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Galbraith-Olive MA, Safic S, Mwaipopo L, Ernest A, Gray WK, Urasa S, Dotchin C, Fisher E, Spector A, Walker R. Care needs of people with dementia in Tanzania and associated impact on carers: A cross-sectional, observational study. DEMENTIA 2024; 23:1021-1035. [PMID: 38887042 DOI: 10.1177/14713012241262570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to understand the care needs, care arrangements and burden of care for people with dementia in Northern Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study. People with dementia and their carers (n = 53) were recruited from an outpatient clinic, and data on carer burden and independence in activities of daily living were collected. Associations with carer burden and characteristics were explored through non-parametric tests and regression analyses. Results: Thirty-six carers were female (68%). Levels of impairment in instrumental activities of daily living were high, with a median score of 38 out of 44 on the Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans - Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IDEA-IADL). Carer burden was moderate with a median Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) score of 46 out of 88. Being a female carer was associated with higher carer burden (odds ratio 3.68, 95% CI 1.04-12.99). Discussion: Carer burden was found to be higher than in previous studies based in low-and-middle income countries. Further research is needed to explore this difference, and to identify interventions to support care needs and reduce carer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - William Keith Gray
- Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sarah Urasa
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tanzania
| | - Catherine Dotchin
- Newcastle University, UK
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Walker
- Newcastle University, UK
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Liu J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Tsao CW, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e347-e913. [PMID: 38264914 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Yenesew MA, Krell-Roesch J, Fekadu B, Nigatu D, Endalamaw A, Mekonnen A, Biyadgie M, Wubetu GY, Debiso AT, Beyene KM, Kelkile TS, Enquobahrie DA, Mersha TB, Eagan DE, Geda YE. Prevalence of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in East Africa Region: A Scoping Review of Population-Based Studies and Call for Further Research. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:1121-1131. [PMID: 38995792 PMCID: PMC11380225 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Population-based research on the prevalence and determinants of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive impairment is scarce in East Africa. Objective To provide an overview of community- and population-based studies among older adults on the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in East Africa, and identify research gaps. Methods We carried out a literature search using three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) using pertinent search terms. Results After screening 445 publications, we identified four publications on the population-based prevalence of dementia, and three on cognitive impairment. Prevalence rates varied from 6- 23% for dementia, and 7- 44% for cognitive impairment, among participants aged≥50-70 years. Old age and a lower education level were risk factors for dementia and cognitive impairment. Physical inactivity, lack of a ventilated kitchen, and history of central nervous system infections and chronic headache were associated with increased odds of dementia. Female sex, depression, having no spouse, increased lifetime alcohol consumption, low income, rural residence, and low family support were associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment. Potential misclassification and non-standardized data collection methods are research gaps that should be addressed in future studies. Conclusions Establishing collaborative networks and partnering with international research institutions may enhance the capacity for conducting population-based studies on dementia and cognitive impairment in East Africa. Longitudinal studies may provide valuable insights on incidence, as well as potential risk and protective factors of dementia and cognitive impairment, and may inform the development of targeted interventions including preventive strategies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken A Yenesew
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Janina Krell-Roesch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Betelhem Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Dabere Nigatu
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Endalamaw
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemtsehay Mekonnen
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Biyadgie
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Alemu T Debiso
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu M Beyene
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Danielle E Eagan
- Department of Neuropsychology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yonas E Geda
- Department of Neurology and the Franke Barrow Global Neuroscience Education Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Walker J. Patient and caregiver experiences of living with dementia in Tanzania. DEMENTIA 2023; 22:1900-1920. [PMID: 37879079 PMCID: PMC10644685 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231204784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Tanzania is a low-income country with an increasing prevalence of dementia, which provides challenges for the existing healthcare system. People with dementia often don't receive a formal diagnosis, and with a lack of formal healthcare, are often predominantly supported by family relatives. There are very few published data relating to lived experiences of people with dementia in Tanzania. This study aimed to understand people with dementia, and their caregivers' experiences of living with dementia in Tanzania and the perceived needs of people with dementia.Methods: Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 people with dementia and 12 caregivers in Moshi, Tanzania. Interviews were audio-recorded, translated, transcribed and analysed using a Framework Analysis approach.Results: Three sub-themes were identified within data describing the experience of 'Living with Dementia in Tanzania': 'Deteriorations in Health', 'Challenges to living with Dementia in Tanzanian Culture', and 'Lack of Support': people with dementia faced challenges due to social isolation, stigmatisation, and lack of caregiver knowledge on how best to provide support. Collectively, these impacted on both the physical and mental health of people with dementia. Misconceptions about dementia aetiology related to age, stresses of daily life and other co-morbidities. People with dementia were motivated to access treatment, exhibiting pluralistic health-seeking behaviours. There was an overall preference for non-pharmacological interventions over medication, with high levels of trust in medical professional opinions.Conclusions: Living with dementia in Tanzania is influenced by both cultural and religious factors. More work is needed to target supplementary healthcare (with efforts to promote accessibility), support for caregivers and public health education about dementia to overcome existent misconceptions and stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Walker
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
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5
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Roe C, Safic S, Mwaipopo L, Dotchin CL, Klaptocz J, Gray W, Joseph M, Spector A, Urasa S, Walker RW. Dementia Prevalence and Risk Factors: Data From Rural Tanzania. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:229-236. [PMID: 37561952 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The burden of dementia is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but there are limited epidemiological data on dementia in SSA. This study investigated the prevalence and associations of dementia in older adults (less than 60 y) attending the outpatient department of Mount Meru Hospital in Tanzania. METHODS This one-phase cross-sectional study screened a sample using the Identification of Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA) cognitive screening tool. Those that screened as having possible and probable dementia were further assessed, and diagnosis of dementia was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Demographic and risk factor data were collected. RESULTS Within those screened, 57/1141 (5.0%) (95% CI: 3.7-6.3) had dementia. Female sex [odds ratio (OR)=2.778, 95% CI: 1.074-7.189], having never attended school (OR=6.088, 95% CI: 1.360-27.256), alcohol (U/wk) (OR=1.080, 95% CI: 1.016-1.149), uncorrected visual impairment (OR=4.260, 95% CI: 1.623-11.180), body mass index <18.5 kg/m 2 (OR=6.588, 95% CI: 2.089-20.775), and stroke (OR=15.790, 95% CI: 3.48-74.475) were found to be significantly, independently associated with dementia. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dementia in this population is similar to a recent community-based rate in Tanzania and lower than a hospital-based rate in Senegal. This is the first time the association between visual impairment and dementia has been reported in SSA. Other associations are in keeping with previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine L Dotchin
- Newcastle Medical School
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Joanna Klaptocz
- Newcastle Medical School
- University College London, London, UK
| | - William Gray
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Marcyella Joseph
- Botswana Medical School, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Sarah Urasa
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
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Akinyemi RO, Yaria J, Ojagbemi A, Guerchet M, Okubadejo N, Njamnshi AK, Sarfo FS, Akpalu A, Ogbole G, Ayantayo T, Adokonou T, Paddick SM, Ndetei D, Bosche J, Ayele B, Damas A, Coker M, Mbakile-Mahlanza L, Ranchod K, Bobrow K, Anazodo U, Damasceno A, Seshadri S, Pericak-Vance M, Lawlor B, Miller BL, Owolabi M, Baiyewu O, Walker R, Gureje O, Kalaria RN, Ogunniyi A. Dementia in Africa: Current evidence, knowledge gaps, and future directions. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:790-809. [PMID: 34569714 PMCID: PMC8957626 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In tandem with the ever-increasing aging population in low and middle-income countries, the burden of dementia is rising on the African continent. Dementia prevalence varies from 2.3% to 20.0% and incidence rates are 13.3 per 1000 person-years with increasing mortality in parts of rapidly transforming Africa. Differences in nutrition, cardiovascular factors, comorbidities, infections, mortality, and detection likely contribute to lower incidence. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated neurocognitive disorders are the most common dementia subtypes. Comprehensive longitudinal studies with robust methodology and regional coverage would provide more reliable information. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is most studied but has shown differential effects within African ancestry compared to Caucasian. More candidate gene and genome-wide association studies are needed to relate to dementia phenotypes. Validated culture-sensitive cognitive tools not influenced by education and language differences are critically needed for implementation across multidisciplinary groupings such as the proposed African Dementia Consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufus O Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Yaria
- Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akin Ojagbemi
- Department of Psychiatry University College Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Maëlenn Guerchet
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Njideka Okubadejo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alfred K Njamnshi
- Department of Neurology, Yaoundé Central Hospital/Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland/Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fred S Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Albert Akpalu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School/Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Ayantayo
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Thierry Adokonou
- Department of Neurology, University Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin
| | - Stella-Maria Paddick
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK/Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK
| | - David Ndetei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi and African Meatal Health and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judith Bosche
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Biniyam Ayele
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andrea Damas
- Mirembe Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Motunrayo Coker
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lingani Mbakile-Mahlanza
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kirti Ranchod
- Lufuno Neuropsychiatry Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kirsten Bobrow
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Udunna Anazodo
- Lawson Health Research Institute / Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret Pericak-Vance
- John T. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Global Brain Health Institute, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Baiyewu
- Department of Psychiatry University College Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Richard Walker
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry University College Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Lyus R, Kissima J, Yoseph M, Damas A, Gray W, Walker R, Paddick SM, Robinson L, Dotchin C. Proportions of Dementia Subtypes in Rural Tanzania. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 30:424-425. [PMID: 34670686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Lyus
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University (RL, RW, LR, CD), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - John Kissima
- Hai District Hospital (JK), Boman'gombe, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Marcella Yoseph
- Department of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (MY), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Andrea Damas
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (AD), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - William Gray
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (KG, RW, CD), North Shields, UK
| | - Richard Walker
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University (RL, RW, LR, CD), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (KG, RW, CD), North Shields, UK
| | - Stella-Maria Paddick
- Clinical and Translational Medicine Institute, Newcastle University (SMP), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bensham Hospital Gateshead (SMP), UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University (RL, RW, LR, CD), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catherine Dotchin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University (RL, RW, LR, CD), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (KG, RW, CD), North Shields, UK
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Li F, Qin W, Zhu M, Jia J. Model-Based Projection of Dementia Prevalence in China and Worldwide: 2020-2050. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1823-1831. [PMID: 34219732 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current and future incidence and prevalence estimates of dementia are essential for public health planning. OBJECTIVE The objective was to establish prediction model of incidence and estimate the prevalence of dementia in the Chinese and worldwide population from 2020 to 2050. METHODS A model-based method was used to project the dementia prevalence from 2020 to 2050 in China, which required incidence, the mortality rate for individual without dementia, and the relative risk of death. Furthermore, we detected the impact of intervention on the prevalence projection for dementia using a simulation method. We applied the same method to other projections worldwide. RESULTS In 2020, the model predicted 16.25 million (95%confidence interval 11.55-21.18) persons with dementia in China. By 2050, this number would increase by approximately three-fold to 48.98 million (38.02-61.73). Through data simulation, if the incidence of dementia decreased by 10%every 10 years from 2020 after intervention and prevention, the number of dementia cases by 2050 was reduced by 11.96 million. This would reduce the economic burden by US $639.04 billion. In addition, using this model, dementia cases grew relatively slowly over the next few decades in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Japan, with percentage changes of 100.88%, 65.93%, and 16.20%, respectively. CONCLUSION The number of people with dementia in China is large and will continue to increase rapidly. Effective interventions could reduce the number of patients drastically. Therefore, prevention and control strategies must be formulated urgently to reduce the occurrence of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
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Atim LM, Kaggwa MM, Mamun MA, Ashaba S, Maling S. Prevalence of Severe Neurocognitive Impairment and Its Association with Socio-Demographics and Functionality Among Ugandan Older Persons: A Hospital-Based Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1415-1425. [PMID: 34326633 PMCID: PMC8314681 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s319891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of neurocognitive disorders, especially dementia, is rising due to an increase in longevity. Early detection and diagnosis of neurocognitive impairments are important for early interventions and appropriate management of reversible causes, especially by the primary health workers. However, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of severe neurocognitive impairment among elderly persons attending a tertiary hospital in Uganda. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted in a Ugandan hospital setting, where older adults go for treatment for their chronic health problems. Following the inclusion criteria, interviews were conducted, where information about socio-demographics was collected, whereas neurocognitive impairment and functionality were assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination and Barthel Index, respectively. Chi-square test, Pearson correlation test, and logistic regression were performed to determine the factors associated with severe neurocognitive impairment. RESULTS A total of 507 elderly persons aged 60 years and above were enrolled in this study (mean age 68.62 ±7.95 years), and the prevalence of severe neurocognitive impairment was 28.01%. Advanced age, female gender, lower education level, and functional dependency were significantly associated with severe neurocognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Severe neurocognitive impairment is prevalent among Ugandan hospital attending elderlies with functional dependency. This suggests a need to routinely screen cognitive disorders among older persons who visit the healthcare facilities with other physical complaints to enable early detection and treatment of reversible causes of neurocognitive impairment, such as depression and delirium to enable better functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Maria Atim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh (Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research – Bangladesh), Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Scholastic Ashaba
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Samuel Maling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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