C, Durand C, Barrellon M, Amigues O, Brosson A, Mahé E, Haxaire O, Bonnot C, Defaux M, Rougier D, Gaultier A, Gutierrez A, Pozo M, Lefèvre V, Nier A, Bolzan S, Liautaud M, Barbosa S, Garcia S, Anfreville A, Mazille S, Durantet C, Morlon M, Gaboriau C, Halbert C, Cholvy M, Milinkovich P, Martin L, Maury-Abello L, Toulier B, Kerleguer V, Gabriel S, Duclos A, Terra JL. How does gatekeeper training improve suicide prevention for elderly people in nursing homes? A controlled study in 24 centres. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 37:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe death rate due to suicide in elderly people is particularly high. As part of suicide selective prevention measures for at-risk populations, the WHO recommends training “gatekeepers”.MethodsIn order to assess the impact of gatekeeper training for members of staff, we carried out a controlled quasi-experimental study over the course of one year, comparing 12 nursing homes where at least 30% of the staff had undergone gatekeeper training with 12 nursing homes without trained staff. We collected data about the residents considered to be suicidal, their management further to being identified, as well as measures taken at nursing home level to prevent suicide.ResultsThe two nursing home groups did not present significantly different characteristics. In the nursing homes with trained staff, the staff were deemed to be better prepared to approach suicidal individuals. The detection of suicidal residents relied more on the whole staff and less on the psychologist alone when compared to nursing homes without trained staff. A significantly larger number of measures were taken to manage suicidal residents in the trained nursing homes. Suicidal residents were more frequently referred to the psychologist. Trained nursing homes put in place significantly more suicide prevention measures at an institutional level.ConclusionsHaving trained gatekeepers has an impact not only for the trained individuals but also for the whole institution where they work, both in terms of managing suicidal residents and routine suicide prevention measures.
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7
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Gleeson H, Hafford-Letchfield T, Quaife M, Collins DA, Flynn A. Preventing and responding to depression, self-harm, and suicide in older people living in long term care settings: a systematic review. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1467-1477. [PMID: 30392380 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1501666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The well documented demographic shift to an aging population means that more people will in future be in need of long term residential care. Previous research has reported an increased risk of mental health issues and suicidal ideation among older people living in residential care settings. However, there is little information on the actual prevalence of depression, self-harm, and suicidal behavior in this population, how it is measured and how care homes respond to these issues. Method: This systematic review of international literature addressed three research questions relating to; the prevalence of mental health problems in this population; how they are identified and; how care homes try to prevent or respond to mental health issues. Results: Findings showed higher reported rates of depression and suicidal behavior in care home residents compared to matched age groups in the community, variation in the use of standardised measures across studies and, interventions almost exclusively focused on increasing staff knowledge about mental health but with an absence of involvement of older people themselves in these programmes. Conclusion: We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of addressing mental health difficulties experienced by older people in residential care and future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Gleeson
- Department of Mental Health, Social Work & Interprofessional Learning, School of Health and Education, Room T304, Middlesex University , London
| | - Trish Hafford-Letchfield
- Professor of Social Care, Department of Mental Health, Social Work, Interprofessional Learning and Integrative Medicine School of Health and Education Middlesex University , London , UK
| | - Matthew Quaife
- Department of Mental Health, Social Work & Interprofessional Learning, School of Health & Education, Middlesex University , London , UK
| | - Daniela A Collins
- Director of Programmes Mental Health, Department of Mental Health, Social Work & Interprofessional Learning, School of Health and Education, Middlesex University , London , UK
| | - Ann Flynn
- Staff Tutor and Locality Lead (London & South East), Open University London and the South East, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care , Milton Keynes , UK
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8
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Murphy B, Kennedy B, Martin C, Bugeja L, Willoughby M, Ibrahim JE. Health and Care Related Risk Factors for Suicide Among Nursing Home Residents: A Data Linkage Study. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:695-706. [PMID: 29665103 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine associations between health status and care needs of nursing home residents and risk of death from suicide compared to other causes through a retrospective data linkage cohort study examining nursing home resident deaths in Australia between 2000 and 2013. Data linkage was performed between aged care assessment tools-Resident Classification System and Aged Care Funding Instrument-and the National Coronial Information System. A competing risks survival analysis was performed to determine the association between care assessment variables (activities of daily living (ADL), behavior, and complex health care) and the risk of death from suicide and any other cause. Of the 146 nursing home residents who died from suicide, 130 (89%) were matched to their assessment data, with comparable information available for 95 residents (65%). Residents who required high levels of care with ADL, physical health care, and cognitive and behavioral issues had a higher risk of dying from all other causes, yet lower risk of dying from suicide. The study findings demonstrate the feasibility and value of linking these two data sets; highlight a need for improved data collection processes; and support a person-centered care approach for prevention of suicide among nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony Murphy
- Health, Law, & Ageing Research Unit (HLARU), Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Vic., Australia
| | - Briohny Kennedy
- Health, Law, & Ageing Research Unit (HLARU), Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Vic., Australia
| | - Catherine Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Vic., Australia
| | - Lyndal Bugeja
- Health, Law, & Ageing Research Unit (HLARU), Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Vic., Australia
| | - Melissa Willoughby
- Health, Law, & Ageing Research Unit (HLARU), Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Vic., Australia
| | - Joseph E Ibrahim
- Health, Law, & Ageing Research Unit (HLARU), Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Vic., Australia
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9
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Minayo MCDS, Figueiredo AEB, Mangas RMDN. Study of scientific publications (2002-2017) on suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and self-neglect of elderly people hospitalized in Long-Term Care Establishments. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:1393-1404. [PMID: 31066841 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018244.01422019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a study on scientific work on the ideation, suicide attempt and self-neglect of elderly residents in LTCEs from 2002 to 2017. Documents were retrieved from the following sources: BVS/SP, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science, with the following descriptors: suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, self-neglect, elderly, long-term care establishment, and their correspondents in Portuguese, Spanish and French. Twenty-six papers on the subject were found. There is a consensus among the authors, whose texts are analyzed here, concerning the factors that lead the elderly to suicidal behavior: depression, illness and pain, complicated and traumatic mourning, anxiety and despair after recovery from depressive episode, poor living conditions, death of close relatives, friends, family conflicts, family history of self-inflicted events. The protection factors found are religiosity, optimistic lifestyle, satisfaction with life and investment in the autonomy and power of relationships and communication and monitored drug therapy for mental disorders such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo
- Departamento de Estudos de Violência e Saúde Jorge Careli, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz. Av. Brasil 4036/700. 21040-361 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Ana Elisa Bastos Figueiredo
- Departamento de Estudos de Violência e Saúde Jorge Careli, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz. Av. Brasil 4036/700. 21040-361 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Raimunda Matilde do Nascimento Mangas
- Departamento de Estudos de Violência e Saúde Jorge Careli, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz. Av. Brasil 4036/700. 21040-361 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
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Murphy BJ, Bugeja LC, Pilgrim JL, Ibrahim JE. Suicide among nursing home residents in Australia: A national population-based retrospective analysis of medico-legal death investigation information. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:786-796. [PMID: 29505665 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suicide among nursing home residents is a growing public health concern, currently lacking in empirical research. This study aims to describe the frequency and nature of suicide among nursing home residents in Australia. METHODS This research comprised a national population-based retrospective analysis of suicide deaths among nursing home residents in Australia reported to the Coroner between July 2000 and December 2013. Cases were identified using the National Coronial Information System, and data collected from paper-based coroners' records on individual, incident, and organizational factors, as well as details of the medico-legal death investigation. Data analysis comprised univariate and bivariate descriptive statistical techniques; ecological analysis of incidence rates using population denominators; and comparison of age and sex of suicide cases to deaths from other causes using logistic regression. RESULTS The study identified 141 suicides among nursing home residents, occurring at a rate of 0.02 deaths per 100 000 resident bed days. The ratio of deaths from suicide to deaths from any other cause was higher in males than females (OR = 3.56, 95%CI = 2.48-5.12, P = <0.001). Over half of the residents who died from suicide had a diagnosis of depression (n = 93, 66.0%) and had resided in the nursing home for less than 12 months (n = 71, 50.3%). Common major life stressors identified in suicide cases included the following: health deterioration (n = 112, 79.4%); isolation and loneliness (n = 60, 42.6%); and maladjustment to nursing home life (n = 42, 29.8%). CONCLUSIONS This research provides a foundational understanding of suicide among nursing home residents in Australia and contributes important new information to the international knowledge base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony J Murphy
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyndal C Bugeja
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Pilgrim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph E Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, VIC, Australia
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11
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Couillet A, Terra JL, Brochard N, Chauliac N. Barriers to the Prevention of Suicide in Nursing Homes. CRISIS 2017; 38:423-432. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: The suicide rate in older people is high. Gatekeeper training is recommended for at-risk populations in the detection and management of suicidal residents in nursing homes. Aims: This study focuses on how caregivers in nursing homes consider suicide in older people from a social perspective, and to what extent these social representations are an obstacle to the prevention of suicide. Method: This study is both observational and qualitative, and is based on semi-directed one-to-one interviews with caregivers. Results: We met with 18 caregivers from three nursing homes in 2015. We show that the social representations of caregivers working in nursing homes are essentially identical to those of the general population and those found in other studies on paramedics. Suicide is seen as an expression of autonomy, a response to the suffering associated with aging and the living conditions imposed on older people in our society, particularly in nursing homes. Limitations: Our study highlights the problems inherent to the position of caregiver, in which we can observe a conflict between professional missions and personal ideology. Conclusion: This study confirms the need to continue training on suicide prevention in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Couillet
- Suicide Prevention Center (Centre de révention du Suicide), Centre hospitalier le Vinatier, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Louis Terra
- Suicide Prevention Center (Centre de révention du Suicide), Centre hospitalier le Vinatier, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe d'Accueil 4129 Laboratoire P2S Parcours Santé Systémique, Lyon, France
| | - Nassima Brochard
- Suicide Prevention Center (Centre de révention du Suicide), Centre hospitalier le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Nicolas Chauliac
- Suicide Prevention Center (Centre de révention du Suicide), Centre hospitalier le Vinatier, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Health Services and Performance Research Lab (HESPER) EA 7425, Lyon, France
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Scocco P, Toffol E, Frasson A, Cavrini G, Argentino P, Azzarito C, Federici S, Putzu PF, de Girolamo G. Associations between conflictual relationships, psychopathology, and the use of psychotropic drugs among older people living in residential facilities. Psychogeriatrics 2017; 17:25-32. [PMID: 26817664 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric symptoms and conflictual relationships (CR) may negatively affect the delivery of care in residential facilities (RF). This study aims to analyze neuropsychiatric symptoms, their correlations with CR among older people living in RF, and their associations with the prescription of psychotropic drugs. METHODS A total of 1215 RF residents in five Italian regions were selected for this cross-sectional study. Psychiatric symptoms and CR were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Resident Assessment Instrument, respectively. Associations between Neuropsychiatric Inventory items, CR, and the use of psychotropic drugs were tested via multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS About half (52.7%) of the RF residents experienced one or more clinically relevant neuropsychiatric symptoms. At least one category of CR was reported for 223 residents (19%). Although reciprocal associations were found between different categories of CR, only conflictuality with other residents was associated with the use of antipsychotics (odds ratio (OR) = 2.12). Significant associations were found with irritability (with staff: OR = 2.35; with relatives: OR = 3.09), aberrant motor behaviour (with staff: OR = 2.02), and elation (with relatives: OR = 10.55). CONCLUSIONS Neuropsychiatric symptoms and CR are common among RF residents and are reciprocally associated. Further research with longitudinal design is needed to better understand this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Scocco
- Mental Health Department, ULSS 16, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Toffol
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alberto Frasson
- Mental Health Department, ULSS 15, Camposampiero, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Cavrini
- Faculty of Education, University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo F Putzu
- Geriatrics Division, Hospital Santissima Trinità, Cagliari, Italy
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Murphy BJ, Bugeja L, Pilgrim J, Ibrahim JE. Completed suicide among nursing home residents: a systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 30:802-14. [PMID: 26010874 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to systematically review published research describing the frequency, nature, and contributing factors of completed suicides among nursing home residents. METHODS In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement, this review examined all original, peer-reviewed literature published in English between 1 January 1949 and 31 December 2013 describing completed suicides among nursing home residents. Information extracted for analysis included: study and population characteristics, method of suicide, potential risk factors, and interventions. RESULTS Eight studies were identified; the majority (n = 5) conducted in the United States of America. There were 113 suicides in nursing homes reported in the literature, 101 with detailed information available for aggregate analysis. The majority were male (n = 62, 61.4%), aged between 61 and 93 years. Suicide was most commonly by hanging (n = 27, 38.0%) or falling from a height (n = 27, 38.0%). Risk factors were considered in a proportion of studies. Depression was examined in 27 cases and present in 18 (67%). Duration of residence was examined in 25 cases, 13 (52%) of which had resided in the nursing home less than 12 months. Physical health was examined in 22 cases, 11 (50%) of whom were experiencing physical decline. Prior suicidal behaviour, cognitive function, and personal loss were also examined. Organizational risk factors and intervention strategies were rarely considered. CONCLUSIONS There is a paucity of research describing completed suicide among nursing home residents. More large-scale research is required using standardized methods for reporting information to better understand and prevent completed suicides in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony J Murphy
- Monash University Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyndal Bugeja
- Monash University Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Pilgrim
- Monash University Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph E Ibrahim
- Monash University Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, VIC, Australia
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Mezuk B, Lohman M, Leslie M, Powell V. Suicide Risk in Nursing Homes and Assisted Living Facilities: 2003-2011. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:1495-502. [PMID: 25973805 PMCID: PMC4463392 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the epidemiology of suicide among adults aged 50 years and older in nursing homes and assisted living facilities and whether anticipating transitioning into long-term care (LTC) is a risk factor for suicide. METHODS Data come from the Virginia Violent Death Reporting System (2003-2011). We matched locations of suicides (n = 3453) against publicly available resource registries of nursing homes (n = 285) and assisted living facilities (n = 548). We examined individual and organizational correlates of suicide by logistic regression. We identified decedents anticipating entry into LTC through qualitative text analysis. RESULTS Incidence of suicide was 14.16 per 100 000 in nursing homes and 15.66 in the community. Better performance on Nursing Home Compare quality metrics was associated with higher odds of suicide in nursing homes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21, 3.14). Larger facility size was associated with higher suicide risk in assisted living facilities (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.01). Text narratives identified 38 decedents anticipating transitioning into LTC and 16 whose loved one recently transitioned or resided in LTC. CONCLUSIONS LTC may be an important point of engagement in suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Mezuk
- At the time of the study, Briana Mezuk and Matthew Lohman were with the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond. Briana Mezuk is also with the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Marc Leslie and Virginia Powell are with the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond
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Ibrahim JE, Murphy BJ, Bugeja L, Ranson D. Nature and extent of external-cause deaths of nursing home residents in Victoria, Australia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:954-62. [PMID: 25940003 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the nature and extent of external-cause deaths of residents of nursing homes in Victoria, Australia. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of all decedents using routinely collected data contained within the National Coronial Information System. SETTING Accredited nursing homes in Victoria. PARTICIPANTS Nursing home residents who had died from external causes and whose deaths were reported to the Coroners Court between July 1, 2000, and December 31, 2012. MEASUREMENTS Basic descriptive analysis was conducted to measure frequencies and proportion of exposures within each outcome group, and rates were calculated using population data. RESULTS One thousand two hundred ninety-six external cause deaths of nursing home residents were identified. Deaths were due to falls (n=1,155, 89.1%), choking (n=89, 6.9%), suicide (n=17, 1.3%), complications of clinical care (n=8, 0.6%) and resident-on-resident assault (n=7, 0.5%). Deaths occurred more frequently in women (n=814, 62.8%), in keeping with the sex distribution in nursing homes, and residents aged 85 and older (n=923, 71.2%). The number of inquests held to investigate a death as a matter of public interest was small (n=24, 1.9%). CONCLUSION A significant proportion of nursing home resident deaths are from external causes and are potentially preventable. A shift in community attitudes is required toward an understanding that premature death of a resident from injury is not a natural part of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Briony J Murphy
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lyndal Bugeja
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ranson
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Suicide is the deliberate act of causing death by self-directed injurious behavior with intent to die. Assisted dying, also known as assisted suicide, involves others to help hasten death. Physician-assisted dying specifically refers to the participation of a physician in facilitating one's death by providing a lethal means. Any decision to actively end a life has profound emotional and psychological effects on survivors. The article discusses the effects that older adults' deaths through suicide, assisted dying, and physician-assisted dying have on survivors and the implications for clinical practice.
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Mezuk B, Rock A, Lohman MC, Choi M. Suicide risk in long-term care facilities: a systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:1198-211. [PMID: 24854089 PMCID: PMC4232590 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide risk is highest in later life; however, little is known about the risk of suicide among older adults in long-term care facilities (e.g., nursing homes and assisted living facilities). The goal of this paper is to review and synthesize the descriptive and analytic epidemiology of suicide in long-term care settings over the past 25 years. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Web of Knowledge, and EBSCOHost Academic Search Complete) were searched for empirical studies of suicide risk in nursing homes, assisted living, and other residential facilities from 1985 to 2013. Of the 4073 unique research articles identified, 37 were selected for inclusion in this review. RESULTS Of the included reports, 21 were cross-sectional, 8 cohort, 3 qualitative, and 5 intervention studies. Most studies indicate that suicidal thoughts (active and passive) are common among residents (prevalence in the past month: 5-33%), although completed suicide is rare. Correlates of suicidal thoughts among long-term care residents include depression, social isolation, loneliness, and functional decline. Most studies examined only individual-level correlates of suicide, although there is suggestive evidence that organizational characteristics (e.g., bed size and staffing) may also be relevant. CONCLUSIONS Existing research on suicide risk in long-term care facilities is limited but suggests that this is an important issue for clinicians and medical directors to be aware of and address. Research is needed on suicide risk in assisted living and other non-nursing home residential settings, as well as the potential role of organizational characteristics on emotional well-being for residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Mezuk
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Andrew Rock
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Matthew C. Lohman
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Moon Choi
- College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Torresani S, Toffol E, Scocco P, Fanolla A. Suicide in elderly South Tyroleans in various residential settings at the time of death: a psychological autopsy study. Psychogeriatrics 2014; 14:101-9. [PMID: 24954833 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Completed suicide is more frequent among older adults than any other age group. Data on suicide in nursing homes and other residential facilities are inconsistent. This work aims to describe the characteristics of elderly suicide victims in different residential settings compared to young suicide victims. METHODS Data on people who died by suicide in the South Tyrol (Alto Adige) region of Italy between 2000 and 2009 were gathered from the local Provincial Mortality Register. Further detailed information was collected via questionnaires to mental health departments and psychological services, family physicians and relatives of the deceased. RESULTS A total of 525 cases of suicide were recorded, with a linearly decreasing trend during the study period. About one-third of the suicides occurred in those aged 60 years and over. Suicide in the elderly was associated with low education level (odds ratio (OR) = 7.1, P < 0.001), living in a one-person household (OR = 2.4, P < 0.01), not having economic troubles (OR = 6.1, P < 0.01), having seen a doctor in the past month (OR = 2.4, P < 0.01) and living in a residential facility (OR = 2.6, P < 0.05). Twenty-four (17.9%) suicide victims aged 60 years and over were in a residential facility/hospital at the time of the death. They were more likely to be women, not married, and to die by jumping from a height. CONCLUSIONS The suicide risk should be carefully assessed in the elderly who live alone or are institutionalized or hospitalized. Efforts are warranted to reduce seniors' access to high places in hospitals and facilities.
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Lapierre S, Erlangsen A, Waern M, De Leo D, Oyama H, Scocco P, Gallo J, Szanto K, Conwell Y, Draper B, Quinnett P. A systematic review of elderly suicide prevention programs. CRISIS 2011; 32:88-98. [PMID: 21602163 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates are highest among the elderly, yet research on suicide prevention in old age remains a much-neglected area. AIMS We carried out a systematic review to examine the results of interventions aimed at suicidal elderly persons and to identify successful strategies and areas needing further exploration. METHODS Searches through various electronic databases yielded 19 studies with an empirical evaluation of a suicide prevention or intervention program designed especially for adults aged 60 years and older. RESULTS Most studies were centered on the reduction of risk factors (depression screening and treatment, and decreasing isolation), but when gender was considered, programs were mostly efficient for women. The empirical evaluations of programs attending to the needs of high-risk older adults seemed positive; most studies showed a reduction in the level of suicidal ideation of patients or in the suicide rate of the participating communities. However, not all studies used measures of suicidality to evaluate the outcome of the intervention, and rarely did they aim at improving protective factors. CONCLUSIONS Innovative strategies should improve resilience and positive aging, engage family and community gatekeepers, use telecommunications to reach vulnerable older adult, and evaluate the effects of means restriction and physicians education on elderly suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lapierre
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
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Seyfried LS, Kales HC, Ignacio RV, Conwell Y, Valenstein M. Predictors of suicide in patients with dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7:567-73. [PMID: 22055973 PMCID: PMC3210437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing predictors of suicide and means of completion in patients with dementia may aid the development of interventions to reduce risk of suicide among the growing population of individuals with dementia. METHODS This national, retrospective, cohort study used data from the Department of Veterans Affairs (fiscal years 2001-2005). The sample included patients ≥60 years old diagnosed with dementia (N = 294,952), of which 241 committed suicide. Potential predictors of suicide were identified using logistic regression. Suicide methods are also reported. RESULTS Increased risk of suicide was associated with white race (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.8), depression (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.9), a history of inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.5), and prescription fills of antidepressants (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.8) or anxiolytics (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.7). Nursing home admission was associated with lower suicide risk (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8). Severity of medical comorbidity did not affect risk of suicide. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the majority of suicides occurred in those who were newly diagnosed with dementia. Firearms were the most common method of suicide (73%) used. CONCLUSIONS Given the higher rate of suicide in those receiving treatment for psychiatric symptoms and the high proportion that died using firearms, closer monitoring and assessment of gun access may be an important part of initial treatment planning for older male patients with dementia, particularly those with symptoms of depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Seyfried
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Yan SM, Yi SG. Death and suicidal ideation among nursing home residents in a Chinese city – a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/17525098.2011.590463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Malfent D, Wondrak T, Kapusta ND, Sonneck G. Suicidal ideation and its correlates among elderly in residential care homes. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010; 25:843-9. [PMID: 19946865 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The highest suicide rates are found among the elderly, therefore suicidal ideation is prevalent in long-term care facilities. Despite these facts and multiplying losses, most residents show no signs of suicidal ideation. There is a lack of information on which factors protect against suicidal thoughts among the elderly. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation with risk and protective factors among older residential care home residents in Vienna. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 Viennese residential care homes. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire containing sociodemographic factors, physical health, mental health, and protective factors like optimistic attributional style, self-efficacy, and internal locus of control as well as satisfaction with life and were finally asked about active and passive suicidal thoughts and behaviors. RESULTS With the voluntary participation of 129 residents aged 60 years or more, active suicidal ideation during the last month was identified in 7% of the elderly, 11% reported active suicidal ideation during the past year. Primarily, we found that protective factors like internal locus of control, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with life were important single predictors of active suicidal ideation during the past month. Depressive symptoms and current psychotherapeutic treatment were additionally important predictors. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation is prevalent in Viennese residential care homes; consequently it is necessary to recognize and treat suicidal ideation in an adequate way. Our findings suggest that research and prevention strategies could not merely target risk, but also include protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Malfent
- Centre for Public Health, Institute for Medical Psychology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Examining an often under-appreciated area, Carol Podgorski and colleagues discuss the suicide risk and opportunities for suicide prevention in seniors' residential communities.
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Abstract
SummarySuicide is accepted as a major health problem worldwide, especially in the young and middle aged. It is, however, a significant health problem in older people as well, and those aged 65 years and over generally have the highest suicide rates compared with all other age groups. In research literature from the last decade, there has been an increased interest in disentangling the phenomenon of suicide in later life. This paper aims to critically review the literature on suicide and suicidality in later life published from 2000 to 2009. Prevalence rates as well as risk and protective factors are mapped and correlates reviewed. The association between suicidality and help-seeking behaviour is considered. Finally, potential prevention strategies are reviewed.
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Scocco P, Fantoni G, Rapattoni M, de Girolamo G, Pavan L. Death ideas, suicidal thoughts, and plans among nursing home residents. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2009; 22:141-8. [PMID: 19307321 DOI: 10.1177/0891988709332937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that suicides are at least as frequent among Nursing Home (NH) residents as they are among older people in the general population. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of death- and/or suicidal feelings, thoughts, and plans and any attempted suicides in a random, unselected sample (N=288) of individuals aged 65-years-and-over, living in NHs located in the Veneto Region (the Italian North-East). One hundred seventy-two participants were surveyed with a response rate of 59.7%. Five sample questions were asked to investigate the presence of death- and suicidal thoughts, plans and behaviors in different time periods. Among the NH residents, 30.8% admitted having had death or suicidal thoughts or plans during the month prior to the interview. The oldest-old residents (85+y) more frequently reported death-suicide ideation. This high frequency of death and/or suicidal feelings and thoughts among older NH residents should be carefully considered when planning and implementing health care programs in these facilities.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND While dementia is more common in older people and suicide rates in many countries are higher among the elderly, there is some doubt about the association between these two phenomena. METHODS A search of the major relevant databases was carried out to examine the evidence for this possible association. RESULTS The association between dementia and suicide and also non-fatal self-harm did not appear strong but many studies have significant methodological limitations and there are few studies of suicide or self-harm in vascular, frontotemporal, Lewy body and HIV dementia where such behavior might be expected to be more common. Rates of self-harm may be increased in mild dementia and are higher before than after predictive testing for Huntington's disease. Overall, the risk of suicide in dementia appears to be the same or less than that of the age-matched general population but is increased soon after diagnosis, in patients diagnosed with dementia during hospitalization and in Huntington's disease. Putative risk factors for suicide in dementia include depression, hopelessness, mild cognitive impairment, preserved insight, younger age and failure to respond to anti-dementia drugs. Large, good quality prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. CONCLUSIONS Further research should be undertaken to examine how rates of suicide and self-harm change during the course of the illness and vary according to the specific sub-type of dementia.
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Scocco P, de Girolamo G, Vilagut G, Alonso J. Prevalence of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts and related risk factors in Italy: results from the European Study on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders--World Mental Health study. Compr Psychiatry 2008; 49:13-21. [PMID: 18063036 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As in other Mediterranean countries, suicide mortality rates in Italy are generally lower than they are in Northern and Central European countries and on other continents (eg, North America, Australia). Yet, no studies to date have examined the prevalence of and risk factors for suicide ideation, plans, and attempts, in the general population in Italy. METHODS Suicide ideation, plans, and attempts and potential risk factors were assessed in a community survey conducted with 4712 adult respondents (response rate, 71.2%). The participants had been selected from Italian municipality resident registries and made up a stratified, multistage, clustered probability sample. The project was part of the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence (SE) of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts was 3.0% (0.3), 0.7% (0.1), and 0.5% (0.1), respectively. Prevalence rates of these suicide-related phenomena did not differ by Italian geographic macro-area (Northern, Central, and Southern Italy, including the islands of Sicily and Sardinia). Among ideators, the probability of ever making a plan was 24.6% (4.0) and attempt was 18.2% (4.5). The probability of making an attempt for ideators having made a suicide plan was nearly 50%. Risk factors for lifetime suicide-related phenomena were female sex, younger cohort, fewer years of education, and earlier onset age of suicide ideation. The presence of a common mental disorder, especially if comorbid, was associated with a significantly increased risk for all suicide phenomena investigated (ideation, plans, and attempts suicide). There were no substantial differences in the frequency of these phenomena among the 3 main macro-areas examined, that is, Northern, Central, and Southern Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia), which conversely show marked climate, socioeconomic, and cultural differences. CONCLUSION As shown in previous studies examining suicide, suicide continuum phenomena (in terms of ideation, plans, and attempt) in Italy were lower than typically observed for other European countries and did not differ for different macro-areas presenting remarkably different socioeconomic conditions. Prevalence rates of common mental disorders were equally lower in Italy than in other European countries. Although the detection of mental disorders represents an important step in suicide prevention, the correlations observed between various suicidal continuum manifestations suggest that timely recognition of suicide ideation and plans is an equally crucial factor in the implementation of effective preventive policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Scocco
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda-ULSS 16, 35100 Padua, Italy
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