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Ding JR, Liu Y, Chen Q, Feng C, Tang Z, Zhang H, Hua B, Ding X, Wang M, Ding Z. Frequency Dependent Changes of Regional Homogeneity in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency. Neuroscience 2023; 530:183-191. [PMID: 37394224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal spontaneous neural activity in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has been found in previous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies. Nevertheless, the spontaneous neural activity of GHD in different frequency bands is still unclear. Here, we combined rs-fMRI and regional homogeneity (ReHo) methods to analyze the spontaneous neural activity of 26 GHD children and 15 healthy controls (HCs) with age- and sex-matching in four frequency bands: slow-5 (0.014-0.031 Hz), slow-4 (0.031-0.081 Hz), slow-3 (0.081-0.224 Hz), and slow-2 (0.224-0.25 Hz). In the slow-5 band, GHD children compared with HCs displayed higher ReHo in the left dorsolateral part of the superior frontal gyrus, triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus and middle frontal gyrus, and right angular gyrus, while lower ReHo in the right precentral gyrus, and several medial orbitofrontal regions. In the slow-4 band, GHD children relative to HCs revealed increased ReHo in the right middle temporal gyrus, whereas reduced ReHo in the left superior parietal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and bilateral medial parts of the superior frontal gyrus. In the slow-2 band, compared with HCs, GHD children showed increased ReHo in the right anterior cingulate gyrus, and several prefrontal regions, while decreased ReHo in the left middle occipital gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus. Our findings demonstrate that regional brain activity in GHD children exhibits extensive abnormalities, and these abnormalities are related to specific frequency bands, which may provide bases for understanding its pathophysiology significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Rong Ding
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China; Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China.
| | - Yihong Liu
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China; Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China; Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China
| | - Chenyu Feng
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China; Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China
| | - Zhiling Tang
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China; Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China; Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China
| | - Bo Hua
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China; Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, PR China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhongxiang Ding
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Li P, Cheng J, Fan Q, Lin L, Zhou S, Gao J, Tang Y, Yuan T, Wang Z. The functional connectivity predictor of therapeutic effect of continuous theta burst stimulation on obsessive-compulsive disorder: A preliminary study. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:231-238. [PMID: 35605703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) on the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to explore the potential predictors of cTBS outcome based on neuroimaging. METHODS 29 OCD patients and 29 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this pilot study. Twenty consecutive cTBS intervention targeting at bilateral SMA was applied. MRI scan was carried out before cTBS and 15 regions in the executive control and sensorimotor network were chosen and analyzed using MATLAB, DPABI, and SPM12. RESULTS 11 out of 29 patients responded to cTBS (37.93%), and the clinical symptom of OCD patients was significantly relieved after receiving regular cTBS. Also, the FC between Cerebelum_Crus2_L and Frontal_Inf_Tri_L of OCD patients showed positive prognosis for the efficacy of cTBS, with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.718-0.989, p = 0.002). None of the patients had any serious adverse event. CONCLUSION cTBS intervention on bilateral SMA can significantly improve the symptoms of medicated OCD patients with moderate severity. And the pretherapy FC could be a valuable potential predictor of the cTBS treatment outcome among OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyu Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiayue Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Fan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liangjun Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuangyi Zhou
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tifei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai, PR China.
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Honma M, Saito S, Atsumi T, Tokushige SI, Inomata-Terada S, Chiba A, Terao Y. Inducing Cortical Plasticity to Manipulate and Consolidate Subjective Time Interval Production. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:511-519. [PMID: 35667769 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Time awareness may change depending on the mental state or disease conditions, although each individual perceives his/her own sense of time as stable and accurate. Nevertheless, the processes that consolidate altered duration production remain unclear. The present study aimed to manipulate the subjective duration production via memory consolidation through the modulation of neural plasticity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first performed false feedback training of duration or length production and examined the period required for natural recovery from the altered production. Next, persistent neural plasticity was promoted by quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and primary motor cortex (M1). We conducted the same feedback training in the individual and studied how the time course of false learning changed. RESULTS We observed that altered duration production after false feedback returned to baseline within two hours. Next, immediate exposure to false feedback during neural plasticity enhancement revealed that in individuals who received QPS over the right DLPFC, but not over TPJ or M1, false duration production was maintained for four hours; furthermore, the efficacy persisted for at least one week. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, while learned altered duration production decays over several hours, QPS over the right DLPFC enables the consolidation of newly learned duration production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shoko Saito
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Atsumi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satomi Inomata-Terada
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuro Chiba
- Department of Neurology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wei Y, Han S, Chen J, Wang C, Wang W, Li H, Song X, Xue K, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Abnormal interhemispheric and intrahemispheric functional connectivity dynamics in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4347-4358. [PMID: 35611547 PMCID: PMC9435010 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate altered static local and long‐range functional connectivity of multiple brain regions in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). However, the temporal dynamics of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric functional connectivity patterns remain unknown in schizophrenia patients with AVHs. We analyzed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data for drug‐naïve first‐episode schizophrenia patients, 50 with AVHs and 50 without AVH (NAVH), and 50 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Whole‐brain functional connectivity was decomposed into ipsilateral and contralateral parts, and sliding‐window analysis was used to calculate voxel‐wise interhemispheric and intrahemispheric dynamic functional connectivity density (dFCD). Finally, the correlation analysis was performed between abnormal dFCD variance and clinical measures in the AVH and NAVH groups. Compared with the NAVH group and healthy controls, the AVH group showed weaker interhemispheric dFCD variability in the left middle temporal gyrus (p < .01; p < .001), as well as stronger interhemispheric dFCD variability in the right thalamus (p < .001; p < .001) and right inferior temporal gyrus (p < .01; p < .001) and stronger intrahemispheric dFCD variability in the left inferior frontal gyrus (p < .001; p < .01). Moreover, abnormal contralateral dFCD variability of the left middle temporal gyrus correlated with the severity of AVHs in the AVH group (r = −.319, p = .024). The findings demonstrate that abnormal temporal variability of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric dFCD in schizophrenia patients with AVHs mainly focus on the temporal and frontal cortices and thalamus that are pivotal components of auditory and language pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangkang Xue
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kinno R, Muragaki Y, Maruyama T, Tamura M, Tanaka K, Ono K, Sakai KL. Differential Effects of a Left Frontal Glioma on the Cortical Thickness and Complexity of Both Hemispheres. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 1:tgaa027. [PMID: 34296101 PMCID: PMC8152868 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a type of brain tumor that infiltrates and compresses the brain as it grows. Focal gliomas affect functional connectivity both in the local region of the lesion and the global network of the brain. Any anatomical changes associated with a glioma should thus be clarified. We examined the cortical structures of 15 patients with a glioma in the left lateral frontal cortex and compared them with those of 15 healthy controls by surface-based morphometry. Two regional parameters were measured with 3D-MRI: the cortical thickness (CT) and cortical fractal dimension (FD). The FD serves as an index of the topological complexity of a local cortical surface. Our comparative analyses of these parameters revealed that the left frontal gliomas had global effects on the cortical structures of both hemispheres. The structural changes in the right hemisphere were mainly characterized by a decrease in CT and mild concomitant decrease in FD, whereas those in the peripheral regions of the glioma (left hemisphere) were mainly characterized by a decrease in FD with relative preservation of CT. These differences were found irrespective of tumor volume, location, or grade. These results elucidate the structural effects of gliomas, which extend to the distant contralateral regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kinno
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Muragaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Manabu Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kyohei Tanaka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi L Sakai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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Sakai KL, Kuwamoto T, Yagi S, Matsuya K. Modality-Dependent Brain Activation Changes Induced by Acquiring a Second Language Abroad. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:631957. [PMID: 33841108 PMCID: PMC8032875 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.631957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of cortical activation changes during language acquisition, including second-language learning, has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we administered two sets of reading and listening tests (Pre and Post) to participants who had begun to learn Japanese abroad. The two sets were separated by an interval of about 2 months of Japanese language training. We compared the results of longitudinal functional MRI experiments between the two time-points and obtained the following major findings. First, the left-dominant language areas, as well as bilateral visual and auditory areas, were activated, demonstrating the synergistic effects of multiple modalities. There was also significant activation in the bilateral hippocampi, indicating the expected involvement of memory-related processes. Second, consistent with the behavioral improvements from Pre to Post, the brain activations decreased in the left inferior and middle frontal gyri during the listening tests, as well as in the visual areas (the bilateral inferior and superior parietal lobules, and left inferior and middle occipital gyri) during the reading tests, while activations in the right superior and middle temporal gyri increased during the listening tests. These modality-dependent activation changes could not be explained by domain-general cognitive factors, such as habituation or familiarization, because we used completely different test sets for Pre and Post. Third, the posterior hippocampus showed a main effect of the hemisphere, whereas the anterior hippocampus showed a significant main effect of the event (i.e., specific to first listening events), reflecting initial encoding of auditory information alone. In summary, activation changes from Pre to Post indicate functional changes in modality-dependent networks over a short period of staying abroad, which would enable effective acquisition of a second language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyoshi L. Sakai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Yu YJ, Liang RB, Yang QC, Ge QM, Li QY, Li B, Shi WQ, Shao Y. Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity Patterns in Patients After Lasik Surgery Using Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1907-1917. [PMID: 32821107 PMCID: PMC7423348 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s252850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies demonstrated that myopia could result in alterations of brain activity in specific areas. However, whether the visual function could improve by Lasik surgery, with the brain activity alterations also change, is still unknown. Here, we intended to use the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) technique to investigate the intrinsic brain activity changes in pre-Lasik (PRL) and post-Lasik (POL) patients. METHODS A total of 15 patients with myopia (nine male and six female) were recruited in our study, who were matched according to age, weight, and height. These patients comprised both the PRL and POL groups, which is self-controlled. The patients all underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the spontaneous brain activity changes were recorded by the ALFF technique. The data were recorded and arranged in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which presented how intrinsic activities altered in different brain regions. Moreover, by Graphpad prism 8, we can analyze the linear correlation between HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and ALFF values as well. RESULTS Differences in ALFF values existed in brain regions between the same patient before and after the Lasik operation. The regions with increased ALFF values after Lasik surgery were the left parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellar vermis, and left posterior cingulate cortex. The regions with decreased ALFF values after Lasik surgery were the left supramarginal gyrus and right trigonometric inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION We demonstrated significant fluctuations of ALFF values in specific brain areas between the same patients before and after the Lasik surgery. The altered ALFF values reflected the hyperactivity or hypoactivity of the specific brain areas, which may help predict the recovery level of patients' vision after Lasik surgery. Furthermore, based on the experimental results that presented significant activity alterations in specific brian regions, patients could be speculated equipped with a better visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Bin Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Chen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-Min Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Yamamoto Y, Hanawa S, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Sakaki K, Nozawa T, Ikeda S, Yokota S, Daniele M, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. Association of iron levels in hair with brain structures and functions in young adults. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 58:126436. [PMID: 31760327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron plays a critical role in normal brain functions and development, but it has also been known to have adverse neurological effects. METHODS Here, we investigated the associations of iron levels in hair with regional gray matter volume (rGMV), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and cognitive differences in a study cohort of 590 healthy young adults. RESULTS Our findings showed that high iron levels were associated with lower rGMV in areas including the hippocampus, lower rCBF in the anterior and posterior parts of the brain, greater FA in areas including the part of the splenium of the corpus callosum, lower MD in the overlapping area including the splenium of the corpus callosum, as well as greater MD in the left hippocampus and areas including the frontal lobe. CONCLUSION These results are compatible with the notion that iron plays diverse roles in neural mechanisms in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Research Center for the Earth Inclusive Sensing Empathizing with Silent Voices, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Magistro Daniele
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Qi Z, Legault J. Neural hemispheric organization in successful adult language learning: Is left always right? PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ikeda S, Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Hanawa S, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Sakaki K, Nozawa T, Yokota S, Magistro D, Kawashima R. Neural substrates of self- and external-preoccupation: A voxel-based morphometry study. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01267. [PMID: 31004413 PMCID: PMC6576210 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self- and external-preoccupation have been linked to psychopathological states. The neural substrates underlying self- and external-preoccupation remain unclear. In the present study, we aim to provide insight into the information-processing mechanisms associated with self- and external-preoccupation at the structural level. METHODS To investigate the neural substrates of self- and external-preoccupation, we acquired high-resolution T1-weighted structural images and Preoccupation Scale scores from 1,122 young subjects. Associations between regional gray matter volume (rGMV) and Preoccupation Scale subscores for self- and external-preoccupation were estimated using voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS Significant positive associations between self-preoccupation and rGMV were observed in widespread brain areas such as the bilateral precuneus and posterior cingulate gyri, structures known to be associated with self-triggered self-reference during rest. Significant negative associations between external-preoccupation and rGMV were observed only in the bilateral cerebellum, regions known to be associated with behavioral addiction, sustained attention, and reward system. CONCLUSION Our results reveal distinct neural substrates for self- and external-preoccupation at the structural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yokoyama
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniele Magistro
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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11
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Novén M, Schremm A, Nilsson M, Horne M, Roll M. Cortical thickness of Broca's area and right homologue is related to grammar learning aptitude and pitch discrimination proficiency. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 188:42-47. [PMID: 30572263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aptitude for and proficiency in acquiring new languages varies in the human population but their neural bases are largely unknown. We investigated the influence of cortical thickness on language learning predictors measured by the LLAMA tests and a pitch-change discrimination test. The LLAMA tests are first language-independent assessments of language learning aptitude for vocabulary, phonetic working memory, sound-symbol correspondence (not used in this study), and grammatical inferencing. Pitch perception proficiency is known to predict aptitude for learning new phonology. Results show a correlation between scores in a grammatical meaning-inferencing aptitude test and cortical thickness of Broca's area (r(30) = 0.65, p = 0.0202) and other frontal areas (r(30) = 0.66, p = 0.0137). Further, a correlation was found between proficiency in discriminating pitch-change direction and cortical thickness of the right Broca homologue (r(30) = 0.57, p = 0.0006). However, no correlations were found for aptitude for vocabulary learning or phonetic working memory. Results contribute to locating cortical regions important for language-learning aptitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Novén
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Andrea Schremm
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Markus Nilsson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Radiology, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Merle Horne
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, 221 00, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Roll
- Department of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University, 221 00, Sweden.
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12
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Global associations between regional gray matter volume and diverse complex cognitive functions: evidence from a large sample study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10014. [PMID: 28855703 PMCID: PMC5577279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlations between regional gray matter volume (rGMV) and psychometric test scores have been measured to investigate the neural bases for individual differences in complex cognitive abilities (CCAs). However, such studies have yielded different rGMV correlates of the same CCA. Based on the available evidence, we hypothesized that diverse CCAs are all positively but only weakly associated with rGMV in widespread brain areas. To test this hypothesis, we used the data from a large sample of healthy young adults [776 males and 560 females; mean age: 20.8 years, standard deviation (SD) = 0.8] and investigated associations between rGMV and scores on multiple CCA tasks (including non-verbal reasoning, verbal working memory, Stroop interference, and complex processing speed tasks involving spatial cognition and reasoning). Better performance scores on all tasks except non-verbal reasoning were associated with greater rGMV across widespread brain areas. The effect sizes of individual associations were generally low, consistent with our previous studies. The lack of strong correlations between rGMV and specific CCAs, combined with stringent corrections for multiple comparisons, may lead to different and diverse findings in the field.
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13
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Yamamoto K, Sakai KL. Differential Signatures of Second Language Syntactic Performance and Age on the Structural Properties of the Left Dorsal Pathway. Front Psychol 2017; 8:829. [PMID: 28588536 PMCID: PMC5440582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult second language (L2) acquisition, individual differences are considerably large even among people with similar experiences. The neural mechanisms underlying this variability would include structural plasticity of language-related pathways. To elucidate such neuroplasticity, we focused on the transitional period of adolescence, which is associated with certain plasticity toward maturation following the sensitive period of language acquisition (≤12 years old). The adolescent brain would thus be influenced by age-dependent factors, as well as performances in L2. Here, we examined individual differences in L2 performances controlling the duration of experience to reveal the differential signatures of performances and age on the plasticity of structural properties in major language-related pathways. We recruited Japanese students at two ages, i.e., junior (age: 13–14) and senior (age: 16–17) high-school students, all of whom started to expose to English at age 12 or 13. We divided them into subgroups, so that either L2 performance [Junior (High)/Senior (Low)] or age [Senior (Low)/Senior (High)] was matched in group comparisons; the duration of L2 experience was also controlled between the Senior (Low) and Senior (High) groups. We then examined the thickness and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the dorsal and ventral pathways, i.e., the arcuate fasciculus (Arcuate) and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), respectively, using semi-automatic methods for selecting regions without branches. Regarding FA in the left Arcuate, the Senior (High) group showed significantly higher FA than the other two groups, indicating performance-related group differences. Further, FA in the left Arcuate was selectively correlated with the accuracy of a syntactic task. Regarding the thickness of the left Arcuate, the Senior (High) and Senior (Low) groups showed significantly larger thickness than the Junior (High) group, indicating age-related group differences. These differential performance-related and age-related signatures were evident on the left Arcuate alone, in contrast to the right Arcuate that showed only mild differences in thickness, and to the bilateral IFOF that lacked either signature. Our results suggest that the left dorsal pathway continued to develop to adolescence, and that performance differences in a syntactic task can be predicted by its FA, independent of age and the duration of experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayako Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceSaitama, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi L Sakai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologyTokyo, Japan
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14
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Huang X, Zhou FQ, Hu YX, Xu XX, Zhou X, Zhong YL, Wang J, Wu XR. Altered spontaneous brain activity pattern in patients with high myopia using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation: a resting-state fMRI study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2949-2956. [PMID: 27881920 PMCID: PMC5115684 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s118326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many previous reports have demonstrated significant neural anatomy changes in the brain of high myopic (HM) patients, whereas the spontaneous brain activity changes in the HM patients at rest are not well studied. Our objective was to use amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method to investigate the changes in spontaneous brain activity in HM patients and their relationships with clinical features. METHODS A total of 38 patients with HM (17 males and 21 females) and 38 healthy controls (HCs) (17 males and 21 females) closely matched in age, sex, and education underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The ALFF method was used to assess local features of spontaneous brain activity. The relationship between the mean ALFF signal values in many brain regions and the clinical features in HM patients was calculated by correlation analysis. RESULTS Compared with HCs, the HM patients had significantly lower ALFF in the right inferior and middle temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus/putamen, right inferior frontal gyrus/putamen/insula, right middle frontal gyrus, and right inferior parietal lobule and higher ALFF values in the bilateral midcingulate cortex, left postcentral gyrus, and left precuneus/inferior parietal lobule. However, no relationship was found between the mean ALFF signal values of the different areas and the clinical manifestations in HM. CONCLUSION The HM patients were affected with brain dysfunction in many regions, which may indicate the presence of neurobiological changes involving deficits in language understanding and attentional control in HM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang
| | - Fu-Qing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute
| | - Yu-Xiang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Xiao-Xuan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Xiong Zhou
- Second Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Jun Wang
- Second Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
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15
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Yamamoto K, Sakai KL. The Dorsal Rather than Ventral Pathway Better Reflects Individual Syntactic Abilities in Second Language. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:295. [PMID: 27378889 PMCID: PMC4906050 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) has been reported to be critically involved in syntactic processing, not only in first language (L1), but in second language (L2). Indeed, the leftward lateralization of the IFG has been shown to be correlated with the performance of a syntactic task in L2. Given that posterior language-related regions are systematically connected with the left IFG, the next question is which of the dorsal and ventral pathways is more critical to the individual syntactic abilities in L2. Here we used diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tractography with newly developed semi-automatic methods of defining seeds and selecting regions of interest (ROIs). We calculated mean thickness and fractional anisotropy (FA) in each ROI for the arcuate fasciculus (Arcuate) of the dorsal pathway, as well as for the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) of the ventral pathway. In Experiment I, we performed partial correlation analyses between FA and the accuracy of the syntactic task, removing the effects of the accuracy of a spelling task, gender, and handedness. Among the two pathways in each hemisphere, only FA of the left Arcuate was significantly correlated with individual accuracy of the syntactic task. In Experiment II, we recruited monozygotic twins and examined to what extent their L2 abilities and their structural properties were similar. Within twin pairs, the highest significant correlation was observed for reaction times of the spelling task, while the correlation for the accuracy of the syntactic task was marginal; these two correlation coefficients were significantly different. Moreover, the thickness of the left Arcuate was highly correlated within pairs, while its FA, as well as the thickness/FA in the ventral pathways, was not significantly correlated. The correlation coefficient for the thickness of the left Arcuate was significantly larger than that of the left IFOF. These results suggest that the thickness of the left Arcuate is more associated with the shared genetic/environmental factors, whereas both of mutually correlated FA in the left Arcuate and individual syntactic abilities in L2 may be less prone to these shared factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayako Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi L Sakai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology AgencyTokyo, Japan
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16
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Kaiser A, Eppenberger LS, Smieskova R, Borgwardt S, Kuenzli E, Radue EW, Nitsch C, Bendfeldt K. Age of second language acquisition in multilinguals has an impact on gray matter volume in language-associated brain areas. Front Psychol 2015; 6:638. [PMID: 26106338 PMCID: PMC4458568 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous structural studies have established that experience shapes and reshapes the brain throughout a lifetime. The impact of early development, however, is still a matter of debate. Further clues may come from studying multilinguals who acquired their second language at different ages. We investigated adult multilinguals who spoke three languages fluently, where the third language was learned in classroom settings, not before the age of 9 years. Multilinguals exposed to two languages simultaneously from birth (SiM) were contrasted with multinguals who acquired their first two languages successively (SuM). Whole brain voxel based morphometry revealed that, relative to SuM, SiM have significantly lower gray matter volume in several language-associated cortical areas in both hemispheres: bilaterally in medial and inferior frontal gyrus, in the right medial temporal gyrus and inferior posterior parietal gyrus, as well as in the left inferior temporal gyrus. Thus, as shown by others, successive language learning increases the volume of language-associated cortical areas. In brains exposed early on and simultaneously to more than one language, however, learning of additional languages seems to have less impact. We conclude that – at least with respect to language acquisition – early developmental influences are maintained and have an effect on experience-dependent plasticity well into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelis Kaiser
- Department of Social Psychology and Social Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Renata Smieskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel Switzerland
| | - Esther Kuenzli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Cordula Nitsch
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Basel, Basel Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Bendfeldt
- Medical Image Analysis Centre, University Hospital Basel, Basel Switzerland
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van Ruitenbeek P, Mehta MA. Potential enhancing effects of histamine H₁ agonism/H₃ antagonism on working memory assessed by performance and bold response in healthy volunteers. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:144-55. [PMID: 23517178 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Schizophrenia is a highly debilitating disorder characterized by hallucinations and delusions, but also impaired cognition such as memory. While hallucinations and delusions are the main target for pharmacological treatment, cognitive impairments are rarely treated. Evidence exists that histamine has a role in the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, which could be the basis of the development of a histamine-type treatment. Histamine H₃ antagonists have been shown to improve memory performance in experimental animals, but these effects have been little investigated in humans within the context of impaired cognition in schizophrenia and using sensitive measures of brain activity. In the present study, the effects of betahistine (H₃ antagonist/H₁ agonist) on learning and memory, and associated brain activity were assessed. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sixteen healthy volunteers (eight female) aged between 18 and 50 years received two p.o. doses of betahistine (48 mg) or placebo separated by 30 min, on separate days according to a two-way, double-blind, crossover design. Volunteers performed an N-back working memory task and a spatial paired associates learning task while being scanned using a MRI scanner. KEY RESULTS Task-related activity changes in well-defined networks and performance were observed. No betahistine-induced changes in brain activity were found in these networks. Alternatively, liberal whole-brain analyses showed activity changes in areas outside task networks, like the lateral geniculate nucleus. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Clear effects of betahistine on working memory could not be established. Future studies should use higher doses and explore the role of histamine in visual information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Ruitenbeek
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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18
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Abstract
The areas of academic interest (sciences or humanities) and area of study have been known to be associated with a number of factors associated with autistic traits. However, despite the vast amount of literature on the psychological and physiological characteristics associated with faculty membership, brain structural characteristics associated with faculty membership have never been investigated directly. In this study, we used voxel-based morphometry to investigate differences in regional gray matter volume (rGMV)/regional white matter volume (rWMV) between science and humanities students to test our hypotheses that brain structures previously robustly shown to be altered in autistic subjects are related to differences in faculty membership. We examined 312 science students (225 males and 87 females) and 179 humanities students (105 males and 74 females). Whole-brain analyses of covariance revealed that after controlling for age, sex, and total intracranial volume, the science students had significantly larger rGMV in an anatomical cluster around the medial prefrontal cortex and the frontopolar area, whereas the humanities students had significantly larger rWMV in an anatomical cluster mainly concentrated around the right hippocampus. These anatomical structures have been linked to autism in previous studies and may mediate cognitive functions that characterize differences in faculty membership. The present results may support the ideas that autistic traits and characteristics of the science students compared with the humanities students share certain characteristics from neuroimaging perspectives. This study improves our understanding of differences in faculty membership which is the link among cognition, biological factors, disorders, and education (academia).
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Inubushi T, Sakai KL. Functional and anatomical correlates of word-, sentence-, and discourse-level integration in sign language. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:681. [PMID: 24155706 PMCID: PMC3804906 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In both vocal and sign languages, we can distinguish word-, sentence-, and discourse-level integration in terms of hierarchical processes, which integrate various elements into another higher level of constructs. In the present study, we used magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to test three language tasks in Japanese Sign Language (JSL): word-level (Word), sentence-level (Sent), and discourse-level (Disc) decision tasks. We analyzed cortical activity and gray matter (GM) volumes of Deaf signers, and clarified three major points. First, we found that the activated regions in the frontal language areas gradually expanded in the dorso-ventral axis, corresponding to a difference in linguistic units for the three tasks. Moreover, the activations in each region of the frontal language areas were incrementally modulated with the level of linguistic integration. These dual mechanisms of the frontal language areas may reflect a basic organization principle of hierarchically integrating linguistic information. Secondly, activations in the lateral premotor cortex and inferior frontal gyrus were left-lateralized. Direct comparisons among the language tasks exhibited more focal activation in these regions, suggesting their functional localization. Thirdly, we found significantly positive correlations between individual task performances and GM volumes in localized regions, even when the ages of acquisition (AOAs) of JSL and Japanese were factored out. More specifically, correlations with the performances of the Word and Sent tasks were found in the left precentral/postcentral gyrus and insula, respectively, while correlations with those of the Disc task were found in the left ventral inferior frontal gyrus and precuneus. The unification of functional and anatomical studies would thus be fruitful for understanding human language systems from the aspects of both universality and individuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Inubushi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo, Japan
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20
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How age of bilingual exposure can change the neural systems for language in the developing brain: a functional near infrared spectroscopy investigation of syntactic processing in monolingual and bilingual children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2013; 6:87-101. [PMID: 23974273 PMCID: PMC6987800 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life bilingual language experience can change the developing brain. Age of first bilingual exposure predicts neural activation for language. Bilinguals show greater extent and variability of neural activity in language areas. Early-exposed bilinguals show greater activation in IFG and STG vs. monolinguals. Later-exposed bilinguals have greater DLPFC activity vs. early bilinguals.
Is the developing bilingual brain fundamentally similar to the monolingual brain (e.g., neural resources supporting language and cognition)? Or, does early-life bilingual language experience change the brain? If so, how does age of first bilingual exposure impact neural activation for language? We compared how typically-developing bilingual and monolingual children (ages 7–10) and adults recruit brain areas during sentence processing using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain imaging. Bilingual participants included early-exposed (bilingual exposure from birth) and later-exposed individuals (bilingual exposure between ages 4–6). Both bilingual children and adults showed greater neural activation in left-hemisphere classic language areas, and additionally, right-hemisphere homologues (Right Superior Temporal Gyrus, Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus). However, important differences were observed between early-exposed and later-exposed bilinguals in their earliest-exposed language. Early bilingual exposure imparts fundamental changes to classic language areas instead of alterations to brain regions governing higher cognitive executive functions. However, age of first bilingual exposure does matter. Later-exposed bilinguals showed greater recruitment of the prefrontal cortex relative to early-exposed bilinguals and monolinguals. The findings provide fascinating insight into the neural resources that facilitate bilingual language use and are discussed in terms of how early-life language experiences can modify the neural systems underlying human language processing.
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Sekiguchi A, Kotozaki Y, Miyauchi CM, Yokoyama R, Iizuka K, Hashizume H, Nakagawa S, Kunitoki K, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. Regional gray matter density is associated with achievement motivation: evidence from voxel-based morphometry. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 219:71-83. [PMID: 23212300 PMCID: PMC3889816 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Achievement motivation can be defined as a recurrent need to improve one's past performance. Despite previous functional imaging studies on motivation-related functional activation, the relationship between regional gray matter (rGM) morphology and achievement motivation has never been investigated. We used voxel-based morphometry and a questionnaire (achievement motivation scale) to measure individual achievement motivation and investigated the association between rGM density (rGMD) and achievement motivation [self-fulfillment achievement motivation (SFAM) and competitive achievement motivation (CAM) across the brain in healthy young adults (age 21.0 ± 1.8 years, men (n = 94), women (n = 91)]. SFAM and rGMD significantly and negatively correlated in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). CAM and rGMD significantly and positively correlated in the right putamen, insula, and precuneus. These results suggest that the brain areas that play central roles in externally modulated motivation (OFC and putamen) also contribute to SFAM and CAM, respectively, but in different ways. Furthermore, the brain areas in which rGMD correlated with CAM are related to cognitive processes associated with distressing emotions and social cognition, and these cognitive processes may characterize CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan,
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Sekiguchi A, Kotozaki Y, Miyauchi CM, Yokoyama R, Iizuka K, Hashizume H, Nakagawa S, Kunitoki K, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. A voxel-based morphometry study of gray and white matter correlates of a need for uniqueness. Neuroimage 2012; 63:1119-26. [PMID: 22926287 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
People appear to derive intrinsic satisfaction from the perception that they are unique, special, and separable from the masses, which is referred to as a need for uniqueness (NFU). NFU is a universal human trait, along with a tendency to conform to the beliefs and attitudes of others and social norms. We used voxel-based morphometry and a questionnaire to determine individual NFU and its association with brain structures in healthy men (94) and women (91; age, 21.3 ± 1.9 years). Individual NFU was associated with smaller gray matter volume of a cluster that included areas in (a) the left middle temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and left superior temporal sulcus (STS); (b) the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate gyrus and the anterior part of the middle cingulate gyrus; and (c) the right inferior frontal gyrus and the ventral part of the precentral gyrus. Individual NFU was also associated with larger white matter concentration of a cluster that mainly included the body of the corpus callosum. These findings demonstrated that variations in NFU reflect the gray and white matter structures of focal regions. These findings suggest a biological basis for individual NFU, distributed across different gray and white matter areas of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Reiterer SM, Hu X, Erb M, Rota G, Nardo D, Grodd W, Winkler S, Ackermann H. Individual differences in audio-vocal speech imitation aptitude in late bilinguals: functional neuro-imaging and brain morphology. Front Psychol 2011; 2:271. [PMID: 22059077 PMCID: PMC3203549 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An unanswered question in adult language learning or late bi and multilingualism is why individuals show marked differences in their ability to imitate foreign accents. While recent research acknowledges that more adults than previously assumed can still acquire a "native" foreign accent, very little is known about the neuro-cognitive correlates of this special ability. We investigated 140 German-speaking individuals displaying varying degrees of "mimicking" capacity, based on natural language text, sentence, and word imitations either in their second language English or in Hindi and Tamil, languages they had never been exposed to. The large subject pool was strictly controlled for previous language experience prior to magnetic resonance imaging. The late-onset (around 10 years) bilinguals showed significant individual differences as to how they employed their left-hemisphere speech areas: higher hemodynamic activation in a distinct fronto-parietal network accompanied low ability, while high ability paralleled enhanced gray matter volume in these areas concomitant with decreased hemodynamic responses. Finally and unexpectedly, males were found to be more talented foreign speech mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Maria Reiterer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, MR Research Group, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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