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Davis CN, Khan Y, Toikumo S, Jinwala Z, Boomsma DI, Levey DF, Gelernter J, Kember RL, Kranzler HR. Genetic Insights into Externalizing and Internalizing Traits through Integration of the Research Domain Criteria and Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.06.24305166. [PMID: 38645045 PMCID: PMC11030494 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.06.24305166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background There is considerable comorbidity between externalizing (EXT) and internalizing (INT) psychopathology. Understanding the shared genetic underpinnings of these spectra is crucial for advancing knowledge of their biological bases and potential health impacts, and for informing empirical models like the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Methods We conducted a multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) of EXT and INT psychopathology by applying genomic structural equation modeling to summary statistics from 16 EXT and INT traits in European-ancestry individuals (n = 16,400 to 1,074,629). Downstream analyses explored associations across RDoC units of analysis (i.e., genes, molecules, cells, circuits, physiology, and behaviors). Results The GWAS identified 409 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for EXT, 85 for INT, and 256 for EXT+INT (i.e., shared) traits. Bivariate causal mixture models estimated that nearly all EXT and INT causal variants overlapped, despite a genetic correlation of 0.37 (SE = 0.02). Drug repurposing analyses identified potential therapeutic targets, including perturbagens affecting dopamine and serotonin pathways. EXT genes had enriched expression in GABAergic, cortical, and hippocampal neurons, while INT genes were more narrowly linked to GABAergic neurons. EXT+INT liability was associated with reduced grey matter volumes in the amygdala and subcallosal cortex. Conclusions These findings reveal both genetic overlap and distinct molecular and neurobiological pathways underlying EXT and INT psychopathology. By integrating genomic insights with the RDoC and HiTOP frameworks, this study advances our understanding of the mechanisms driving these dimensions of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal N. Davis
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yousef Khan
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeal Jinwala
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel F. Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel L. Kember
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lipschutz R, Powers A, Minton ST, Stenson AF, Ely TD, Stevens JS, Jovanovic T, van Rooij SJ. Smaller hippocampal volume is associated with anxiety symptoms in high-risk Black youth. JOURNAL OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS 2024; 7:100065. [PMID: 39391077 PMCID: PMC11466052 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Although there is an established link between smaller hippocampal volume and anxiety, the longitudinal relations between hippocampus structure and anxiety in diverse youth are not well understood. The present longitudinal study investigated hippocampal volumes related to anxiety symptoms in a sample of Black 8-14-year-old youth (N = 64), a population historically underrepresented in neuroimaging research. Smaller hippocampal volumes were associated with greater anxiety symptoms independent of age, sex, intracranial volume and trauma exposure. Exploratory longitudinal analyses showed smaller hippocampal volume as a predictor for anxiety symptoms (n = 37) and not a consequence of anxiety symptoms (n = 32), however results were inconclusive as this finding was no longer significant after correcting for baseline anxiety symptoms. Overall, this data increases our understanding of potential neurobiological mechanisms for anxiety in a high-risk sample of Black youth and suggests future directions into studying trajectories of developmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lipschutz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sean T. Minton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anais F. Stenson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Timothy D. Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sanne J.H. van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Davis C, Khan Y, Toikumo S, Jinwala Z, Boomsma D, Levey D, Gelernter J, Kember R, Kranzler H. A Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Neural Correlates and Common Biological Mechanisms of Psychopathology Spectra. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4228593. [PMID: 38659902 PMCID: PMC11042423 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4228593/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable comorbidity across externalizing and internalizing behavior dimensions of psychopathology. We applied genomic structural equation modeling (gSEM) to genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to evaluate the factor structure of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology across 16 traits and disorders among European-ancestry individuals (n's = 16,400 to 1,074,629). We conducted GWAS on factors derived from well-fitting models. Downstream analyses served to identify biological mechanisms, explore drug repurposing targets, estimate genetic overlap between the externalizing and internalizing spectra, and evaluate causal effects of psychopathology liability on physical health. Both a correlated factors model, comprising two factors of externalizing and internalizing risk, and a higher-order single-factor model of genetic effects contributing to both spectra demonstrated acceptable t. GWAS identified 409 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with externalizing and 85 lead SNPs associated with internalizing, while the second-order GWAS identified 256 lead SNPs contributing to broad psychopathology risk. In bivariate causal mixture models, nearly all externalizing and internalizing causal variants overlapped, despite a genetic correlation of only 0.37 (SE = 0.02) between them. Externalizing genes showed cell-type specific expression in GABAergic, cortical, and hippocampal neurons, and internalizing genes were associated with reduced subcallosal cortical volume, providing insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of psychopathology. Genetic liability for externalizing, internalizing, and broad psychopathology exerted causal effects on pain, general health, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic illnesses. These findings underscore the complex genetic architecture of psychopathology, identify potential biological pathways for the externalizing and internalizing spectra, and highlight the physical health burden of psychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousef Khan
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | | | - Zeal Jinwala
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - D Boomsma
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Picci G, Petro NM, Son JJ, Agcaoglu O, Eastman JA, Wang YP, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Taylor BK, Wilson TW. Transdiagnostic indicators predict developmental changes in cognitive control resting-state networks. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37615120 PMCID: PMC11140239 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, transdiagnostic indicators in relation to neurobiological processes have provided extensive insight into youth's risk for psychopathology. During development, exposure to childhood trauma and dysregulation (i.e., so-called AAA symptomology: anxiety, aggression, and attention problems) puts individuals at a disproportionate risk for developing psychopathology and altered network-level neural functioning. Evidence for the latter has emerged from resting-state fMRI studies linking mental health symptoms and aberrations in functional networks (e.g., cognitive control (CCN), default mode networks (DMN)) in youth, although few of these investigations have used longitudinal designs. Herein, we leveraged a three-year longitudinal study to identify whether traumatic exposures and concomitant dysregulation trigger changes in the developmental trajectories of resting-state functional networks involved in cognitive control (N = 190; 91 females; time 1 Mage = 11.81). Findings from latent growth curve analyses revealed that greater trauma exposure predicted increasing connectivity between the CCN and DMN across time. Greater levels of dysregulation predicted reductions in within-network connectivity in the CCN. These findings presented in typically developing youth corroborate connectivity patterns reported in clinical populations, suggesting there is predictive utility in using transdiagnostic indicators to forecast alterations in resting-state networks implicated in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nathan M Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Jake J Son
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Oktay Agcaoglu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob A Eastman
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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