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Li X, Wei W, Wang Q, Deng W, Li M, Ma X, Zeng J, Zhao L, Guo W, Hall MH, Li T. Identify Potential Causal Relationships Between Cortical Thickness, Mismatch Negativity, Neurocognition, and Psychosocial Functioning in Drug-Naïve First-Episode Psychosis Patients. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:827-838. [PMID: 38635296 PMCID: PMC11283193 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical thickness (CT) alterations, mismatch negativity (MMN) reductions, and cognitive deficits are robust findings in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, most studies focused on medicated patients, leaving gaps in our understanding of the interrelationships between CT, MMN, neurocognition, and psychosocial functioning in unmedicated FEP. This study aimed to employ multiple mediation analysis to investigate potential pathways among these variables in unmedicated drug-naïve FEP. METHODS We enrolled 28 drug-naïve FEP and 34 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical symptoms, neurocognition, psychosocial functioning, auditory duration MMN, and T1 structural magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. We measured CT in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), a primary MMN-generating region. RESULTS We found a significant negative correlation between MMN amplitude and bilateral CT of STG (CT_STG) in FEP (left: r = -.709, P < .001; right: r = -.612, P = .008). Multiple mediation models revealed that a thinner left STG cortex affected functioning through both direct (24.66%) and indirect effects (75.34%). In contrast, the effects of the right CT_STG on functioning were mainly mediated through MMN and neurocognitive pathways. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral CT_STG showed significant association with MMN, and MMN plays a mediating role between CT and cognition. Both MMN alone and its interaction with cognition mediated the effects of structural alterations on psychosocial function. The decline in overall function in FEP may stem from decreased CT_STG, leading to subsequent MMN deficits and neurocognitive dysfunction. These findings underline the crucial role of MMN in elucidating how subtle structural alterations can impact neurocognition and psychosocial function in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinkun Zeng
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mei-Hua Hall
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Takasago M, Kunii N, Fujitani S, Ishishita Y, Tada M, Kirihara K, Komatsu M, Uka T, Shimada S, Nagata K, Kasai K, Saito N. Auditory prediction errors in sound frequency and duration generated different cortical activation patterns in the human brain: an ECoG study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae072. [PMID: 38466116 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sound frequency and duration are essential auditory components. The brain perceives deviations from the preceding sound context as prediction errors, allowing efficient reactions to the environment. Additionally, prediction error response to duration change is reduced in the initial stages of psychotic disorders. To compare the spatiotemporal profiles of responses to prediction errors, we conducted a human electrocorticography study with special attention to high gamma power in 13 participants who completed both frequency and duration oddball tasks. Remarkable activation in the bilateral superior temporal gyri in both the frequency and duration oddball tasks were observed, suggesting their association with prediction errors. However, the response to deviant stimuli in duration oddball task exhibited a second peak, which resulted in a bimodal response. Furthermore, deviant stimuli in frequency oddball task elicited a significant response in the inferior frontal gyrus that was not observed in duration oddball task. These spatiotemporal differences within the Parasylvian cortical network could account for our efficient reactions to changes in sound properties. The findings of this study may contribute to unveiling auditory processing and elucidating the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Takasago
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shigeta Fujitani
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishishita
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Office for Mental Health Support, Center for Research on Counseling and Support Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Disability Services Office, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Misako Komatsu
- Institution of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 226-8503, Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagata
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Fujitani S, Kunii N, Nagata K, Takasago M, Shimada S, Tada M, Kirihara K, Komatsu M, Uka T, Kasai K, Saito N. Auditory prediction and prediction error responses evoked through a novel cascade roving paradigm: a human ECoG study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad508. [PMID: 38183184 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Auditory sensory processing is assumed to occur in a hierarchical structure including the primary auditory cortex (A1), superior temporal gyrus, and frontal areas. These areas are postulated to generate predictions for incoming stimuli, creating an internal model of the surrounding environment. Previous studies on mismatch negativity have indicated the involvement of the superior temporal gyrus in this processing, whereas reports have been mixed regarding the contribution of the frontal cortex. We designed a novel auditory paradigm, the "cascade roving" paradigm, which incorporated complex structures (cascade sequences) into a roving paradigm. We analyzed electrocorticography data from six patients with refractory epilepsy who passively listened to this novel auditory paradigm and detected responses to deviants mainly in the superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus. Notably, the inferior frontal gyrus exhibited broader distribution and sustained duration of deviant-elicited responses, seemingly differing in spatio-temporal characteristics from the prediction error responses observed in the superior temporal gyrus, compared with conventional oddball paradigms performed on the same participants. Moreover, we observed that the deviant responses were enhanced through stimulus repetition in the high-gamma range mainly in the superior temporal gyrus. These features of the novel paradigm may aid in our understanding of auditory predictive coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeta Fujitani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Megumi Takasago
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Office for Mental Health Support, Center for Research on Counseling and Support Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Disability Services Office, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Misako Komatsu
- Institution of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 226-8503, Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence at University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Pérez-González D, Lao-Rodríguez AB, Aedo-Sánchez C, Malmierca MS. Acetylcholine modulates the precision of prediction error in the auditory cortex. eLife 2024; 12:RP91475. [PMID: 38241174 PMCID: PMC10942646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental property of sensory systems is their ability to detect novel stimuli in the ambient environment. The auditory brain contains neurons that decrease their response to repetitive sounds but increase their firing rate to novel or deviant stimuli; the difference between both responses is known as stimulus-specific adaptation or neuronal mismatch (nMM). Here, we tested the effect of microiontophoretic applications of ACh on the neuronal responses in the auditory cortex (AC) of anesthetized rats during an auditory oddball paradigm, including cascade controls. Results indicate that ACh modulates the nMM, affecting prediction error responses but not repetition suppression, and this effect is manifested predominantly in infragranular cortical layers. The differential effect of ACh on responses to standards, relative to deviants (in terms of averages and variances), was consistent with the representational sharpening that accompanies an increase in the precision of prediction errors. These findings suggest that ACh plays an important role in modulating prediction error signaling in the AC and gating the access of these signals to higher cognitive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-González
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Behavioural Science Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Ciudad Jardín, University of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Ana Belén Lao-Rodríguez
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - Cristian Aedo-Sánchez
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, University of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
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Van Derveer AB, Ross JM, Hamm JP. Multimodal mismatch responses in associative but not primary visual cortex support hierarchical predictive coding in cortical networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.12.536573. [PMID: 37090646 PMCID: PMC10120723 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A key function of the mammalian neocortex is to process sensory data in the context of current and past stimuli. Primary sensory cortices, such as V1, respond weakly to stimuli that typical in their context but strongly to novel stimuli, an effect known as "deviance detection". How deviance detection occurs in associative cortical regions that are downstream of V1 is not well-understood. Here we investigated parietal associative area (PTLp) responses to auditory, visual, and audio-visual mismatches with two-photon calcium imaging and local field potential recordings. We employed basic unisensory auditory and visual oddball paradigms as well as a novel multisensory oddball paradigm, involving typical parings (VaAc or VbAd) presented at p=.88 with rare "deviant" pairings (e.g. VaAd or VbAc) presented at p=.12. We found that PTLp displayed robust deviance detection responses to auditory-visual mismatches, both in individual neurons and in population theta and gamma-band oscillations. In contrast, V1 neurons displayed deviance detection only to visual deviants in a unisensory context, but not to auditory or auditory-visual mismatches. Taken together, these results accord with a predictive processing framework for cortical responses, wherein modality specific prediction errors (i.e. deviance detection responses) are computed in functionally specified cortical areas and feed-forward to update higher brain regions.
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Lee SJ, Park J, Lee SY, Koo JW, Vanneste S, De Ridder D, Lim S, Song JJ. Triple network activation causes tinnitus in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A model-based volume-entropy analysis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1028776. [PMID: 36466160 PMCID: PMC9714300 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1028776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus can be defined as the conscious perception of phantom sounds in the absence of corresponding external auditory signals. Tinnitus can develop in the setting of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Using electroencephalography, we investigated differences in afferent node capacity between 15 SSNHL patients without tinnitus (NT) and 30 SSNHL patients with tinnitus (T). Where the T group showed increased afferent node capacity in regions constituting a "triple brain network" [default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN)], the NT group showed increased information flow in regions implicated in temporal auditory processing and noise-canceling pathways. Our results demonstrate that when all components of the triple network are activated due to sudden-onset auditory deprivation, tinnitus ensues. By contrast, auditory processing-associated and tinnitus-suppressing networks are highly activated in the NT group, to overcome the activation of the triple network and effectively suppress the generation of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Park
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja-Won Koo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Seonhee Lim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Insa S, Felix L, Peters A, Maximilian B, Thomas S. Effects of awareness and task relevance on neurocomputational models of mismatch negativity generation. Neuroimage 2022; 262:119530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Schlossmacher I, Dilly J, Protmann I, Hofmann D, Dellert T, Roth-Paysen ML, Moeck R, Bruchmann M, Straube T. Differential effects of prediction error and adaptation along the auditory cortical hierarchy during deviance processing. Neuroimage 2022; 259:119445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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The Role of the Interaction between the Inferior Parietal Lobule and Superior Temporal Gyrus in the Multisensory Go/No-go Task. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119140. [PMID: 35342002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Information from multiple sensory modalities interacts. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we aimed to identify the neural structures correlated with how cooccurring sound modulates the visual motor response execution. The reaction time (RT) to audiovisual stimuli was significantly faster than the RT to visual stimuli. Signal detection analyses showed no significant difference in the perceptual sensitivity (d') between audiovisual and visual stimuli, while the response criteria (β or c) of the audiovisual stimuli was decreased compared to the visual stimuli. The functional connectivity between the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) was enhanced in Go processing compared with No-go processing of audiovisual stimuli. Furthermore, the left precentral gyrus (PreCG) showed enhanced functional connectivity with the bilateral STG and other areas of the ventral stream in Go processing compared with No-go processing of audiovisual stimuli. These results revealed that the neuronal network correlated with modulations of the motor response execution after the presentation of both visual stimuli along with cooccurring sound in a multisensory Go/Nogo task, including the left IPL, left PreCG, bilateral STG and some areas of the ventral stream. The role of the interaction between the IPL and STG in transforming audiovisual information into motor behavior is discussed. The current study provides a new perspective for exploring potential brain mechanisms underlying how humans execute appropriate behaviors on the basis of multisensory information.
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Nagata K, Kunii N, Shimada S, Fujitani S, Takasago M, Saito N. Spatiotemporal target selection for intracranial neural decoding of abstract and concrete semantics. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5544-5554. [PMID: 35169837 PMCID: PMC9753048 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Decoding the inner representation of a word meaning from human cortical activity is a substantial challenge in the development of speech brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). The semantic aspect of speech is a novel target of speech decoding that may enable versatile communication platforms for individuals with impaired speech ability; however, there is a paucity of electrocorticography studies in this field. We decoded the semantic representation of a word from single-trial cortical activity during an imageability-based property identification task that required participants to discriminate between the abstract and concrete words. Using high gamma activity in the language-dominant hemisphere, a support vector machine classifier could discriminate the 2-word categories with significantly high accuracy (73.1 ± 7.5%). Activities in specific time components from two brain regions were identified as significant predictors of abstract and concrete dichotomy. Classification using these feature components revealed that comparable prediction accuracy could be obtained based on a spatiotemporally targeted decoding approach. Our study demonstrated that mental representations of abstract and concrete word processing could be decoded from cortical high gamma activities, and the coverage of implanted electrodes and time window of analysis could be successfully minimized. Our findings lay the foundation for the future development of semantic-based speech BMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nagata
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Corresponding author: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, 73-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shigeta Fujitani
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Megumi Takasago
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Braga A, Schönwiesner M. Neural Substrates and Models of Omission Responses and Predictive Processes. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:799581. [PMID: 35177967 PMCID: PMC8844463 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.799581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive coding theories argue that deviance detection phenomena, such as mismatch responses and omission responses, are generated by predictive processes with possibly overlapping neural substrates. Molecular imaging and electrophysiology studies of mismatch responses and corollary discharge in the rodent model allowed the development of mechanistic and computational models of these phenomena. These models enable translation between human and non-human animal research and help to uncover fundamental features of change-processing microcircuitry in the neocortex. This microcircuitry is characterized by stimulus-specific adaptation and feedforward inhibition of stimulus-selective populations of pyramidal neurons and interneurons, with specific contributions from different interneuron types. The overlap of the substrates of different types of responses to deviant stimuli remains to be understood. Omission responses, which are observed both in corollary discharge and mismatch response protocols in humans, are underutilized in animal research and may be pivotal in uncovering the substrates of predictive processes. Omission studies comprise a range of methods centered on the withholding of an expected stimulus. This review aims to provide an overview of omission protocols and showcase their potential to integrate and complement the different models and procedures employed to study prediction and deviance detection.This approach may reveal the biological foundations of core concepts of predictive coding, and allow an empirical test of the framework’s promise to unify theoretical models of attention and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Braga
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- International Max Plank Research School, Max Plank Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Braga
| | - Marc Schönwiesner
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- International Laboratory for Research on Brain, Music, and Sound (BRAMS), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Suda Y, Tada M, Matsuo T, Kawasaki K, Saigusa T, Ishida M, Mitsui T, Kumano H, Kirihara K, Suzuki T, Matsumoto K, Hasegawa I, Kasai K, Uka T. Prediction-Related Frontal-Temporal Network for Omission Mismatch Activity in the Macaque Monkey. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:557954. [PMID: 35558420 PMCID: PMC9086590 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.557954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory prediction is considered an important element of mismatch negativity (MMN) whose reduction is well known in patients with schizophrenia. Omission MMN is a variant of the MMN which is elicited by the absence of a tone previously sequentially presented. Omission MMN can eliminate the effects of sound differences in typical oddball paradigms and affords the opportunity to identify prediction-related signals in the brain. Auditory predictions are thought to reflect bottom-up and top-down processing within hierarchically organized auditory areas. However, the communications between the various subregions of the auditory cortex and the prefrontal cortex that generate and communicate sensory prediction-related signals remain poorly understood. To explore how the frontal and temporal cortices communicate for the generation and propagation of such signals, we investigated the response in the omission paradigm using electrocorticogram (ECoG) electrodes implanted in the temporal, lateral prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortices of macaque monkeys. We recorded ECoG data from three monkeys during the omission paradigm and examined the functional connectivity between the temporal and frontal cortices by calculating phase-locking values (PLVs). This revealed that theta- (4-8 Hz), alpha- (8-12 Hz), and low-beta- (12-25 Hz) band synchronization increased at tone onset between the higher auditory cortex and the frontal pole where an early omission response was observed in the event-related potential (ERP). These synchronizations were absent when the tone was omitted. Conversely, low-beta-band (12-25 Hz) oscillation then became stronger for tone omission than for tone presentation approximately 200 ms after tone onset. The results suggest that auditory input is propagated to the frontal pole via the higher auditory cortex and that a reciprocal network may be involved in the generation of auditory prediction and prediction error. As impairments of prediction may underlie MMN reduction in patients with schizophrenia, an aberrant hierarchical temporal-frontal network might be related to this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Suda
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan.,Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawasaki
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Chuo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saigusa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Maho Ishida
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Mitsui
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan.,Department of Social Environment, Graduate School of Environment and Disaster Research, Tokoha University, Suruga, Japan
| | - Hironori Kumano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Japan
| | - Isao Hasegawa
- Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan.,Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Japan
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13
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Speech-related auditory salience detection in the posterior superior temporal region. Neuroimage 2021; 248:118840. [PMID: 34958951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing auditory human speech requires both detection (early and transient) and analysis (sustained). We analyzed high gamma (70-110 Hz) activity of intracranial electroencephalography waveforms acquired during an auditory task that paired forward speech, reverse speech, and signal correlated noise. We identified widespread superior temporal sites with sustained activity responding only to forward and reverse speech regardless of paired order. More localized superior temporal auditory onset sites responded to all stimulus types when presented first in a pair and responded in recurrent fashion to the second paired stimulus in select conditions even in the absence of interstimulus silence; a novel finding. Auditory onset activity to a second paired sound recurred according to relative salience, with evidence of partial suppression during linguistic processing. We propose that temporal lobe auditory onset sites facilitate a salience detector function with hysteresis of 200 ms and are influenced by cortico-cortical feedback loops involving linguistic processing and articulation.
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14
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Tada M, Kirihara K, Ishishita Y, Takasago M, Kunii N, Uka T, Shimada S, Ibayashi K, Kawai K, Saito N, Koshiyama D, Fujioka M, Araki T, Kasai K. Global and Parallel Cortical Processing Based on Auditory Gamma Oscillatory Responses in Humans. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4518-4532. [PMID: 33907804 PMCID: PMC8408476 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma oscillations are physiological phenomena that reflect perception and cognition, and involve parvalbumin-positive γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuron function. The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is the most robust index for gamma oscillations, and it is impaired in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Although ASSR reduction is known to vary in terms of frequency and time, the neural mechanisms are poorly understood. We obtained high-density electrocorticography recordings from a wide area of the cortex in 8 patients with refractory epilepsy. In an ASSR paradigm, click sounds were presented at frequencies of 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, and 160 Hz. We performed time-frequency analyses and analyzed intertrial coherence, event-related spectral perturbation, and high-gamma oscillations. We demonstrate that the ASSR is globally distributed among the temporal, parietal, and frontal cortices. The ASSR was composed of time-dependent neural subcircuits differing in frequency tuning. Importantly, the frequency tuning characteristics of the late-latency ASSR varied between the temporal/frontal and parietal cortex, suggestive of differentiation along parallel auditory pathways. This large-scale survey of the cortical ASSR could serve as a foundation for future studies of the ASSR in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishishita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Megumi Takasago
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenji Ibayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mao Fujioka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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15
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Koshiyama D, Thomas ML, Miyakoshi M, Joshi YB, Molina JL, Tanaka-Koshiyama K, Sprock J, Braff DL, Swerdlow NR, Light GA. Hierarchical Pathways from Sensory Processing to Cognitive, Clinical, and Functional Impairments in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:373-385. [PMID: 32856089 PMCID: PMC7965084 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of schizophrenia and a robust predictor of functional outcomes. Impairments are found in all phases of the illness and are only moderately attenuated by currently approved therapeutics. Neurophysiological indices of sensory discrimination (ie, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a amplitudes) and gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR; power and phase locking) are translational biomarkers widely used in the development of novel therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders. It is unclear whether laboratory-based EEG measures add explanatory power to well-established models that use only cognitive, clinical, and functional outcome measures. Moreover, it is unclear if measures of sensory discrimination and gamma-band ASSR uniquely contribute to putative causal pathways linking sensory discrimination, neurocognition, negative symptoms, and functional outcomes in schizophrenia. To answer these questions, hierarchical associations among sensory processing, neurocognition, clinical symptoms, and functional outcomes were assessed via structural equation modeling in a large sample of schizophrenia patients (n = 695) and healthy comparison subjects (n = 503). The results showed that the neurophysiologic indices of sensory discrimination and gamma-band ASSR both significantly contribute to and yield unique hierarchical, "bottom-up" effects on neurocognition, symptoms, and functioning. Measures of sensory discrimination showed direct effects on neurocognition and negative symptoms, while gamma-band ASSR had a direct effect on neurocognition in patients. Continued investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying abnormal networks of MMN/P3a and gamma-band ASSR is needed to clarify the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michael L Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Swartz Center for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yash B Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- VISN-22 Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Juan L Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Joyce Sprock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David L Braff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Neal R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- VISN-22 Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
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16
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Sources of the frontocentral mismatch negativity and P3a responses in schizophrenia patients and healthy comparison subjects. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 161:76-85. [PMID: 33453303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a are event-related potential measures of early auditory information processing that are increasingly used as translational biomarkers in the development of treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. These responses are reduced in schizophrenia patients over the frontocentral scalp electrodes and are associated with important domains of cognitive and psychosocial functioning. While MMN and P3a responses are generated by a dynamic network of cortical sources distributed across the temporal and frontal brain regions, it is not clear how these sources independently contribute to MMN and P3a at the primary frontocentral scalp electrode or to abnormalities observed in schizophrenia. This study aimed to determine the independent source contributions and characterize the magnitude of impairment in source-level MMN and P3a responses in schizophrenia patients. METHODS A novel method was applied to back-project the contributions of 11 independent cortical source components to Fz, the primary scalp sensor that is used in clinical studies, in n = 589 schizophrenia patients and n = 449 healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS The groups showed comparable individual source contributions underlying both MMN and P3a responses at Fz. Source-level responses revealed an increasing magnitude of impairment in schizophrenia patients from the temporal to more frontal sources. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia patients have a normal architecture of source contributions that are accompanied by widespread abnormalities in source resolved mismatch and P3a responses, with more prominent deficits detected from the frontal sources. Quantification of source contributions and source-level responses accelerates clarification of the neural networks underlying MMN reduction at Fz in schizophrenia patients.
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17
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The effect of NMDA-R antagonist, MK-801, on neuronal mismatch along the rat auditory thalamocortical pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12391. [PMID: 32709861 PMCID: PMC7381643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient sensory processing requires that the brain maximize its response to unexpected stimuli, while suppressing responsivity to expected events. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential that occurs when a regular pattern is interrupted by an event that violates the expected properties of the pattern. According to the predictive coding framework there are two mechanisms underlying the MMN: repetition suppression and prediction error. MMN has been found to be reduced in individuals with schizophrenia, an effect believed to be underpinned by glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) dysfunction. In the current study, we aimed to test how the NMDA-R antagonist, MK-801 in the anaesthetized rat, affected repetition suppression and prediction error processes along the auditory thalamocortical pathway. We found that low-dose systemic administration of MK-801 differentially affect thalamocortical responses, namely, increasing thalamic repetition suppression and cortical prediction error. Results demonstrate an enhancement of neuronal mismatch, also confirmed by large scale-responses. Furthermore, MK-801 produces faster and stronger dynamics of adaptation along the thalamocortical hierarchy. Clearly more research is required to understand how NMDA-R antagonism and dosage affects processes contributing to MMN. Nonetheless, because a low dose of an NMDA-R antagonist increased neuronal mismatch, the outcome has implications for schizophrenia treatment.
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18
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Kirihara K, Tada M, Koshiyama D, Fujioka M, Usui K, Araki T, Kasai K. A Predictive Coding Perspective on Mismatch Negativity Impairment in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:660. [PMID: 32733298 PMCID: PMC7360815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a widely used biological marker for schizophrenia research. Previous studies reported that MMN amplitude was reduced in schizophrenia and that reduced MMN amplitude was associated with cognitive impairments and poor functional outcome in schizophrenia. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the reduced MMN amplitude remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that reduced MMN amplitude may reflect altered predictive coding in schizophrenia. In this paper, we reviewed MMN studies that used new paradigms and computational modeling to investigate altered predictive coding in schizophrenia. Studies using the roving oddball paradigm and modified oddball paradigm revealed that the effects of conditional probability were impaired in schizophrenia. Studies using omission paradigms and many-standards paradigms revealed that prediction error, but not adaptation, was impaired in schizophrenia. A study using a local-global paradigm revealed that hierarchical structures were impaired at both local and global levels in schizophrenia. Furthermore, studies using dynamic causal modeling revealed that neural networks with hierarchical structures were impaired in schizophrenia. These findings indicate that altered predictive coding underlies the reduced MMN amplitude in schizophrenia. However, there are several unsolved questions about optimal procedures, association among paradigms, and heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Future studies using several paradigms and computational modeling may solve these questions, and may lead to clarifying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to the development of individualized treatments for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mao Fujioka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Usui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Koshiyama D, Kirihara K, Tada M, Nagai T, Fujioka M, Usui K, Araki T, Kasai K. Reduced Auditory Mismatch Negativity Reflects Impaired Deviance Detection in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:937-946. [PMID: 32072183 PMCID: PMC7345817 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is a translatable electroencephalographic biomarker automatically evoked in response to unattended sounds that is robustly associated with cognitive and psychosocial disability in patients with schizophrenia. Although recent animal studies have tried to clarify the neural substrates of the MMN, the nature of schizophrenia-related deficits is unknown. In this study, we applied a novel paradigm developed from translational animal model studies to carefully deconstruct the constituent neurophysiological processes underlying MMN generation. Patients with schizophrenia (N = 25) and healthy comparison subjects (HCS; N = 27) underwent MMN testing using both a conventional auditory oddball paradigm and a "many-standards paradigm" that was specifically developed to deconstruct the subcomponent adaptation and deviance detection processes that are presumed to underlie the MMN. Using a conventional oddball paradigm, patients with schizophrenia exhibited large effect size deficits of both duration and frequency MMN, consistent with many previous studies. Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia showed selective impairments in deviance detection but no impairment in adaptation to repeated tones. These findings support the use of the many-standards paradigm for deconstructing the constituent processes underlying the MMN, with implications for the use of these translational measures to accelerate the development of new treatments that target perceptual and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Kawamuro Memorial Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mao Fujioka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Usui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; tel: +81-3-5800-8919, fax: +81-3-5800-9162, e-mail:
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20
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Abnormal Effective Connectivity Underlying Auditory Mismatch Negativity Impairments in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:1028-1039. [PMID: 32830097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is a translatable event-related potential biomarker, and its reduction in schizophrenia is associated with the severity of clinical symptoms. While MMN recorded at the scalp is generated by a distributed network of temporofrontal neural sources, the primary contributing sources and the dynamic interactions among sources underlying MMN impairments in schizophrenia have not been previously characterized. METHODS A novel data-driven analytic framework was applied to large cohorts of healthy comparison subjects (n = 449) and patients with schizophrenia (n = 589) to identify the independent contributing sources of MMN, characterize the patterns of effective connectivity underlying reduced MMN in patients, and explore the clinical significance of these abnormal source dynamics in schizophrenia. RESULTS A network of 11 independent contributing sources underlying MMN distributed across temporofrontal cortices was identified. Orderly shifts in peak source activity were detected in a steplike manner, starting at temporal structures and progressing across frontal brain regions. MMN reduction in patients was predominantly associated with reduced contributions from 3 frontal midline sources: orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and middle cingulate cortices. Patients showed increased connectivity from temporal to prefrontal regions in conjunction with decreased cross-hemispheric connectivity to prefrontal regions. The decreased connectivity strength of precentral to prefrontal regions in patients with schizophrenia was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the dynamic interactions among temporofrontal sources underlie MMN abnormalities in schizophrenia. These results advance our understanding of the neural substrates and temporal dynamics of normal and impaired information processing with novel applications for translatable biomarkers of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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21
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Cheng S, Xu G, Zhou J, Qu Y, Li Z, He Z, Yin T, Ma P, Sun R, Liang F. A Multimodal Meta-Analysis of Structural and Functional Changes in the Brain of Tinnitus. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:28. [PMID: 32161526 PMCID: PMC7053535 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain imaging studies of tinnitus patients have revealed marked changes in brain structure and function, but there are inconsistencies in those findings. In this meta-analysis, we investigated concurrence across studies to clarify those abnormalities in brain structure and function in tinnitus. Neuroimaging studies published up to December 6, 2019 were searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, Chinese Nation Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the Chongqing VIP, and Wanfang Database. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed by two independent researchers. Anisotropic effect size signed differential mapping (AES-SDM) was used to perform a multimodal analysis of available studies reporting whole-brain structural or functional data in tinnitus patients. There were 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The structural dataset comprised 242 tinnitus patients and 217 matched healthy subjects (HS), while the functional dataset included 130 tinnitus patients and 140 matched HS. Our analysis revealed structural alterations in the superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus (MTG), angular gyrus, caudate nucleus, superior frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor area, as well as functional differences in the MTG, middle occipital gyrus, precuneus, and right inferior parietal (excluding supramarginal and angular) gyri. The multimodal analysis revealed significant differences in the right MTG of tinnitus patients relative to HS. These findings suggest the involvement of the cortico-striatal circuits in the neuropathology of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Cheng
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guixing Xu
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhu Qu
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengjie Li
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoxuan He
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Yin
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peihong Ma
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruirui Sun
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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22
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Takasago M, Kunii N, Komatsu M, Tada M, Kirihara K, Uka T, Ishishita Y, Shimada S, Kasai K, Saito N. Spatiotemporal Differentiation of MMN From N1 Adaptation: A Human ECoG Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:586. [PMID: 32670112 PMCID: PMC7333077 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is an electrophysiological response to a deviation from regularity. This response is considered pivotal to understanding auditory processing, particularly in the pre-attentive phase. However, previous findings suggest that MMN is a product of N1 adaptation/enhancement, which reflects lower-order auditory processing. The separability of these two components remains unclear and is considered an important issue in the field of neuroscience. The aim of the present study was to spatiotemporally differentiate MMN from N1 adaptation using human electrocorticography (ECoG). Auditory evoked potentials under the classical oddball (OD) task as well as the many standards (MS) task were recorded in three patients with epilepsy whose lateral cortices were widely covered with high-density electrodes. Close observation identified an electrode at which N1 adaptation was temporally separated from MMN, whereas N1 adaptation was partially incorporated into MMN at other electrodes. Since N1 adaptation occurs in the N1 population, we spatially compared MMN with N1 obtained from the MS task instead of N1 adaptation. As a result, N1 was observed in a limited area around the Sylvian fissure adjacent to A1, whereas MMN was noted in wider areas, including the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes. MMN was thus considered to be differentiated from N1 adaptation. The results suggest that MMN is not merely a product of the neural adaptation of N1 and instead represents higher-order processes in auditory deviance detection. These results will contribute to strengthening the foundation of future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Takasago
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misako Komatsu
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishishita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotuke, Japan
| | - Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Fong CY, Law WHC, Uka T, Koike S. Auditory Mismatch Negativity Under Predictive Coding Framework and Its Role in Psychotic Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:557932. [PMID: 33132932 PMCID: PMC7511529 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.557932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional neuroscience sees sensory perception as a simple feedforward process. This view is challenged by the predictive coding model in recent years due to the robust evidence researchers had found on how our prediction could influence perception. In the first half of this article, we reviewed the concept of predictive brain and some empirical evidence of sensory prediction in visual and auditory processing. The predictive function along the auditory pathway was mainly studied by mismatch negativity (MMN)-a brain response to an unexpected disruption of regularity. We summarized a range of MMN paradigms and discussed how they could contribute to the theoretical development of the predictive coding neural network by the mechanism of adaptation and deviance detection. Such methodological and conceptual evolution sharpen MMN as a tool to better understand the structural and functional brain abnormality for neuropsychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yuen Fong
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Wai Him Crystal Law
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Japan.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Meguro-ku, Japan.,University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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24
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Tada M, Kirihara K, Mizutani S, Uka T, Kunii N, Koshiyama D, Fujioka M, Usui K, Nagai T, Araki T, Kasai K. Mismatch negativity (MMN) as a tool for translational investigations into early psychosis: A review. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 145:5-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Ishishita Y, Kunii N, Shimada S, Ibayashi K, Tada M, Kirihara K, Kawai K, Uka T, Kasai K, Saito N. Deviance detection is the dominant component of auditory contextual processing in the lateral superior temporal gyrus: A human ECoG study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1184-1194. [PMID: 30353997 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory contextual processing has been assumed to be based on a hierarchical structure consisting of the primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus (STG), and frontal lobe. Recent invasive studies on mismatch negativity (MMN) have revealed functional segregation for auditory contextual processing such as neural adaptation in the primary auditory cortex and prediction in the frontal lobe. However, the role of the STG remains unclear. We obtained induced activity in the high gamma band as mismatch response (MMR), an electrocorticographic (ECoG) counterpart to scalp MMN, and the components of MMR by analyzing ECoG data from patients with refractory epilepsy in an auditory oddball task paradigm. We found that MMR localized mainly in the bilateral posterior STGs, and that deviance detection largely accounted for MMR. Furthermore, adaptation was identified in a limited number of electrodes on the superior temporal plane. Our findings reveal a mixed contribution of deviance detection and adaptation depending on location in the STG. Such spatial considerations could lead to further understanding of the pathophysiology of relevant psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishishita
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ibayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at the University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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