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Ruyant Belabbas E, Manceau C, Wawrziczny E. The relationship at the heart of the experience of daughter caregivers of a parent with dementia: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. DEMENTIA 2024; 23:175-190. [PMID: 38078431 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231220223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents with dementia require emotional, physical, psychological and financial support from their child caregivers to continue living at home. Daughter caregivers have been shown to be more involved in self-care and household tasks and to experience higher levels of distress than son caregivers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of daughter caregivers who provide informal care for a parent with dementia living in their own home. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 daughter caregivers of a parent with Alzheimer's disease. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS Three axes emerged from the analyses: [1] the before conditions the after: the quality of the previous relationship with the parent with Alzheimer's disease is a determining factor and allows the identification of three profiles of daughter caregivers: 'the grateful', 'the resentful' and 'the ambivalent', [2] when the relationship protects against the sense of burden: the feeling of being invaded by the caregiving situation is influenced by the quality of the relationship with the parent with Alzheimer's disease, and [3] alone or almost: the support network is desired when it is absent but kept at arm's length when it is present. DISCUSSION The results underline the importance of assessing the quality of attachment and supporting the relationship with the parent (especially when the relationship prior to the disease was difficult). Daughter caregivers should also be encouraged to delegate tasks and refocus their actions related to their values. Family mediation sessions may be planned to improve the organisation of care and set up an efficient collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Manceau
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Emilie Wawrziczny
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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2
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Poulton A, Curnow L, Eratne D, Sexton A. Family Communication about Diagnostic Genetic Testing for Younger-Onset Dementia. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040621. [PMID: 37109007 PMCID: PMC10144767 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Younger-onset dementia (YOD) refers to onset before 65 years of age and may be associated with a genetic cause. Family communication surrounding any genetic risk is complex, and this process may be further complicated in a YOD context due to its effects on cognition, behaviour, and associated psychosocial consequences. This study aimed to investigate how individuals experience family communication about potential genetic risk and testing for YOD. Thematic analysis was performed on verbatim transcripts of nine semi-structured interviews undertaken with family members who attended a neurogenetics clinic due to a relative diagnosed with YOD. The interviews explored the participants’ experiences of learning that YOD might be inherited and the ensuing family communication about genetic testing. Four key themes emerged: (1) a clinical diagnostic odyssey was common and could be a motivator for genomic testing, (2) pre-existing family tension and/or disconnection was a common barrier, (3) family members’ autonomy was considered, and (4) avoidant coping strategies influenced communication. Communication regarding potential YOD genetic risk is a complicated process and may be influenced by pre-existing family dynamics, individual coping mechanisms, and a desire to promote autonomy in relatives. To promote effective risk communication, genetic counsellors should pre-emptively address family tensions that may be exacerbated in the context of genetic testing for YOD, with awareness that family strain during a preceding period of diagnostic odyssey is common. Genetic counsellors can offer psychosocial support to facilitate coping with this tension in an adaptive way. The findings also indicated the importance of extending genetic counselling support to relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Poulton
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Monash IVF Group Ltd., Cremorne, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Lisette Curnow
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dhamidhu Eratne
- Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiarty Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- Walter and Elize Hall Institue of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
| | - Adrienne Sexton
- Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Discipline of Genetic Counselling, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Gaylord S, Faurot KR, Shafer J, Harr E, Lathren C, Roth I, Giscombe K, Sheffield-Abdullah K, Williams S. Easing the burden of dementia caregiving: Protocol development for a telephone-delivered mindfulness intervention for rural, African American families. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 30:101031. [PMID: 36387990 PMCID: PMC9641173 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been few interventions targeted for rural African American (AA) caregivers of persons with dementia despite their unique cultural, geographic, health-related and socio-economic needs, including relatively less access to-and willingness to engage with-formal supports and resources. One effective intervention, Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), has been found to be culturally acceptable in AA populations; however, no studies have assessed feasibility, acceptability and impact of an adapted mindfulness intervention targeting rural AA dementia caregivers. Aims The purpose of this study is to 1) determine the feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-delivered mindfulness training intervention in decreasing caregiver burden among rural, AA, informal caregiving teams of people with dementia; 2) to explore the effects of the training on caregiver burden and relevant secondary outcomes for both caregiving team members, including emotional regulation, tolerance of uncertainty, emotional and physical health, family conflict within the informal caregiving team, and self-efficacy; and 3) to explore comfort with and willingness to adopt technologies to access mindfulness practices and existing caregiving educational resources. Methods Our study utilizes a single-group, uncontrolled design to assess the feasibility and acceptability of telephone-delivered mindfulness training designed to alleviate burden for rural caregivers of AA individuals with moderate to severe dementia. A care partner-the person who provides additional help -is included in the intervention. The primary outcome is feasibility of the telephone-delivered mindfulness intervention as assessed by an 85% retention rate with completion of at least 6 of the intervention sessions. Pre- and post-participation interviews assess acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Gaylord
- Program on Integrative Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keturah R. Faurot
- Program on Integrative Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Shafer
- Program on Integrative Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Corresponding author. Program on Integrative Medicine, Campus Box 7260, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7200, USA.
| | - Elondra Harr
- Program on Integrative Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christine Lathren
- Program on Integrative Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Isabel Roth
- Program on Integrative Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kessonga Giscombe
- Program on Integrative Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Sharon Williams
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Reinhoudt‐den Boer L, van Wijngaarden J, Huijsman R. Coproducing care and support delivery in healthcare triads: Dutch case managers for people with dementia at home using strategies to handle conflict in the healthcare triad. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e1560-e1569. [PMID: 34590370 PMCID: PMC9544691 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dutch policy stipulates that people with dementia should remain at home for as long as possible. If they need care, they must preferably appeal to family, friends and neighbours. Professional help and nursing homes are deemed last resorts. Therefore, case managers must coproduce their public services increasingly in healthcare triads with both people with dementia (PWDs) and their informal caregivers. Case managers are professionals who provide and coordinate care and support for PWDs and their informal caregivers during the entire trajectory from (suspected) diagnosis until institutionalisation. The literature on coproduction has focused on the bilateral interactions between service providers and users rather than the multilateral collaborative relationships through which many public services are currently delivered, as is the case in dementia care. Little is known about how frontline workers, case managers in this study, handle conflicts in these healthcare triads. Our study addresses this gap in the coproduction literature and explores the action strategies case managers use to handle conflicts. We interviewed 19 Dutch case managers and observed 10 of their home visits between January and May 2017. We focused on the end stage of dementia at home, just before admission to a nursing home, as we assumed that most conflicts occur in that phase. The findings reveal that the case managers use a variety of action strategies to resolve and intervene in these conflicts. Their initial strategies are in line with the ideals underlying coproduction; however, their successive strategies abandon those ideals and are more focused on production or result from their own lack of power. We also found that current reforms create new dilemmas for case managers. Future research should focus on the boundaries of coproducing public services in triadic relationships and the effects of current welfare reforms aimed at coproducing public services in healthcare triads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robbert Huijsman
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and ManagementRotterdamthe Netherlands
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5
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Choonara E, Williams J. What factors affect paramedics' involvement of people with dementia in decisions about their care? A qualitative study. Br Paramed J 2021; 5:1-8. [PMID: 34421370 PMCID: PMC8341067 DOI: 10.29045/14784726.2021.3.5.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paramedics are frequently called to people with dementia, but decision making can be challenging due to lack of information or difficulties in assessment. Best-practice dementia care should be holistic and involve people with dementia in decisions as far as possible. AIMS To explore how paramedics make decisions when attending people with dementia, with a particular focus on factors that impact on how, and to what degree, paramedics involve people with dementia in these decisions. METHODS A generic qualitative research approach was used. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with seven paramedics. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and subsequently analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Four themes were identified that all touched on challenges to delivering person-centred care. Themes identified were: 1) paramedics' differing approaches to assessing capacity and making best interest decisions; 2) communication and developing a rapport; 3) interconnections with others important to the person with dementia; and 4) the impact of paramedics' values and attitudes. CONCLUSION The involvement of people with dementia is sometimes limited by medical, social or clinician-dependent factors. This study highlights how paramedics' values and communication skills influence their interactions with people with dementia. As the paramedic role evolves, there is an opportunity to embed person-centred care in practice and to ensure that education equips paramedics with the skills and ethical frameworks needed to deliver high quality dementia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Choonara
- London Ambulance Service; University of Hertfordshire
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Shulman K, Herrmann N, Peglar H, Dochylo D, Burns C, Peisah C. The Role of the Medical Expert in the Retrospective Assessment of Testamentary Capacity. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 66:255-261. [PMID: 32233933 PMCID: PMC7958202 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720915007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physicians and other mental health experts are increasingly called on to assist the courts with the determination of testamentary capacity. We aim to improve the understanding of the retrospective assessment of testamentary capacity for medical experts in order to provide more useful reports for the court's determinations and to provide a methodology for the retrospective assessment of testamentary capacity. METHOD Medical experts with experience in the retrospective assessment of testamentary capacity collaborated with lawyers who practice estate litigation. The medical literature on the assessment of testamentary capacity was reviewed and integrated. The medical experts provided a clinical perspective, while the lawyers ensured that the case law and legal perspective were integrated into this review. RESULTS The focus and limitations of the medical expert are outlined including the need to be objective, nonpartisan, and fair. For the benefit of the court, the medical expert should describe the nature and severity of relevant medical, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders, and how they may impact on the specific criteria for testamentary capacity as defined by the leading case of Banks v Goodfellow. Medical experts should opine only on the issue of vulnerability to influence and defer to the court to determine the facts of the case regarding any influence that may have been exerted. CONCLUSIONS Although the ultimate determination of testamentary capacity is a legal one, medical experts can help the court achieve the most informed legal decision by providing relevant information on clinical issues that may impact the criteria for testamentary capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Shulman
- Department of Psychiatry, 71545Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, 71545Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Dochylo
- 33490Borden Ladner Gervais LLP, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clare Burns
- 7971Weir Foulds LLP, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmelle Peisah
- 7800University New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia.,Capacity Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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Alfaro Díaz C, Esandi Larramendi N, Gutiérrez-Alemán T, Canga-Armayor A. Systematic review of measurement properties of instruments assessing nurses' attitudes towards the importance of involving families in their clinical practice. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:2299-2312. [PMID: 31099435 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To identify, appraise and describe the characteristics and measurement properties of instruments assessing nurses' attitudes towards the importance of involving families in their clinical practice. DESIGN Psychometric systematic review. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from their time of inception to June 2018. REVIEW METHODS Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of studies, extracted data, and appraised the methodological quality of the studies using the COSMIN checklist. RESULTS A total of 19 studies representing 5 instruments were included. Two instruments-a revised version of the Families' Importance in Nursing Care: Nurses' Attitudes scale (FINC-NA-R) and the Family Nurse Practice Scale (FNPS)-obtained higher scores for most of their properties. The instruments used in the remaining eight studies require further assessment of their psychometric properties. CONCLUSION This psychometric review offers a synthesis of the quality of the available instruments and gives a better understanding of nursing theory-based tools. The FNPS and FINC-NA-R instruments seem to be the most suitable measures of nurses' attitudes towards the importance of involving families in their clinical practice. IMPACT The growing emphasis on improving nurse-family relationships and the quality of care provided makes it necessary to have valid and reliable instruments for assessing nurses' attitudes towards the importance of involving families in their clinical practice. This paper provides evidence that will help clinicians and researchers make decisions about the most suitable instrument based on a critical appraisal and comparison of the measurement properties according to a rigorous methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alfaro Díaz
- School of Nursing, Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nuria Esandi Larramendi
- School of Nursing, Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNa, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gutiérrez-Alemán
- School of Nursing, Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Canga-Armayor
- School of Nursing, Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNa, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Zuscak S, Coyle I, Keyzer P, Machin MA. The marriage of psychology and law: testamentary capacity. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2019; 26:614-643. [PMID: 31984100 PMCID: PMC6762100 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2018.1557506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Banks v. Goodfellow [1870. LR 5 QB 549 (Eng.)] is almost 150 years old, yet still stands as authority for the principle that unsoundness of the mind will not rebut testamentary capacity where it does not affect the will itself. Readers of this journal would know that psychology has advanced greatly during this sesquicentenary, and yet the law relating to testamentary capacity has remained relatively stagnant. We review the present laws relating to decision-making for adults with impaired capacity, particularly in Queensland, and also review various models of gauging decision-making capacity in other jurisdictions. We argue that qualified experts should be enlisted to make determinations about testamentary capacity when questions of capacity arise. We also argue the case for the development of scientifically validated protocols to assess decision-making capacity in the testamentary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zuscak
- Clinical Psychologist, Director, Clinical Corporate Consulting, Australia
- Honorary Associate, Law School Operations, La Trobe Law School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Adjunct Lecturer, School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Ian Coyle
- Adjunct Professor, School of Law, College of Arts, Social Sciences and Commerce, La Trobe University
- Adjunct Professor, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University
- Adjunct Professor, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland
| | - Patrick Keyzer
- Head of School and Chair of Law and Public Policy, La Trobe University
| | - M. Anthony Machin
- Professor (Psychology), School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
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Benson JJ, Schwarz B, Tofle RB, Parker Oliver D. The Motivations and Consequences of Dying at Home: Family Caregiver Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02763893.2018.1505460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn J. Benson
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Benyamin Schwarz
- Department of Architectural Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ruth Brent Tofle
- Department of Architectural Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Debra Parker Oliver
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Tatangelo G, McCabe M, Macleod A, Konis A. I just can't please them all and stay sane: Adult child caregivers' experiences of family dynamics in care-giving for a parent with dementia in Australia. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2018; 26:e370-e377. [PMID: 29322577 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Family caregivers of people with dementia who live within the community often experience stress and poor quality of life due to their care-giving role. While there are many factors that affect this, one influential factor is the family context. This study focussed on adult child caregivers. It examined the specific ways that family dynamics contribute to adult child caregivers' distress in the context of caring for a parent with dementia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants who were adult child primary caregivers for a parent with dementia who was living within the community. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified that represented areas of particular concern and distress for the caregivers: family expectations and caregivers' lack of choice in adopting the care-giving role; denial and differential understandings of dementia among family members; differential beliefs and approaches to care-giving among family members; and communication breakdown between family members. The findings demonstrate several avenues for further research including the development of interventions to support adult child caregivers and address problematic family dynamics within the context of caring for a parent with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Tatangelo
- The Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marita McCabe
- The Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley Macleod
- The Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anastasia Konis
- The Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Validation of family conflict scales for family caregivers of persons with dementia in long-term care facilities and exploration of family conflicts and support. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30:749-759. [PMID: 29113614 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610217002356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:The aim of the study was to develop a family conflict scale for family caregivers of persons with dementia in long-term care facilities and to explore the relationship between family conflicts and family support. METHODS The scale was developed through forward- and back-translations, interviews with 12 staff members in long-term care facilities, and cognitive interviews with 12 family caregivers who met operational definitions in this study. The test was conducted with 334 family caregivers and a retest was conducted with 318 family caregivers who had indicated willingness to participate further. RESULTS The internal consistency was relatively high for all subscales (Cronbach's α >0.87); sufficient retest reliability was demonstrated for all subscales (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.69). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor model. Convergent and discriminant validity for each of the family conflict scale subscales, family APGAR, and the Symptom Check List-90 Items-Revised were acceptable. Family caregivers who received no family assistance for caregiving perceived more conflict in their family than those receiving family assistance. CONCLUSIONS The Japanese version of the family conflict scale for family caregivers of persons with dementia in long-term care facilities was developed. The reliability and validity of the scale were verified. When providing support to family caregivers in long-term care facilities, it is necessary to consider the family from multiple viewpoints, including family conflicts and support conditions from other family members.
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12
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Wawrziczny E, Larochette C, Papo D, Constant E, Ducharme F, Kergoat MJ, Pasquier F, Antoine P. A Customized Intervention for Dementia Caregivers: A Quasi-Experimental Design. J Aging Health 2018; 31:1172-1195. [PMID: 29665714 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318770056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to test the effects of a customized intervention on distress among caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) using a quasi-experimental design. Method: Fifty-one spouse caregivers in the experimental group and 51 in the control group participated in the study. The effects of the intervention were examined by comparing caregivers' responses with questionnaires at pre-intervention baseline (T0) and immediately after intervention (T1). Differences were quantified using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: The analyses indicated a stabilizing effect of the intervention on caregivers' perceptions of PWD's daily functioning, self-esteem related to caregiving, quality of family support, and feeling of distress. Linear increases were observed regarding sense of preparedness and impact on daily routine, while no differences (interaction and linear effects) were observed for degree of self-efficacy, depression, impact on finances, or self-rated health. Conclusion: These findings show a preliminary efficacy of the intervention proposed in this study to prevent the exacerbation of caregivers' distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wawrziczny
- 1 Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Clotilde Larochette
- 1 Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - David Papo
- 1 Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Emilie Constant
- 1 Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Francine Ducharme
- 2 Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Canada.,3 Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Kergoat
- 2 Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Canada.,3 Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Florence Pasquier
- 4 Department of Neurology, Memory Research and Resources Clinic at the University Hospital of Lille, University of Lille, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- 1 Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Wawrziczny E, Berna G, Ducharme F, Kergoat MJ, Pasquier F, Antoine P. Modeling the Distress of Spousal Caregivers of People with Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 55:703-716. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wawrziczny
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Roubaix Hospital, Addiction Service, Roubaix, France
| | - Guillaume Berna
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Francine Ducharme
- Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Kergoat
- Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Department of Neurology, Memory Research and Resources Clinic at the University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Laboratory SCALab, UMR CNRS 9193, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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14
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Demakis GJ. Evaluating Potential Guardians for Adults Adjudicated Incompetent: Table 1. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 31:562-9. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Esandi N, Canga A. [Family-centered care: A model for approaching dementia care in the community]. Aten Primaria 2016; 48:265-9. [PMID: 26968688 PMCID: PMC6877787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with ageing population, there has been an increase in the prevalence and incidence of chronic and debilitating conditions, such as dementia which, in turn, has increased the demands for long term care in the community. This is challenging current health care systems that wish to provide an appropriate response whilst intensify its efforts to contain costs. This paper, through a critical reflection, argues for an integrative, positive, and systemic care approach, focused not only on the person with dementia but also on the entire family unit. For this purpose, it approaches the impact that dementia has for the family, and therefore for Primary Health Care professional. In addition care strategies aimed at strengthening the whole family system are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Esandi
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Ana Canga
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
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Jones C, Peisah C. Working alliances not loggerheads: understanding and addressing dissonance between families and treating teams in older people's mental health. Australas Psychiatry 2015; 23:488-92. [PMID: 25788570 DOI: 10.1177/1039856215576421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and describe common sources of dissonance which arise for treating teams in older person's mental health and the strategies for addressing them. METHODS A literature review was conducted with the terms: 'family conflict and treatment team', 'family therapy and old age' and 'family caregiver'. RESULTS We discuss the importance of an alliance with families regarding older people's mental health, and the contribution of engagement, attachment and family dynamics to dissonance. We offer strategies to prevent and address dissonance. CONCLUSIONS To prevent and manage dissonance, its causes need to be identified and understood. Routinely 'thinking family' first, then 'knowing' and 'hearing' the family are crucial steps to enhancing communication with families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Jones
- Staff Specialist, Sydney Local Health District, Marrickville, NSW, and; Visiting Medical Officer, Aged Care Psychiatry, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Mid North Coast Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Carmelle Peisah
- Conjoint Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, and; Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, and; Clinical Director, Specialist Mental Health Services for Older People, Northern Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
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Takechi H, Mori T, Hashimoto T, Nakamura S. Present status and road map to achieve inclusive and holistic care for dementia in a Japanese community: analysis using the Delphi method. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2015; 38:186-99. [PMID: 24732454 DOI: 10.1159/000358821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Dementia is a priority issue in the public health realm. However, few reports address problems of dementia in the real world or provide comprehensive road maps to solve these problems. METHODS Nine groups of questions covering 4 topics were discussed using the Delphi method, relating to (1) current achievements and challenges regarding inclusive and holistic care in the community, (2) patients who are at a high risk of being excluded from care, (3) suggestions for a road map for the establishment of better and more inclusive medical and social care, and (4) unmet needs of patients with dementia. RESULTS In total, 477 opinions were obtained. Family issues, psychological/behavioral symptoms, and complications secondary to physical disorders are main factors for being excluded from care. To create a road map for care we have to address the topics of reaffirming care principles, multidisciplinary coalitions, and education for stakeholders. CONCLUSION Further effective collaboration to promote dementia care is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takechi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wong OL, Kwong PS, Ho CKY, Chow SMY, Kwok T, Wong B, Ho V, Lau A, Ho F. Living With Dementia: An Exploratory Study of Caregiving in a Chinese Family Context. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2015; 54:758-776. [PMID: 26399493 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2015.1057355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study explored themes that described families taking care of elderly relatives with dementia in Chinese society. Ten families were invited for two in-depth family interviews involving spousal caregivers, child caregivers, and care recipients. Five themes resulted: positive affection as coping strategies, power and control in the caregiving relationship, adult children's involvement in caregiving, sibling rivalry, and intergenerational conflicts. The ways these themes functioned and helped in dementia care, the research implications, and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Ling Wong
- a Department of Social Work , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ping Sum Kwong
- b Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing Shatin, N.T. , Hong Kong , China
| | - Candis Ka Yan Ho
- a Department of Social Work , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | | | - Timothy Kwok
- c Department of Medicine & Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin , N.T., Hong Kong , China
| | - Bel Wong
- b Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing Shatin, N.T. , Hong Kong , China
| | - Vennus Ho
- b Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing Shatin, N.T. , Hong Kong , China
| | - Andrew Lau
- b Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing Shatin, N.T. , Hong Kong , China
| | - Florence Ho
- b Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing Shatin, N.T. , Hong Kong , China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We reviewed the literature on family therapy and dementia to investigate the following: what is known about the use of family therapy in the context of living with dementia; what are the challenges of working in this context; and what guidelines/models are available to guide family therapists working with families living with dementia. METHODS We searched English language literature from 1992 onwards, classified the resulting papers into broad categories of theoretical, expository, or research (descriptive, quantitative, or qualitative), and conducted a narrative review to draw learning points from the identified papers. RESULTS In total 31 papers were identified: five theoretical, 11 expository; and 15 research papers. Several papers described methodologies; psychotherapeutic interventions applied to family members; or complex intervention packages in which the role of family therapy could not be separately identified, rather than family therapy. A range of outcomes were investigated, often involving the caregiver. Several authors suggest areas in dementia care where family therapy is likely to be beneficial. CONCLUSIONS Although the literature on family therapy and dementia has grown over the past 25 years and suggests potentially useful roles for therapy, a number of challenges exist in terms of context, family, and therapy itself. There is a need for further research, particularly into the following fields: How to evaluate the success of therapy; how to ensure treatment integrity; how to make techniques from family therapy available more widely; and how to train the health and social care workforce in working with families.
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Skaalvik MW, Norberg A, Normann K, Fjelltun AM, Asplund K. The experience of self and threats to sense of self among relatives caring for people with Alzheimer's disease. DEMENTIA 2014; 15:467-80. [PMID: 24535820 DOI: 10.1177/1471301214523438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study explored how the relatives of people with Alzheimer's disease expressed Self 2 and Self 3 according to Harré's social constructionist theory of selfhood. Having a relative with Alzheimer's disease affects one's life. In this study, we concentrated on how close relatives of people with Alzheimer's disease experienced their sense of self. This study was descriptive and qualitative. Interviews were conducted with 20 relatives of 10 people with Alzheimer's disease from 2009 to 2011. The data were analysed according to Harré's social constructionist theory of selfhood including Selves 2 and 3. Participants reported that Alzheimer's disease challenged their personal attributes, relations and positioning. Understanding how Alzheimer's disease affects the sense of self among close relatives is important, as this knowledge is pivotal for supporting these relatives who are often informal caregivers in ways that enable a fulfilling and meaningful life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Wolff Skaalvik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Centre of Care Research, University of Tromsoe, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Astrid Norberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Centre of Care Research, University of Tromsoe, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Ketil Normann
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Centre of Care Research, University of Tromsoe, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Aud-Mari Fjelltun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Centre of Care Research, University of Tromsoe, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Kenneth Asplund
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Centre of Care Research, University of Tromsoe, Tromsoe, Norway
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Alm AK, Hellzen O, Norbergh KG. Experiences of Family Relationships When a Family Member Has Dementia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2014.47055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sheu J, Ephraim PL, Powe NR, Rabb H, Senga M, Evans KE, Jaar BG, Crews DC, Greer RC, Boulware LE. African American and non-African American patients' and families' decision making about renal replacement therapies. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2012; 22:997-1006. [PMID: 22645225 PMCID: PMC3927418 DOI: 10.1177/1049732312443427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We conducted focus group meetings of African American and non-African American patients with end-stage renal disease (six groups) and their family members (six groups), stratified by race/ethnicity and treatment. We elicited differences in participants' experiences with shared decision making about initiating renal replacement therapy (RRT; that is, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant). Patients were often very sick when initiating RRT, and had little, if any, time to make a decision about what type of RRT to initiate. They also lacked sufficient information about alternative treatment options prior to initiation. Family members played supportive roles and shared in decision making when possible. Reports were similar for African American and non-African American participants. Our findings suggest that a greater emphasis on the improved engagement of patients and their families in shared decision making about RRT initiation is needed for both ethnic/racial minorities and nonminorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sheu
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Neil R. Powe
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mikiko Senga
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With the aging of the population there will be a substantial transfer of wealth in the next 25 years. The presence of delirium can complicate the evaluation of an older person's testamentary capacity and susceptibility to undue influence but has not been well examined in the existing literature. METHODS A subcommittee of the IPA Task Force on Testamentary Capacity and Undue Influence undertook to review how to assess prospectively and retrospectively testamentary capacity and susceptibility to undue influence in patients with delirium. RESULTS The subcommittee identified questions that should be asked in cases where someone changes their will or estate plan towards the end of their life in the presence of delirium. These questions include: was there consistency in the patient's wishes over time? Were these wishes expressed during a "lucid interval" when the person was less confused? Were the patient's wishes clearly expressed in response to open-ended questions? Is there clear documentation of the patient's mental status at the time of the discussion? CONCLUSIONS This review with some case examples provides guidance on how to consider the question of testamentary capacity or susceptibility to undue influence in someone undergoing an episode of delirium.
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Kramer BJ, Kavanaugh M, Trentham-Dietz A, Walsh M, Yonker JA. Predictors of family conflict at the end of life: the experience of spouses and adult children of persons with lung cancer. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2010; 50:215-25. [PMID: 19671660 PMCID: PMC2904531 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnp121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Guided by an explanatory matrix of family conflict at the end of life, the purpose of this article was to examine the correlates and predictors of family conflict reported by 155 spouses and adult children of persons with lung cancer. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional statewide survey of family members of persons who died from lung cancer was conducted as part of the larger study on the Assessment of Cancer CarE and SatiSfaction in Wisconsin. RESULTS Significant bivariate correlations were found between family conflict and family context variables (i.e., a history of conflict, younger respondent age, race, and specified end-of-life care wishes of the patient), conditions (i.e., greater physical and psychological clinical care needs of the patient), and contributing factors (i.e., communication constraints and family asserting control). In the multivariate model, significant predictors of family conflict included prior family conflict, race, communication constraints, and family members asserting control; the model explained 72% of the variance in conflict. IMPLICATIONS Implications for routine assessment and screening to identify families at risk and recommendations for the development and testing of interventions to facilitate shared decision making and enhance open communication among at-risk families are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty J Kramer
- MSSW, School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1350 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1510, USA.
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Abstract
This article reviews research on end-of-life (EOL) decision-making in general and published guidelines on communicating with patients about EOL treatment options. The literature on EOL decision-making, most of which concerns advance care planning decisions, has identified several factors that influence treatment choices including race, religiosity, current health, and family conflict. This literature also documents widespread lack of understanding about dying and palliative care and fears of abandonment by health care providers. This article reviews guidelines for communicating with patients, stresses the role of prognostication in good decision-making, and provides numerous suggestions for initiating and structuring conversations with patients and families about EOL care.
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Abstract
Family caregivers of people with dementia, often called the invisible second patients, are critical to the quality of life of the care recipients. The effects of being a family caregiver, though sometimes positive, are generally negative, with high rates of burden and psychological morbidity as well as social isolation, physical ill-health, and financial hardship. Caregivers vulnerable to adverse effects can be identified, as can factors which ameliorate or exacerbate burden and strain. Psychosocial interventions have been demonstrated to reduce caregiver burden and depression and delay nursing home admission. Comprehensive management of the patient with dementia includes building a partnership between health professionals and family caregivers, referral to Alzheimer's Associations, and psychosocial interventions where indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Brodaty
- Primary Dementia Collaborative Research Centre and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Damianakis T, Crete-Nishihata M, Smith KL, Baecker RM, Marziali E. The psychosocial impacts of multimedia biographies on persons with cognitive impairments. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2009; 50:23-35. [PMID: 19592639 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnp104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this feasibility pilot project was to observe Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients' responses to personalized multimedia biographies (MBs). We developed a procedure for using digital video technology to construct DVD-based MBs of persons with AD or MCI, documented their responses to observing their MBs, and evaluated the psychosocial benefits. METHODS An interdisciplinary team consisting of multimedia biographers and social workers interviewed 12 family members of persons with AD and MCI and collected archival materials to best capture the families' and patients' life histories. We filmed patients' responses to watching the MBs and conducted follow-up interviews with the families and patients at 3 and 6 months following the initial viewing. Qualitative analytic strategies were used for extracting themes and key issues identified in both the filmed and the interview response data. RESULTS Analysis of the interview and video data showed how evoked long-term memories stimulated reminiscing, brought mostly joy but occasionally moments of sadness to the persons with cognitive impairments, aided family members in remembering and better understanding their loved ones, and stimulated social interactions with family members and with formal caregivers. IMPLICATION This study demonstrates the feasibility of using readily available digital video technology to produce MBs that hold special meaning for individuals experiencing AD or MCI and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thecla Damianakis
- School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4.
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Neufeld A, Kushner KE. Men family caregivers' experience of nonsupportive interactions: context and expectations. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2009; 15:171-197. [PMID: 19299279 DOI: 10.1177/1074840709331643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Men's involvement as family caregivers has grown as the prevalence of dementia has increased. Men rely on support from others for caregiving but also experience nonsupportive interactions. The purpose of this ethnographic study of 34 men (24 spouses and 10 sons) caring for a relative with dementia, 5 assisting caregivers, and 15 professionals was to identify primary caregivers' perceptions of nonsupportive and supportive interactions in relationships with kin and friends as well as professionals. Thematic analysis of transcribed data generated from interviews, diaries, and focus group discussions revealed the nature of men's caregiving journeys, the characteristics of their social networks, and their expectations of supportive interactions. The nonsupportive interactions men caregivers experienced included a lack of orientation to the caregiving situation, an unsatisfactory linkage to support sources, insufficient support, and hurtful interactions. Information about nonsupportive interactions can sensitize kin and friends as well as professionals to the complexity of men's experience and potentially avoid unintended negative consequences of support efforts.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As people live longer, there is increasing potential for mental disorders to interfere with testamentary distribution and render older people more vulnerable to "undue influence" when they are making a will. Accordingly, clinicians dealing with the mental disorders of older people will be called upon increasingly to advise the courts about a person's vulnerability to undue influence. METHOD A Subcommittee of the IPA Task Force on Testamentary Capacity and Undue Influence undertook to establish consensus on the definition of undue influence and the provision of guidelines for expert assessment of risk factors for undue influence. RESULTS International jurisdictions differ in their approach to the notion of undue influence. Despite differences in legal systems, from a clinical perspective, the subcommittee identified some common "red flags" which might alert the expert to risk of undue influence. These include: (i) social or environmental risk factors such as dependency, isolation, family conflict and recent bereavement; (ii) psychological and physical risk factors such as physical disability, deathbed wills, sexual bargaining, personality disorders, substance abuse and mental disorders including dementia, delirium, mood and paranoid disorders; and (iii) legal risk factors such as unnatural provisions in a will, or provisions not in keeping with previous wishes of the person making the will, and the instigation or procurement of a will by a beneficiary. CONCLUSION This review provides some guidance for experts who are requested by the courts to provide an opinion on the risk of undue influence. Whilst international jurisdictions require different thresholds of proof for a finding of undue influence, there is good international consensus on the clinical indicators for the concept.
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Peisah C, Brodaty H, Bridger M. Abuse by marriage: the exploitation of mentally ill older people. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 23:883-8. [PMID: 18383188 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (i) To raise awareness about the vulnerability of mentally ill older persons to abuse by others seeking to gain by marriage; (ii) to outline key legal cases from common law countries; and (iii) to provide guidelines for health care professionals who encounter this issue in practice. METHOD We present two cases: the first case involved an 87-year-old widower who married his carer--50 years his junior--in a religious ceremony while hypomanic. The second case involved an 82-year-old widow with moderate dementia who married her boarder, the marriage subsequently being found void in the Family Court of Australia on the basis that her consent was not real because she was incapable of understanding the nature and effect of the marriage ceremony. RESULTS Abuse by marriage may be of a psychological, sexual, social or financial nature.Older people with impaired judgement and inability to appraise others due to mental illness may be persuaded to execute legal documents such as marriage certificates. CONCLUSION Health care professionals may have a role in the identification and management of this kind of abuse. There are legal means to address this problem ranging from guardianship and financial management to family law court applications to seek a decree of nullity/invalidity of the marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelle Peisah
- Academic Department for Old Age Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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