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Warner KA, Herzog AE, Sahara S, Nör F, Castilho RM, Demirci H, Chepeha DB, Polverini PJ, Nör JE. Establishment and characterization of cMYB-expressing human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines (UM-HACC-14, UM-HACC-6) and matching patient-derived xenograft model (UM-PDX-HACC-14). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024:S2212-4403(24)00325-0. [PMID: 38971694 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited availability of authentic human adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cell lines has hindered progress in understanding mechanisms underpinning the biology of this disease and the development of safe and effective therapies. STUDY DESIGN Surgical human ACC specimens (UM-HACC-6, UM-HACC-14) were dissociated into single cell suspensions and cultured in fibronectin-coated flasks. Alternatively, tumor fragments were transplanted subcutaneously into female immunodeficient (SCID) mice to establish patient-derived xenograft tumors (PDX; UM-PDX-HACC-14). RESULTS Both ACC cell lines showed continuous growth in monolayers for over 100 passages. Total RNA-Seq, RT-PCR, and FISH analysis revealed that both are MYB-NFIB fusion negative. Western blots revealed passage-dependent expression of E-Cadherin, PCNA, p63, phospho-c-MYB, and NFIB. Both, UM-HACC-14 and UM-HACC-6 cells exhibited tumorigenic potential when injected orthotopically into mouse submandibular glands. CONCLUSION UM-HACC-14, patient-matching UM-PDX-HACC-14, and the UM-HACC-6 cell line are new, authenticated preclinical models of ACC that are well suited for mechanistic and developmental therapeutics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A Warner
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra E Herzog
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sosuke Sahara
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felipe Nör
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hakan Demirci
- Department of Opthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Douglas B Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter J Polverini
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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T.R. PP, M. S, Kripesh G. A Study on Myloblastosis Gene (MYB) in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Using the New IHC Marker MYB (SZ04-81). Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1414-1420. [PMID: 37636647 PMCID: PMC10447822 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the salivary gland. It has overlapping histological features with other salivary gland tumors. MYB is a nuclear marker which is known to be expressed in Adenoid cystic carcinoma. In this study we aim to determine the sensitivity and specificity of MYB IHC marker to differentiate Adenoid cystic carcinoma from other benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Materials and method: This is a retrospective case control study on the paraffin blocks of 78 cases of salivary gland tumors obtained over a period of 5 years. MYB Ser11 monoclonal antibody of clone SZ04-81 IHC, a nuclear marker was done on all cases. The results observed was tabulated and statistical analysis was done to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the MYB IHC marker. Results: The mean age group of Adenoid cystic carcinoma was 45 years with a female preponderance. 60% of the cases of Adenoid cystic carcinoma were from minor salivary glands spread across various sites. The sensitivity and specificity of the MYB IHC marker were statistically analyzed and found to be 93.9% and 97.8% respectively. Conclusion: The present study shows substantial expression of MYB immunohistochemical marker in Adenoid cystic carcinoma, with a very high sensitivity and specificity obtained using the clone SZ04-81. Thus this marker can be used in the diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma. However, correlation with H & E and FISH studies are required. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03471-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Paul T.R.
- Registrar, Department of histopathology, SRM Institutes for Medical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Susruthan M.
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Gokul Kripesh
- Senior Registrar, Department of histopathology, SRM Institutes for Medical Science, Chennai, India
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3
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Guo Y, Xu T, Chai Y, Chen F. TGF-β Signaling in Progression of Oral Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10263. [PMID: 37373414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignancy worldwide, accounting for 1.9% to 3.5% of all malignant tumors. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), as one of the most important cytokines, is found to play complex and crucial roles in oral cancers. It may act in a pro-tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive manner; activities of the former include cell cycle progression inhibition, tumor microenvironment preparation, apoptosis promotion, stimulation of cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and suppression of immune surveillance. However, the triggering mechanisms of these distinct actions remain unclear. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β signal transduction, focusing on oral squamous cell and salivary adenoid systemic carcinomas as well as keratocystic odontogenic tumors. Both the supporting and contrary evidence of the roles of TGF-β is discussed. Importantly, the TGF-β pathway has been the target of new drugs developed in the past decade, some having demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in clinical trials. Therefore, the achievements of TGF-β pathway-based therapeutics and their challenges are also assessed. The summarization and discussion of the updated knowledge of TGF-β signaling pathways will provide insight into the design of new strategies for oral cancer treatment, leading to an improvement in oral cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tiansong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yujuan Chai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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4
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Manou M, Kanakoglou DS, Loupis T, Vrachnos DM, Theocharis S, Papavassiliou AG, Piperi C. Role of Histone Deacetylases in the Pathogenesis of Salivary Gland Tumors and Therapeutic Targeting Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10038. [PMID: 37373187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) comprise a rare and heterogenous category of benign/malignant neoplasms with progressively increasing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underpinning their pathogenesis, poor prognosis, and therapeutic treatment efficacy. Emerging data are pointing toward an interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to their heterogeneity and diverse clinical phenotypes. Post-translational histone modifications such as histone acetylation/deacetylation have been shown to actively participate in the pathobiology of SGTs, further suggesting that histone deacetylating factors (HDACs), selective or pan-HDAC inhibitors (HDACis), might present effective treatment options for these neoplasms. Herein, we describe the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the pathology of the different types of SGTs, focusing on histone acetylation/deacetylation effects on gene expression as well as the progress of HDACis in SGT therapy and the current status of relevant clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Kanakoglou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Loupis
- Haematology Research Laboratory, Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios M Vrachnos
- Haematology Research Laboratory, Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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5
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Mat Lazim N, Yousaf A, Abusalah MAH, Sulong S, Mohd Ismail ZI, Mohamud R, Abu-Harirah HA, AlRamadneh TN, Hassan R, Abdullah B. The Epigenesis of Salivary Glands Carcinoma: From Field Cancerization to Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072111. [PMID: 37046772 PMCID: PMC10093474 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are a diverse collection of malignant tumors with marked differences in biological activity, clinical presentation and microscopic appearance. Although the etiology is varied, secondary radiation, oncogenic viruses as well as chromosomal rearrangements have all been linked to the formation of SGCs. Epigenetic modifications may also contribute to the genesis and progression of SGCs. Epigenetic modifications are any heritable changes in gene expression that are not caused by changes in DNA sequence. It is now widely accepted that epigenetics plays an important role in SGCs development. A basic epigenetic process that has been linked to a variety of pathological as well as physiological conditions including cancer formation, is DNA methylation. Transcriptional repression is caused by CpG islands hypermethylation at gene promoters, whereas hypomethylation causes overexpression of a gene. Epigenetic changes in SGCs have been identified, and they have been linked to the genesis, progression as well as prognosis of these neoplasms. Thus, we conduct a thorough evaluation of the currently known evidence on the involvement of epigenetic processes in SGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhafiza Mat Lazim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anam Yousaf
- Department of Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa 13132, Jordan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulong
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zul Izhar Mohd Ismail
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hashem A. Abu-Harirah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Tareq Nayef AlRamadneh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Baharudin Abdullah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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6
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Zhang MJ, Wu CC, Wang S, Yang LL, Sun ZJ. Overexpression of LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR in adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Oral Dis 2023; 29:175-187. [PMID: 34651389 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) are the two most frequent malignancies of salivary glands. This study aims to explore the expression and migration of LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR in AdCC and MEC, and the potential relationship with oncogenic signaling molecules and immunosuppressive cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Custom made human salivary gland tissue microarrays included 81 AdCCs, 52 MECs, 76 normal salivary glands (NSG), and 14 pleomorphic adenoma (PMA) samples. Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR), oncogenic phosphorylated S6 kinase (p-S6) and ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2 ), and TGF-β1 was performed with salivary gland tissue microarrays of human samples. The correlation of the immunostaining was analyzed based on a digital pathological system, and data were evaluated by hierarchical cluster. Further in vitro studies of knockdown immune checkpoints LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR were carried out by siRNA transfection. RESULTS The expression levels of LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR were remarkably increased in AdCC and MEC, compared with NSG and PMA samples, but were independent of pathology grade. They were closely correlated with TGF-β1, slightly related to p-ERK1/2 and p-S6. After the knockdown of immune checkpoints LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR, the migration of SACC-LM cell line was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR are overexpressed in AdCC and MEC, may promote migration of SACC-LM cell and correlated with TGF-β1 and oncogenic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Cong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei-Lei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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7
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Alsarraj M, Alshehri SM, Qattan A, Mofti A, Wazqer L, Bukhari S, Shamsaldin A, Rajab R. Lymph Node Involvement and the Clinical Stage as Predictors of the Survival of Patients With Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e30780. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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8
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Doan C, Aouizerat BE, Ye Y, Dang D, Asam K, Bhattacharya A, Howard T, Patel YK, Viet DT, Figueroa JD, Zhong JF, Thomas CM, Morlandt AB, Yu G, Callahan NF, Allen CT, Grandhi A, Herford AS, Walker PC, Nguyen K, Kidd SC, Lee SC, Inman JC, Slater JM, Viet CT. Neurotrophin Pathway Receptors NGFR and TrkA Control Perineural Invasion, Metastasis, and Pain in Oral Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200190. [PMID: 35925599 PMCID: PMC9533666 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients suffer from poor survival due to metastasis or locoregional recurrence, processes that are both facilitated by perineural invasion (PNI). OSCC has higher rates of PNI than other cancer subtypes, with PNI present in 80% of tumors. Despite the impact of PNI on oral cancer prognosis and pain, little is known about the genes that drive PNI, which in turn drive pain, invasion, and metastasis. In this study, clinical data, preclinical, and in vitro models are leveraged to elucidate the role of neurotrophins in OSCC metastasis, PNI, and pain. The expression data in OSCC patients with metastasis, PNI, or pain demonstrate dysregulation of neurotrophin genes. TrkA and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) are focused, two receptors that are activated by NGF, a neurotrophin expressed at high levels in OSCC. It is demonstrated that targeted knockdown of these two receptors inhibits proliferation and invasion in an in vitro and preclinical model of OSCC, and metastasis, PNI, and pain. It is further determined that TrkA knockdown alone inhibits thermal hyperalgesia, whereas NGFR knockdown alone inhibits mechanical allodynia. Collectively the results highlight the ability of OSCC to co-opt different components of the neurotrophin pathway in metastasis, PNI, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleen Doan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Bradley E. Aouizerat
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
| | - Dongmin Dang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
| | - Kesava Asam
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
| | - Aditi Bhattacharya
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
| | - Timothy Howard
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
| | - Yogin K. Patel
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
| | - Dan T. Viet
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, United States
| | - Johnny D. Figueroa
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jiang F. Zhong
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Carissa M. Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anthony B. Morlandt
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gary Yu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Nicholas F. Callahan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL
| | - Clint T. Allen
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Anupama Grandhi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Alan S. Herford
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Paul C. Walker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Stephanie C. Kidd
- Department of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Steve C. Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Jared C. Inman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Jason M. Slater
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Chi T. Viet
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA
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Zhang MJ, Wang S, Wu CC, Wu L, Sun ZJ. Expression of HHLA2, TMIGD2, and GITR in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:379-387. [PMID: 35226778 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the two most common malignancies of salivary gland. Our study aims to explore the role of human endogenous Retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing 2, and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor in adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and the relationship between human endogenous Retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing 2, glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor, oncogenic signaling molecules, and cluster of differentiation 8. METHODS Custom-made human salivary gland tissue microarrays included 81 Adenoid cystic carcinoma, 52 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 76 normal salivary gland, and 14 pleomorphic adenoma samples. Immunohistochemical analysis of human endogenous Retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing 2, and glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor, oncogenic phosphorylated Erk1/2 , the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecule transforming growth factor β1, and cluster of differentiation 8 was performed with salivary gland tissue microarray of human samples. RESULTS According to a digital pathological system, we analyzed the correlation of immunostaining. The expression levels of human endogenous Retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing 2, and glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor were significantly enhanced in the adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, compared with those of pleomorphic adenoma and NSG samples. However, the expression levels of human endogenous Retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing 2, and glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor were independent of the pathological grade of malignancy of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and histological pattern of adenoid cystic carcinoma. They were closely related to phosphorylated Erk1/2 and transforming growth factor β1, but negligibly related to cluster of differentiation 8. CONCLUSIONS These results described that certain immune checkpoint molecules, namely, human endogenous Retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing 2, and glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor were overexpressed in Adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, but were independent of pathological grade, and may relate to transforming growth factor β1, phosphorylated Erk1/2, and cluster of differentiation 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Cong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Porcheri C, Meisel CT, Mitsiadis TA. Molecular and Cellular Modelling of Salivary Gland Tumors Open New Landscapes in Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3107. [PMID: 33114321 PMCID: PMC7690880 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are neoplasms affecting the major and minor salivary glands of the oral cavity. Their complex pathological appearance and overlapping morphological features between subtypes, pose major challenges in the identification, classification, and staging of the tumor. Recently developed techniques of three-dimensional culture and organotypic modelling provide useful platforms for the clinical and biological characterization of these malignancies. Additionally, new advances in genetic and molecular screenings allow precise diagnosis and monitoring of tumor progression. Finally, novel therapeutic tools with increased efficiency and accuracy are emerging. In this review, we summarize the most common salivary gland neoplasms and provide an overview of the state-of-the-art tools to model, diagnose, and treat salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Porcheri
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.T.M.); (T.A.M.)
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11
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Wang S, Yu Y, Fang Y, Huang H, Wu D, Fang H, Bai Y, Sun C, Yu A, Fan Q, Yu Z, Zhang C, Wang C, Tai Z, Huang Y, Li N. Whole-exome sequencing reveals genetic underpinnings of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma in the Chinese population. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:397-401. [PMID: 33077413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Wang
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Huiyao Huang
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Anqi Yu
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | | | | | - Yi Huang
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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12
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Hou H, Jia D, Yan W, Zhang X, Wang C, Li Y, Chen H, Huang W, Li Z, Zhang X. KIT/PDGFRA/KDR amplification defines a novel molecular subtype of adenoid cystic carcinoma patients who may benefit from treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:4703-4714. [PMID: 35117834 PMCID: PMC8797755 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with an aggressive phenotype and the high incidence of recurrence and distant metastasis severely affects the overall survival of ACC patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drives ACC could improve the treatment and outcomes of patients with this disease. Methods Actionable genetic alterations in 52 surgically resected ACC tissue samples were identified using targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). Expression of c-KIT/PDGFRα/VEGFR2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Sunitinib, a multi-targeted small molecule inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), was used off-label in one ACC patient harboring the KIT/PDGFRA/KDR amplification. Results Potentially actionable genetic alterations were detected in 61.5% (32/52) of patients. In addition to the common actionable targets identified in NOTCH signaling and FGF/PI3K pathway, multiple novel gene fusions were detected in 7.7% (4/52) of ACC patients. Specifically, the KIT/PDGFRA/KDR amplification was identified in 2 of 52 (3.8%) cases and triple positive c-KIT/PDGFRα/VEGFR2 by IHC was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of distant metastasis. Furthermore, an advanced ACC patient with the KIT/PDGFRA/KDR amplification and who was positive for three encoded proteins showed a partial response to sunitinib. Conclusions A total of 61.5% of ACC patients were found to harbor at least one actionable genetic alteration via a targeted NGS in this study. The KIT/PDGFRA/KDR amplification as well as triple positive c-KIT/PDGFRα/VEGFR2 defined a distinctive molecular phenotype that was characterized by distant metastasis. Clinical trials investigating the application of RTKs in ACC patients with the KIT/PDGFRA/KDR amplification or triple positive c-KIT/PDGFRα/VEGFR2 are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helei Hou
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongmei Jia
- Department of Pathology, the Municipal Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihua Yan
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunbao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujun Li
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, the Municipal Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Department of Pathology, the Municipal Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuokun Li
- BGI-Qingdao Institute, Qingdao SINO-GERMAN Ecopark, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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13
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Wu C, Li H, Xiao Y, Deng W, Sun Z. Expression levels of SIX1, ME2, and AP2M1 in adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1687-1695. [PMID: 32564485 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong‐Cong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Wei‐Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhi‐Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head Neck Surgery School & Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
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14
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Dos Santos ES, Ramos JC, Normando AGC, Mariano FV, Paes Leme AF. Epigenetic alterations in salivary gland tumors. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1610-1618. [PMID: 31829479 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) comprise a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant neoplasms that exhibit significant variability in their microscopic appearance, clinical presentation, and biological behavior. The etiologic factors are unknown; however, chromosomic translocation, secondary radiation, and chemotherapy can be associated with the development of SGT. It has been indicated that epigenetic alterations can be responsible for the development and progress of these neoplasms. The epigenetic mechanisms are defined as a set of DNA changes that do not alter the sequence of nucleotide bases but alter the expression of the proteins. These alterations have been studied in the SGT, and they were associated with the development and progress of these neoplasms and may influence on SGT prognosis. Hence, we critically review the currently available data on the participation of epigenetic events on salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erison S Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Joab C Ramos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela C Normando
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda V Mariano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Paes Leme
- Brazilian Bioscience National Laboratory, Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
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15
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Wu Q, Sun W, Bu J, Xiang Y, Zhong Y. Primary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Upper Anterior Mediastinum Mimicking a Thyroid Tumor: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:242. [PMID: 32390945 PMCID: PMC7191109 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the upper anterior mediastinum mimicking a thyroid tumor has rarely been seen in clinical practice and lacks a standard of care therapy. Here, we report a 47-year old female patient with an ACC originated from the upper anterior mediastinum presenting as a thyroid gland tumor. The patient received gross surgical resection of the tumor and underwent post-surgical chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient was free from local recurrence 3-years following initial treatment, but developed multiple lung metastases. She remains under clinical observation without discomfort and is still followed as an outpatient. Here, we also summarized recent reports of similar cases with hope to provide some experience for future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuji Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weizi Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajun Bu
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanhang Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahua Zhong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yahua Zhong
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Li C, Chen Q, Tian Z, Li S, Gong Z, Lin Z, Wang B, Liu H. Expression of MIF, Beclin1, and LC3 in human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and its prognostic value. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15402. [PMID: 31096436 PMCID: PMC6531071 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon salivary gland malignancy with a poor long-term prognosis. Clinical reports show the high rates of local recurrences and distant metastases. This study aimed to investigate the expression of MIF, Beclin1, and light-chain 3 (LC3) in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC).Tissue specimens were obtained from 48 salivary glands adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) patients and 15 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to estimate the level of LC3, Beclin1, and MIF. All SACC patients were followed up. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the prognosis of patients after treatment.The 3-year, 5 year-, and 10 year-survival rates of the SACC patients were 83.9%, 69.9%, and 46.6%, respectively. MIF, LC3, and Beclin1 in SACC were all obviously over-expressed. MIF showed an increased tendency in cases with advanced TNM stages, and at the same time, there was an inversely proportional relationship between MIF and LC3, Beclin1.The long-term survival of SACC patients is poor. MIF might be a risk factor for SACC patients, whereas, LC3 and Beclin1 might be an effective strategy for treatment of SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Laboratory for Tumor Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, The Head and Neurocenter, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Qingli Chen
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhongqi Tian
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shixiao Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhongcheng Gong
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhaoquan Lin
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Xu LH, Zhao F, Yang WW, Chen CW, Du ZH, Fu M, Ge XY, Li SL. MYB promotes the growth and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1579-1590. [PMID: 30896785 PMCID: PMC6438425 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of recurrent t(6;9) translocation of the MYB proto-oncogene to NFIB (the gene that encodes nuclear factor 1 B-type) in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) tumour tissues is high. However, MYB [the gene that encodes transcriptional activator Myb (MYB)] overexpression is more common, indicating that MYB serves a key role in ACC. The current study aimed to investigate the role of MYB in salivary (S)ACC growth and metastasis. A total of 50 fresh-frozen SACC tissues and 41 fresh-frozen normal submandibular gland (SMG) tissues were collected to measure MYB mRNA expression, and to analyse the associations between MYB and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Compared with normal SMG tissue, SACC tissues demonstrated significantly increased MYB expression, with a high expression rate of 90%. Interestingly, MYB tended to be negatively correlated with CDH1 [the gene that encodes cadherin-1 (E-cadherin)] and positively correlated with VIM (the gene that encodes vimentin), suggesting that MYB is associated with SACC metastasis. To explore the role of MYB in SACC, the authors stably overexpressed and knocked down MYB in SACC cells. The authors of the current study demonstrated that MYB overexpression promoted SACC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas its knockdown inhibited these activities. Additionally, when MYB was overexpressed, CDH1 expression was downregulated, and CDH2 (the gene that encodes cadherin-2), VIM and ACTA2 (the gene that encodes actin, aortic smooth muscle) expression was upregulated. Then, the effect of MYB on lung tumour metastasis was investigated in vivo in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. MYB overexpressing and control cells were injected into the mice through the tail vein. The results revealed that MYB promoted SACC lung metastasis. Collectively, these results demonstrated that MYB is aberrantly overexpressed in SACC tissues, and promotes SACC cell proliferation and metastasis, indicating that MYB may be a novel therapeutic target for SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Xu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Yang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R. China
| | - Chu-Wen Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Du
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R. China
| | - Min Fu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yuan Ge
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R. China
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18
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Liu X, Chen D, Lao X, Liang Y. The value of MYB as a prognostic marker for adenoid cystic carcinoma: Meta‐analysis. Head Neck 2019; 41:1517-1524. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Dongru Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiaomei Lao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Cao Y, Liu H, Xia SL, Zhang X, Bai H, Yang Q, Li J, Gao L, Jin F, Wei MJ, Lu SL, Xiao J. PTEN downregulates WD repeat‑containing protein 66 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:1827-1836. [PMID: 30569117 PMCID: PMC6365686 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is one of the most common types of salivary gland cancer that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite the substantial health burden of SACC, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression remain poorly understood. We previously reported the loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression to be common among SACC tumors, and the PTEN deficiency to be correlated with enrichment of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes based on expression array analysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate further the functional function of WD repeat-containing protein 66 (WDR66), one of the enriched EMT genes, in the context of PTEN deficiency and SACC pathogenesis. WDR66 was identified to be required to maintain the EMT phenotype and the expression of cancer stem cell genes in the context of PTEN deficiency. Furthermore, knockdown of WDR66 decreased cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. Finally, WDR66 expression was identified to be inversely associated with PTEN expression and negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with SACC. Collectively, the results of the present study revealed a novel function of WDR66 in mediating the progression of PTEN-deficient SACCs, thereby suggesting WDR66 inhibition to be a potential therapeutic approach towards successful management of SACC disease progression, particularly against tumors with decreased PTEN expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Lin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Han Bai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Min-Jie Wei
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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20
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Dongsoo K, Chen J, Wei E, Ansari J, Meram A, Patel S, Ghali G, Kevil C, Shackelford RE. Hydrogen Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide-Synthesizing Enzymes Are Altered in a Case of Oral Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Case Rep Oncol 2018; 11:585-590. [PMID: 30283315 PMCID: PMC6167701 DOI: 10.1159/000492464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) constitute 1% of all head and neck malignancies and are very rare in the oral cavity. With < 60 oral ACCs described, their pathobiology is incompletely understood. Here, we report a case of oral cavity ACC in a 54-year-old woman. Since recent studies have demonstrated that several human tumors overexpress the hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-synthesizing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), and also show dysregulated H2S levels, we examined these biomarkers in the oral ACC and compared the results to those of adjacent benign oral epithelium. Western blotting was used to compare the protein expression of CBS, CSE, 3-MST, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, and mitoNEET in ACC and adjacent benign oral mucosae. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the differences in tissue H2S concentrations between the two biopsy types. We found that all the proteins examined here were increased in the ACC compared to adjacent benign oral mucosae. Interestingly, H2S concentrations were decreased approximately 30% in ACC compared to benign mucosae. Thus, in one example of this rare tumor type, the enzymes that synthesize H2S are increased, while tissue H2S levels are lower than those found in adjacent benign oral mucosae. Although limited to a single rare tumor type, to our knowledge this is the second time H2S concentrations have been directly quantified inside a human tumor. Last, our results may indicate that alterations in H2S synthesis and metabolism may be important in the pathobiology of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Dongsoo
- Head and Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eric Wei
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Junaid Ansari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrew Meram
- Head and Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stavan Patel
- Head and Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ghali Ghali
- Head and Neck Oncologic/Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rodney E Shackelford
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Cai WY, Zhuang Y, Yan F, Li T, Song WT, Sun JH. Effect of survivin downregulation by simvastatin on the growth and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1939-1946. [PMID: 29956779 PMCID: PMC6072162 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, is been used in the clinic due to its pleiotropic effects, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer. Simvastatin has recently been demonstrated to serve a potential role in the prophylaxis and therapeutics of a number of human cancers. The majority of reports concerning simvastatin treatment in the majority of human cancers have demonstrated that survivin is significantly decreased as a result and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the use of simvastatin for the treatment of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Therefore, this agent is a candidate for further investigation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of the human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line, SACC-83, as well as survivin expression in the cells. The Cell Counting kit-8 assay results revealed that simvastatin inhibited the proliferation of SACC-83 cells in a dose-dependent (10 to 50 µM) and time-dependent (24 to 48 h) manner when compared with the untreated cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that simvastatin increased the percentage of cells in early and late apoptosis. Invasion assays revealed that simvastatin treatment inhibited the invasiveness of SACC-83 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, simvastatin downregulated survivin expression in SACC-83 cells. In conclusion, simvastatin significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of SACC-83 cells, induced apoptosis, and reduced the expression of survivin, which suggests that simvastatin may be a novel target for SACC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhuang
- School of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hu Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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22
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Maziak DE. Biology of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Tracheobronchial Tree and Principles of Management. Thorac Surg Clin 2018; 28:145-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Chahal M, Pleasance E, Grewal J, Zhao E, Ng T, Chapman E, Jones MR, Shen Y, Mungall KL, Bonakdar M, Taylor GA, Ma Y, Mungall AJ, Moore RA, Lim H, Renouf D, Yip S, Jones SJM, Marra MA, Laskin J. Personalized oncogenomic analysis of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma: using whole-genome sequencing to inform clinical decision-making. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:a002626. [PMID: 29610392 PMCID: PMC5880267 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Because of their slow growth and relative rarity, there is limited evidence for systemic therapy regimens. Recently, molecular profiling studies have begun to reveal the genetic landscape of these poorly understood cancers, and new treatment possibilities are beginning to emerge. The objective is to use whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing and analysis to better understand the genetic alterations underlying the pathology of metastatic and rare ACCs and determine potentially actionable therapeutic targets. We report five cases of metastatic ACC, not originating in the salivary glands, in patients enrolled in the Personalized Oncogenomics (POG) Program at the BC Cancer Agency. Genomic workup included whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing, detailed analysis of tumor alterations, and integration with existing knowledge of drug-target combinations to identify potential therapeutic targets. Analysis reveals low mutational burden in these five ACC cases, and mutation signatures that are commonly observed in multiple cancer types. Notably, the only recurrent structural aberration identified was the well-described MYB-NFIB fusion that was present in four of five cases, and one case exhibited a closely related MYBL1-NFIB fusion. Recurrent mutations were also identified in BAP1 and BCOR, with additional mutations in individual samples affecting NOTCH1 and the epigenetic regulators ARID2, SMARCA2, and SMARCB1. Copy changes were rare, and they included amplification of MYC and homozygous loss of CDKN2A in individual samples. Genomic analysis revealed therapeutic targets in all five cases and served to inform a therapeutic choice in three of the cases to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Chahal
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Erin Pleasance
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Jasleen Grewal
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Eric Zhao
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Tony Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Erin Chapman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Martin R Jones
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Melika Bonakdar
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Howard Lim
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Daniel Renouf
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
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Zhu X, Yu Y, Hou X, Xu J, Tan Z, Nie X, Ling Z, Ge M. Expression of PIM-1 in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma: Association with tumor progression and patients' prognosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1149-1156. [PMID: 29399171 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (PIM-1) phosphorylates a series of substrates to exert its oncogenic function in numerous malignancies. The present study investigated the clinical significance of the PIM-1 protein, apoptosis status and apoptosis-associated proteins, including forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and BCL-2-associted agonist of cell death (BAD), were investigated in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) tissues. PIM-1 expression levels in 4 pairs of ACC tissues and corresponding normal salivary gland tissues were determined by western blot analysis. PIM-1, FOXO3a, BAD and BCL-2 expression levels in 60 ACC tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay was performed to detect the apoptosis status of ACC tissues. PIM-1 was revealed to be highly expressed in ACC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. IHC staining results demonstrated high expression ratios of PIM-1, FOXO3a, BCL-2 and BAD [33.33% (20/60), 51.67% (31/60), 51.67% (31/60) and 55% (33/60)], respectively, and significant correlations between the expression of PIM-1 and FOXO3a and BCL-2 (P<0.05). Apoptotic rates were significantly associated with PIM-1, FOXO3a, BCL-2 and BAD expression levels (P<0.05). PIM-1 expression levels were significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node involvement, nerve invasion, distant metastasis and weakly associated with tumor node metastasis stage. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that PIM-1 expression level was significantly associated with disease-free survival of patients with ACC (P=0.009). Cox regression multivariate analysis results revealed that histotype, distant metastasis and apoptotic rate were independent prognosis factors for ACC. Assessment of PIM-1 may be useful in investigating the malignant behaviors of ACC and predicting the outcome of patients with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Yunfang Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Hou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Nie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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25
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Hu XM, Lin T, Huang XY, Gan RH, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Ding LC, Su BH, Zheng DL, Lu YG. ID1 contributes to cell growth invasion and migration in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8907-8915. [PMID: 29039489 PMCID: PMC5779972 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) exerts an oncogenic role in a number of tumors. In the present study, the role of ID1 in the growth, invasion and migration of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) cells was investigated. ID1 expression in clinical SACC samples was compared with that in normal salivary tissues using immunohistochemical staining, and the correlation between ID1 expression and clinical pathological characteristics was then determined. Subsequently, ID1 was overexpressed or silenced to investigate the effects of ID1 expression on SACC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. In addition, the gene expression levels of known ID1 target genes, including S100A9, CDKN2A and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to elucidate the potential mechanisms of ID1 in SACC. The results of the present study indicated that the protein expression levels of ID1 were significantly increased in the SACC tissues compared with that in the normal salivary tissues (P<0.001), and a positive correlation between ID1 expression and tumor stage (P=0.001), tumor invasion (P=0.002) and metastasis (P=0.019) in SACC was observed. Knockdown of ID1 in SACC cells significantly inhibited cell growth, invasion and migration (all P<0.01), whereas overexpression of ID1 promoted cell proliferation, invasion and migration (all P<0.01). The gene expression level of MMP1 was significantly reduced following ID1 knockdown in SACC-83 cells when compared with negative controls (P<0.05), whereas S100A9 and CDKN2A expression levels were significantly upregulated (both P<0.05). The results suggest that ID1 may regulate the growth, invasion and migration of SACC cells, and that MMP1, S100A9 and CDKN2A may serve as target genes of ID1 and mediate the effects of ID1 in SACC cells. Therefore, ID1 may present a potential target gene for the treatment of patients with SACC to inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Hu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Huan Gan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Can Ding
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Hua Su
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - You-Guang Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
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26
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Hazkani I, Motiei M, Betzer O, Sadan T, Bragilovski D, Lubimov L, Mizrachi A, Hadar T, Levi M, Ben-Aharon I, Haviv I, Popovtzer R, Popovtzer A. Can molecular profiling enhance radiotherapy? Impact of personalized targeted gold nanoparticles on radiosensitivity and imaging of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Theranostics 2017; 7:3962-3971. [PMID: 29109791 PMCID: PMC5667418 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized molecular profiling has an established role in selection of treatment for metastatic disease; however, its role in improving radiosensitivity and functional imaging has not been evaluated. In the current study, we examined molecular profiling as a tool for designing personalized targeted gold nanoparticles (GNP) to serve as dual-modal tumor radiosensitizers and functional imaging enhancers. To this end, molecular profiling of a patient's salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) was performed, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation was detected. The extracted tumor was subcutaneously injected into mice, which were then treated either with radiation, the specific ALK inhibitor crizotinib, or a combination of therapies. One of these combinations, namely, ALK-targeted GNP (via crizotinib coating), was found to enhance radiation treatment, as demonstrated by a significant decrease in tumor volume over 24 days. In parallel, ALK-targeted GNP substantially augmented tumor visualization via computed tomography. The mechanism of radiosensitivity enhancement was mostly related to a diminished cell repair mechanism in tumors, as demonstrated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining. These findings indicate that personalized molecular profiling is an effective technique for enhancing cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Hazkani
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Menachem Motiei
- Faculty of Engineering & The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Oshra Betzer
- Faculty of Engineering & The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tamar Sadan
- Faculty of Engineering & The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dimitri Bragilovski
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Leon Lubimov
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Aviram Mizrachi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Tuvia Hadar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Mattan Levi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Ben-Aharon
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Izhack Haviv
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering & The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aron Popovtzer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
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27
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Li J, Gao H, Meng L, Yin L. Mithramycin inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion by downregulating SP1 and SNAI1 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317708697. [PMID: 28631560 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317708697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mithramycin exhibits certain anticancer effects in glioma, metastatic cerebral carcinoma, malignant lymphoma, chorionic carcinoma and breast cancer. However, its effects on salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma remain unclear. Here, we report that mithramycin significantly inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines. The underlying mechanism for this activity was further demonstrated to involve decreasing the expression of the transcription factors specificity protein 1 and SNAI1. Specificity protein 1 is a pro-tumourigenic transcription factor that is overexpressed in SACC-LM and SACC-83 cells, and its expression is inhibited by mithramycin. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that specificity protein 1 induced SNAI1 transcription through direct binding to the SNAI1 promoter. In summary, this study uncovered the mechanism through which mithramycin inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines, namely, via downregulating specificity protein 1 and SNAI1 expression, which suggests mithramycin may be a promising therapeutic option for salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasu Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxu Meng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Yin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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28
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A case of palatal adenoid cystic carcinoma with late recurrence. BJGP Open 2017; 1:bjgpopen17X100785. [PMID: 30564658 PMCID: PMC6169946 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen17x100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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29
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de Souza LB, de Oliveira LC, Nonaka CFW, Lopes MLDDS, Pinto LP, Queiroz LMG. Immunoexpression of GLUT-1 and angiogenic index in pleomorphic adenomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, and mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the salivary glands. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:2549-2556. [PMID: 28299426 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunoexpression of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and angiogenic index between pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs), and mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) of the salivary glands, and establish associations with the respective subtype/histological grade. Twenty PAs, 20 ACCs, and 10 MECs were submitted to morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. GLUT-1 expression was semi-quantitatively evaluated and angiogenic index was assessed by microvessel counts using anti-CD34 antibody. Higher GLUT-1 immunoexpression was observed in the MECs compared to PAs and ACCs (p = 0.022). Mean number of microvessels was 66.5 in MECs, 40.4 in PAs, and 21.2 in ACCs (p < 0.001). GLUT-1 expression and angiogenic index showed no significant correlation in the tumors studied. Results suggest that differences in biological behavior of the studied tumors are related to GLUT-1. Benign and malignant salivary gland tumors differ in the angiogenic index; however, angiogenesis may be independent of the tumor cell's metabolic demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lélia Batista de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. .,Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Lucileide Castro de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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30
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Ouyang DQ, Liang LZ, Ke ZF, Zheng GS, Weng DS, Yang WF, Su YX, Liao GQ. Association between high expression of phosphorylated Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin and improved survival in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Head Neck 2017; 39:1145-1154. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dai-qiao Ouyang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Li-zhong Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai Guangdong China
| | - Zun-fu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Guang-sen Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - De-sheng Weng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Wei-fa Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Yu-xiong Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Gui-qing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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31
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Kim Y, Lee SJ, Lee JY, Lee SH, Sun JM, Park K, An HJ, Cho JY, Kang EJ, Lee HY, Kim J, Keam B, Kim HR, Lee KE, Choi MY, Lee KH, Ahn MJ. Clinical trial of nintedanib in patients with recurrent or metastatic salivary gland cancer of the head and neck: A multicenter phase 2 study (Korean Cancer Study Group HN14-01). Cancer 2017; 123:1958-1964. [PMID: 28102887 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary gland cancers (SGCs) are uncommon and account for less than 5% of all head and neck cancers, but they are histologically heterogeneous. No specific therapy, including targeted agents, has consistently improved clinical outcomes in recurrent/metastatic SGC. Recent studies suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) play important roles in SGC. Nintedanib is a potent small-molecule, triple-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 [FGFR1], FGFR2, and FGFR3; and PDGFRα and PDGFRß). This study sought to determine the antitumor activity of nintedanib in patients with recurrent or metastatic SGC. METHODS This open-label, multicenter, phase 2, single-arm study was conducted at 11 hospitals in South Korea. Patients with pathologically confirmed recurrent and/or metastatic SGC for whom at least 1 line of systemic chemotherapy had failed were enrolled. Nintedanib was given orally at 200 mg twice a day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was the response rate. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall survival, toxicity, and the disease-control rate. The Simon 2-stage minimax design was used. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 54 years, 60% were female, and 95% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. The majority of the patients had adenoid cystic carcinoma (65%), and 40% received at least 2 prior rounds of chemotherapy. After 20 patients were enrolled, the study was stopped because no responders were observed at stage I. There were no partial responses, but the disease-control rate was 75% (15 of 20). The median duration of stable disease was 8.2 months (range, 1.76-12.36 months). At the time of the data cutoff, with a median follow-up of 9.5 months, the median overall survival had not been reached, and the progression-free survival rate at 6 months was 60% (95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.79). Grade 3 adverse events included liver enzyme elevation (25%) and nausea/vomiting (5%). Four patients who required a dose reduction because of a grade 3 liver enzyme elevation showed no further grade 3 events. CONCLUSIONS Single-agent nintedanib did not yield a partial response but did achieve a 75% disease-control rate with long-term stabilization in SGC patients. Because of the high rate and long duration of disease control with a good safety profile, further investigation is warranted. Cancer 2017;123:1958-1964. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jung An
- St Vincent's Hospital, Catholic University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Cho
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Young Lee
- Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Ki Hyeong Lee
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Garber ST, Khoury L, Bell D, Schomer DF, Janku F, McCutcheon IE. Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Mimicking Butterfly Glioblastoma: A Rare Presentation in the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum. World Neurosurg 2016; 95:621.e13-621.e19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
In continuation with the previous review on “β-catenin in health”, in this review we discuss the role of β-catenin in the pathogenesis of common oral lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region- oral potentially malignant disorders, their progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma, salivary gland tumors and odontogenic tumours. This review is based on a pubmed search of all the lesions included in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Prakash
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Uma Swaminathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B R Nagamalini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Balkuntla Krishnamurthy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Sridharan V, Gjini E, Liao X, Chau NG, Haddad RI, Severgnini M, Hammerman P, El-Naggar A, Freeman GJ, Hodi FS, Rodig SJ, Dranoff G, Schoenfeld JD. Immune Profiling of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: PD-L2 Expression and Associations with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:679-87. [PMID: 27312343 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is among the most lethal salivary gland tumors, with no treatments for metastatic disease that prolong survival. We examined tissue from 28 primary and metastatic ACC deposits obtained from 21 patients for infiltrating immune cells and PD-L1/PD-L2 expression and determined mRNA profiles of over 1,400 oncogenic and immune-related genes. We also assessed the effect of chemoradiation on immune mediators in a patient who had serial biopsies available. Most tumors expressed PD-L2 but had few infiltrating immune cells. Lack of immune-cell infiltrate was associated with expression of genes in the β-catenin/Wnt and PI3K pathways. Additionally, certain transcripts linked to growth and invasion were differentially expressed among primary and metastatic deposits. Chemoradiation appeared to increase CD8(+) effector T cells, decrease regulatory T cells, and promote a systemic humoral response. These data suggest a potential role for PD-L2 inhibition and immune modulation as treatment for patients with ACC. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(8); 679-87. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajith Sridharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evisa Gjini
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole G Chau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert I Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mariano Severgnini
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adel El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Jiang Y, Feng X, Zheng L, Li SL, Ge XY, Zhang JG. Thioredoxin 1 mediates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25506-19. [PMID: 26325518 PMCID: PMC4694848 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) which is characterized by wide local infiltration, perineural spread, a propensity to local recurrence and late distant metastasis. Our recent studies have disclosed that TGF-β is a crucial factor for EMT in metastatic SACC. In this study, we further uncovered small redox protein thioredoxin 1 (TXN) as a critical mediator of TGF-β induced EMT. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed significantly higher expressions of TXN, thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and N-cadherin, and lower expression of E-cadherin in human metastatic SACC compared to non-metastatic SACC tissues. Consistently, cultured SACC cells with stable TXN overexpression had decreased E-cadherin and increased N-cadherin as well as Snail and Slug expressions. The enhanced migration and invasion potential of these cells was abrogated by Akt or TXNRD1 inhibitors. Expression of N-cadherin and Akt p-Akt decreased, whereas E-cadherin expression increased in a BBSKE (TXNRD1 inhibitor)-dose-dependent manner. In a xenograft mouse model, TXN overexpression facilitated the metastatic potential of SACC-83 cells to the lung. Our results indicate that TXN plays a key role in SACC invasion and metastasis through the modulation of TGF-β-Akt/GSK-3β on EMT. TXN could be a potential therapeutic target for SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Sheng-Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xi-Yuan Ge
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Zhao L, Jiang L, Du P, Zhang D, Liu Z, Li K, Zhang B. Expression of SKA1 and MMP-9 in primary salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: Correlation with tumor progression and patient prognosis. Acta Otolaryngol 2016; 136:575-9. [PMID: 26881872 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2016.1142117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Conclusion The spindle and kinetochore-associated complex sub unit 1(SKA1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are highly expressed in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), and SKA1 may be the novel, promising prognostic factor for clinical outcomes in head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma patients. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the expression of SKA1 and MMP-9 in SACC tissues and the clinical significance. Methods SKA1 and MMP-9 expression in samples from 42 cases of SACC and 20 subjects with the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemical analysis. Results The positive rate of SKA1 and MMP-9 staining was 78.6% and 66.7% in SACC, respectively, significantly higher than in normal salivary gland tissues (p < 0.001). Chi-square test showed that there was no significant correlation between SKA1 expression and MMP-9 expression in SACC tissues. However, SKA1 and MMP-9 expression was positively associated with advanced stage and solid histological pattern of SACC (p < 0.05). In addition, SKA1 and MMP-9 expression was positively associated with recurrence and perineural invasion, and survival time, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, PR China
| | - Licheng Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Pinggong Du
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, PR China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Zhonghao Liu
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, PR China
| | - Keyi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, PR China
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Ling S, Rettig EM, Tan M, Chang X, Wang Z, Brait M, Bishop JA, Fertig EJ, Considine M, Wick MJ, Ha PK. Identification of methylated genes in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma xenografts using global demethylation and methylation microarray screening. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:225-34. [PMID: 27212063 PMCID: PMC4902070 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare head and neck malignancy without molecular biomarkers that can be used to predict the chemotherapeutic response or prognosis of ACC. The regulation of gene expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) through DNA promoter methylation may play a role in the carcinogenesis of ACC. To identify differentially methylated genes in ACC, a global demethylating agent, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) was utilized to unmask putative TSG silencing in ACC xenograft models in mice. Fresh xenografts were passaged, implanted in triplicate in mice that were treated with 5-AZA daily for 28 days. These xenografts were then evaluated for genome-wide DNA methylation patterns using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip array. Validation of the 32 candidate genes was performed by bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq) in a separate cohort of 6 ACC primary tumors and 6 normal control salivary gland tissues. Hypermethylation was identified in the HCN2 gene promoter in all 6 control tissues, but hypomethylation was found in all 6 ACC tumor tissues. Quantitative validation of HCN2 promoter methylation level in the region detected by BS-seq was performed in a larger cohort of primary tumors (n=32) confirming significant HCN2 hypomethylation in ACCs compared with normal samples (n=10; P=0.04). HCN2 immunohistochemical staining was performed on an ACC tissue microarray. HCN2 staining intensity and H-score, but not percentage of the positively stained cells, were significantly stronger in normal tissues than those of ACC tissues. With our novel screening and sequencing methods, we identified several gene candidates that were methylated. The most significant of these genes, HCN2, was actually hypomethylated in tumors. However, promoter methylation status does not appear to be a major determinant of HCN2 expression in normal and ACC tissues. HCN2 hypomethylation is a biomarker of ACC and may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhang Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Eleni M Rettig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mariana Brait
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael Considine
- Department of Oncology Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael J Wick
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), Preclinical Research, 4383 Medical Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Patrick K Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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38
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Rettig EM, Talbot CC, Sausen M, Jones S, Bishop JA, Wood LD, Tokheim C, Niknafs N, Karchin R, Fertig EJ, Wheelan SJ, Marchionni L, Considine M, Ling S, Fakhry C, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Ha PK, Agrawal N. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:265-74. [PMID: 26862087 PMCID: PMC4818686 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) of the salivary glands are challenging to understand, treat, and cure. To better understand the genetic alterations underlying the pathogenesis of these tumors, we performed comprehensive genome analyses of 25 fresh-frozen tumors, including whole-genome sequencing and expression and pathway analyses. In addition to the well-described MYB-NFIB fusion that was found in 11 tumors (44%), we observed five different rearrangements involving the NFIB transcription factor gene in seven tumors (28%). Taken together, NFIB translocations occurred in 15 of 25 samples (60%, 95% CI, 41%-77%). In addition, mRNA expression analysis of 17 tumors revealed overexpression of NFIB in ACC tumors compared with normal tissues (P = 0.002). There was no difference in NFIB mRNA expression in tumors with NFIB fusions compared with those without. We also report somatic mutations of genes involved in the axonal guidance and Rho family signaling pathways. Finally, we confirm previously described alterations in genes related to chromatin regulation and Notch signaling. Our findings suggest a separate role for NFIB in ACC oncogenesis and highlight important signaling pathways for future functional characterization and potential therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni M Rettig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Sausen
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sian Jones
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Collin Tokheim
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noushin Niknafs
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rachel Karchin
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Wheelan
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Considine
- Department of Oncology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Milton J. Dance Jr. Head and Neck Cancer Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Patrick K Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Milton J. Dance Jr. Head and Neck Cancer Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois States.
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Liu H, Du L, Wang R, Wei C, Liu B, Zhu L, Liu P, Liu Q, Li J, Lu SL, Xiao J. High frequency of loss of PTEN expression in human solid salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and its implication for targeted therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11477-91. [PMID: 25909167 PMCID: PMC4484470 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumor (SGT) is one of the least studied cancers due to its rarity and heterogeneous histological types. Here, we reported that loss of PTEN expression was most frequently found in the poorly differentiated, high grade solid adenoid cystic carcinomas. Loss of PTEN expression correlated with activation of mTOR by increased phosphorylated S6 ribosome protein. We further functionally studied the role of PTEN in a pair of human SACC cell lines, SACC-83 and SACC-LM. Reduced PTEN level was correlated with the metastasis potential. When we knocked down PTEN in the SACC-83 cell line, we observed increased proliferation and enhanced migration/invasion in vitro, and increased tumor size in vivo. We further tested the therapeutical effect by applying a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 to both SACC cell lines. Decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, as well as reduced cell migration/invasion were observed in both cell lines upon the NVP-BEZ235 treatment. Moreover, the NVP-BEZ235 treatment in a SGT xenograft mouse model significantly reduced primary tumor size and lung metastasis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that PTEN is a potent tumor suppressor in human SGTs, and targeting PI3K/mTOR pathway may be effective in the targeted therapy for human SGT patients with loss of PTEN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pixu Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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40
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Yin LX, Ha PK. Genetic alterations in salivary gland cancers. Cancer 2016; 122:1822-31. [PMID: 26928905 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland cancers are an incredibly heterogeneous group of tumors that include 24 histologically distinct tumor types. The use of new genetic methods has paved the way for promising advancements in our understanding of the molecular biology underlying each type of tumor. The objective of this review was to highlight common oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and cytogenetic and epigenetic changes associated with the most common tumor types: mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, salivary duct carcinoma, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, and acinic cell carcinoma. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of each cancer subtype have helped better define and classify these tumors. Further research in salivary gland cancers should focus on determining the key genes involved in the tumorigenesis of each distinct malignancy and identifying individualized chemotherapies directed at these targets. Cancer 2016;122:1822-31. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda X Yin
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick K Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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41
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Jiang LH, Ge MH, Hou XX, Cao J, Hu SS, Lu XX, Han J, Wu YC, Liu X, Zhu X, Hong LL, Li P, Ling ZQ. miR-21 regulates tumor progression through the miR-21-PDCD4-Stat3 pathway in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1398-408. [PMID: 26367487 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-21, which is a putative tumor onco-miR and frequently overexpressed microRNA in various tumors, has been linked to tumor progression through targeting of tumor-suppressor genes. In this study, we sought to determine whether miR-21 has any role on tumor progression of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and the possible mechanisms. We found that the level of miR-21 expression was significantly higher in SACC than that in normal salivary tissues, and it is also higher in tumors with metastasis than that without metastasis. Using an anti-miR-21 inhibitor in an in vitro model, downregulation of miR-21 significantly decreased the capacity of invasion and migration of SACC cells, whereas a pre-miR-21 increased the capacity of invasion and migration of SACC cells. To explore the potential mechanisms by which miR-21 regulate invasion and migration, we identified one direct miR-21 target gene, programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), which has been implicated in invasion and metastasis. The suppression of miR-21 in metastatic SACC-LM cells significantly increased the report activity of PDCD4 promoter and the expression of PDCD4 protein. This subsequently resulted in downregulation of the p-STAT3 protein. The level of miR-21 expression positively related to the expression of PDCD4 protein and negatively related to the expression of p-STAT3 protein in SACC specimens, respectively, indicating the potential role of the STAT3-miR-21-PDCD4 pathway in these tumors. Dysregulation of miR-21 has an important role in tumor growth and invasion by targeting PDCD4. Therefore, suppression of miR-21 may provide a potential approach for the treatment of advanced SACC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie-Hao Jiang
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China.,Department of Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Hou
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China.,Department of Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China.,Department of Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Si Hu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China.,Department of Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China.,Department of Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Han
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Lian-Lian Hong
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310022, China
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42
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Notch2 signaling contributes to cell growth, invasion, and migration in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:135-41. [PMID: 26427670 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have explored whether the Notch signaling pathway has a tumor-suppressive or an oncogenic role in various tumors; however, the role of the Notch signaling pathway in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is still unknown. In this study, we attempt to define the role of Notch2 signaling in cell growth, invasion, and migration in SACC. We compared Notch2 expression in clinical SACC samples with that of normal samples by using immunohistochemical staining. Then, we down-regulated Notch2 expression to observe the effect of Notch2 on proliferation, invasion, migration, and the expression of known target genes of Notch signal pathway. According to our results, Notch2 expression was higher in SACC tissues compared with normal tissues. Knockdown of Notch2 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and down-regulated the expression of HEY2 and CCND1. The results of this study suggest that Notch2 has an essential role in the cell growth, invasion, and migration of SACC. Notch2 may therefore be a potential target gene for the treatment of SACC by interfering with cell growth and metastasis.
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43
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Park S, Nam SJ, Keam B, Kim TM, Jeon YK, Lee SH, Hah JH, Kwon TK, Kim DW, Sung MW, Heo DS, Bang YJ. VEGF and Ki-67 Overexpression in Predicting Poor Overall Survival in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 48:518-26. [PMID: 26194375 PMCID: PMC4843710 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2015.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential prognostic factors in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Materials and Methods A total of 68 patients who underwent curative surgery and had available tissue were enrolled in this study. Their medical records and pathologic slides were reviewed and immunohistochemistry for basic fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 2, FGFR3, c-kit, Myb proto-oncogene protein, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Ki-67 was performed. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed for determination of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results In univariate analyses, primary site of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus (p=0.022) and Ki-67 expression of more than 7% (p=0.001) were statistically significant factors for poor DFS. Regarding OS, perineural invasion (p=0.032), high expression of VEGF (p=0.033), and high expression of Ki-67 (p=0.007) were poor prognostic factors. In multivariate analyses, primary site of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus (p=0.028) and high expression of Ki-67 (p=0.004) were independent risk factors for poor DFS, and high expression of VEGF (p=0.011) and Ki-67 (p=0.011) showed independent association with poor OS. Conclusion High expression of VEGF and Ki-67 were independent poor prognostic factors for OS in ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Nam
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,The Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Hun Hah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tack-Kyun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Whun Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hsu AAL, Tan EH, Takano AMP. Lower Respiratory Tract Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Its Management in the Past Decades. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2015; 27:732-40. [PMID: 26160258 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lower respiratory tract is a rare indolent neoplasm with prolonged survival, propensity for recurrences and metastasis years after initial therapy. We aim to study a 1,700-bed single tertiary academic hospital's long-term experience with ACC of the lower respiratory tract from the larynx to the lungs and review published literature on this subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed the clinicopathology, treatment options and outcome in 33 patients and reviewed the published literature over the last five decades. RESULTS The tumour has no gender predilection, a peak incidence in the fifth decade and is not related to smoking. Insidious symptoms are often treated as benign obstructive airway disease and infection; negative signs and normal chest X-rays delayed diagnosis. The tumour was distributed most commonly in the trachea followed by main bronchi, lobar bronchi and larynx. About 22% of patients required emergent bronchoscopic intervention to secure airway patency before definitive therapy with surgery or/and radiotherapy. A high proportion of resected specimens had positive margins. Overall survival and disease-free survival rates at 5 years were 81 and 62%, respectively, and at 10 years 70 and 54%, respectively. Prolonged good palliation was achieved for patients with unresectable lesions with radiation and wide armamentarium of endoscopic therapy. CONCLUSIONS In time, many patients eventually succumb to this disease. However, advances in medical skill and technology have prolonged survival while maintaining a good quality of life. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the respiratory tract is a chronic life-long disease that may require interval intensive therapy. The challenge is to find the best therapeutic regimen aiming for a 'true' cure. Further study on the mutational landscape of adenoid cystic carcinoma may provide potential avenues for novel treatments to address a chemoresistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A L Hsu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
| | - E H Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, SingHealth, Singapore
| | - A M P Takano
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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45
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Rettig EM, Tan M, Ling S, Yonescu R, Bishop JA, Fakhry C, Ha PK. MYB rearrangement and clinicopathologic characteristics in head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2015; 125:E292-9. [PMID: 25963073 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is rare, aggressive, and challenging to treat. Many ACCs have a t(6;9) chromosomal translocation resulting in a MYB-NFIB fusion gene, but the clinical significance is unclear. The purposes of this study were to describe the clinicopathologic factors impacting survival and to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of MYB-NFIB fusion. STUDY DESIGN Case series. METHODS Medical records of patients treated for ACC of the head and neck from 1974 to 2011 were reviewed and clinicopathologic data recorded. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect MYB rearrangement in archival tumor tissue as a marker of MYB-NFIB fusion. RESULTS One hundred fifty-eight patients were included, with median follow-up 75.1 months. Median overall survival was 171.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 131.9-191.6), and median disease-free survival was 112.0 months (95% CI = 88.7-180.4). Advanced stage was associated with decreased overall survival (adjusted ptrend < 0.001), and positive margins were associated with decreased disease-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 8.80, 95% CI = 1.25-62.12, P = 0.029). Ninety-one tumors were evaluable using FISH, and 59 (65%) had evidence of a MYB-NFIB fusion. MYB-NFIB positive tumors were more likely than MYB-NFIB negative tumors to originate in minor salivary glands (adjusted prevalence ratios = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.07-2.12, P = 0.019). MYB-NFIB tumor status was not significantly associated with disease-free or overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.77-3.02, P = 0.22 and HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.46-1.83, P = 0.80, respectively, for MYB-NFIB positive compared with MYB-NFIB negative tumors). CONCLUSION Stage and margin status were important prognostic factors for ACC. Tumors with evidence of MYB-NFIB fusion were more likely to originate in minor salivary glands, but MYB-NFIB tumor status was not significantly associated with prognosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | - Raluca Yonescu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.,Milton J. Dance Jr. Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Patrick K Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.,Milton J. Dance Jr. Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center
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46
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Coca-Pelaz A, Rodrigo JP, Bradley PJ, Vander Poorten V, Triantafyllou A, Hunt JL, Strojan P, Rinaldo A, Haigentz M, Takes RP, Mondin V, Teymoortash A, Thompson LDR, Ferlito A. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck--An update. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:652-61. [PMID: 25943783 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an update on the current understanding of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck, including a review of its epidemiology, clinical behavior, pathology, molecular biology, diagnostic workup, treatment and prognosis. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is an uncommon salivary gland tumor that may arise in a wide variety of anatomical sites in the head and neck, often with an advanced stage at diagnosis. The clinical course is characterized by very late recurrences; consequently, clinical follow-up should extend at least >15 years. The optimal treatment is generally considered to be surgery with postoperative radiotherapy to optimize local disease control. Much effort has been invested into understanding the tumor's molecular biological processes, aiming to identify patients at high risk of recurrence, in hopes that they could benefit from other, still unproven treatment modalities such as chemotherapy or biological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Coca-Pelaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patrick J Bradley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK; European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland; Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jennifer L Hunt
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Missak Haigentz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vanni Mondin
- University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
| | - Afshin Teymoortash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lester D R Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills, CA, USA
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy.
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47
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Zhu X, Xu JJ, Hu SS, Feng JG, Jiang LH, Hou XX, Cao J, Han J, Ling ZQ, Ge MH. Pim-1 acts as an oncogene in human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:114. [PMID: 25551195 PMCID: PMC4304190 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Pim-1 (Provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1) belongs to the Ser/Thr kinase family and plays a pivotal role in occurrence and development of oncogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that Pim-1 phosphorylates RUNX3 and alters its subcellular localization. However, few studies have concerned the implications of Pim-1 in the salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). In this study, we aimed to clarify the function of Pim-1 in ACC in vitro. Meanwhile, we measured the levels of Pim-1 and RUNX3 in the ACC tissues. The correlations between Pim-1/RUNX3 levels and clinical parameters were also analyzed. Methods SACC-83 and SACC-LM cells were transfected with the Pim-1 siRNA. Pim-1 mRNA and protein expression were measured using real-time PCR and immnuoblot, respectively. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Effects of Pim-1 on cells’ invasion were evaluated by transwell migration assay. Pim-1 and RUNX3 levels in ACC tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results Pim-1 siRNA reduces cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, causes cell cycle arrest through cell cycle related proteins (Cyclin D1 and CDK4), mitochondrial depolarization, and decreases invasive ability in SACC-83 and SACC-LM cells. Pim-1 and RUNX3 levels are significantly relevant and associated with T-stage and nerve invasion in the ACC tissues. Conclusions This study demonstrates the oncogenic role of Pim-1 in ACC. The findings also suggest that Pim-1 may serve as a neoteric therapeutic target and potential prognostic marker for ACC cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jia-jie Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Si-si Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jian-guo Feng
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lie-hao Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiu-xiu Hou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ming-hua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
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48
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Fatty Acid binding protein 7 is a molecular marker in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: implications for clinical significance. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:780-7. [PMID: 25500088 PMCID: PMC4311037 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands. Its diagnosis is difficult due to overlapping features with other salivary tumors. Gene expression analysis may complement traditional diagnostic methods. We searched gene expression patterns in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and in our tumor and normal samples. The biologic and prognostic potential of the identified genes was analyzed. The GEO data set of primary xenografted ACCs revealed that expression of five genes, engrailed homeobox 1 (EN1), fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), hemoglobin epsilon 1, MYB, and versican (VCAN), was dramatically increased. mRNA expression of EN1, FABP7, MYB, and VCAN distinguished our sporadic ACCs from normal tissues and benign tumors. FABP7 expression appeared to be regulated differently from EN1 and MYB and was crossly correlated with poor prognosis in our ACC cohort. Immunohistochemistry showed that FABP7 protein was predominantly expressed in the nucleus of myoepithelial cells of both tubular and cribriform subtypes. In contrast, in the solid subtype, which is often associated with a lower survival rate, FABP7 protein was uniformly expressed in cancerous cells. One case with cribriform architecture and the highest level of FABP7 mRNA showed strong FABP7 staining in both duct-type epithelial and myoepithelial cells, suggesting that diffuse expression of FABP7 protein might be related to aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis. We propose FABP7 as a novel biomarker in ACC. The molecule may be useful in diagnosis and for identifying more effective therapies targeting this protein or upstream molecules that regulate it.
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Phuchareon J, van Zante A, Overdevest JB, McCormick F, Eisele DW, Tetsu O. c-Kit Expression is Rate-Limiting for Stem Cell Factor-Mediated Disease Progression in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:537-45. [PMID: 25389449 PMCID: PMC4225653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands in which c-Kit is overexpressed and activated, although the mechanism for this is as yet unclear. We analyzed 27 sporadic ACC tumor specimens to examine the biologic and clinical significance of c-Kit activation. Mutational analysis revealed expression of wild-type c-Kit in all, eliminating gene mutation as a cause of activation. Because stem cell factor (SCF) is c-Kit's sole ligand, we analyzed its expression in the tumor cells and their environment. Immunohistochemistry revealed its presence in c-Kit–positive tumor cells, suggesting an activation of autocrine signaling. We observed a significant induction of ERK1/2 in the cells. SCF staining was also found in other types of non-cancerous cells adjacent to tumors within salivary glands, including stromal fibroblasts, neutrophils, peripheral nerve, skeletal muscle, vascular endothelial cells, mucous acinar cells, and intercalated ducts. Quantitative PCR showed that the top quartile of c-Kit mRNA expression distinguished ACCs from normal salivary tissues and was cross-correlated with short-term poor prognosis. Expression levels of SCF and c-Kit were highly correlated in the cases with perineural invasion. These observations suggest that c-Kit is potentially activated by receptor dimerization upon stimulation by SCF in ACC, and that the highest quartile of c-Kit mRNA expression could be a predictor of poor prognosis. Our findings may support an avenue for c-Kit-targeted therapy to improve disease control in ACC patients harboring the top quartile of c-Kit mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janyaporn Phuchareon
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA ; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Annemieke van Zante
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jonathan B Overdevest
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Frank McCormick
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - David W Eisele
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA ; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Osamu Tetsu
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA ; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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50
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O’Connor R, Mitchell DA, Brennan PA. Focused review of investigation, management and outcomes of salivary gland disease in specialty-specific journals. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 52:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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