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Yuan F, Yong J, Liu X, Wang Y. Selinexor assists vorinostat in inhibiting HDAC activity via promoting the accumulation of maspin in the nucleus of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:1-16. [PMID: 36713062 PMCID: PMC9880106 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common oral cancer with a low overall survival rate, necessitating effective treatments. This study reports the anti-OTSCC effect of vorinostat and selinexor. OTSCC cell lines SCC-4 and SCC-25 were cultured to determine the effects of vorinostat and/or selinexor on cell survival, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. The transplanted tumor model of SCC-25 in nude mice was established to observe the therapeutic effects of vorinostat and/or selinexor. Western blotting was used to determine protein expressions in tumor cells. The results showed that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and exportin 1 (XPO1) were highly expressed, while nuclear maspin was expressed at a low rate in SCC-4 and SCC-25 compared to the normal tongue tissue. In vitro, both vorinostat and selinexor effectively inhibited cell viability, invasion, and migration, promoted cell apoptosis, down-regulated HDAC1, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and up-regulated nuclear maspin and cleaved caspase 3. In vivo, both vorinostat and selinexor inhibited the growth of SCC-25-bearing tumors, down-regulated the expression of Ki67, HDAC1, MMP2, and Bcl-2, and promoted the expression of nuclear maspin and cleaved caspase 3. The combination of these two drugs exhibited synergistic effects both in vivo and in vitro. Our evidence shows that vorinostat combined with selinexor is an effective treatment for OTSCC. The mechanism may be that selinexor promotes the accumulation of maspin in the nucleus, an endogenous HDAC1 inhibitory protein to inhibit the HDAC1 activity of vorinostat and exert a synergistic anti-OTSCC effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenqian Yuan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
| | - Jingkang Yong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
| | - Xueming Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang, 330029 Jiangxi China
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Derakhshan S, Poosti A, Razavi AE, Moosavi MA, Mahdavi N, Naieni FB, Hesari KK, Rahpeima A. Evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (tumor cells and peritumoral T-lymphocytes) and verrucous carcinoma and comparison with normal oral mucosa. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210374. [PMID: 34878006 PMCID: PMC8653806 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is used as a prognostic marker for recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma in various sites, including head and neck. Studies suggest that its high serum levels are correlated to some clinical features, such as nodal metastasis. However, it is still unknown if high SCCA in patients with SCCA tissue expression in tumor cells are related to peripheral T-lymphocytes. Therefore, we did this study to evaluate SCCA expression in squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma and to compare it with normal oral mucosa, also investigating the correlation between serum-based and tissue-based antigen levels. Methodology: In this study, the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was used to determine the SCCA1 expression pattern in 81 specimens divided into 3 groups, including oral squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, and normal oral mucosa. Serum-based and tissue-based antigen levels of 20 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases were compared by the western blot assay. SCCA expression was also evaluated and compared in both tumor cells and peripheral T-lymphocytes by the immunofluorescence assay. Results: Our results showed that the SCCA levels in SCC specimens were significantly lower than in verrucous carcinoma and normal and hyperplastic oral mucosa specimens. We found no correlation between the IHC expression of SCCA and serum levels. SCCA was well expressed in both tumor cells and peripheral T-lymphocytes. Conclusion: Decreasing SCCA in SCC specimens suggested that SCC tumor cells may affect more than the serum levels of SCCA in some patients. In addition, expression of SCCA in peripheral T-lymphocytes showed that both tumor cells and T-lymphocytes may cause serum SCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Derakhshan
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Poosti
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Cancer Institute of Iran, Iran National Tumor Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mahdavi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Baghaei Naieni
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Kamyab Hesari
- Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dermatopathology Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirsina Rahpeima
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran
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Tsai HT, Hsieh MJ, Lin CW, Su SC, Miao NF, Yang SF, Huang HC, Lai FC, Liu YF. Combinations of SERPINB5 gene polymorphisms and environmental factors are associated with oral cancer risks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0163369. [PMID: 28339463 PMCID: PMC5365097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We identified rs17071138 T/C, rs3744941 C/T, and rs8089104 T/C gene polymorphisms of SERPINB5 (mammary serine protease inhibitor) that are specific to patients with oral cancer susceptibility and their clinicopathological status. Methodology/Principal findings In total, 1342 participants, including 601 healthy controls and 741 patients with oral cancer, were recruited for this study. Allelic discrimination of rs17071138 T/C, rs3744941 C/T, and rs8089104 T/C of the SERPINB5 gene was assessed by a real-time PCR with a TaqMan assay. We found that individuals carrying the polymorphic rs17071138 and rs8089104 are more susceptible to oral cancer (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.07~2.31 and OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.04~2.39, respectively). Among oral cancer-related risk factor exposures, the individuals carrying the polymorphic rs17071138 had 4.26- (95% CI: 1.65~11.01; p = 0.002), 2.34- (95% CI: 1.19~4.61; p = 0.01), and 2.34-fold (95% CI: 1.38~3.96; p = 0.001) higher risks of developing oral cancer. Conclusions Heterozygous TC of the SERPINB5 rs17071138 polymorphism may be a factor that increases susceptibility to oral cancer. Interactions of gene-to-gene and gene-to-oral cancer-related environmental risk factors have a synergetic effect that can further enhance oral cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ting Tsai
- Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Nae-Fang Miao
- Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Huang
- Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chih Lai
- Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine Sciences and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Impact of Maspin Polymorphism rs2289520 G/C and Its Interaction with Gene to Gene, Alcohol Consumption Increase Susceptibility to Oral Cancer Occurrence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160841. [PMID: 27525723 PMCID: PMC4985127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify gene polymorphisms of mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) specific to patients with oral cancer susceptibility and clinicopathological status. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Maspin gene from 741 patients with oral cancer and 601 non-cancer controls were analyzed by real-time PCR. The participants with G/G homozygotes or with G/C heterozygotes of Maspin rs2289520 polymorphism had a 2.07-fold (p = 0.01) and a 2.01-fold (p = 0.02) risk of developing oral cancer compared to those with C/C homozygotes. Moreover, gene-gene interaction increased the risk of oral cancer susceptibility among subjects expose to oral cancer related risk factors, including areca, alcohol, and tobacco consumption. CONCLUSION G allele of Maspin rs2289520 polymorphism may be a factor that increases the susceptibility to oral cancer. The interactions of gene to oral cancer-related environmental risk factors have a synergetic effect that can further enhance oral cancer development.
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Lionello M, Blandamura S, Staffieri C, Tealdo G, Giacomelli L, Marchese Ragona R, de Filippis C, Staffieri A, Marioni G. Postoperative radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma: the prognostic role of subcellular Maspin expression. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:184-9. [PMID: 25459315 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reported outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have varied and sometimes been disappointing. The aim of the present preliminary study was to investigate whether a given immunohistochemical pattern of Maspin expression in laryngeal carcinoma cells could be prognostically associated with response to PORT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two consecutive patients treated for LSCC with primary surgery and PORT. The subcellular (nuclear vs non-nuclear) pattern of Maspin expression was assessed immunohistochemically on LSCC surgical specimens and analyzed in relation to recurrence rate (RR) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS A non-nuclear Maspin expression was found in 23 of 32 cases (72%), and all recurrences (17 cases) occurred in this subgroup of patients. A non-nuclear Maspin expression was strongly associated with recurrence [p = 0.0002, hazard ratio (HR) 5.58] and a shorter DFS (p = 0.0004) after PORT for LSCC. Even in N0 patients, a non-nuclear Maspin expression was associated with a significantly higher RR (p = 0.04, HR 1.42) and a shorter DFS (p = 0.02). Among the common clinic-pathological parameters considered, only N stage showed a trend toward an association with prognosis in terms of DFS (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION Assessing subcellular patterns of Maspin expression in LSCC specimens could identify patients less likely to respond to PORT, who might benefit from combined chemo-radiotherapy to improve the efficacy of adjuvant protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lionello
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Staffieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, Treviso Branch, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giulia Tealdo
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Cosimo de Filippis
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Staffieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gino Marioni
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Maspin expression and melanoma progression: a matter of sub-cellular localization. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:412-9. [PMID: 24030740 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maspin, a member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors, is involved in key processes of cancer progression. Its biological activity seems to be cancer and compartment specific, with the protein acting either as a suppressor or as a tumor promoter in different cancer types. Characterization of maspin expression and its sub-cellular localization in melanoma is missing, hence, we aim to investigate its possible association with melanoma prognostic factors and disease progression. Nuclear and cytoplasmic maspin expression were evaluated on 60 nevi, 152 primary lesions, and 106 melanoma metastases using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. The association between maspin immunoreactivity and patient's clinic-pathological features was evaluated. Multivariate logistic models and survival analyses were performed for maspin expression in primary melanomas. Nuclear maspin was detected in 8% nevi, 49% primary melanomas, and 28% metastases, whereas cytoplasmic maspin in 12% nevi, 18% primary lesions, and 9% metastases. In univariate analysis, nuclear maspin expression in primary melanomas was significantly associated with melanoma prognostic factors (nodular histotype, tumor thickness, mitotic rate, and ulceration) and disease stage, whereas cytoplasmic maspin was observed at higher frequency in thin superficial spreading melanomas, without mitosis. In multivariate analysis, nuclear maspin remained significantly associated with risk of developing a tumor prone to disease progression and, accordingly, with significantly shorter disease-free and overall survival. In this study, maspin was expressed at highest frequency in primary lesions and when expressed in the nuclei, was significantly associated with poor prognostic markers, melanoma recurrence, and worse survival. The present study suggests a tumor-suppressive effect of cytoplasmic maspin and a tumor-promoting effect of nuclear maspin, which open the discussion on its potential use in cancer therapy.
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Bodenstine TM, Seftor REB, Khalkhali-Ellis Z, Seftor EA, Pemberton PA, Hendrix MJC. Maspin: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:529-51. [PMID: 22752408 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, a non-inhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily, has been characterized as a tumor suppressor gene in multiple cancer types. Among the established anti-tumor effects of Maspin are the inhibition of cancer cell invasion, attachment to extracellular matrices, increased sensitivity to apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. However, while significant experimental data support the role of Maspin as a tumor suppressor, clinical data regarding the prognostic implications of Maspin expression have led to conflicting results. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the context dependencies of Maspin in normal biology and how these are perturbed in the context of cancer. In this review, we outline the regulation and roles of Maspin in normal and developmental biology while discussing novel evidence and emerging theories related to its functions in cancer. We provide insight into the immense therapeutic potential of Maspin and the challenges related to its successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Bodenstine
- Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 222, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Marioni G, Zanoletti E, Stritoni P, Lionello M, Giacomelli L, Gianatti A, Cattaneo L, Blandamura S, Mazzoni A, Martini A. Expression of the tumour-suppressor maspin in temporal bone carcinoma. Histopathology 2013; 63:242-9. [PMID: 23730906 DOI: 10.1111/his.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although it accounts for fewer than 0.2% of all head and neck tumours, temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis in advanced cases. Novel therapeutic strategies should be developed focusing on specific targeted therapies. Maspin is a serpin showing tumour-suppressing activity which has therapeutic potential. The present study is the first to investigate maspin expression in temporal bone SCCs, using a series of 29 cases. METHODS AND RESULTS Cytoplasmic maspin expression was significantly higher in the group of patients whose SCC did not recur than in the group experiencing recurrences (P = 0.029), and in G1-G2 SCCs than in G3 cases (P = 0.001). cT correlated with recurrence rate (P = 0.05), disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.008) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (P = 0.0043), and pT and pathological regional lymph node status correlated with recurrence rate (P = 0.008 and P = 0.03, respectively), DFS (P = 0.017 and P = 0.0049, respectively) and DSS (P = 0.008 and P = 0.0009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although further studies using larger series are required, our preliminary findings suggest that cytoplasmic maspin expression has promise as a prognostic indicator of disease recurrence in temporal bone SCC, and that reactivating maspin functions in association with apoptosis-inducing or anti-angiogenic chemotherapeutic agents might be an important goal in the treatment of temporal bone SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Marioni
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
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Abstract
Maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor), is a member of the serine protease inhibitor/non-inhibitor superfamily. Its expression is down-regulated in breast, prostate, gastric and melanoma cancers but over-expressed in pancreatic, gallbladder, colorectal, and thyroid cancers suggesting that maspin may play different activities in different cell types. However, maspin expression seems to be correlated with better prognosis in prostate, bladder, lung, gastric, colorectal, head and neck, thyroid and melanoma cancer. In breast and ovarian cancer maspin significance is associated with its subcellular localization: nucleus maspin expression correlates with a good prognosis, whilst in pancreatic cancer it predicts a poor prognosis. Since tumor metastasis requires the detachment and invasion of tumor cells through the basement membrane and stroma, a selectively increased adhesion by the presence of maspin may contribute to the inhibition of tumor metastasis. Furthermore the different position of maspin inside the cell or its epigenetic modifications may explain the different behavior of the expression of maspin between tumors. The expression of maspin might be useful as a prognostic and possibly predictive factor for patients with particular types of cancer and data can guide physicians in selecting therapy. Its expression in circulating tumor cells especially in breast cancer, could be also useful in clinical practice along with other factors, such as age, comorbidities, blood examinations in order to select the best therapy to be carried out. Focusing on the malignancies in which maspin showed a positive prognostic value, therapeutic approaches studied so far aimed to re-activate a dormant tumor suppressor gene by designed transcription factors, to hit the system that inhibits the expression of maspin, to identify natural substances that can determine the activation and the expression of maspin or possible “molecules binds” to introduce maspin in cancer cell and gene therapy capable of up-regulating the maspin in an attempt to reduce primarily the risk of metastasis. Further studies in these directions are necessary to better define the therapeutic implication of maspin.
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Bascones-Martínez A, López-Durán M, Cano-Sánchez J, Sánchez-Verde L, Díez-Rodríguez A, Aguirre-Echebarría P, Alvarez-Fernández E, González-Moles MA, Bascones-Ilundain J, Muzio LL, Campo-Trapero J. Differences in the expression of five senescence markers in oral cancer, oral leukoplakia and control samples in humans. Oncol Lett 2012; 3:1319-1325. [PMID: 22783442 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) may be a response to oncogenic activation, acting as a natural barrier against carcinogenesis at a premalignant stage. Thus, numerous cells in premalignant lesions enter senescence, but none or few in malignant tumours. This event could be due to the loss of senescence pathway effectors, including p16 (INK4a)-pRb or ARF-p53. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the expression of certain senescent markers between oral precancer and cancer tissue samples. The expression of cyclin D1, Rb, maspin, p53 and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) was analyzed in 20 paraffin-embedded tissue samples of normal oral mucosa (NOM), 14 samples of oral leukoplakia without dysplasia (OLD-), 11 samples of leukoplakia with dysplasia (OLD+) and 15 samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by immunohistochemistry in tissue arrays. The expression of p16-pRb pathway markers, cyclin D1, maspin and Rb, was more frequent in OLD+ samples than in OSCC samples, although a statistical significance was only observed for maspin (P=0.036). Cyclin D1 expression was also significantly more frequent in OLD- samples vs. NOM samples. For the ARF-p53 pathway, the expression of p53 and MDM2 was significantly more frequent in the OLD- samples compared to in the NOM ones. These findings may indicate a role for cellular senescence in oral carcinogenesis, considering maspin as a reliable senescence marker and prognostic factor in oral premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bascones-Martínez
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Dental School, Complutense University of Madrid
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Ramot Y, Vered M, Malarkey DE, Hooth MJ, Painter JT, Dayan D, Clayton N, Masinde T, Nyska A. Immunohistochemical features of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene-induced rat gingival lesions. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:577-92. [PMID: 22317924 DOI: 10.1177/0192623311436185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gingival lesions of squamous hyperplasia, cystic keratinizing hyperplasia (CKH), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can be induced in rats treated by chronic gavage with 10-100 mg/kg 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene. We evaluated gingival squamous hyperplasia (GSH), CKH, and SCC for the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of carcinogenesis-associated markers. The 3 types of lesions and controls were stained with proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA] and cyclin-D1), tumor-suppressor markers (β-catenin and mammary serine protease inhibitor [maspin]) and stroma-related markers (α-smooth muscle actin [SMA] and osteonectin/SPARC). The lesions had common immunohistochemical characteristics that differed in their expression patterns among the various diagnoses. PCNA and cyclin-D1 expression was higher in GSH, CKH, and SCC than in controls. The normal membranous expression of β-catenin was lower in GSH, and almost absent in CKH and SCC. Maspin expression was similar in GSH and controls, whereas both CKH and SCC showed decreased expression. SMA and/or osteonectin/SPARC were seen in stromal cells in CKH and SCC. Collectively, there appears to be a progression from hyperplastic and cystic lesions toward malignancy based on the morphological changes, supported by the expression of carcinogenesis-associated proteins. The exact sequence of events leading to SCC remains to be defined in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Zong J, Guo C, Liu S, Sun MZ, Tang J. Proteomic research progress in lymphatic metastases of cancers. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 14:21-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ghazy SE, Helmy IM, Baghdadi HM. Maspin and MCM2 immunoprofiling in salivary gland carcinomas. Diagn Pathol 2011; 6:89. [PMID: 21943228 PMCID: PMC3191357 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-6-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of salivary gland carcinomas is very complex and prognostic markers are difficult to find in these carcinomas of which the different subtypes have varying malignant potential. The study was conducted to examine the cellular distribution of maspin and MCM2 in salivary gland carcinomas and their value to predict lymph node metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty three paraffin blocks of different lesions (15 muco-epidermoid carcinoma, 14 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 3 epi-myoepithelial carcinoma, 5 salivary duct carcinoma, 5 malignant pleomorphic adenoma, 6 polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma and 5 acinic cell carcinoma) were prepared for immunohistochemical staining with maspin and MCM2 antibodies. ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for the statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS All salivary gland carcinomas express maspin and MCM2 with variable cellular localization. There was a significant difference in the expression of each antibody between mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma. No association was found between examined markers and lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Salivary gland carcinomas express maspin and MCM2 with variable levels and cellular localization, consisting important markers of biological behavior in these tumors. The level of MCM2 expression can be used in the differential diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma. Further study with large sample size is recommended to assess their value in prediction of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa E Ghazy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bello IO, Vered M, Dayan D, Dobriyan A, Yahalom R, Alanen K, Nieminen P, Kantola S, Läärä E, Salo T. Cancer-associated fibroblasts, a parameter of the tumor microenvironment, overcomes carcinoma-associated parameters in the prognosis of patients with mobile tongue cancer. Oral Oncol 2010; 47:33-8. [PMID: 21112238 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is known for its strong propensity for regional metastasis and poor patient survival despite aggressive treatment, thus calling for new and reliable markers for predicting prognosis and guiding therapeutic management. Towards this end, three classes of markers were investigated: cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs; α-SMA positivity) as a representative of the tumor microenvironment, maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor) as a tumor marker likely to be modulated by factors within the tumor microenvironment, and DNA content and Ki-67 labeling index as inbuilt tumor markers in 128 cases of MTSCC using immunohistochemistry and image cytometry. Of these markers, only CAF density was independently and relatively strongly associated with elevated mortality from MTSCC. The hazard ratio in the CAF-rich type of tumor microenvironment was 4.85 (95% CI 1.41-16.6, versus the CAF-poor) when adjusted by proportional hazards modeling for the center where the patient was managed, gender, tumor stage, presence of neck metastasis and age at diagnosis. CAF density was unrelated to non-MTSSC mortality. Given the strong association between increased CAF density and higher mortality in MTSCC, routine assessment of CAF density for disease course prognosis and inclusion as an integral part of treatment protocols are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim O Bello
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
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Bello IO, Soini Y, Salo T. Prognostic evaluation of oral tongue cancer: Means, markers and perspectives (II). Oral Oncol 2010; 46:636-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Marioni G, Staffieri A, Blandamura S. Maspin expression in head and neck carcinoma: subcellular localization matters. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:279-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prasad CP, Rath G, Mathur S, Bhatnagar D, Ralhan R. Expression analysis of maspin in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast and modulation of its expression by curcumin in breast cancer cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 183:455-61. [PMID: 19944674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In breast cancer, maspin, a serine protease inhibitor, can suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and tumor cell motility and invasion in vitro. The clinical significance of maspin expression in breast cancer, especially in the sequence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)-invasive cancer-lymph node metastasis is well known in the Western countries, but its status in the rapidly increasing breast cancers in India remains unknown. The present study was designed to determine the clinical significance of maspin expression in invasive ductal carcinomas of breast (IDCs) in North Indian population and modulation of its expression by curcumin. Immunohistochemical analysis of maspin showed loss or reduced cytoplasmic expression in 36 of 59 (61%) tumors. Furthermore, breast cancer cells (MCF-7 (wild type p53) and MDA-MB-231 (mutant p53)) were treated with curcumin and the effect on expression of maspin gene at transcription and translation levels was analyzed by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Maspin expression was also correlated with p53 and Bcl-2 levels. Curcumin inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis and upregulated maspin gene expression in MCF-7 cells and these findings were further correlated with the upregulation of p53 protein and downregulation of Bcl-2, suggesting maspin mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. To our knowledge this is the first report showing the upregulation of maspin expression by curcumin in breast cancer cells and taken together with the clinical data suggests a potential therapeutic role for curcumin in inducing maspin mediated inhibition of invasion of breast carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra P Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
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The severity of epithelial dysplasia is associated with loss of maspin expression in actinic cheilitis. J Cutan Pathol 2009; 36:1151-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yoshizawa K, Nozaki S, Okamune A, Kitahara H, Ohara T, Kato K, Kawashiri S, Yamamoto E. Loss of maspin is a negative prognostic factor for invasion and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:535-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Marioni G, Koussis H, Gaio E, Giacomelli L, Bertolin A, D'Alessandro E, Scola A, Ottaviano G, de Filippis C, Jirillo A, Staffieri A, Blandamura S. MASPIN's prognostic role in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma treated with primary chemotherapy (carboplatin plus vinorelbine) and radiotherapy: preliminary evidence. Acta Otolaryngol 2009; 129:786-92. [PMID: 18819022 DOI: 10.1080/00016480802412789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Our very preliminary results support the hypothesis that MASPIN expression in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may be a valuable parameter for predicting patients' responses to a treatment based on carboplatin plus vinorelbine combined with radiotherapy. OBJECTIVES The roles of induction chemotherapy and combined chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced unresectable HNSCCs have evolved rapidly. MASPIN has a unique tumour-suppressing activity. Experimental evidence has shown that MASPIN suppresses tumour growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. We investigated the potential prognostic roles of MASPIN and p53 in a series of HNSCCs treated with carboplatin plus vinorelbine combined with radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nineteen consecutive stage III or IV HNSCC patients were recruited. The treatment plan consisted of the administration of carboplatin on day 1 and vinorelbine on days 1 and 8. Four weeks later, carboplatin was administered concomitantly with radiation therapy. Expression of MASPIN and p53 was determined immunohistochemically in HNSCC diagnostic biopsies. RESULTS A significant inverse relation was found between MASPIN expression and cN staging (p = 0.003). From a prognostic viewpoint, MASPIN expression was directly correlated with chemoradiotherapy response (p = 0.041). Moreover, the log-rank test showed a significant relationship between higher MASPIN expression and longer disease-free survival (p = 0.03), overall survival (p = 0.006) and disease-specific survival (p = 0.007).
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Marioni G, Staffieri C, Staffieri A, De Filippis C, Blandamura S. MASPIN tumour-suppressing activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: emerging evidence and therapeutic perspectives. Acta Otolaryngol 2009; 129:476-80. [PMID: 18615330 DOI: 10.1080/00016480802256079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS A large series confirmation may suggest elective neck dissection in cN0 MASPIN-negative oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Re-activated nuclear MASPIN in association with anti-angiogenic or cytotoxic drugs may be extremely effective in the treatment of laryngeal SCC. OBJECTIVES MASPIN is a serpin showing a unique tumour-suppressing activity. Despite the significant incidence of head and neck SCC (HNSCC), a limited number of studies has considered MASPIN's role in these malignancies. This review focuses on the attempts to translate MASPIN's HNSCC suppressive properties toward a diagnostic/prognostic tool and a novel carcinoma therapy. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed to investigate available evidence about MASPIN subcellular localization and biological role in HNSCC. RESULTS Five studies have investigated MASPIN's expression in oral SCC. Most of them concluded that low or absent MASPIN cytoplasmic expression was more frequent in oral carcinomas with lymph node metastases. Only our group evaluated MASPIN's role in laryngeal SCC. Higher nuclear MASPIN expression was found in patients without SCC recurrence and was significantly associated with longer disease-free survival. Micro-vascular density was lower in laryngeal carcinomas with MASPIN nuclear staining. The relation between MASPIN and M30-assessed apoptosis in laryngeal SCC supports the hypothesis of an important apoptosis-sensitizing effect of nuclear MASPIN.
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The role of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase expression in resistance to 5-fluorouracil in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Vered M, Allon I, Dayan D. Maspin, p53, p63, and Ki-67 in epithelial lesions of the tongue: from hyperplasia through dysplasia to carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 38:314-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Schwarz S, Ettl T, Kleinsasser N, Hartmann A, Reichert TE, Driemel O. Loss of Maspin expression is a negative prognostic factor in common salivary gland tumors. Oral Oncol 2008; 44:563-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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MASPIN subcellular localization and expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 265 Suppl 1:S97-104. [PMID: 18236066 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-008-0583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MASPIN, a member of serpin superfamily, has multifaceted biological functions and an unique tumour suppressing activity. Experimental evidences showed that MASPIN suppresses tumour growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Only a very limited number of studies considered MASPIN expression in the upper aero-digestive tract carcinomas. It was recently found that nuclear localization of MASPIN was significantly associated with lower recurrence rate and longer disease-free interval in laryngeal carcinoma. The present study investigated the biological and prognostic role of MASPIN in relation to its subcellular localization in oral carcinoma. Sub-cellular pattern of distribution of MASPIN, nuclear and cytoplasmic MASPIN expressions were immunohistochemically determined in 56 consecutive cases of oral carcinoma. Statistical analysis found a significant association between pN-stage and recurrence of disease (P=0.032) and a significantly longer disease-free interval in pN0 patients than in pN+ ones (P=0.038). None of the subcellular expressions of MASPIN was significantly correlated with recurrence of disease and disease-free interval in our series of oral carcinomas. Sixty-one percent of pN0 cases was strongly MASPIN-positive in the cytoplasm of primary carcinoma cells, 33% of the pN+ cases was MASPIN-positive in the cytoplasm. Statistical analysis found a significant association between MASPIN cytoplasmic expression and pN-stage (P=0.032). Negative MASPIN immunoreactivity in carcinoma cells cytoplasm may be useful to identify patients at risk of disease disseminating to neck lymph nodes. Further investigations are necessary to understand the biological role of cytoplasmic MASPIN localization in oral carcinoma.
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Iezzi G, Piattelli A, Rubini C, Goteri G, Artese L, Perrotti V, Carinci F. Maspin Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Craniofac Surg 2007; 18:1039-43. [PMID: 17912078 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e31814b2a36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor) is a member of the serpin superfamily of protease inhibitors and it has a role as a tumor suppressor. Maspin has been reported to be important in processes relevant to tumor growth and metastasis such as cell invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. A high expression of maspin was correlated with better rates of survival and absence of nodal metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In contrast, some studies have shown that maspin overexpression is correlated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic and ovarian cancers and in lung adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was an immunohistochemical evaluation of the maspin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and thus 89 patients were evaluated. Maspin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma was significantly associated with the tumor differentiation grade (chi test: P = 0.0318) and the lymph node status (chi test: P < 0.005), but not with the tumor stage (chi test: P = 0.666). Metastatic involvement of lymph nodes was observed more frequently in maspin-negative cases than in tumors with more than 5% of positive cells (P = 0.0024). The present results confirm that maspin expression predicts a better prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma and that maspin probably plays a role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Iezzi
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Cao D, Zhang Q, Wu LSF, Salaria SN, Winter JW, Hruban RH, Goggins MS, Abbruzzese JL, Maitra A, Ho L. Prognostic significance of maspin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: tissue microarray analysis of 223 surgically resected cases. Mod Pathol 2007; 20:570-8. [PMID: 17396143 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maspin (SERPINB5), a serine proteinase inhibitor, was first identified as a potential tumor suppressor on the basis of its differential expression between normal mammary epithelial cells and human breast carcinoma cell lines. Recent studies have shown that maspin might be a prognostic tumor marker. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma acquires maspin expression through hypomethylation of the maspin promoter. However, no study has investigated the prognostic significance of maspin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. In this study, we investigated maspin protein expression in a large series of 223 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemical staining and high throughput tissue microarrays. Maspin expression was correlated with postoperative survival and other clinicopathologic factors. Maspin was detected in 209 of these 223 (94% cases) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas including 39 (18% cases) focal (5-50% tumor cells) and 170 (76% cases) diffuse (>50% tumor cells). Fourteen (or 6% cases) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas did not show maspin expression by immunohistochemical staining (<5% tumor cells). Normal ductal epithelium is not labeled with maspin. Overexpression of maspin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with worse postoperative survival especially in patients whose tumors exhibit diffuse expression of maspin. After adjusting other clinicopathologic factors, maspin expression remains to be an independent adverse prognosticator for postoperative survival. Maspin expression is not associated with patient age, gender, tumor size, tumor pathologic stage, lymph node status, and vascular invasion or perineural invasion. Nuclear labeling of maspin is associated with better tumor differentiation although this staining pattern is not associated with a better prognosis. In addition, maspin overexpression is also observed in 48% low-grade (grades 1a and 1b) pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) and 78% high-grade (grades 2 and 3) PanINs, suggesting that maspin upregulation occurs early during the multi-step progression model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Cho JH, Kim HS, Park CS, Kim JK, Jung KY, Shin BK, Kim HK. Maspin expression in early oral tongue cancer and its relation to expression of mutant-type p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Oral Oncol 2007; 43:272-7. [PMID: 17174141 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Even though oral tongue cancer is generally diagnosed at an early stage, the prognosis is poor due to frequent recurrence. Therefore, it is important to identify factors predictive of recurrence and to treat aggressively those patients with a high probability of recurrence. The relationship between angiogenesis and recurrence in tongue cancer has been widely investigated but no consensus has been reached. Mutant-type p53 and VEGF are known to be related to angiogenesis, and maspin is a potent angiogenic inhibitor but its role in tongue cancer has scarcely been examined. We observed the expression of maspin, mutant-type p53 and VEGF by immunohistochemistry in 33 patients with stages I and II oral tongue cancer. And the relationships between maspin, mutant-type p53, VEGF expression and recurrence were analyzed. Maspin and VEGF displayed a cytoplasmic staining pattern and mutant-type p53 a nuclear pattern. None of expression of maspin, mutant-type p53, and VEGF was significantly correlated with tumor recurrence (p=0.34, 0.56, and 0.33, respectively) and survival. Maspin expression was negatively correlated with both mutant-type p53 expression (p=0.02), and VEGF expression (p=0.01). There was no correlation between age, sex, clinical staging, and recurrence. In conclusion, the expression of maspin is not related to recurrence of early stage oral tongue cancer. It is inversely correlated with that of mutant-type p53 and of VEGF, suggesting that the maspin gene is a mutant-type p53 target in vivo and may contribute to regulate VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hatakeyama H, Kondo T, Fujii K, Nakanishi Y, Kato H, Fukuda S, Hirohashi S. Protein clusters associated with carcinogenesis, histological differentiation and nodal metastasis in esophageal cancer. Proteomics 2006; 6:6300-16. [PMID: 17133371 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the proteomic background of esophageal cancer. We used laser microdissection to obtain tumor tissues from 72 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases and adjacent normal tissues in 57 of these cases. The 2D-DIGE generated quantitative expression profiles with 1730 protein spots. Based on the intensity of the protein spots, unsupervised classification distinguished the tumor tissues from their normal counterparts, and subdivided the tumor tissues according to their histological differentiation. We identified 498 protein spots with altered intensity in the tumor tissues, which protein identification by LC-MS/MS showed to correspond to 217 gene products. We also found 41 protein spots that were associated with nodal metastasis, and identified 33 proteins corresponding to the spots, including cancer-associated proteins such as alpha-actinin 4, hnRNP K, periplakin, squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 and NudC. The identified cancer-associated proteins have been previously reported to be individually involved in a range of cancer types, and our study observed them collectively in a single type of malignancy, esophageal cancer. As the identified proteins are involved in important biological processes such as cytoskeletal/structural organization, transportation, chaperon, oxidoreduction, transcription and signal transduction, they may function in a coordinate manner in carcinogenesis and tumor progression of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Hatakeyama
- Proteome Bioinformatics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Cui XN, Tang JW, Hou L, Song B, Ban LY. Identification of differentially expressed genes in mouse hepatocarcinoma ascites cell line with low potential of lymphogenous metastasis. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:6893-7. [PMID: 17106944 PMCID: PMC4087450 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i42.6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify genes differentially expressed in mouse hepatocarcinoma ascites cell line with low potential of lymphogenous metastasis.
METHODS: A subtracted cDNA library of mouse hepatocarcinoma cell line with low potential of lympho-genous metastasis Hca-P and its synogenetic cell line Hca-F with high metastatic potential was constructed by suppression subtracted hybridization (SSH) method. The screened clones of the subtracted library were sequenced and GenBank homology search was performed.
RESULTS: Fifteen differentially expressed cDNA fragments of Hca-P were obtained which revealed 8 known genes, 4 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and 3 cDNAs showed no homology.
CONCLUSION: Tumor metastasis is an incident involving multiple genes. SSH is a useful technique to detect differentially expressed genes and an effective method to clone novel genes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ascites/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Hybridization, Genetic
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Suppression, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Cui
- Department of Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
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The associated expression of Maspin and Bax proteins as a potential prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:255. [PMID: 17067385 PMCID: PMC1635990 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maspin, a member of the serpin family, is a suppressor of tumor growth, an inhibitor of angiogenesis and an inducer of apoptosis. Maspin induces apoptosis by increasing Bax, a member of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis-regulating proteins. In this exploratory study, we investigated the associated expression of Maspin and Bax proteins as a potential prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCCA). Methods Twenty-two paraffin-embedded samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods using Maspin, Bax and CD34 antibodies. Maspin was scored semiquantitatively (HSCORE). Apoptosis was assessed using an antibody against cleaved caspase-3. Results The strong relationship observed between the expression of Maspin and Bax, indicates that Bax is likely to be the key effector of Maspin-mediated induction of apoptosis as indicated by the activation of cleaved caspase-3. We categorized Maspin HSCORE by calculating the optimal cutpoint. A Maspin HSCORE above the cutpoint was inversely related with tumor dimension, depth of tumor and vascular invasion. Uni/multivariate analysis suggests that a Maspin HSCORE below the cutpoint significantly worsens the patients' prognosis. Tumors with Maspin HSCORE below the cutpoint had a shorter survival (11+/-5 months) than did patients with Maspin HSCORE above the cutpoint (27+/-4 months), whereas Kaplan-Meier analysis and logrank test showed no significant difference in overall survival between the patients. Conclusion The associated expression of Maspin and Bax might delay tumor progression in IHCCA. Maspin above the cutpoint might counteract tumor development by increasing cell apoptosis, and by decreasing tumor mass and cell invasion. The combined expression of Maspin and Bax appears to influence the susceptibility of tumor cholangiocytes to apoptosis and thus may be involved in delaying IHCCA progression.
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Abstract
For most cancer cell types, the acquisition of metastatic activity leads to clinically incurable disease. Improvements in surgery and radiotherapy, and the development of new chemotherapeutic agents or their use in new combinations, have, so far, only incrementally improved patient survival. Despite the obvious importance of metastasis, the process remains incompletely characterized at the molecular and biochemical levels. Tumor metastasis is a complex process and requires multiple cellular functions over time. From cellular invasion, extravasation from the primary tumor, intravasation to the secondary organs, to successful colonization, tumor cells utilize many cellular or biochemical mechanisms to complete the metastatic spread. During the process of metastasis, there are consistent changes in gene expression. Studies of genes that are reduced or silenced have yielded surprising insights into in vivo mechanisms of regulating tumor metastasis. This review describes a tumor suppressor gene, Maspin, which is often silenced in cancer cells and exhibits suppressing activity against tumor growth and metastasis. Maspin has been shown to be involved in processes that are important to both tumor growth and metastasis such as cell invasion, angiogenesis, and more recently apoptosis. Hence, many efforts have been devoted to deciphering the molecular mechanism of maspin. While some insights have come from the protease inhibitory effect of maspin, more perceptive results on how maspin may function in suppressing tumor metastasis have come from studies of gene manipulation, protein interactions and global protein profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily I Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Dulguerov P, Beck A, Bonet M, Allal AS. Value of ezrin, maspin and nm23-H1 protein expressions in predicting outcome of patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma treated with radical radiotherapy. J Clin Pathol 2006; 60:185-9. [PMID: 16698950 PMCID: PMC1860631 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.036624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic factors in predicting outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are limited to the clinical-pathological parameters, including lymph node metastasis, location, grade and stage of the disease. AIM To determine whether the expression of these proteins has a value in predicting patient outcome. METHODS Ezrin, maspin and nm23-H1 immunohistochemistry in tissue samples of 120 patients with HNSCC were evaluated using the microarray technique. RESULTS In determining the association among each of the three proteins and the clinical-pathological parameters, low maspin expression was the only one found to be significantly associated with high tumour grade (p = 0.007); all others showed no significant associations. In univariate analysis, patients with tumours expressing high ezrin had a shorter disease-free survival (DFS) of 51% than those with low ezrin expression (DFS 84%; p = 0.08). In multivariate analysis, tumours with the combination of loss of maspin and low histological grade had longer DFS (83%) compared with those with high maspin and high histological grade (DFS 42%; p = 0.08). CONCLUSION Our study is the first to determine the value of ezrin and maspin in HNSCC in a large series of patients with long follow-up. Ezrin and maspin seem to have a potential prognostic value in patients with HNSCC but results should be confirmed with further studies.
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Deng W, Yi YF, Liu DD. Significance of Maspin, uPA and MMP-7 expression in human gastric carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:660-665. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i7.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of Maspin, urokinase-type plasrninogen activator (uPA) uPA and Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and their roles in the tumorigenesis and progre-ssion of gastric cancer.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expression of Maspin, uPA and MMP-7 in tissues from gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 30), signet-ring cell carcinoma (n = 30), and normal gastric mucosa (n = 20).
RESULTS: The positive rates of Maspin, uPA and MMP-7 were 50%, 70% and 80%, respectively, in gastric adenocarcinoma, and they were 46.7%, 76.7% and 90%, respectively, in signet-ring cell carcinoma. However, the positive rates of Maspin, uPA, and MMP-7 were 90%, 35%, and 30%, respectively, in normal gastric mucosa. Maspin, uPA, and MMP-7 expression were significantly different between tissues from carcinoma and normal mucosa (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Maspin expression was significantly related to the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis, but not to tumor size and TNM staging. The expression of uPA and MMP-7 were markedly related to the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging, but not to tumor size. Maspin expression had a negative correlation with uPA and MMP-7 (P = 0.012, r = -0.322; P = 0.008, r = -0.341), while uPA expression had a positive correlation with MMP-7 (P = 0.034, r = 0.274).
CONCLUSION: Down-regulated expression of Maspin and up-regulated expression of uPA and MMP-7 play important roles in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. They may serve as effective markers of reflecting the biopathological behaviors of gastric carcinoma.
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Nakashima T, Yasumatsu R, Kuratomi Y, Masuda M, Kuwano T, Toh S, Umezaki T, Cataltepe S, Silverman GA, Komune S. Role of squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 expression in the invasive potential of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2006; 28:24-30. [PMID: 16155915 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine proteases have important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis, and their inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors (serpins), are attractive targets for therapeutic strategies. On chromosome 18q21, there is a cluster of serpins: maspin, headpin, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA1)/SCCA2. Others and we have reported that the expression of these serpins is down regulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells compared with normal squamous epithelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized that expression of SCCA1 is biologically disadvantageous to HNSCC cells. METHODS HNSCC cell lines were transfected with a mammalian expression vector with SCCA1 cDNA. In vitro proliferation, migration, or invasive potential (matrigel assay) of the transfectants were assayed. In addition, the in vivo growth and invasion was analyzed using the floor-of-mouth model of nude mice. RESULTS SCCA1 expression did not alter the in vitro growth rate of established HNSCC cells. However, SCCA1 expression significantly inhibited the in vitro invasion in matrigel assays. Furthermore, the in vivo growth and invasion in nude mice was also inhibited by SCCA1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of SCCA1 in a HNSCC cell line inhibited its invasive potential. Loss of expression of the serpin SCCA1 may play a role in the malignant progression of HNSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Serpins/genetics
- Serpins/metabolism
- Serpins/physiology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Torahiko Nakashima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Myo K, Uzawa N, Miyamoto R, Sonoda I, Yuki Y, Amagasa T. Cyclin D1 gene numerical aberration is a predictive marker for occult cervical lymph node metastasis in TNM Stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Cancer 2005; 104:2709-16. [PMID: 16265665 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of occult cervical lymph node metastases originating from oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) numerical aberrations in predicting the risk of late lymph node metastases. METHODS Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using a BAC clone specific for CCND1, was performed on OSCC specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy from 45 patients with previously untreated TNM Stage I and II (T1-2N0M0) disease who had not undergone elective cervical lymph node dissection. RESULTS CCND1 numerical aberrations were observed in 15 (33.3%) of the 45 patients and were significantly associated with the mode of invasion of the primary tumor (P = 0.01) and the presence of occult lymph node metastases (P < 0.001). Twelve of these 15 patients (80%) developed late cervical lymph node metastases within 2 years of surgery for primary OSCCs. All patients with cluster-type amplification of CCND1 developed late lymph node metastases. Multivariate analysis showed that only CCND1 numerical aberrations (risk ratio, 8.685%, 95% confidence interval = 2.232-33.802, P = 0.002) independently predicted late cervical lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Aberrations in CCND1 numbers appear to be valuable in identifying patients at high risk of late lymph node metastasis in Stage I and II OSCCs. Analysis of CCND1 numerical aberrations using FISH on FNA biopsy specimens may be useful in selecting patients for elective cervical lymph node dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Myo
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Function, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Xu C, Quddus MR, Sung CJ, Steinhoff MM, Zhang C, Lawrence WD. Maspin expression in CIN 3, microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Mod Pathol 2005; 18:1102-6. [PMID: 15731774 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maspin is a serine protease inhibitor with tumor suppression activity. It is expressed in normal breast and prostate tissue but is downregulated or absent in breast and prostate tumors. Recent reports have shown that decreased expression is associated with a greater propensity for metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinomas. We know that some high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia progress to invasive carcinomas while others either persist at the same degree of atypia or regress. The pattern of maspin expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-grade 3, microinvasive squamous carcinomas and overtly invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix was studied to determine the relationship between the extent of maspin expression and the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to squamous cell carcinoma. In total, 36 cases were evaluated: 18 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-grade 3, seven cases of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma and 11 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. A monoclonal antibody was used on paraffin-embedded tissues. Immunoreactivity was scored semiquantitatively using a scale of 0-3. The sums of the scores of the different groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. A significant decrease in maspin scores was noted between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-grade 3 vs invasive squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.005), microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma vs invasive squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.05), and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-grade 3 vs tumor emboli (P<0.005). Although not statistically significant, scores of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-grade 3 associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma were lower compared to that cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-grade 3 without invasive squamous cell carcinoma. These findings suggest that maspin likely plays a role in disease progression from in situ to invasive carcinoma. Virtual absence of maspin immunopositivity in tumor emboli indicates that maspin may also play a role in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02905-2499, USA
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Marioni G, Blandamura S, Giacomelli L, Calgaro N, Segato P, Leo G, Fischetto D, Staffieri A, de Filippis C. Nuclear expression of maspin is associated with a lower recurrence rate and a longer disease-free interval after surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Histopathology 2005; 46:576-82. [PMID: 15842640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Maspin, a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily, is the product of a tumour suppressor gene. Tissue distribution studies have shown maspin expression in normal mammary epithelial cells, in the placenta, prostate, thymus, testis, oral cavity, small intestine, skin, and cornea. Maspin is expressed but down-regulated in human breast, prostatic, and colonic cancers but apparently up-regulated in pancreatic, ovarian, and gastric cancers. Only two studies concerning maspin expression in head and neck carcinomas are available. The present study is the first attempt to determine maspin expression in laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS Maspin expression was evaluated in 21 cases of laryngeal carcinoma consecutively treated with an exclusively surgical approach with a follow-up period longer than 24 months. The expression of p53, p27 and MIB-1 was also studied. Two patterns of distribution of maspin in laryngeal neoplastic cells were found. Cytoplasmic expression of maspin was identified in 47.6% of the cases. Nuclear maspin positivity was determined in 47.6% of the cases. A statistically significant difference in nuclear maspin expression between the group of patients without carcinoma recurrence and the group with evidence of recurrence was demonstrated (P = 0.039). Log rank test analysis showed a statistically significant direct correlation between nuclear maspin expression and disease-free intervals after surgical treatment calculated in months (P = 0.028). A significant inverse correlation was disclosed between nuclear maspin staining and MIB-1 (P = 0.028). A trend of increasing p27 expression was noted in cases with positive nuclear maspin expression. Nuclear maspin expression was not statistically correlated with p53 expression. A trend towards direct correlation between cytoplasmic maspin expression and squamous cell carcinoma histological grade (G) was apparent. Cytoplasmic maspin expression did not correlate with p53, MIB-1 or p27 expression. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that nuclear location of maspin is a good prognostic factor in laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marioni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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40
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Chen EI, Florens L, Axelrod FT, Monosov E, Barbas CF, Yates JR, Felding-Habermann B, Smith JW. Maspin alters the carcinoma proteome. FASEB J 2005; 19:1123-4. [PMID: 15857880 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2970fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family, is a tumor suppressor in breast and prostate cancer. To address molecular mechanisms underlying maspin's activity, we restored its expression in invasive carcinoma cells and analyzed the resulting changes by shotgun proteomics. Using a mass spectrometry-based multidimensional proteomic method, we observed changes to the expression of approximately 27% of the detectable proteome. In particular, we noted changes to the expression of proteins that regulate cytoskeletal architecture, cell death, and protein turnover. In each case, changes in protein expression were accompanied by measurable changes in tumor cell phenotype. Thus, maspin-expressing cells exhibit a more prominent actin cytoskeleton, a reduced invasive capacity, an increased rate of spontaneous apoptosis, and an altered proteasome function. These observations reveal for the first time the far reaching effects of maspin on multiple protein networks and a new hypothesis of maspin function based on the regulation of proteasome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily I Chen
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Wang MC, Yang YM, Li XH, Dong F, Li Y. Clinicopathological significance of maspin and Kail expressions in carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:2283-2286. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i10.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expressions of maspin and Kai1 in gastric cancer and to explore their roles in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer.
METHODS: Normal gastric mucosa (n = 182), gastric dysplasia (n = 69), and gastric cancer (n = 113) were detected for maspin and Kai1 expressions by immunohistochemical methods. The expressions were compared with clinicopathological parameters of the tumor. Relationship between maspin and Kai1 expressions was analyzed as well.
RESULTS: The positive rates of maspin expression were 79.8% (145/182), 75.4% (52/69), and 50.4% (57/113) in normal gastric mucosa, gastric dysplasia, and gastric cancer, while those of Kai1 expression were 81.9% (149/182), 65.2% (49/69), and 58.4% (66/113) in corresponding tissues, respectively. The gastric normal mucosa and dysplasia more frequently expressed maspin than primary gastric cancer did, (P <0.01), while the normal mucosa showed more frequent expression of Kai1 than dysplasia and primary cancer did (P <0.01). Maspin expression significantly related to invasive depth (P = 0.003<0.01), metastasis (P = 0.027<0.05), Lauren's (P = 0.015<0.05) and histological classification (P = 0.024<0.05), but not to tumor size, Borrmann's classification, growth pattern and TNM staging (P >0.05). Kai1 expression significantly related to invasive depth (P = 0.043<0.05), metastasis (P = 0.005<0.01), growth pattern (P = 0.034<0.05), Lauren's classification (P = 0.000<0.01) and histological classification (P = 0.004<0.01), but not to tumor size, Borrmann's classification and TNM staging (P >0.05). Maspin expression was significantly consistent with Kail expression in primary gastric cancer (P = 0.008<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Down-regulated expressions of maspin and Kai1 play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. They may have inhibitory effects on invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. Abnormal expressions of maspin and Kai1 might be an objective indicator for pathobiological behaviors of gastric cancer.
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Friedrich MG, Toma MI, Petri S, Cheng JC, Hammerer P, Erbersdobler A, Huland H. Expression of Maspin in non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma: correlation with tumor angiogenesis and prognosis. Eur Urol 2004; 45:737-43. [PMID: 15149745 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2003.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maspin is a member of the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) family and has been shown to be a suppressor of tumor growth and an inhibitor of angiogenesis as well as metastasis in several types of tumors. We studied expression patterns of Maspin in pTa/pT1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and compared them with microvessel density (MVD) for two vascular markers (CD34 and CD105) and correlated the findings with clinical outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated tumor samples of 110 patients undergoing transurethral resection for pTa/pT1 bladder carcinoma (pTa, n=84; pT1, n=26; grade 1, n= 22; grade 2, n= 81; grade 3, n=7). Immunohistochemical studies were performed using the monoclonal antibodies, anti-human Maspin (NCL Maspin), anti-CD34 Class II and anti-CD105. Maspin expression level was classified according to the staining intensity (- to +++). The blood vessels (CD34) and specifically proliferating blood vessels (CD105) were counted as vessels per field (microvessel density, MVD). RESULTS Of the 110 tumors, 27 showed a negative immunostaining for Maspin, 46 tumors stained +, 29 stained ++, and 8 stained +++. Maspin expression correlated inversely with CD34 reactivity. In tumors with loss of or only weak Maspin expression, the MVD for CD34 was 21.7 vessels per field, and 4.2 vessels per field for proliferating vessels (CD105), whereas Maspin-positive tumors had an MVD of 17.7 vessels per field (CD34), and of 6.0 vessels per field (CD105). Complete follow-up data are available in 92 patients. After a median follow-up of 25 months, 18 of the 92 patients (19.6%) had tumor recurrences. Tumors with decreased Maspin expression (-/+) had a shorter disease-free interval (23 months) than patients with stronger Maspin (++/+++) expression (29 months), whereas a Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test showed no significant difference in disease-free survival between the patients. CONCLUSION The clinical importance of Maspin has been mainly investigated regarding tumor progression or metastasis. We found a decreased Maspin expression in a large portion of pTa/pT1 bladder tumors. Even if patients with decreased Maspin expression have a slightly shorter disease-free survival Maspin does not appear to be a promising prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Friedrich
- Department of Urology, University of Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Smith SL, Watson SG, Ratschiller D, Gugger M, Betticher DC, Heighway J. Maspin – the most commonly-expressed gene of the 18q21.3 serpin cluster in lung cancer – is strongly expressed in preneoplastic bronchial lesions. Oncogene 2003; 22:8677-87. [PMID: 14647462 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, SCCA1/2 and hurpin were identified by cDNA microarray analyses as dramatically differentially expressed transcripts in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These sequences are located within a 10-gene serpin cluster on 18q21.3. Using comparative RT-PCR, we have investigated the expression of each of these serpins, including their flanking loci, in an independent NSCLC series. Whereas six of the genes (maspin, SCCA1, SCCA2, hurpin, megsin and pAI-2) were commonly differentially expressed in primary lesions, each significantly more often in squamous cell tumours, maspin was identified as the most frequently over-represented sequence in both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Using a well-characterized monoclonal antibody, we have shown strong maspin expression in tumour protein extracts, detected multiple isoforms of the 42 kDa protein and shown that maspin is localized specifically to the tumour cells within neoplastic lesions. In contrast, most cells in non-neoplastic lung tissue appear not to express the gene, with the exception of the multipotent basal epithelial cells that line the bronchial airway. These reserve cells generally show strong predominantly nuclear localization of maspin. Strong nuclear expression of maspin within primary tumour cells is correlated with increased survival (P=0.05) and a longer remission duration (P=0.02) in resectable-staged patients. However, within the airways of cancer patients and somewhat in contrast to this observation, such expression was more frequently detected in the superficial cells of preneoplastic over non-neoplastic epithelia (P<0.0001), consistent with a role for the protein in early neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley L Smith
- Target Identification Group, Roy Castle International Centre for Lung Cancer Research, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
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Ohike N, Maass N, Mundhenke C, Biallek M, Zhang M, Jonat W, Lüttges J, Morohoshi T, Klöppel G, Nagasaki K. Clinicopathological significance and molecular regulation of maspin expression in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Cancer Lett 2003; 199:193-200. [PMID: 12969792 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the biological relevance of maspin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and studied regulatory mechanisms of maspin gene activation in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Maspin expression was immunohistochemically detected in a series of 57 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, 51 (90%) of which were classified as high-expressers. In lymph node metastases, maspin expression was somewhat decreasingly found in 39/49 (80%). Maspin high-expressers showed predominantly a low histological grade (p=0.013). Moreover, maspin expression was found in two mixed ductal-endocrine carcinomas, but not in 10 endocrine tumors and the surrounding normal pancreatic tissues. Using a luciferase reporter system, maspin promoter activity was induced in the maspin-positive pancreatic cancer cell lines as well as maspin-negative PANC-1 cells. Additionally, treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2' deoxycytidine, and histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, led to re-expression of maspin mRNA in PANC-1 cells. Our results indicate that maspin expression is up-regulated in most if not all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and may be related to the development and differentiation, and that DNA methylation and histone deacetylation may suppress maspin gene activation in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Ohike
- Department of Pathology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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45
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Ngamkitidechakul C, Warejcka DJ, Burke JM, O'Brien WJ, Twining SS. Sufficiency of the reactive site loop of maspin for induction of cell-matrix adhesion and inhibition of cell invasion. Conversion of ovalbumin to a maspin-like molecule. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:31796-806. [PMID: 12799381 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m302408200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maspin, an ov-serpin, inhibits tumor invasion and induces cell adhesion to extracellular matrix molecules. Here, we use maspin/ovalbumin chimeric proteins and the maspin reactive site loop (RSL) peptide to characterize the role of the RSL in maspin-mediated functions. Replacement of the RSL plus the C-terminal region or the RSL alone of maspin with that of ovalbumin resulted in the loss of the stimulatory effect on adhesion of corneal stromal cells to type I collagen, fibronectin, and laminin and of mammary carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells to fibronectin. Maspin with ovalbumin as the C-terminal region retained activity, suggesting the maspin C-terminal polypeptide is not required. An R340Q mutant retained full maspin activity; however, an R340A mutant lost activity. This indicates the arginine side chain at the putative P1 site forms a hydrogen bond and not an ionic bond. The RSL peptide (P10-P5', amino acids 330-345) alone induced cell-matrix adhesion of mammary carcinoma cells and corneal stromal cells and inhibited invasion of the carcinoma cells. Substitution of the RSL of ovalbumin with that of maspin converted inactive ovalbumin into a fully active molecule. Maspin bound specifically to the surface of the mammary carcinoma cells with a kd of 367 +/- 67 nM and 32.0 +/- 2.2 x 10(6) binding sites/cell. The maspin RSL peptide inhibited binding, suggesting the RSL is involved in maspin binding to cells. Sufficiency of the maspin RSL for activity suggests the mechanism by which maspin regulates cell-matrix adhesion and tumor cell invasion does not involve the serpin mechanism of protease inhibition.
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Reis-Filho JS, Silva P, Milanezi F, Lopes JM. Hyaline cell-rich chondroid syringoma: case report and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2003; 198:755-64. [PMID: 12530579 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline cell-rich chondroid syringoma (HCRCS) is a rare benign cutaneous neoplasm composed of cells with eosinophilic hyaline cytoplasm and plasmacytoid features, the origin of which remains elusive. To the best of our knowledge, only eight cases of this entity have been reported so far, and none of them was submitted to a large panel of myoepithelial markers. We report on a case of a previously healthy 29-year-old male patient who presented with a slowly enlarging flesh-colored nodule on the palmar aspect of the tenar region of his left hand, measuring 2 cm in maximum diameter. The nodule was "shelled-out" and submitted to light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural examination. Histopathologic analysis disclosed a lobulated neoplasm composed of hyaline cells with plasmacytoid features showing ovoid nuclei, with occasional invaginations, finely granular chromatin, and discrete nucleoli; the cytoplasm was deeply eosinophilic with occasional dot-shaped paranuclear hyaline inclusions. On immunohistochemical evaluation, hyaline cells were strongly and diffusely positive for S-100 protein, vimentin, pan (CAM 5.2) and high molecular weight (34betaE12) cytokeratins; these cells were focally positive for GFAP, maspin, neuron-specific enolase, and cytokeratin 14. Alpha-smooth muscle actin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, collagen IV, Gp100 (HMB-45), and p63 were negative in neoplastic hyaline cells. Ultrastructural analysis disclosed cells with ovoid nuclei showing occasional invaginations and nuclear pockets; the cytoplasm was rich in meshworks of non-bundling intermediate filaments and a variable amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Based on our findings and those previously reported, hyaline cells of HCRCS might posses an aberrant myoepithelial differentiation. Most importantly, pathologists need to be aware of the histologic and immunohistochemical features of HCRCS to avoid a misdiagnosis of highly malignant neoplams, such as malignant melanoma and extra-skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.
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Gras JR, Orús C, León X, Venegas MP, Gañán L, Quer M. Tratamiento de los estadios iniciales (t1-t2n0) del carcinoma de lengua móvil. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2003; 54:443-8. [PMID: 14567079 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(03)78434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to define the best local treatment in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of mobile tongue in the early stages (I-II) and to establish the best election for neck management. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated 90 patients classified as stage I and II between 1984 and 1999. Sixty-eight patients out of the ninety (75%) were treated with radio-therapy and twenty-two (25%) with surgery. Neck dissection was used in 39% (35/90) of patients. RESULTS The rates of ultimate local control for T1NO lesions were similar for both treatment groups (94% vs. 95%). For T2N0 lesions the ultimate local control did improved in those patients treated with surgery (100%) compared to those that had radiotherapy (77%). Regional control was better in the group that underwent neck dissection compared to the group that had just ganglionar control (89% vs. 79%). CONCLUSIONS We recommend local surgical treatment for T1-T2NO and in our experience prophylactic treatment of lymph nodes leads to a better regional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gras
- Servicio ORL, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autónoma, Barcelona
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Streuli CH. Maspin is a tumour suppressor that inhibits breast cancer tumour metastasis in vivo. Breast Cancer Res 2002; 4:137-40. [PMID: 12100737 PMCID: PMC138732 DOI: 10.1186/bcr437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2002] [Revised: 04/26/2002] [Accepted: 05/01/2002] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Maspin is a member of the serpin family of serine proteases and functions as a tumour suppressor. A study using a new syngeneic mouse model for breast cancer suggests that maspin can inhibit metastasis in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Epithelial Cells/enzymology
- Female
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Muscle, Smooth/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth/enzymology
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/physiology
- Rats
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Serpins/genetics
- Serpins/physiology
- Transfection
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Streuli
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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