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Kurteff GL, Field AM, Asghar S, Tyler-Kabara EC, Clarke D, Weiner HL, Anderson AE, Watrous AJ, Buchanan RJ, Modur PN, Hamilton LS. Processing of auditory feedback in perisylvian and insular cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.593257. [PMID: 38798574 PMCID: PMC11118286 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.593257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
When we speak, we not only make movements with our mouth, lips, and tongue, but we also hear the sound of our own voice. Thus, speech production in the brain involves not only controlling the movements we make, but also auditory and sensory feedback. Auditory responses are typically suppressed during speech production compared to perception, but how this manifests across space and time is unclear. Here we recorded intracranial EEG in seventeen pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients with medication-resistant epilepsy who performed a reading/listening task to investigate how other auditory responses are modulated during speech production. We identified onset and sustained responses to speech in bilateral auditory cortex, with a selective suppression of onset responses during speech production. Onset responses provide a temporal landmark during speech perception that is redundant with forward prediction during speech production. Phonological feature tuning in these "onset suppression" electrodes remained stable between perception and production. Notably, the posterior insula responded at sentence onset for both perception and production, suggesting a role in multisensory integration during feedback control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Lynn Kurteff
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Field
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Saman Asghar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Tyler-Kabara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dave Clarke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne E. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J. Watrous
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert J. Buchanan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Pradeep N. Modur
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Liberty S. Hamilton
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Lead contact
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Nourski KV, Steinschneider M, Rhone AE, Dappen ER, Kawasaki H, Howard MA. Processing of auditory novelty in human cortex during a semantic categorization task. Hear Res 2024; 444:108972. [PMID: 38359485 PMCID: PMC10984345 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Auditory semantic novelty - a new meaningful sound in the context of a predictable acoustical environment - can probe neural circuits involved in language processing. Aberrant novelty detection is a feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders. This large-scale human intracranial electrophysiology study examined the spatial distribution of gamma and alpha power and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) associated with responses to unexpected words during performance of semantic categorization tasks. Participants were neurosurgical patients undergoing monitoring for medically intractable epilepsy. Each task included repeatedly presented monosyllabic words from different talkers ("common") and ten words presented only once ("novel"). Targets were words belonging to a specific semantic category. Novelty effects were defined as differences between neural responses to novel and common words. Novelty increased task difficulty and was associated with augmented gamma, suppressed alpha power, and AEP differences broadly distributed across the cortex. Gamma novelty effect had the highest prevalence in planum temporale, posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus; alpha in anterolateral Heschl's gyrus (HG), anterior STG and middle anterior cingulate cortex; AEP in posteromedial HG, lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus, and planum polare. Gamma novelty effect had a higher prevalence in dorsal than ventral auditory-related areas. Novelty effects were more pronounced in the left hemisphere. Better novel target detection was associated with reduced gamma novelty effect within auditory cortex and enhanced gamma effect within prefrontal and sensorimotor cortex. Alpha and AEP novelty effects were generally more prevalent in better performing participants. Multiple areas, including auditory cortex on the superior temporal plane, featured AEP novelty effect within the time frame of P3a and N400 scalp-recorded novelty-related potentials. This work provides a detailed account of auditory novelty in a paradigm that directly examined brain regions associated with semantic processing. Future studies may aid in the development of objective measures to assess the integrity of semantic novelty processing in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Nourski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Mitchell Steinschneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Ariane E Rhone
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Emily R Dappen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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Zhou J, Hormigo S, Busel N, Castro-Alamancos MA. The Orienting Reflex Reveals Behavioral States Set by Demanding Contexts: Role of the Superior Colliculus. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1778-1796. [PMID: 36750370 PMCID: PMC10010463 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1643-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory stimuli can trigger an orienting reflex (response) by which animals move the head to position their sensors (e.g., eyes, pinna, whiskers). Orienting responses may be important to evaluate stimuli that call for action (e.g., approach, escape, ignore), but little is known about the dynamics of orienting responses in the context of goal-directed actions. Using mice of either sex, we found that, during a signaled avoidance action, the orienting response evoked by the conditioned stimulus (CS) consisted of a fast head movement containing rotational and translational components that varied substantially as a function of the behavioral and underlying brain states of the animal set by different task contingencies. Larger CS-evoked orienting responses were associated with high-intensity auditory stimuli, failures to produce the appropriate signaled action, and behavioral states resulting from uncertain or demanding situations and the animal's ability to cope with them. As a prototypical orienting neural circuit, we confirmed that the superior colliculus controls and codes the direction of spontaneous exploratory orienting movements. In addition, superior colliculus activity correlated with CS-evoked orienting responses, and either its optogenetic inhibition or excitation potentiated CS-evoked orienting responses, which are likely generated downstream in the medulla. CS-evoked orienting responses may be a useful probe to assess behavioral and related brain states, and state-dependent modulation of orienting responses may involve the superior colliculus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Humans and other animals produce an orienting reflex (also known as orienting response) by which they rapidly orient their head and sensors to evaluate novel or salient stimuli. Spontaneous orienting movements also occur during exploration of the environment in the absence of explicit, salient stimuli. We monitored stimulus-evoked orienting responses in mice performing signaled avoidance behaviors and found that these responses reflect the behavioral state of the animal set by contextual demands and the animal's ability to cope with them. Various experiments involving the superior colliculus revealed a well-established role in spontaneous orienting but only an influencing effect over orienting responses. Stimulus-evoked orienting responses may be a useful probe of behavioral and related brain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06001
| | - Sebastian Hormigo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06001
| | - Natan Busel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06001
| | - Manuel A Castro-Alamancos
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06001
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Garcés MS, Alústiza I, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Goena J, Molero P, Radua J, Ortuño F. An fMRI Study Using a Combined Task of Interval Discrimination and Oddball Could Reveal Common Brain Circuits of Cognitive Change. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:786113. [PMID: 34987432 PMCID: PMC8721204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.786113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain networks responsible for time processing are involved during other cognitive processes, leading to a hypothesis that time-related processing is needed to perform a range of tasks across various cognitive functions. To examine this hypothesis, we analyze whether, in healthy subjects, the brain structures activated or deactivated during performance of timing and oddball-detection type tasks coincide. To this end, we conducted two independent signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies assessing the cerebral generators of the responses elicited by tasks based on timing and oddball-detection paradigms. Finally, we undertook a multimodal meta-analysis to detect brain regions common to the findings of the two previous meta-analyses. We found that healthy subjects showed significant activation in cortical areas related to timing and salience networks. The patterns of activation and deactivation corresponding to each task type partially coincided. We hypothesize that there exists a time and change-detection network that serves as a common underlying resource used in a broad range of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Garcés
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- Imaging of Mood and Anxiety Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM ES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Goena
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood and Anxiety Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM ES, Barcelona, Spain.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet SE, Solna, Sweden
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Lascurain-Aguirrebeña I, Newham DJ, Galindez-Ibarbengoetxea X, Casado-Zumeta X, Lertxundi A, Critchley DJ. Association between sympathoexcitatory changes and symptomatic improvement following cervical mobilisations in participants with neck pain. A double blind placebo controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2019; 42:90-97. [PMID: 31075730 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND sympathoexcitation observed with passive cervical mobilisations may imply activation of an endogenous pain inhibition system resulting in hypoalgesia. However, research is mostly in asymptomatic participants and there is very limited evidence of a relationship between sympathoexcitation and symptomatic improvement in people with clinical pain. OBJECTIVE to investigate the effects of cervical mobilisations on the sympathetic nervous system in participants with neck pain, and to explore the relationship between symptomatic improvement and sympathoexcitation. DESIGN double-blind randomised controlled trial. METHOD 40 participants with neck pain (aged 20-69 years, 25 female) were randomly allocated to either cervical mobilisations or motionless placebo. Skin conductance was measured before, during, and after intervention. After interventions were completed, their credibility was assessed. Participants were classified as responders or non-responders according to global symptom change. RESULTS participants receiving mobilisations were more likely to be classified as responders (odds ratio: 4.33, p = 0.03) and demonstrated greater change in most outcome measures of sympathoexcitation from baseline to during the intervention but not from during to after the intervention. There was no association between sympathoexcitation and symptomatic improvement. Mobilisations and placebo were equally credible. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest sympathoexcitatory changes may be caused by an orienting response unrelated to the activation of an endogenous pain inhibition system Alternatively, the observed lack of an association may be explained by the existence of various mechanisms for pain relief. This study used single outcome measures of sympathoexcitation and symptomatic improvement and other measures may reveal different things. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV NUMBER M10/2016/095.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Lascurain-Aguirrebeña
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Infirmary, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Spain.
| | - Di J Newham
- Centre of Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - Xabier Galindez-Ibarbengoetxea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Infirmary, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Spain.
| | | | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Spain; Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Duncan J Critchley
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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6
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Gansonre C, Højlund A, Leminen A, Bailey C, Shtyrov Y. Task-free auditory EEG paradigm for probing multiple levels of speech processing in the brain. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13216. [PMID: 30101984 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
While previous studies on language processing highlighted several ERP components in relation to specific stages of sound and speech processing, no study has yet combined them to obtain a comprehensive picture of language abilities in a single session. Here, we propose a novel task-free paradigm aimed at assessing multiple levels of speech processing by combining various speech and nonspeech sounds in an adaptation of a multifeature passive oddball design. We recorded EEG in healthy adult participants, who were presented with these sounds in the absence of sound-directed attention while being engaged in a primary visual task. This produced a range of responses indexing various levels of sound processing and language comprehension: (a) P1-N1 complex, indexing obligatory auditory processing; (b) P3-like dynamics associated with involuntary attention allocation for unusual sounds; (c) enhanced responses for native speech (as opposed to nonnative phonemes) from ∼50 ms from phoneme onset, indicating phonological processing; (d) amplitude advantage for familiar real words as opposed to meaningless pseudowords, indexing automatic lexical access; (e) topographic distribution differences in the cortical activation of action verbs versus concrete nouns, likely linked with the processing of lexical semantics. These multiple indices of speech-sound processing were acquired in a single attention-free setup that does not require any task or subject cooperation; subject to future research, the present protocol may potentially be developed into a useful tool for assessing the status of auditory and linguistic functions in uncooperative or unresponsive participants, including a range of clinical or developmental populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gansonre
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Højlund
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alina Leminen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher Bailey
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yury Shtyrov
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Laboratory of Behavioural Neurodynamics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Yalçın M, Tellioğlu E, Gündüz A, Özmen M, Yeni N, Özkara Ç, Kiziltan ME. Orienting reaction may help recognition of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Neurophysiol Clin 2017; 47:231-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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8
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Díez Á, Ranlund S, Pinotsis D, Calafato S, Shaikh M, Hall MH, Walshe M, Nevado Á, Friston KJ, Adams RA, Bramon E. Abnormal frontoparietal synaptic gain mediating the P300 in patients with psychotic disorder and their unaffected relatives. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:3262-3276. [PMID: 28345275 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The "dysconnection hypothesis" of psychosis suggests that a disruption of functional integration underlies cognitive deficits and clinical symptoms. Impairments in the P300 potential are well documented in psychosis. Intrinsic (self-)connectivity in a frontoparietal cortical hierarchy during a P300 experiment was investigated. Dynamic Causal Modeling was used to estimate how evoked activity results from the dynamics of coupled neural populations and how neural coupling changes with the experimental factors. Twenty-four patients with psychotic disorder, twenty-four unaffected relatives, and twenty-five controls underwent EEG recordings during an auditory oddball paradigm. Sixteen frontoparietal network models (including primary auditory, superior parietal, and superior frontal sources) were analyzed and an optimal model of neural coupling, explaining diagnosis and genetic risk effects, as well as their interactions with task condition were identified. The winning model included changes in connectivity at all three hierarchical levels. Patients showed decreased self-inhibition-that is, increased cortical excitability-in left superior frontal gyrus across task conditions, compared with unaffected participants. Relatives had similar increases in excitability in left superior frontal and right superior parietal sources, and a reversal of the normal synaptic gain changes in response to targets relative to standard tones. It was confirmed that both subjects with psychotic disorder and their relatives show a context-independent loss of synaptic gain control at the highest hierarchy levels. The relatives also showed abnormal gain modulation responses to task-relevant stimuli. These may be caused by NMDA-receptor and/or GABAergic pathologies that change the excitability of superficial pyramidal cells and may be a potential biological marker for psychosis. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3262-3276, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Díez
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic Psychology II - Cognitive processes, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience - Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Complutense University and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Siri Ranlund
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Psychology & Neuroscience - King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Pinotsis
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,The Picower Institute for Learning & Memory and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stella Calafato
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madiha Shaikh
- North East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Psychology & Neuroscience - King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei-Hua Hall
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Muriel Walshe
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Psychology & Neuroscience - King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ángel Nevado
- Department of Basic Psychology II - Cognitive processes, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience - Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Complutense University and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl J Friston
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rick A Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Psychology & Neuroscience - King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Cook PF, Reichmuth C, Rouse A, Dennison S, Van Bonn B, Gulland F. Natural exposure to domoic acid causes behavioral perseveration in Wild Sea lions: Neural underpinnings and diagnostic application. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 57:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Kenemans JL. Specific proactive and generic reactive inhibition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 56:115-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Schomaker J, Rangel-Gomez M, Meeter M. Happier, faster: Developmental changes in the effects of mood and novelty on responses. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2015; 69:37-47. [PMID: 25692224 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1019520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Positive mood ameliorates several cognitive processes: It can enhance cognitive control, increase flexibility, and promote variety seeking in decision making. These effects of positive mood have been suggested to depend on frontostriatal dopamine, which is also associated with the detection of novelty. This suggests that positive mood could also affect novelty detection. In the present study, children and adults saw either a happy or a neutral movie to induce a positive or neutral mood. After that, they were shown novel and familiar images. On some trials a beep was presented over headphones either at the same time as the image or at a 200-ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), and the task of the participant was to detect these auditory targets. Children were slower in responding than adults. Positive mood, however, speeded responses, especially in children, and induced facilitatory effects of novelty. These effects were consistent with increased arousal. Although effects of novelty were more consistent with an attentional response, in children who had watched a happy movie the novel images evoked a more liberal response criterion, suggestive of increased arousal. This suggests that mood and novelty may affect response behaviour stronger in children than in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schomaker
- a Department of Cognitive Psychology , VU University , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.,b Department of Biological Psychology , Justus-Liebig University , Giessen , Germany
| | - Mauricio Rangel-Gomez
- a Department of Cognitive Psychology , VU University , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.,c Department of Psychology , University of California , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - Martijn Meeter
- a Department of Cognitive Psychology , VU University , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
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12
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Tegelbeckers J, Bunzeck N, Duzel E, Bonath B, Flechtner HH, Krauel K. Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2049-60. [PMID: 25648705 PMCID: PMC4670482 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Attentional problems in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have often been linked with deficits in cognitive control. Whether these deficits are associated with increased sensitivity to external salient stimuli remains unclear. To address this issue, we acquired functional brain images (fMRI) in 38 boys with and without ADHD (age: 11–16 years). To differentiate the effects of item novelty, contextual rareness and task relevance, participants performed a visual oddball task including four stimulus categories: a frequent standard picture (62.5%), unique novel pictures (12.5%), one repeated rare picture (12.5%), and a target picture (12.5%) that required a specific motor response. As a main finding, we can show considerable overlap in novelty‐related BOLD responses between both groups, but only healthy participants showed neural deactivation in temporal as well as frontal regions in response to novel pictures. Furthermore, only ADHD patients, but not healthy controls, engaged wide parts of the novelty network when processing the rare but familiar picture. Our results provide first evidence that ADHD patients show enhanced neural activity in response to novel but behaviorally irrelevant stimuli as well as reduced habituation to familiar items. These findings suggest an inefficient use of neuronal resources in children with ADHD that could be closely linked to increased distractibility. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2049–2060, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tegelbeckers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Milner R, Rusiniak M, Lewandowska M, Wolak T, Ganc M, Piątkowska-Janko E, Bogorodzki P, Skarżyński H. Towards neural correlates of auditory stimulus processing: a simultaneous auditory evoked potentials and functional magnetic resonance study using an odd-ball paradigm. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:35-46. [PMID: 24413019 PMCID: PMC3894920 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neural underpinnings of auditory information processing have often been investigated using the odd-ball paradigm, in which infrequent sounds (deviants) are presented within a regular train of frequent stimuli (standards). Traditionally, this paradigm has been applied using either high temporal resolution (EEG) or high spatial resolution (fMRI, PET). However, used separately, these techniques cannot provide information on both the location and time course of particular neural processes. The goal of this study was to investigate the neural correlates of auditory processes with a fine spatio-temporal resolution. A simultaneous auditory evoked potentials (AEP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique (AEP-fMRI), together with an odd-ball paradigm, were used. Material/Methods Six healthy volunteers, aged 20–35 years, participated in an odd-ball simultaneous AEP-fMRI experiment. AEP in response to acoustic stimuli were used to model bioelectric intracerebral generators, and electrophysiological results were integrated with fMRI data. Results fMRI activation evoked by standard stimuli was found to occur mainly in the primary auditory cortex. Activity in these regions overlapped with intracerebral bioelectric sources (dipoles) of the N1 component. Dipoles of the N1/P2 complex in response to standard stimuli were also found in the auditory pathway between the thalamus and the auditory cortex. Deviant stimuli induced fMRI activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus, insula, and parietal lobes. Conclusions The present study showed that neural processes evoked by standard stimuli occur predominantly in subcortical and cortical structures of the auditory pathway. Deviants activate areas non-specific for auditory information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Milner
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland
| | - Mateusz Rusiniak
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland
| | - Monika Lewandowska
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolak
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ganc
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland
| | - Ewa Piątkowska-Janko
- Nuclear and Medical Electronics Division, Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bogorodzki
- Nuclear and Medical Electronics Division, Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarżyński
- World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland
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Nazimek JM, Hunter MD, Hoskin R, Wilkinson I, Woodruff PW. Neural basis of auditory expectation within temporal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:2245-50. [PMID: 23933483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Predictive coding frameworks of perception propose that neural networks form predictions of expected input and generate prediction errors when the external input does not match expectation. We therefore investigated the processing of unexpected sounds and silence in the auditory cortex using fMRI. Unexpected sounds, when compared to expected sounds, evoked greater activation in large areas of the left temporal and insular cortices. Additionally the left middle temporal gyrus exhibited greater activation to unexpected events in general, whether sounds or silence, when compared to the corresponding expected events. These findings support predictive coding models of perception, which suggest that regions of the temporal cortex function to integrate sensory information with predictive signals during auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Nazimek
- Sheffield Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory (SCANlab), Academic Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Yorkshire, UK.
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Kim H. Involvement of the dorsal and ventral attention networks in oddball stimulus processing: a meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:2265-84. [PMID: 23900833 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide the first, comprehensive meta-analysis of the neuroimaging literature regarding greater neural responses to a deviant stimulus in a stream of repeated, standard stimuli, termed here oddball effects. The meta-analysis of 75 independent studies included a comparison of auditory and visual oddball effects and task-relevant and task-irrelevant oddball effects. The results were interpreted with reference to the model in which a large-scale dorsal frontoparietal network embodies a mechanism for orienting attention to the environment, whereas a large-scale ventral frontoparietal network supports the detection of salient, environmental changes. The meta-analysis yielded three main sets of findings. First, ventral network regions were strongly associated with oddball effects and largely common to auditory and visual modalities, indicating a supramodal "alerting" system. Most ventral network components were more strongly associated with task-relevant than task-irrelevant oddball effects, indicating a dynamic interplay of stimulus saliency and internal goals in stimulus-driven engagement of the network. Second, the bilateral inferior frontal junction, an anterior core of the dorsal network, was strongly associated with oddball effects, suggesting a central role in top-down attentional control. However, other dorsal network regions showed no or only modest association with oddball effects, likely reflecting active engagement during both oddball and standard stimulus processing. Finally, prominent oddball effects outside the two networks included the sensory cortex regions, likely reflecting attentive and preattentive modulation of early sensory activity, and subcortical regions involving the putamen, thalamus, and other areas, likely reflecting subcortical involvement in alerting responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkeun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, South Korea
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16
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Shared processing of perception and imagery of music in decomposed EEG. Neuroimage 2013; 70:317-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Stone SA, Porter CL. “Be still my beating heart”: Linkages between mother–infant co-regulation and brief bradycardia at the onset of arm-restraint in 6-month-old infants. Infant Behav Dev 2013; 36:228-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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van Lutterveld R, Diederen KMJ, Koops S, Begemann MJH, Sommer IEC. The influence of stimulus detection on activation patterns during auditory hallucinations. Schizophr Res 2013; 145:27-32. [PMID: 23375942 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroimaging studies investigating auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have revealed involvement of several cortical structures. These findings may however be biased by brain activity related to stimulus detection and motor processes associated with the task to indicate the presence of AVH. Disentangling brain activation specifically related to AVH and to additional cognitive processes may help focus on the true neuronal substrates of AVH and strengthen the development of new focal treatment strategies. METHODS Brain activation during AVH as indicated by button press was compared to brain activation during auditory stimulus detection indicated by button press. We performed two neuroimaging meta-analyses, assessing 10 AVH and 11 auditory stimulus detection studies. A random-effects activation likelihood estimation was performed using GingerALE to assess commonalities and differences across AVH and stimulus detection studies. RESULTS Activity in the claustrum, pulvinar area, medial geniculum body, pyramis, culmen, putamen, insula, and parahippocampal, medial frontal, precentral, postcentral, superior temporal and right inferior frontal gyri was found to be specifically related to AVH. The pars opercularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left transverse temporal gyrus were activated to a similar extent during AVH and auditory stimulus detection. DISCUSSION Development of new focal treatment strategies for AVH may focus on the areas uniquely activated in the AVH analysis. The pars opercularis and the transverse temporal gyrus may not be directly involved in the experience of AVH itself, but rather in auditory stimulus detection.
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Auditory hallucinations: expectation-perception model. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:802-10. [PMID: 22520337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we aimed to present a hypothesis that would explain the mechanism of auditory hallucinations, one of the main symptoms of schizophrenia. We propose that auditory hallucinations arise from abnormalities in the predictive coding which underlies normal perception, specifically, from the absence or attenuation of prediction error. The suggested deficiencies in processing prediction error could arise from (1) abnormal modulation of thalamus by prefrontal cortex, (2) absence or impaired transmission of external input, (3) dysfunction of the auditory and association cortex, (4) neurotransmitter dysfunction and abnormal connectivity, and (5) hyperactivity activity in auditory cortex and broad prior probability. If there is no prediction error, the initially vague prior probability develops into an explicit percept in the absence of external input, as a result of a recursive pathological exchange between auditory and prefrontal cortex. Unlike existing explanations of auditory hallucinations, we propose concrete mechanisms which underlie the imbalance between perceptual expectation and external input. Impaired processing of prediction error is reflected in reduced mismatch negativity and increased tendency to report non-existing meaningful language stimuli in white noise, shown by those suffering from auditory hallucinations. We believe that the expectation-perception model of auditory hallucinations offers a comprehensive explanation of the underpinnings of auditory hallucinations in both patients and those not diagnosed with mental illness. Therefore, our hypothesis has the potential to fill the gaps in the existing knowledge about this distressing phenomenon and contribute to improved effectiveness of treatments, targeting specific mechanisms.
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Mangalathu-Arumana J, Beardsley SA, Liebenthal E. Within-subject joint independent component analysis of simultaneous fMRI/ERP in an auditory oddball paradigm. Neuroimage 2012; 60:2247-57. [PMID: 22377443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of event-related potential (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can contribute to characterizing neural networks with high temporal and spatial resolution. This research aimed to determine the sensitivity and limitations of applying joint independent component analysis (jICA) within-subjects, for ERP and fMRI data collected simultaneously in a parametric auditory frequency oddball paradigm. In a group of 20 subjects, an increase in ERP peak amplitude ranging 1-8 μV in the time window of the P300 (350-700 ms), and a correlated increase in fMRI signal in a network of regions including the right superior temporal and supramarginal gyri, was observed with the increase in deviant frequency difference. JICA of the same ERP and fMRI group data revealed activity in a similar network, albeit with stronger amplitude and larger extent. In addition, activity in the left pre- and post-central gyri, likely associated with right hand somato-motor response, was observed only with the jICA approach. Within-subject, the jICA approach revealed significantly stronger and more extensive activity in the brain regions associated with the auditory P300 than the P300 linear regression analysis. The results suggest that with the incorporation of spatial and temporal information from both imaging modalities, jICA may be a more sensitive method for extracting common sources of activity between ERP and fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mangalathu-Arumana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
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21
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Marzinzik F, Wahl M, Krüger D, Gentschow L, Colla M, Klostermann F. Abnormal distracter processing in adults with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33691. [PMID: 22457783 PMCID: PMC3310872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are overdistractible by stimuli out of the intended focus of attention. This control deficit could be due to primarily reduced attentional capacities or, e. g., to overshooting orienting to unexpected events. Here, we aimed at identifying disease-related abnormalities of novelty processing and, therefore, studied event-related potentials (ERP) to respective stimuli in adult ADHD patients compared to healthy subjects. METHODS Fifteen unmedicated subjects with ADHD and fifteen matched controls engaged in a visual oddball task (OT) under simultaneous EEG recordings. A target stimulus, upon which a motor response was required, and non-target stimuli, which did not demand a specific reaction, were presented in random order. Target and most non-target stimuli were presented repeatedly, but some non-target stimuli occurred only once ('novels'). These unique stimuli were either 'relative novels' with which a meaning could be associated, or 'complete novels', if no association was available. RESULTS In frontal recordings, a positive component with a peak latency of some 400 ms became maximal after novels. In healthy subjects, this novelty-P3 (or 'orienting response') was of higher magnitude after complete than after relative novels, in contrast to the patients with an undifferentially high frontal responsivity. Instead, ADHD patients tended to smaller centro-parietal P3 responses after target signals and, on a behavioural level, responded slower than controls. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate abnormal novelty processing in adult subjects with ADHD. In controls, the ERP pattern indicates that allocation of meaning modulates the processing of new stimuli. However, in ADHD such a modulation was not prevalent. Instead, also familiar, only context-wise new stimuli were treated as complete novels. We propose that disturbed semantic processing of new stimuli resembles a mechanism for excessive orienting to commonly negligible stimuli in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Marzinzik
- Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wahl
- Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Krüger
- Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Gentschow
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Colla
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Klostermann
- Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Staffen W, Ladurner G, Höller Y, Bergmann J, Aichhorn M, Golaszewski S, Kronbichler M. Brain activation disturbance for target detection in patients with mild cognitive impairment: an fMRI study. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:1002.e1-16. [PMID: 21993055 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional brain imaging in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) reveals differences in activation of task-relevant brain areas between patients and age-matched healthy controls. However, some studies reported hyperactivation and others hypoactivation in MCI compared with controls. The inconsistencies may be explained by compensatory mechanisms due to high complexity of the applied tasks. The oddball task is a simple paradigm that is known to activate a widespread network in the brain, involving attentional and monitoring mechanisms. In the present study, we examined amnestic or amnestic multidomain MCI patients (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 13) in an auditory oddball task. Participants had to respond to infrequent targets and inhibit response to infrequent novel-nontarget stimuli. Lower stimulus related activation was found in MCI patients compared with healthy controls in parts of the middle temporal gyrus, the temporal pole, regions along the superior temporal sulcus, in the left cuneus, the left supramarginal gyrus, the anterior cingulated cortex and in the left inferior and middle frontal gyrus. Activation for oddball stimuli is assumed to reflect an automatic reflexive engagement of many brain regions in response to potentially important changes in the environment as well as cognitive control to monitor responses. The mechanisms of attention and cognitive control may be severely impaired in MCI and thus, underlie the cognitive deficits of this clinical group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Staffen
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler-Clinic, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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23
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Friedman D, Nessler D, Kulik J, Hamberger M. The brain's orienting response (novelty P3) in patients with unilateral temporal lobe resections. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:3474-83. [PMID: 21906606 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The brain's orienting response is a biologically primitive, yet critical cognitive function necessary for survival. Though based on a wide network of brain regions, the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior hippocampus are thought to play essential roles. Indeed, damage to these regions results in abnormalities of the novelty P3 or P3a, an event-related potential (ERP) sign of the orienting response. Like other ubiquitous markers of orienting, such as the galvanic skin response, the P3a habituates when novel events are repeated. Here, we assessed habituation of the P3a in patients who had undergone unilateral anteromedial resection of the medial temporal lobe (AMTL), including the entire hippocampus, for relief of pharmacologically intractable epilepsy. Eight left- and 8 right-AMTL patients and 16 age- and education-matched controls heard frequent standard tones, infrequent targets (requiring reaction times) and equally infrequent, unique novel, environmental sounds. The novel sounds repeated 2 blocks after their first presentation. In controls, novel repetition engendered a reduction in P3a amplitude, but this was not the case in either left- or right-AMTL patients. We conclude that bilaterally intact hippocampi are necessary for the brain to appreciate that a repetition of a novel sound has occurred, perhaps due to disruptions in ipsilateral hippocampal-prefrontal pathways and/or between the left and right hippocampi.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Friedman
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Decreased prefrontal cortex activity in mild traumatic brain injury during performance of an auditory oddball task. Brain Imaging Behav 2011; 4:232-47. [PMID: 20703959 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-010-9102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Up to one-third of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate persistent cognitive deficits in the 'executive' function domain. Mild TBI patients have shown prefrontal cortex activity deficits during the performance of executive tasks requiring active information maintenance and manipulation. However, it is unclear whether these deficits are related to the executive processes themselves, or to the degree of mental effort. To determine whether prefrontal deficits also would be found during less effortful forms of executive ability, fMRI images were obtained on 31 mild TBI patients and 31 control participants during three-stimulus auditory oddball task performance. Although patients and controls had similar topographical patterns of brain activity, region-of-interest analysis revealed significantly decreased activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for mild TBI patients during target stimulus detection. Between-group analyses found evidence for potential compensatory brain activity during target detection and default-mode network dysfunction only during the detection of novel stimuli.
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25
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Dyrholm M, Goldman R, Sajda P, Brown TR. Removal of BCG artifacts using a non-Kirchhoffian overcomplete representation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009; 56:200-4. [PMID: 19342324 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2008.2005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a nonlinear unmixing approach for extracting the ballistocardiogram (BCG) from EEG recorded in an MR scanner during simultaneous acquisition of functional MRI (fMRI). First, an overcomplete basis is identified in the EEG based on a custom multipath EEG electrode cap. Next, the overcomplete basis is used to infer non-Kirchhoffian latent variables that are not consistent with a conservative electric field. Neural activity is strictly Kirchhoffian while the BCG artifact is not, and the representation can hence be used to remove the artifacts from the data in a way that does not attenuate the neural signals needed for optimal single-trial classification performance. We compare our method to more standard methods for BCG removal, namely independent component analysis and optimal basis sets, by looking at single-trial classification performance for an auditory oddball experiment. We show that our overcomplete representation method for removing BCG artifacts results in better single-trial classification performance compared to the conventional approaches, indicating that the derived neural activity in this representation retains the complex information in the trial-to-trial variability.
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Goldman RI, Wei CY, Philiastides MG, Gerson AD, Friedman D, Brown TR, Sajda P. Single-trial discrimination for integrating simultaneous EEG and fMRI: identifying cortical areas contributing to trial-to-trial variability in the auditory oddball task. Neuroimage 2009; 47:136-47. [PMID: 19345734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory oddball task is a well-studied stimulus paradigm used to investigate the neural correlates of simple target detection. It elicits several classic event-related potentials (ERPs), the most prominent being the P300 which is seen as a neural correlate of subjects' detection of rare (target) stimuli. Though trial-averaging is typically used to identify and characterize such ERPs, their latency and amplitude can vary on a trial-to-trial basis reflecting variability in the underlying neural information processing. Here we simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI during an auditory oddball task and identified cortical areas correlated with the trial-to-trial variability of task-discriminating EEG components. Unique to our approach is a linear multivariate method for identifying task-discriminating components within specific stimulus- or response-locked time windows. We find fMRI activations indicative of distinct processes that contribute to the single-trial variability during target detection. These regions are different from those found using standard, including trial-averaged, regressors. Of particular note is the strong activation of the lateral occipital complex (LOC). The LOC was not seen when using traditional event-related regressors. Though LOC is typically associated with visual/spatial attention, its activation in an auditory oddball task, where attention can wax and wane from trial to trial, indicates that it may be part of a more general attention network involved in allocating resources for target detection and decision making. Our results show that trial-to-trial variability in EEG components, acquired simultaneously with fMRI, can yield task-relevant BOLD activations that are otherwise unobservable using traditional fMRI analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin I Goldman
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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