1
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Wisner KM, Johnson MK, Porter JN, Krueger RF, MacDonald AW. Task-related neural mechanisms of persecutory ideation in schizophrenia and community monozygotic twin-pairs. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5244-5263. [PMID: 34331484 PMCID: PMC8519853 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceptions of spiteful behavior are common, distinct from rational fear, and may undergird persecutory ideation. To test this hypothesis and investigate neural mechanisms of persecutory ideation, we employed a novel economic social decision‐making task, the Minnesota Trust Game (MTG), during neuroimaging in patients with schizophrenia (n = 30) and community monozygotic (MZ) twins (n = 38; 19 pairs). We examined distinct forms of mistrust, task‐related brain activation and connectivity, and investigated relationships with persecutory ideation. We tested whether co‐twin discordance on these measurements was correlated to reflect a common source of underlying variance. Across samples persecutory ideation was associated with reduced trust only during the suspiciousness condition, which assessed spite sensitivity given partners had no monetary incentive to betray. Task‐based activation contrasts for specific forms of mistrust were limited and unrelated to persecutory ideation. However, task‐based connectivity contrasts revealed a dorsal cingulate anterior insula network sensitive to suspicious mistrust, a left frontal–parietal (lF‐P) network sensitive to rational mistrust, and a ventral medial/orbital prefrontal (vmPFC/OFC) network that was sensitive to the difference between these forms of mistrust (all p < .005). Higher persecutory ideation was predicted only by reduced connectivity between the vmPFC/OFC and lF‐P networks (p = .005), which was only observed when the intentions of the other player were relevant. Moreover, co‐twin differences in persecutory ideation predicted co‐twin differences in both spite sensitivity and in vmPFC/OFC–lF‐P connectivity. This work found that interconnectivity may be particularly important to the complex neurobiology underlying persecutory ideation, and that unique environmental variance causally linked persecutory ideation, decision‐making, and brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Wisner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - James N Porter
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angus W MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Takagi Y, Okada N, Ando S, Yahata N, Morita K, Koshiyama D, Kawakami S, Sawada K, Koike S, Endo K, Yamasaki S, Nishida A, Kasai K, Tanaka SC. Intergenerational transmission of the patterns of functional and structural brain networks. iScience 2021; 24:102708. [PMID: 34258550 PMCID: PMC8253972 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is clear evidence of intergenerational transmission of life values, cognitive traits, psychiatric disorders, and even aspects of daily decision making. To investigate biological substrates of this phenomenon, the brain has received increasing attention as a measurable biomarker and potential target for intervention. However, no previous study has quantitatively and comprehensively investigated the effects of intergenerational transmission on functional and structural brain networks. Here, by employing an unusually large cohort dataset (N = 84 parent-child dyads; 45 sons, 39 daughters, 81 mothers, and 3 fathers), we show that patterns of functional and structural brain networks are preserved over a generation. We also demonstrate that several demographic factors and behavioral/physiological phenotypes have a relationship with brain similarity. Collectively, our results provide a comprehensive picture of neurobiological substrates of intergenerational transmission and demonstrate the usability of our dataset for investigating the neurobiological substrates of intergenerational transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Takagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yahata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawakami
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kingo Sawada
- Office for Mental Health Support, Mental Health Unit, Division for Practice Research, Center for Research on Counseling and Support Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Endo
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori C Tanaka
- ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Barber AD, Hegarty CE, Lindquist M, Karlsgodt KH. Heritability of Functional Connectivity in Resting State: Assessment of the Dynamic Mean, Dynamic Variance, and Static Connectivity across Networks. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2834-2844. [PMID: 33429433 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent efforts to evaluate the heritability of the brain's functional connectome have predominantly focused on static connectivity. However, evaluating connectivity changes across time can provide valuable insight about the inherent dynamic nature of brain function. Here, the heritability of Human Connectome Project resting-state fMRI data was examined to determine whether there is a genetic basis for dynamic fluctuations in functional connectivity. The dynamic connectivity variance, in addition to the dynamic mean and standard static connectivity, was evaluated. Heritability was estimated using Accelerated Permutation Inference for the ACE (APACE), which models the additive genetic (h2), common environmental (c2), and unique environmental (e2) variance. Heritability was moderate (mean h2: dynamic mean = 0.35, dynamic variance = 0.45, and static = 0.37) and tended to be greater for dynamic variance compared to either dynamic mean or static connectivity. Further, heritability of dynamic variance was reliable across both sessions for several network connections, particularly between higher-order cognitive and visual networks. For both dynamic mean and static connectivity, similar patterns of heritability were found across networks. The findings support the notion that dynamic connectivity is genetically influenced. The flexibility of network connections, not just their strength, is a heritable endophenotype that may predispose trait behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita D Barber
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York, 11004, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, 11030, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | | | - Martin Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, USA
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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4
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Genetic and environmental influences on functional connectivity within and between canonical cortical resting-state networks throughout adolescent development in boys and girls. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116073. [PMID: 31386921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is active during rest and hierarchically organized into intrinsic functional networks. These functional networks are largely established early in development, with reports of a shift from a local to more distributed organization during childhood and adolescence. It remains unknown to what extent genetic and environmental influences on functional connectivity change throughout adolescent development. We measured functional connectivity within and between eight cortical networks in a longitudinal resting-state fMRI study of adolescent twins and their older siblings on two occasions (mean ages 13 and 18 years). We modelled the reliability for these inherently noisy and head-motion sensitive measurements by analyzing data from split-half sessions. Functional connectivity between resting-state networks decreased with age whereas functional connectivity within resting-state networks generally increased with age, independent of general cognitive functioning. Sex effects were sparse, with stronger functional connectivity in the default mode network for girls compared to boys, and stronger functional connectivity in the salience network for boys compared to girls. Heritability explained up to 53% of the variation in functional connectivity within and between resting-state networks, and common environment explained up to 33%. Genetic influences on functional connectivity remained stable during adolescent development. In conclusion, longitudinal age-related changes in functional connectivity within and between cortical resting-state networks are subtle but wide-spread throughout adolescence. Genes play a considerable role in explaining individual variation in functional connectivity with mostly stable influences throughout adolescence.
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5
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Miranda-Dominguez O, Feczko E, Grayson DS, Walum H, Nigg JT, Fair DA. Heritability of the human connectome: A connectotyping study. Netw Neurosci 2018; 2:175-199. [PMID: 30215032 PMCID: PMC6130446 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in resting-state neuroimaging demonstrates that the brain exhibits highly individualized patterns of functional connectivity-a "connectotype." How these individualized patterns may be constrained by environment and genetics is unknown. Here we ask whether the connectotype is familial and heritable. Using a novel approach to estimate familiality via a machine-learning framework, we analyzed resting-state fMRI scans from two well-characterized samples of child and adult siblings. First we show that individual connectotypes were reliably identified even several years after the initial scanning timepoint. Familial relationships between participants, such as siblings versus those who are unrelated, were also accurately characterized. The connectotype demonstrated substantial heritability driven by high-order systems including the fronto-parietal, dorsal attention, ventral attention, cingulo-opercular, and default systems. This work suggests that shared genetics and environment contribute toward producing complex, individualized patterns of distributed brain activity, rather than constraining local aspects of function. These insights offer new strategies for characterizing individual aberrations in brain function and evaluating heritability of brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Miranda-Dominguez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric Feczko
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David S Grayson
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hasse Walum
- Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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6
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Frequency-specific genetic influence on inferior parietal lobule activation commonly observed during action observation and execution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17660. [PMID: 29247177 PMCID: PMC5732255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain activity relating to recognition of action varies among subjects. These differences have been hypothesised to originate from genetic and environmental factors although the extent of their effect remains unclear. Effects of these factors on brain activity during action recognition were evaluated by comparing magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals in twins. MEG signals of 20 pairs of elderly monozygotic twins and 11 pairs of elderly dizygotic twins were recorded while they observed finger movements and copied them. Beamformer and group statistical analyses were performed to evaluate spatiotemporal differences in cortical activities. Significant event-related desynchronisation (ERD) of the β band (13–25 Hz) at the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) was observed for both action observation and execution. Moreover, β-band ERD at the left IPL during action observation was significantly better correlated among monozygotic twins compared to unrelated pairs (Z-test, p = 0.027). β-band ERD heritability at the left IPL was 67% in an ACE model. These results demonstrate that β-band ERD at the IPL, which is commonly observed during action recognition and execution, is affected by genetic rather than environmental factors. The effect of genetic factors on the cortical activity of action recognition may depend on anatomical location and frequency characteristics.
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7
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Fox JM, Abram SV, Reilly JL, Eack S, Goldman MB, Csernansky JG, Wang L, Smith MJ. Default mode functional connectivity is associated with social functioning in schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 126:392-405. [PMID: 28358526 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia display notable deficits in social functioning. Research indicates that neural connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) is related to social cognition and social functioning in healthy and clinical populations. However, the association between DMN connectivity, social cognition, and social functioning has not been studied in schizophrenia. For the present study, the authors used resting-state neuroimaging data to evaluate connectivity between the main DMN hubs (i.e., the medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC] and the posterior cingulate cortex-anterior precuneus [PPC]) in individuals with schizophrenia (n = 28) and controls (n = 32). The authors also examined whether DMN connectivity was associated with social functioning via social attainment (measured by the Specific Levels of Functioning Scale) and social competence (measured by the Social Skills Performance Assessment), and if social cognition mediates the association between DMN connectivity and these measures of social functioning. Results revealed that DMN connectivity did not differ between individuals with schizophrenia and controls. However, connectivity between the mPFC and PCC hubs was significantly associated with social competence and social attainment in individuals with schizophrenia but not in controls as reflected by a significant group-by-connectivity interaction. Social cognition did not mediate the association between DMN connectivity and social functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. The findings suggest that fronto-parietal DMN connectivity in particular may be differentially associated with social functioning in schizophrenia and controls. As a result, DMN connectivity may be used as a neuroimaging marker to monitor treatment response or as a potential target for interventions that aim to enhance social functioning in schizophrenia. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Fox
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | | | - James L Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Shaun Eack
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Morris B Goldman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - John G Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Matthew J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
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8
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Abram SV, Wisner KM, Fox JM, Barch DM, Wang L, Csernansky JG, MacDonald AW, Smith MJ. Fronto-temporal connectivity predicts cognitive empathy deficits and experiential negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:1111-1124. [PMID: 27774734 PMCID: PMC6866816 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cognitive empathy is a core social cognitive deficit in schizophrenia associated with negative symptoms and social functioning. Cognitive empathy and negative symptoms have also been linked to medial prefrontal and temporal brain networks. While shared behavioral and neural underpinnings are suspected for cognitive empathy and negative symptoms, research is needed to test these hypotheses. In two studies, we evaluated whether resting-state functional connectivity between data-driven networks, or components (referred to as, inter-component connectivity), predicted cognitive empathy and experiential and expressive negative symptoms in schizophrenia subjects. Study 1: We examined associations between cognitive empathy and medial prefrontal and temporal inter-component connectivity at rest using a group-matched schizophrenia and control sample. We then assessed whether inter-component connectivity metrics associated with cognitive empathy were also related to negative symptoms. Study 2: We sought to replicate the connectivity-symptom associations observed in Study 1 using an independent schizophrenia sample. Study 1 results revealed that while the groups did not differ in average inter-component connectivity, a medial-fronto-temporal metric and an orbito-fronto-temporal metric were related to cognitive empathy. Moreover, the medial-fronto-temporal metric was associated with experiential negative symptoms in both schizophrenia samples. These findings support recent models that link social cognition and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1111-1124, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V. Abram
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Minnesota, Twin Cities75 East River ParkwayMinneapolisMinnesota
| | - Krista M. Wisner
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Minnesota, Twin Cities75 East River ParkwayMinneapolisMinnesota
| | - Jaclyn M. Fox
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine710 North Lakeshore DriveChicagoIllinois
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of PsychologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
- Department of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine710 North Lakeshore DriveChicagoIllinois
| | - John G. Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine710 North Lakeshore DriveChicagoIllinois
| | - Angus W. MacDonald
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Minnesota, Twin Cities75 East River ParkwayMinneapolisMinnesota
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Minnesota, Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesota
| | - Matthew J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine710 North Lakeshore DriveChicagoIllinois
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9
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Araki T, Hirata M, Yanagisawa T, Sugata H, Onishi M, Watanabe Y, Ogata S, Honda C, Hayakawa K, Yorifuji S. Language-related cerebral oscillatory changes are influenced equally by genetic and environmental factors. Neuroimage 2016; 142:241-247. [PMID: 27241483 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin studies have suggested that there are genetic influences on inter-individual variation in terms of verbal abilities, and candidate genes have been identified by genome-wide association studies. However, the brain activities under genetic influence during linguistic processing remain unclear. In this study, we investigated neuromagnetic activities during a language task in a group of 28 monozygotic (MZ) and 12 dizygotic (DZ) adult twin pairs. We examined the spatio-temporal distribution of the event-related desynchronizations (ERDs) in the low gamma band (25-50Hz) using beamformer analyses and time-frequency analyses. Heritability was evaluated by comparing the respective MZ and DZ correlations. The genetic and environmental contributions were then estimated by structural equation modeling (SEM). We found that the peaks of the low gamma ERDs were localized to the left frontal area. The power of low gamma ERDs in this area exhibited higher similarity between MZ twins than that between DZ twins. SEM estimated the genetic contribution as approximately 50%. In addition, these powers were negatively correlated with the behavioral verbal scores. These results improve our understanding of how genetic and environmental factors influence cerebral activities during linguistic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Araki
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takufumi Yanagisawa
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisato Sugata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, Dannoharu, Oita, Japan
| | - Mai Onishi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soshiro Ogata
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Chika Honda
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hayakawa
- Mie Prefectural College of Nursing, Tsu, Mie 514-0116, Japan
| | - Shiro Yorifuji
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Large-scale functional network overlap is a general property of brain functional organization: Reconciling inconsistent fMRI findings from general-linear-model-based analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:83-100. [PMID: 27592153 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies regularly use univariate general-linear-model-based analyses (GLM). Their findings are often inconsistent across different studies, perhaps because of several fundamental brain properties including functional heterogeneity, balanced excitation and inhibition (E/I), and sparseness of neuronal activities. These properties stipulate heterogeneous neuronal activities in the same voxels and likely limit the sensitivity and specificity of GLM. This paper selectively reviews findings of histological and electrophysiological studies and fMRI spatial independent component analysis (sICA) and reports new findings by applying sICA to two existing datasets. The extant and new findings consistently demonstrate several novel features of brain functional organization not revealed by GLM. They include overlap of large-scale functional networks (FNs) and their concurrent opposite modulations, and no significant modulations in activity of most FNs across the whole brain during any task conditions. These novel features of brain functional organization are highly consistent with the brain's properties of functional heterogeneity, balanced E/I, and sparseness of neuronal activity, and may help reconcile inconsistent GLM findings.
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11
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Abram SV, Helwig NE, Moodie CA, DeYoung CG, MacDonald AW, Waller NG. Bootstrap Enhanced Penalized Regression for Variable Selection with Neuroimaging Data. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:344. [PMID: 27516732 PMCID: PMC4964314 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in fMRI research highlight the use of multivariate methods for examining whole-brain connectivity. Complementary data-driven methods are needed for determining the subset of predictors related to individual differences. Although commonly used for this purpose, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression may not be ideal due to multi-collinearity and over-fitting issues. Penalized regression is a promising and underutilized alternative to OLS regression. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric bootstrap quantile (QNT) approach for variable selection with neuroimaging data. We use real and simulated data, as well as annotated R code, to demonstrate the benefits of our proposed method. Our results illustrate the practical potential of our proposed bootstrap QNT approach. Our real data example demonstrates how our method can be used to relate individual differences in neural network connectivity with an externalizing personality measure. Also, our simulation results reveal that the QNT method is effective under a variety of data conditions. Penalized regression yields more stable estimates and sparser models than OLS regression in situations with large numbers of highly correlated neural predictors. Our results demonstrate that penalized regression is a promising method for examining associations between neural predictors and clinically relevant traits or behaviors. These findings have important implications for the growing field of functional connectivity research, where multivariate methods produce numerous, highly correlated brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Abram
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nathaniel E Helwig
- Department of Psychology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; School of Statistics, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Craig A Moodie
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Angus W MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Niels G Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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12
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Abram SV, Wisner KM, Grazioplene RG, Krueger RF, MacDonald AW, DeYoung CG. Functional coherence of insula networks is associated with externalizing behavior. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 124:1079-91. [PMID: 26301974 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The externalizing spectrum encompasses a range of maladaptive behaviors, including substance-use problems, impulsivity, and aggression. Although previous literature has linked externalizing behaviors with prefrontal and amygdala abnormalities, recent studies suggest insula functionality is implicated. This study investigated the relation between insula functional coherence and externalizing in a large community sample (N = 244). Participants underwent a resting functional MRI scan. Three nonartifactual intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) substantially involving the insula were identified after completing independent components analysis. Three externalizing domains-general disinhibition, substance abuse, and callous aggression-were measured with the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory. Regression models tested whether within-network coherence for the 3 insula ICNs was related to each externalizing domain. Posterior insula coherence was positively associated with general disinhibition and substance abuse. Anterior insula/ventral striatum/anterior cingulate network coherence was negatively associated with general disinhibition. Insula coherence did not relate to the callous aggression domain. Follow-up analyses indicated specificity for insula ICNs in their relation to general disinhibition and substance abuse as compared with other frontal and limbic ICNs. This study found insula network coherence was significantly associated with externalizing behaviors in community participants. Frontal and limbic ICNs containing less insular cortex were not related to externalizing. Thus, the neural synchrony of insula networks may be central for understanding externalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krista M Wisner
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | | | | | | | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
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Bright MG, Murphy K. Is fMRI "noise" really noise? Resting state nuisance regressors remove variance with network structure. Neuroimage 2015; 114:158-69. [PMID: 25862264 PMCID: PMC4461310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise correction is a critical step towards accurate mapping of resting state BOLD fMRI connectivity. Noise sources related to head motion or physiology are typically modelled by nuisance regressors, and a generalised linear model is applied to regress out the associated signal variance. In this study, we use independent component analysis (ICA) to characterise the data variance typically discarded in this pre-processing stage in a cohort of 12 healthy volunteers. The signal variance removed by 24, 12, 6, or only 3 head motion parameters demonstrated network structure typically associated with functional connectivity, and certain networks were discernable in the variance extracted by as few as 2 physiologic regressors. Simulated nuisance regressors, unrelated to the true data noise, also removed variance with network structure, indicating that any group of regressors that randomly sample variance may remove highly structured “signal” as well as “noise.” Furthermore, to support this we demonstrate that random sampling of the original data variance continues to exhibit robust network structure, even when as few as 10% of the original volumes are considered. Finally, we examine the diminishing returns of increasing the number of nuisance regressors used in pre-processing, showing that excessive use of motion regressors may do little better than chance in removing variance within a functional network. It remains an open challenge to understand the balance between the benefits and confounds of noise correction using nuisance regressors. Data variance removed by nuisance regressors contains network structure. Simulated regressors unrelated to noise also extract data with network structure. Random sampling of original data (as few as 10% of volumes) reveals robust networks. After optimal number, motion regressors remove similar variance as simulated ones. Excessive nuisance regressors extract random signal variance with network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly G Bright
- Division of Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Murphy
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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