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Oberholtzer N, Mills S, Mehta S, Chakraborty P, Mehrotra S. Role of antioxidants in modulating anti-tumor T cell immune resposne. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 162:99-124. [PMID: 39069371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
It has been well established that in addition to oxygen's vital in cellular respiration, a disruption of oxygen balance can lead to increased stress and oxidative injury. Similarly, reduced oxygen during tumor proliferation and invasion generates a hypoxic tumor microenvironment, resulting in dysfunction of immune cells and providing a conducive milieu for tumors to adapt and grow. Strategies to improve the persistence tumor reactive T cells in the highly oxidative tumor environment are being pursued for enhancing immunotherapy outcomes. To this end, we have focused on various strategies that can help increase or maintain the antioxidant capacity of T cells, thus reducing their susceptibility to oxidative stress/damage. Herein we lay out an overview on the role of oxygen in T cell signaling and how pathways regulating oxidative stress or antioxidant signaling can be targeted to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Oberholtzer
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stephanie Mills
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shubham Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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2
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Hassan NH, Yousef DM, Alsemeh AE. Hesperidin protects against aluminum-induced renal injury in rats via modulating MMP-9 and apoptosis: biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36208-36227. [PMID: 36547838 PMCID: PMC10039835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum, one of the most abundant metallic elements, is known to be toxic to multiple organs including the kidneys. This study aimed to investigate the pleiotropic nephroprotective effects of Hesperidin in aluminum chloride (ALCL3)-induced renal injury, highlighting the potential molecular mechanisms underlying. Twenty-four male albino rats were divided into four groups: control, Hesperidin (80 mg/kg BW, orally), ALCL3 (10 mg/kg BW, IP), and ALCL3 + Hesperidin groups. By the end of the study, blood samples were collected, and tissue samples were harvested at sacrifice. ALCL3 rats showed dramatically declined renal function, enhanced intrarenal oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and extravagant renal histopathological damage with interstitial fibrosis as shown by a higher Endothelial, Glomerular, Tubular, and Interstitial (EGTI) score. Hesperidin significantly reversed all the aforementioned detrimental effects in ALCL3-treated rats. The study verified the nephroprotective effects of Hesperidin on ALCL3-induced renal damage and confirmed the critical role of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and apoptosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Husseiny Hassan
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Doaa Mohammed Yousef
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
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3
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Meng Z, Liao Y, Peng Z, Zhou X, Zhou H, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Yang W. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Deoxynivalenol-Induced Mice Liver Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030588. [PMID: 36978835 PMCID: PMC10045494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a kind of Fusarium toxin that can cause a variety of toxic effects. DON is mainly metabolized and detoxified by the liver. When the concentration of DON exceeds the metabolic capacity of the liver, it will trigger acute or chronic damage to the liver tissue. Previous studies demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem-cell-secreted exosomes (BMSC-exos) reduce liver injury. Therefore, we issue a hypothesis that in vitro-cultured rat BMSC-secreted exos could ameliorate liver damage after 2 mg/kg bw/day of DON exposure. In total, 144 lipids were identified in BMEC-exos, including high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels. BMSC-exos treatment alleviated liver pathological changes and decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and lipid peroxidation. Otherwise, low or high BMSC-exos treatment obviously changes DON-induced hepatic oxylipin patterns. According to the results from our correlation network analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis, the top 10% oxidized lipids can be classified into two categories: one that was positively correlated with copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and another that was positively correlated with liver injury indicators. Altogether, BMSC-exos administration maintained normal liver function and reduced oxidative damage in liver tissue. Moreover, it could also significantly change the oxylipin profiles under DON conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Andreas K. Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-83650522
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4
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Sheng W, Zhang X, Yu M, Jin M, Li N, Sun C, Wang L, Xia Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Liu K. A novel cell membrane-targeting fluorescent probe for imaging endogenous/exogenous formaldehyde in live cells and zebrafish. Analyst 2021; 146:7554-7562. [PMID: 34779444 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01669e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA), an economically important chemical, has become a global pollutant and poses a threat to human health. As a kind of reactive carbonyl species, the abnormal production and degradation of FA in cells are related to many diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect FA on the cell membrane and identify the internal and external sources of FA to analyse the causes of FA-induced physiological and pathological changes. In this work, a novel fluorescent probe Mem-FA was constructed by combining a dodecyl chain to target the cell membrane. Based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET), the probe relies on hydrazine as the receptor for FA recognition. Through this mechanism, the probe can detect FA sensitively, selectively and quantitatively. In addition, the probe Mem-FA can detect FA in vivo, especially the endogenous FA produced by tetrahydrofolate in a one-carbon cycle. More importantly, the probe Mem-FA can sensitively detect and distinguish the internal and external sources of FA on the cell membrane. Therefore, Mem-FA is capable of specifically tracing the fluctuations of FA-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Miaohui Yu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
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5
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Sundaram R, Muthu K, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P. Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of catechol derivatives and biflavonoid isolated from Semecarpus anacardium seeds. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:123-131. [PMID: 34433383 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1973170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (Family: Anacardiaceae), commonly known marking nuts has been used in various traditional system of medicines for various ailments (such as antiatherogenic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic etc) since ancient times.Based on the wide pharmacological activities of this plant, the present study was aimed to explore the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic potential in high fat diet fed rats using catechol derivatives I-IV and biflavonoid isolated from seeds of Semecarpus anacardium. Oral administration of catechol derivatives I-IV and biflavonoid at a concentration of 50 mg/kg b.wt to high fat diet fed rats for a period of 30 days significantly decreased the lipid profiles, body weight gain and organ weight when compared to untreated hypercholesterolemic rats. However, biflavonoid treated hypercholesterolemic rats showed more pronounced effects in all the parameters tested when compared to all catechol derivatives (I-IV) treated hypercholesterolemic rats. The effect produced by biflavonoid on various parameters was comparable to that of simvastastin- a standard drug. In vitro antioxidant activities were also conducted using these five compounds in which biflavonoid showed more significant antioxidant potential at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml when compared to catechol derivatives (I-IV). The pronounced antioxidant potential of biflavonoid might have contributed to the hypolipidemic action in hypercholesterolemic rats and improved oil red O staining of thoracic aorta has also supported the parameters investigated. Further, the molecular mechanism of cholesterol lowering potential of this drug is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Sundaram
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALMPG, IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India.,Central Research Laboratory Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Karuppiah Muthu
- Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Palanivelu Shanthi
- Department of Pathology, Dr. ALMPG, IBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Panchanatham Sachdanandam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALMPG, IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
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6
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Cojocariu RO, Balmus IM, Lefter R, Ababei DC, Ciobica A, Hritcu L, Kamal F, Doroftei B. Behavioral and Oxidative Stress Changes in Mice Subjected to Combinations of Multiple Stressors Relevant to Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110865. [PMID: 33212821 PMCID: PMC7698185 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a well-known functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder exhibiting a wide range of symptoms due to individual variability and multifactorial etiology. Stress exposure is a major risk factor for the development of IBS. Here, we investigate the differential effects of psychological stress exposures on behavior and oxidative status in mice by using increasingly complex combinations of etiologic IBS-relevant stressors (maternal separation and chronic unpredictable mild stress combinations). Materials and Methods: Mice were subjected to three different combinations of psychological stress factors and subsequent behavioral cognitive and affective parameters and oxidative status markers (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant activity and malondialdehyde level) in the brain and bowel tissues of the animals were analyzed. Results: GI transit modifications reflected by decreased fecal output, cognitive and affective behavioral deficits were observed in all stress exposed groups, but were more evident for the more complex combinations of stressors. Behavioral deficits were accompanied by mild oxidative stress occurring in the bowel and to a greater extent in brain tissue. Conclusions: The presented data depict the effect of various associations in mimicking IBS symptoms and comorbidities and suggest that an all-inclusive combination of early and adult-life psychological stressors is more effective in IBS symptoms modulation. Oxidative stress in both brain and bowel, suggestive for brain-gut molecular connectivity, may play an important role in IBS mechanistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Oana Cojocariu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ioana Miruna Balmus
- Department of Interdisciplinary Research in Science, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, no. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 8th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Daniela Carmen Ababei
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16th Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (L.H.)
| | - Luminita Hritcu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciencies and Veterinary Medicine “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” of Iasi, 3rd Mihail Sadoveanu, 700490 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (L.H.)
| | - Fatimazahra Kamal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology Settat, University of Hasan I, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16th University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Origyn Fertility Center, Human Reproduction, Palace Street, No. 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
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7
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Nada A, Hawas A, Abd Elmageed Z, Amin N. Protective value of Aloe vera extract against γ-irradiation-induced some biochemical disorders in rats. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Nada
- Radiation Drug Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT) Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A.M. Hawas
- Radiation Drug Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT) Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Z.Y. Abd Elmageed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Urology and Oncology, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - N.E. Amin
- Radiation Drug Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT) Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Zaidi SK, Ansari SA, Tabrez S, Naseer MI, Shahwan MJ, Banu N, Al-Qahtani MH. Antioxidant Potential of Solanum nigrum Aqueous Leaves Extract in Modulating Restraint Stress-Induced Changes in Rat's Liver. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:60-68. [PMID: 30906141 PMCID: PMC6394153 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_58_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of crude extract of Solanum nigrum leaves and its active constituents as treatment against restraint stress in rat’s liver. Methods: For this purpose, male albino Wistar rats were treated with crude extract of leaves and its alkaloid and flavonoid fractions both before and after 6 h of acute restraint stress. Prooxidant status of rat liver was assessed by determining the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Results: Six hours of restraint stress generated oxidative stress in rat’s liver resulted in a significant rise in the level of the aforementioned liver enzymes. On the other hand, SOD, CAT, and GST enzymatic activities showed a significant decline in their level. The administration of crude leaves extract, both before and after stress exposure, significantly prevented the rise in the level of liver enzymes and reverted the activities of studied biochemical parameters toward their normal control values. However, the reversion was found to be more prominent in after-stress group. Conclusion: The aforementioned results highlight the significant antioxidant potential of S. nigrum extracts. On the basis of our study, we suggest the possible use of S. nigrum leaves extract as a nutritional supplement for combating oxidative stress induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed K Zaidi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Shakeel A Ansari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Muhammad I Naseer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Moyad J Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Naheed Banu
- College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Buraydah, KSA
| | - Muhammad H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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10
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Yang H, Tian H, Cheng J, Zheng J, Wang D, Sun C, Fernig D, Chen T, Gong W, Wang S, Li X, Jiang C. Highly efficient production of functional recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 22 in E. coli and its protective effects on H 2O 2-lesioned L02 cells. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 152:114-121. [PMID: 29627393 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the 22 member mammalian FGF family, FGF22 belongs to FGF7 subfamily, and its effects are largely confined to the brain and skin. To explore the functions of FGF22 on other tissues and develop a large-scale production of recombinant human FGF22 (rhFGF22) without a fusion tag, a plasmid encoding human FGF22 (pET3a-rhFGF22) was used to express rhFGF22 in E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. A large amount of rhFGF22 inclusion body protein was obtained. A two-step denaturing method successfully solubilized rhFGF22, and it was refolded and then purified in one step via heparin affinity chromatography. A yield of 105 mg rhFGF22 with a purity of up to 95% was obtained from 100 g wet bacteria. It was found that the rhFGF22 had biological activity, since it effectively attenuated H2O2-induced human hepatic L02 cell death. Analysis by qRT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that rhFGF22 protects L02 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage via suppression of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. In conclusion, the strategy described in this paper may provide a novel means to solve the production of insoluble rhFGF22 and shine new light on its translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Haishan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiliang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Dezhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Changye Sun
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - David Fernig
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Univeristy of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Taotao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyue Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Shen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China; Wenzhou Biomedical Innovation Center, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China; Wenzhou Biomedical Innovation Center, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain death (BD)-related lipid peroxidation, measured as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, correlates with delayed graft function in renal transplant recipients. How BD affects lipid peroxidation is not known. The extent of BD-induced organ damage is influenced by the speed at which intracranial pressure increases. To determine possible underlying causes of lipid peroxidation, we investigated the renal redox balance by assessing oxidative and antioxidative processes in kidneys of brain-dead rats after fast and slow BD induction. METHODS Brain death was induced in 64 ventilated male Fisher rats by inflating a 4.0F Fogarty catheter in the epidural space. Fast and slow inductions were achieved by an inflation speed of 0.45 and 0.015 mL/min, respectively, until BD confirmation. Healthy non-brain-dead rats served as reference values. Brain-dead rats were monitored for 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 hours, after which organs and blood were collected. RESULTS Increased MDA levels became evident at 2 hours of slow BD induction at which increased superoxide levels, decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, decreased glutathione levels, increased inducible nitric oxide synthase and heme-oxygenase 1 expression, and increased plasma creatinine levels were evident. At 4 hours after slow BD induction, superoxide, MDA, and plasma creatinine levels increased further, whereas GPx activity remained decreased. Increased MDA and plasma creatinine levels also became evident after 4 hours fast BD induction. CONCLUSION Brain death leads to increased superoxide production, decreased GPx activity, decreased glutathione levels, increased inducible nitric oxide synthase and heme-oxygenase 1 expression, and increased MDA and plasma creatinine levels. These effects were more pronounced after slow BD induction. Modulation of these processes could lead to decreased incidence of delayed graft function.
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Islam MA, Al Mamun MA, Faruk M, Ul Islam MT, Rahman MM, Alam MN, Rahman AFMT, Reza HM, Alam MA. Astaxanthin Ameliorates Hepatic Damage and Oxidative Stress in Carbon Tetrachloride-administered Rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:S84-S91. [PMID: 29333048 PMCID: PMC5757332 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_26_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Astaxanthin is of carotenoids group which possess strong antioxidant properties. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of astaxanthin in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rats. Materials and Methods Female Long-Evans rats were administered with CCl4 orally (1 ml/kg) twice a week for 2 weeks and were treated with astaxanthin (10 mg/kg) every day for 2 weeks. Blood plasma samples were isolated from each group and were analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase activities. Oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) were measured. Several enzyme functions such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the plasma and liver tissues were also analyzed. Moreover, inflammation and tissue fibrosis were also confirmed by histological staining of liver tissues. Results This investigation revealed that CCl4 administration in rats increased plasma AST, ALT, and ALP activities which were normalized by astaxanthin treatment. Moreover, CCl4 administration increased as MDA, NO, and APOP level both in plasma and tissues compared to control rats. Astaxanthin also exhibited a significant reduction of those parameters in CCl4-administered rats. Astaxanthin treatment also restored the CAT and SOD activities and lowered MPO activity in CCl4-administered rats. Histological assessment also revealed that the astaxanthin prevented the inflammatory cells infiltration, decreased free iron deposition, and fibrosis in liver of CCl4-administered rats. Conclusion These results suggest that astaxanthin protects liver damage induced by CCl4 by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and stimulating the cellular antioxidant system. SUMMARY Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration increased oxidative stress-mediated hepatic damage and inflammation in ratsAstaxanthin, a potent antioxidant, prevents oxidative stress and inflammatory cells infiltration in CCl4-administered ratsAstaxanthin also ameliorated the progression of hepatic fibrosis in CCl4-administered rats. Abbreviations Used: APOP: Advanced protein oxidation product; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; CAT: Catalase; CCl4: Carbon tetrachloride; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; HSCs: Hepatic stellate cells; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MMP2: Matrix metalloproteinase2; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; NO: Nitric oxide; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; ·ONOO-: Peroxynitrate; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TCA: Trichloroacetic acid; TBA: Thiobarbituric acid; TGF-1: Transforming growth factor 1, TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; TIMP1: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha;·CCl3: Trichloromethyl free radical; CCl3O2-: Trichloroperoxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Faruk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tauhid Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
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The Antiapoptosis Effect of Glycyrrhizate on HepG2 Cells Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6849758. [PMID: 27891207 PMCID: PMC5116359 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6849758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that glycyrrhizate (GAS) could protect HEPG2 cells against damage and apoptosis induced by H2O2 (1600 μM, 4 h). Cell viability assay revealed that GAS was noncytotoxity at concentration 125 µg/mL, and GAS (5 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, and 125 μg/mL) protected HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. H2O2 induced the HepG2 cells apoptosis, obvious morphologic changes were observed after Hochest 33258 staining, and more apoptotic cells were counted in flow cytometry assay compared to that of the natural group. Pretreatment GAS (5 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, and 125 μg/mL) prior to H2O2 reverses the morphologic changes and reduced the apoptotic cells in HepG2 cells. GAS reduced the release of MDA, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, and diminished the release of ALT and AST during oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. After Elisa kit detecting, GAS inhibited the caspase activity induced by H2O2, GAS decreased the level of caspase-3 and caspase-9 from mitochondria in dose-dependent manner. Western blot results showed that pretreatment GAS upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the expression of Bax. These results reveal that GAS has the cytoprotection in HepG2 cells during ROS exposure by inhibiting the caspase activity in the mitochondria and influencing apoptogenic factors of the expression of Bax and Bcl-2.
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Belda M, Sanchez D, Bover E, Prieto B, Padrón C, Cejalvo D, Lloris JM. Extraction of polyphenols in Himanthalia elongata and determination by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector prior to its potential use against oxidative stress. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:334-341. [PMID: 27614257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the antioxidant capacity of seaweeds, which can be used for the development of biopharmaceuticals with extensive medical application. Antioxidant therapies appear to attenuate the organic deterioration originated by an excessive oxidative stress, which could prevent the harmful effects of various injuries such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) among others. Marine brown seaweeds play a significant role, as they are the only organisms on earth producing phlorotannins, which are polyphenols that exhibit important biological activity. To ensure obtaining an extract with the greatest antioxidant activity, some variables that affect the extraction of polyphenols are optimized, including seaweed amount, type of solvent, and time and temperature of extraction. Subsequently, the total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity have been determined. The optimized condition was obtained for 6g of seaweed, ethanol: water proportion of 60:40 and 2h/60°C, achieving 548.33mg AG/100g seaweed and 76% of antioxidant activity. The characterization of the extracted polyphenols was made by HPLC/DAD. 11 polyphenols were identified in the extract: Phloroglucinol, Gallic Acid, Catechin, Rutin, Gentisic Acid, Chlorogenic Acid, Caffeic Acid, Coumaric, Ferulic, Myricetin and Quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Belda
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Guillem de Castro, 94, 46003, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Desiré Sanchez
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Guillem de Castro, 94, 46003, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Bover
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Guillem de Castro, 94, 46003, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Prieto
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Guillem de Castro, 94, 46003, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Padrón
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Guillem de Castro, 94, 46003, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Cejalvo
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Guillem de Castro, 94, 46003, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Lloris
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Gebregiorgis Amabye T, Frehiwot Mekonen A. Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Delonix elata L. in Flower Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/japlr.2016.02.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Al-Sheddi ES, Farshori NN, Al-Oqail MM, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA, Siddiqui MA. Protective effect of Lepidium sativum seed extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human liver cells (HepG2). PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:314-321. [PMID: 25885937 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1035795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Garden cress [Lepidium sativum (Brassicaceae)] has been widely used to treat a number of ailments in traditional medicine. The pharmacological and preventive potential of Lepidium sativum, such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antihypertensive, anti-ashthamatic, anticancer, and anti-oxidant, are well known. OBJECTIVE The present investigation was designed to study the protective effects of chloroform extract of Lepidium sativum seed (LSE) against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human liver cells (HepG2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity of LSE and H2O2 was identified by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red uptake (NRU) assays, and morphological changes in HepG2. The cells were pre-exposed to biologically safe concentrations (5-25 μg/ml) of LSE for 24 h, and then cytotoxic (0.25 mM) concentration of H2O2 was added. After 24 h of the exposures, cell viability by MTT, NRU assays, and morphological changes in HepG2 were evaluated. Further, protective effects of LSE on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels induced by H2O2 were studied. RESULTS Pre-exposure of LSE significantly attenuated the loss of cell viability up to 48% at 25 µg/ml concentration against H2O2 (LD50 value = 2.5 mM). Results also showed that LSE at 25 µg/ml concentration significantly inhibited the induction of ROS generation (45%) and LPO (56%), and increases the MMP (55%) and GSH levels (46%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The study suggests the cytoprotective effects of LSE against H2O2-induced toxicity in HepG2. The results also demonstrate the anti-oxidative nature of LSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam S Al-Sheddi
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida N Farshori
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M Al-Oqail
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- b Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , and
- c Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- b Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , and
- c Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- b Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , and
- c Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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17
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Hwang GH, Jeon YJ, Han HJ, Park SH, Baek KM, Chang W, Kim JS, Kim LK, Lee YM, Lee S, Bae JS, Jee JG, Lee MY. Protective effect of butylated hydroxylanisole against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. J Vet Sci 2015; 16:17-23. [PMID: 25798044 PMCID: PMC4367145 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic phenolic compound consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds: 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. We examined the effect of BHA against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Cell viability was significantly decreased by H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, H2O2 treatment increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2, and promoted PARP-1 cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with BHA before exposure to H2O2 significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced decrease of cell viability. H2O2 exposure resulted in an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with BHA or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger). H2O2-induced decrease of cell viability was also attenuated by pretreatment with BHA and NAC. Furthermore, H2O2-induced increase of Bax, decrease of Bcl-2, and PARP-1 cleavage was also inhibited by BHA. Taken together, results of this investigation demonstrated that BHA protects primary cultured mouse hepatocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Hye Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Baek
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Korea. ; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - You-Mie Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Pari L, Karthikeyan A, Karthika P, Rathinam A. Protective effects of hesperidin on oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia and histological changes in iron-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Toxicol Rep 2014; 2:46-55. [PMID: 28962336 PMCID: PMC5598436 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was to evaluate the protective role of hesperidin (HDN) against iron-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Administration of iron (30 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally for 10 days, the levels of serum hepatic markers, renal functional markers, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation markers and iron concentration in blood were significantly (p < 0.05) increased. The toxic effect of iron was also indicated by significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of plasma, liver and kidney of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Administration of hesperidin at different doses (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight) significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the levels of serum hepatic markers, renal functional markers, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation markers, restored the levels of hepatic, renal enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants with decrease in iron concentration in blood. Hesperidin at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight exhibits significant protection on hepatic and renal when compared with other two doses (20 and 40 mg/kg body weight). All these changes were corroborating by histological observations of liver and kidney. This study demonstrated the protective role of hesperidin in reducing toxic effects of iron in experimental rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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Vidal E. LM, Pimentel P. E, Cruces M. MP, Sánchez M. JC. Genetic damage induced by CrO 3 can be reduced by low doses of Protoporphyrin-IX in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:894-899. [PMID: 28962301 PMCID: PMC5598375 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have reported the relation between chromium exposure (used in different industrial processes) and cancer risk. Evidence indicates that the hexavalent form is mutagenic and carcinogenic. Chemoprevention has emerged as a good strategy for reducing the risk from exposure to heavy metals. There is evidence that some tetrapyrrols such as protoporphyrin IX (PP-IX), a porphyrin without a metal center and which is a precursor of hemoglobin and cytochrome, acts as an antioxidant modulating the induction of antioxidant enzymes. The present study was performed to evaluate their antimutagenic potential of PP-IX against genetic damage induced by chromium trioxide (CrO3). The wing spot test was used. Groups of 48 h-old larvae were pretreated for 24 h with 0, 0.69, 6.9, or 69 mM of PP-IX, after which groups of larvae were fed 0.025-2.5 mM CrO3 solution in Drosophila instant medium. The results indicated that the lower PP-IX concentration (0.69 mM) significantly reduced the genetic damage induced by all CrO3 concentrations tested. In contrast, 6.9 and 69 mM only inhibited the damage induced by CrO3 2.5 mM. Absence of an inhibitor effect of PP-IX against 20 Gy gamma rays suggested that this porphyrin acted primarily by forming complexes with chromium at low doses, inactivating its genotoxic action rather than capturing or inactivating the reactive oxygen species generated by the chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M. Vidal E.
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Carretera México-Toluca, S/N, la Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, CP. 52750, México
| | - Emilio Pimentel P.
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Carretera México-Toluca, S/N, la Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, CP. 52750, México
| | - M. Patricia Cruces M.
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Carretera México-Toluca, S/N, la Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, CP. 52750, México
| | - Juan C. Sánchez M.
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
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Al-Harbi NO, Imam F, Nadeem A, Al-Harbi MM, Iqbal M, Ahmad SF. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat is reversed by treatment with riboflavin. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:383-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Antioxidant and prophylactic effects of Delonix elata L., stem bark extracts, and flavonoid isolated quercetin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:507851. [PMID: 24987689 PMCID: PMC4060769 DOI: 10.1155/2014/507851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Delonix elata L. (Ceasalpinaceae), is widely used by the traditional medical practitioners of Karnataka, India, to cure jaundice, and bronchial and rheumatic problems. The objective of this study was to screen the in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the stem bark extracts against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Among different stem bark extracts tested, the ethanol extract (DSE) has shown significant in vitro antioxidant property in radicals scavenging, metal chelating, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. HPLC analysis of the DSE revealed the presence of known antioxidant molecules, namely, gallic acid, ellagic acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, and rutin. Bioassay-guided fractionation of DSE has resulted in the isolation and characterization of quercetin. DSE and quercetin have shown significant prophylactic effects by restoring the liver function markers (AST, ALT, ALP, serum bilirubin, and total protein) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST). These results were proved to be hepatoprotective at par with silymarin and well supported by the histological observations of liver sections with distinct hepatic cells, and mild degree of fatty change and necrosis. The results indicated that the DSE and quercetin were significant for prophylactic activity against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. This activity could be attributed to the antioxidant constituents in the DSE and hence justified the ethnomedicinal claims.
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Lu Y, Zhang YY, Hu YC, Lu YH. Protective effects of 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in hepatic L02 cell. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1211-8. [PMID: 24469602 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC) is a chalcone isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. et Perry, and the hepatoprotective effects of DMC on Kunming mice have been studied in previous study. However, the effects of DMC on hepatocyte toxicity and corresponding mechanism remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective mechanism of DMC in human hepatocytes (L02) treated with H₂O₂. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with DMC effectively protected H₂O₂-induced cell viability loss, cell membrane damage (lactate dehydrogenase, nitric oxide production and caspase-3 accumulation. Besides, DMC pretreatment increased the amount of glutathione, decreased malondialdehyde and the percentage of apoptotic L02 cells compared with only H₂O₂ treated group. Taken together, these results indicated that DMC had hepatoprotective effects against H₂O₂-induced liver injury by alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis process in L02 cells, and DMC might be a potential candidate for the intervention of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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Xia Q, Chiang HM, Yin JJ, Chen S, Cai L, Yu H, Fu PP. UVA photoirradiation of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites: induction of cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:898-910. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713484648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[ a]pyrene (BaP) is a prototype for studying carcinogenesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We have long been interested in studying the phototoxicity of PAHs. In this study, we determined that metabolism of BaP by human skin HaCaT keratinocytes resulted in six identified phase I metabolites, for example, BaP trans-7,8-dihydrodiol (BaP t-7,8-diol), BaP t-4,5-diol, BaP t-9,10-diol, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-BaP), BaP (7,10/8,9)tetrol, and BaP (7/8,9,10)tetrol. The photocytotoxicity of BaP, 3-OH-BaP, BaP t-7,8-diol, BaP trans-7,8-diol- anti-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), and BaP (7,10/8,9)tetrol in the HaCaT keratinocytes was examined. When irradiated with 1.0 J/cm2 UVA light, these compounds when tested at doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 μM, all induced photocytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. When photoirradiation was conducted in the presence of a lipid (methyl linoleate), BaP metabolites, BPDE, and three related PAHs, pyrene, 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BaP trans-7,8-diol, and 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BaP trans-9,10-diol, all induced lipid peroxidation. The formation of lipid peroxides by BaP t-7,8-diol was inhibited by NaN3 and enhanced by deuterated methanol, which suggests that singlet oxygen may be involved in the generation of lipid peroxides. The formation of lipid hydroperoxides was partially inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Electron spin resonance spin trapping experiments indicated that both singlet oxygen and superoxide radical anion were generated from UVA photoirradiation of BPDE in a light dose responding manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsu Xia
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Department of Cosmecutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Yin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shoujun Chen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Lining Cai
- Biotranex LLC, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Peter P Fu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Farshori NN, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Oqail MM, Hassan WHB, Al-Khedhairy AA, Musarrat J, Siddiqui MA. Hepatoprotective potential of Lavandula coronopifolia extracts against ethanol induced oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:727-37. [PMID: 23546397 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713483188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present investigations were carried out to study the protective potential of four extracts (namely petroleum ether extract (LCR), chloroform extract (LCM), ethyl acetate extract (LCE), and alcoholic extract (LCL)) of Lavandula coronopifolia on oxidative stress-mediated cell death induced by ethanol, a known hepatotoxin in human hapatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Cells were pretreated with LCR, LCM, LCE, and LCL extracts (10-50 μg/ml) of L. coronopifolia for 24 h and then ethanol was added and incubated further for 24 h. After the exposure, cell viability using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and neutral red uptake assays and morphological changes in HepG2 cells were studied. Pretreatment with various extracts of L. coronpifolia was found to be significantly effective in countering the cytotoxic responses of ethanol. Antioxidant properties of these L. coronopifolia extracts against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione (GSH) levels induced by ethanol were investigated. Results show that pretreatment with these extracts for 24 h significantly inhibited ROS generation and LPO induced and increased the GSH levels reduced by ethanol. The data from the study suggests that LCR, LCM, LCE, and LCL extracts of L. coronopifolia showed hepatoprotective activity against ethanol-induced damage in HepG2 cells. However, a comparative study revealed that the LCE extract was found to be the most effective and LCL the least effective. The hepatoprotective effects observed in the study could be associated with the antioxidant properties of these extracts of L. coronopifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mai M Al-Oqail
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Althnaian T, Albokhadaim I, El-Bahr SM. Biochemical and histopathological study in rats intoxicated with carbontetrachloride and treated with camel milk. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:57. [PMID: 23487568 PMCID: PMC3593006 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unique characters of camel’s milk make it used extensively in the field of medicine as anti-microbial, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective agent. The lack of studies demonstrating the protective effect of camel’s milk against hepatotoxic compound was the main reason beyond the conduction of the current experiment which aimed to investigate the protective effects of camel’s milk against carbontetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, 24 rats were fed on standard diet and divided into four groups. Rats of the first group and second groups were injected i/p with paraffin oil and received either tap water (control 1) or camel’s milk (control 2), respectively. Rats of the third and fourth groups were injected i/p with CCl4 and received either tap water or camel’s milk, respectively. At the end of the experiment (5 weeks), blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The present findings revealed that, CCl4 elevated serum enzyme activities of liver and some biochemical parameters, but these effects were prevented by the treatment of rats with camel milk. Histopathologically, a great amount of mononuclear cells infiltration, necrotic cells and few fibroblasts were observed in liver of CCl4 treated group. The present study concluded that camel milk treatment may play a protective role against CCl4-induced liver damages in rats. These protective effects were in the form of improving of liver enzyme activities, blood biochemical parameters and histological picture of liver of intoxicated rats. In the future, examination of the liver protective effect of camel milk against CCl4 in dose dependant manner could be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thnaian Althnaian
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Abstract
Over the last three decades, direct hepatotoxic effects of ethanol were established, some of which were linked to redox changes produced by NADH generated via the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) pathway and shown to affect the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and purines. It was also determined that ethanol can be oxidized by a microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) involving a specific cytochrome P-450; this newly discovered ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIEi) contributes to ethanol metabolism, tolerance, energy wastage (with associated weight loss), and the selective hepatic perivenular toxicity of various xenobiotics. Their activation by P-450IIEi now provides an understanding of the increased susceptibility of the heavy drinker to the toxicity of industrial solvents, anaesthetic agents, commonly prescribed drugs, over-the-counter analgesics, and chemical carcinogens. P-450 induction also explains depletion (and toxicity) of nutritional factors such as vitamin A. As a consequence, treatment with vitamin A and other nutritional factors is beneficial, but must take into account a narrowed therapeutic window in alcoholics who have increased needs for nutrients and also display an enhanced susceptibility to some of their adverse effects. Acetaldehyde (the metabolite produced from ethanol by either ADH or MEOS) impairs hepatic oxygen utilization and forms protein adducts, resulting in antibody production, enzyme inactivation, and decreased DNA repair. It also stimulates collagen production by the vitamin A storing cells (lipocytes) and myofibroblasts, and causes glutathione depletion. Supplementation with S-adenosyl-L-methionine partly corrects the depletion and associated mitochondrial injury, whereas administration of polyunsaturated lecithin opposes the fibrosis. Thus, at the cellular level, the classic dichotomy between the nutritional and toxic effects of ethanol has now been bridged. The understanding of how the ensuing injury eventually results in irreversible scarring or cirrhosis may provide us with improved modalities for treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lieber
- Alcohol Research & Treatment Center, Bronx VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
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Dillioglugil MO, Mekık H, Muezzinoglu B, Ozkan TA, Demir CG, Dillioglugil O. Blood and tissue nitric oxide and malondialdehyde are prognostic indicators of localized prostate cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2012; 44:1691-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Alkiyumi SS, Abdullah MA, Alrashdi AS, Salama SM, Abdelwahab SI, Hadi AHA. Ipomoea aquatica extract shows protective action against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Molecules 2012; 17:6146-55. [PMID: 22617138 PMCID: PMC6269074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17056146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Indian system of traditional medicine (Ayurveda) it is recommended to consume Ipomoea aquatica to mitigate disorders like jaundice. In this study, the protective effects of ethanol extract of I. aquatica against liver damage were evaluated in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. There was no sign of toxicity in the acute toxicity study, in which Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally fed with I. aquatica (250 and 500 mg/kg) for two months along with administration of TAA (i.p injection 200 mg/kg three times a week for two months). The results showed that the treatment of I. aquatica significantly lowered the TAA-induced serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (ALP, ALT, AST, protein, albumin, bilirubin and prothrombin time). The hepatic content of activities and expressions SOD and CAT that were reduced by TAA were brought back to control levels by the plant extract supplement. Meanwhile, the rise in MDA level in the TAA receiving groups also were significantly reduced by I. aquatica treatment. Histopathology of hepatic tissues by H&E and Masson trichrome stains displayed that I. aquatica has reduced the incidence of liver lesions, including hepatic cells cloudy swelling, infiltration, hepatic necrosis, and fibrous connective tissue proliferation induced by TAA in rats. Therefore, the results of this study show that the protective effect of I. aquatica in TAA-induced liver damage might be contributed to its modulation on detoxification enzymes and its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects. Moreover, it confirms a scientific basis for the traditional use of I. aquatica for the treatment of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Said Alkiyumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +6-037-967-6604; Fax: +6-037-967-6600
| | - Ahmed Salim Alrashdi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzy Munir Salama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - A. Hamid A. Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Xiao J, Liong EC, Ching YP, Chang RCC, So KF, Fung ML, Tipoe GL. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protect mice liver from carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and necroinflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:462-470. [PMID: 22138659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lycium barbarum has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to nourish liver, kidneys and the eyes. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the protective mechanisms of Wolfberry, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were intraperitoneally injected with a 50 μl/kg CCl(4) to induce acute hepatotoxicity (8h) and were orally fed with LBP 2 h before the CCl(4) injection. There were six experimental groups of mice (n=7-8 per group), namely: control mice (vehicle only; 1 mg/kg LBP or 10 mg/kg LBP), CCl(4)-treated mice and CCl(4)+LBP treated mice (1 mg/kg LBP or 10 mg/kg LBP). RESULTS Pre-treatment with LBP effectively reduced the hepatic necrosis and the serum ALT level induced by CCl(4) intoxication. LBP remarkably inhibited cytochrome P450 2E1 expression and restored the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes. It also decreased the level of nitric oxide metabolism and lipid peroxidation induced by CCl(4). LBP attenuated hepatic inflammation via down-regulation of proinflammatory mediators and chemokines. Furthermore, LBP promoted liver regeneration after CCl(4) treatment. The protective effects of LBP against hepatotoxicity were partly through the down-regulation of nuclear factor kappa-B activity. CONCLUSION LBP is effective in reducing necroinflammation and oxidative stress induced by a chemical toxin, thus it has a great potential use as a food supplement in the prevention of hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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30
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Karakus E, Karadeniz A, Simsek N, Can I, Kara A, Yildirim S, Kalkan Y, Kisa F. Protective effect of Panax ginseng against serum biochemical changes and apoptosis in liver of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 195:208-213. [PMID: 21880419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate possible beneficial effects of Panax ginseng (PG) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. CCl(4) challenge elevated serum enzyme activities of liver and some biochemical parameters, but these effects were prevented by the pretreatment of rats with PG. Histologically, a great amount of mononuclear cells infiltration, necrotic cells and few fibroblasts were observed in liver of CCl(4) group. Also, CD68(+) and caspase-3 staining cells were diffused in both lobular and portal areas. However, PG pretreatment had a little influence on the number of caspase-3 immunopositive staining cells in the liver, but CD68(+) staining areas were significantly decreased in the PG+CCl(4) when compared to CCl(4) group. We conclude that PG treatment may play a protective role by enhancing liver enzyme activities and recovering biochemical parameters, and improving the changes in histological structure against CCl(4)-induced liver damages in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Karakus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Atatürk, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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31
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Oxidative stress in chronic liver disease: relationship between peripheral and hepatic measurements. Am J Med Sci 2011; 342:314-7. [PMID: 21691193 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e31821d9905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases. Investigators often measure markers of oxidative stress in peripheral veins as a reflection of hepatic oxidative stress as it is not always feasible to measure oxidative stress in liver tissue. However, it is unknown whether markers of oxidative stress measured from peripheral sites accurately reflect hepatic tissue oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of oxidative stress marker among hepatic tissue, hepatic and peripheral veins and urine. METHODS Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress was measured in hepatic vein, peripheral vein and urine samples from 26 consecutive patients undergoing transjugular liver procedures. In 19 patients undergoing liver biopsies, we measured MDA by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded liver tissue. RESULTS Peripheral venous MDA levels showed significant correlation with hepatic venous MDA levels (r = 0.62, P = 0.02), but they did not correlate with hepatic tissue MDA content (r = 0.22, P = 0.4). Hepatic venous MDA levels did not correlate with hepatic tissue MDA content (r = -0.01, P = 0.9). Subgroup analysis of patients without portal hypertension showed a positive correlation between hepatic venous and hepatic tissue MDA levels, but this was not statistically significant (r = 0.45, P = 0.22). Urinary MDA did not correlate with MDA from any other sampling location. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress measured from the peripheral venous samples is poorly reflective of hepatic tissue oxidative stress. Hepatic venous sampling might be suitable for assessing hepatic tissue oxidative stress in patients without portal hypertension, but a larger study is needed to examine this possibility.
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Saribeyoglu K, Aytac E, Pekmezci S, Saygili S, Uzun H, Ozbay G, Aydin S, Seymen HO. Effects of clinoptilolite treatment on oxidative stress after partial hepatectomy in rats. Asian J Surg 2011; 34:153-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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33
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Hong IH, Ji H, Hwa SY, Jeong WI, Jeong DH, Do SH, Kim JM, Ki MR, Park JK, Goo MJ, Hwang OK, Hong KS, Han JY, Chung HY, Jeong KS. The protective effect of ENA Actimineral resource A on CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:462-473. [PMID: 20922552 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ENA Actimineral Resource A (ENA-A) is alkaline water that is composed of refined edible cuttlefish bone and two different species of seaweed, Phymatolithon calcareum and Lithothamnion corallioides. In the present study, ENA-A was investigated as an antioxidant to protect against CCl(4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats. Liver injury was induced by either subacute or chronic CCl(4) administration, and the rats had free access to tap water mixed with 0% (control group) or 10% (v/v) ENA-A for 5 or 8 weeks. The results of histological examination and measurement of antioxidant activity showed that the reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, induction of CYP2E1 were decreased and the antioxidant activity, including glutathione and catalase production, was increased in the ENA-A groups as compared with the control group. On 2-DE gel analysis of the proteomes, 13 differentially expressed proteins were obtained in the ENA-A groups as compared with the control group. Antioxidant proteins, including glutathione S-transferase, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, and peroxiredoxin 1, were increased with hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta and serum albumin precursor, and kininogen precursor decreased more in the ENA-A groups than compared to the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that ENA-A does indeed have some protective capabilities against CCl(4)-induced liver injury through its antioxidant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hwa Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Pecorelli A, Ciccoli L, Signorini C, Leoncini S, Giardini A, D'Esposito M, Filosa S, Hayek J, De Felice C, Valacchi G. Increased levels of 4HNE-protein plasma adducts in Rett syndrome. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:368-71. [PMID: 21276437 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurological disorder and a leading cause of mental retardation in females. It is caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene and more rarely in cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) and forkhead box protein G1 (FOXG1) genes. Increased oxidative stress (OS) has been documented in MeCP2-RTT patients. Here, we evaluated the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal plasma protein adducts (4HNE-PAs) in MeCP2-, CDKL5-, and FOXG1-RTT and in their clinical variants. DESIGN AND METHODS 4HNE-PAs were determined by Western blot in plasma from healthy subjects and RTT patients. RESULTS 4HNE-PAs levels were increased in MeCP2- and CDKL5-related RTT but not in FOXG1-related RTT. CONCLUSION These results showed that OS is present in RTT clinical variants and could play a key role in RTT pathogenesis. Under the OS point of view FOXG1-related RTT appears to be distinct from the MeCP2/CDKL5, suggesting a distinct mechanism involved in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Pathophysiology, Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Abstract
Living systems have three major types of cell signalling systems that are dependent upon high-energy chemicals, redox environment and transmembranal ion-gating mechanisms. Development of integrated systems biology descriptions of cell signalling require conceptual models incorporating all three. Recent advances in redox biology show that thiol-disulphide redox systems are regulated under dynamic, nonequilibrium conditions, progressively oxidized with the life cycle of cells and distinct in terms of redox potentials amongst subcellular compartments. This article uses these observations as a basis to distinguish 'redox-sensing' mechanisms, which are more global biologic redox control mechanisms, from 'redox signalling', which involves conveyance of discrete activating or inactivating signals. Both redox sensing and redox signalling use sulphur switches, especially cysteine (Cys) residues in proteins which are sensitive to reversible oxidation, nitrosylation, glutathionylation, acylation, sulfhydration or metal binding. Unlike specific signalling mechanisms, the redox-sensing mechanisms provide means to globally affect the rates and activities of the high-energy, ion-gating and redox-signalling systems by controlling sensitivity, distribution, macromolecular interactions and mobility of signalling proteins. Effects mediated through Cys residues not directly involved in signalling means redox-sensing control can be orthogonal to the signalling mechanisms. This provides a capability to integrate signals according to cell cycle and physiologic state without fundamentally altering the signalling mechanisms. Recent findings that thiol-disulphide pools in humans are oxidized with age, environmental exposures and disease risk suggest that redox-sensing thiols could provide a central mechanistic link in disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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36
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Wang MY, Zhao FM, Peng HY, Lou CH, Li Y, Ding X, Yu XY, Yang GM, Xu DQ, Jiang LH, Zhang X, Ye LH, Cai BC. Investigation on the morphological protective effect of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural extracted from wine-processed Fructus corni on human L02 hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:424-428. [PMID: 20576490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the mode of action of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) extracted from wine-processed Fructus corni on hepatoprotective activities, the effects of 5-HMF on H(2)O(2)-induced human L02 hepatocytes injury was examined. MTHODS: Hepatocytes L02 injured by H(2)O(2) was treated by 5-HMF. The morphological changes of the cells were observed under inverted phase-contrast, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy and the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent detector. RESULTS It revealed that 5-HMF improved the morphology of H(2)O(2)-treated human L02 hepatocytes, and also inhibited the level of caspase-9 and caspase-3 of them. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested a morphological hepatocyte protective effect and the anti-apoptosis mechanism by 5-HMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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37
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Sullivan KE, Snyder JR, Schiedt MJ, Harman FJ, Giri S. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defences during ischaemia and reperfusion of the equine ascending colon. Equine Vet J 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb04797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liang Q, Yu X, Qu S, Xu H, Sui D. Acanthopanax senticosides B ameliorates oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 627:209-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Lee EH, Chyun JH. Effects of Chongkukjang Intake on Lipid Metabolism and Liver Function in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.11.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Nagasaka H, Takayanagi M, Tsukahara H. Children's toxicology from bench to bed--Liver Injury (3): Oxidative stress and anti-oxidant systems in liver of patients with Wilson disease. J Toxicol Sci 2009; 34 Suppl 2:SP229-36. [PMID: 19571474 DOI: 10.2131/jts.34.sp229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of liver disease in Wilson disease (WD), a genetic disorder characterized by excess hepatic deposition of copper, which generates free radicals, remains unclear. This study investigates oxidative stress on the liver and hepatic anti-oxidant responses in WD using liver specimens from affected patients showing mild liver damage (group I, n = 3), moderate or greater liver damage (group II, n = 5) and fulminant hepatic failure (group III, n = 5), and from asymptomatic carriers (n = 2). Decreased ratios of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), a lipid peroxidation product, were found in every affected patient, especially in groups II and III patients. Activities and protein expressions of Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), CuZn-SOD, and catalase were decreased in all patients, especially in group III patients. Glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased only in group III patients. Asymptomatic carriers without any clinical manifestations showed normal TBARS level and GSH/GSSG ratio with increases in both GSH and GSSG levels. Their CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD and catalase activities were increased. These results suggest that excessive copper-derived oxidants contribute to development and progression of liver disease in WD.
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Gnanasoundari M, Pari L. Impact of Naringenin on Oxytetracycline-Mediated Oxidative Damage in Kidney of Rats. Ren Fail 2009; 28:599-605. [PMID: 17050244 DOI: 10.1080/08860220600843805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of naringenin on oxytetracycline-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Oxytetracycline (200 mg/kg body weight, ip) was administered in 0.5 ml of sterile physiological saline for 15 days, resulting in a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine and reduction in creatinine clearance. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation markers (TBARS and lipid hydroperoxide) and decrease in antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and low molecular weight antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione) levels were also observed in oxytetracycline-treated rats. The oral administration of naringenin (50 mg/kg body weight) attenuated the oxytetracycline-induced nephrotoxicity by significantly decreased levels of serum urea and creatinine with the significant normalization of creatinine clearance. Upon the administration of naringenin, the depleted renal antioxidant defense system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) was significantly increased in rats treated with oxytetracycline. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of kidney section. The present results suggest that the supplementation of naringenin might be helpful to alleviate the oxytetracycline-induced oxidative injury in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthurangam Gnanasoundari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Güler G, Türközer Z, Seyhan N. Electric Field Effects on Guinea Pig Serum: The Role of Free Radicals. Electromagn Biol Med 2009; 26:207-23. [PMID: 17886007 DOI: 10.1080/15368370701585490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the potential effects of ELF (extremely low frequency) electric field exposure on generating free radicals in guinea pigs. For this purpose, we determined thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, one of the byproducts of lipid peroxidation, the changes of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), as an antioxidant enzyme, and gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) as the key enzyme in GSH metabolism. Moreover, in order to investigate electric field effects on functions of organs, we measured the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), urea, uric acid, creatin, glucose, and blood-urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum of guinea pigs exposed to different intensities and directions electric fields. In this study we have found that vertical and horizontal application of ELF electric fields in the range of 1.35, 1.5, and 1.8 kV/m increased TBARS and SOD levels as compared to the controls (p < 0.05) and to applied electric fields of 0.3, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 kV/m. On the other hand, other serum levels of some biochemical parameters that were also investigated did not undergo statistically significant changes (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Göknur Güler
- Department of Biophysics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Marañón G, Manley W, Cayado P, García C, de la Muela MS, Vara E. Alterations in the glutathione metabolism could be implicated in the ischemia-induced small intestinal cell damage in horses. BMC Vet Res 2009; 5:10. [PMID: 19296836 PMCID: PMC2664797 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-5-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colic could be accompanied by changes in the morphology and physiology of organs and tissues, such as the intestine. This process might be, at least in part, due to the accumulation of oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), secondary to intestinal ischemia. Glutathione (GSH), being the major intracellular thiol, provides protection against oxidative injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ischemia-induced intestinal injury could be related with alterations in GSH metabolism. Results Ischemia induced a significant increase in lipid hydroperoxides, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and a reduction in reduced glutathione, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, as well as in methionine-adenosyl-transferase and methyl-transferase activities. Conclusion Our results suggest that ischemia induces harmful effects on equine small intestine, probably due to an increase in oxidative damage and proinflammatory molecules. This effect could be mediated, at least in part, by impairment in glutathione metabolism.
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F2-isoprostanes and 2-arachidonylglycerol as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in pigs with hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2009; 161:139-45. [PMID: 19439322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we examined the changes of F(2)-isoprostanes (non-cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids), endocannabinoids (2-arachidonylglycerol; 2-AG, arachidoylethanolamide; AEA), and malondialdehyde (MDA: a conventional index of lipid peroxidation) in a porcine warm hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model to evaluate the usefulness of each parameter as a marker of lipid peroxidation. METHODS Five female pigs weighing 20 to 22 kg were used in this experiment. Total liver ischemia was achieved by clamping the hepatic pedicle. To prevent splanchnic congestion during occlusion of the portal vein, a portocaval shunt was created with a Dacron graft. After 90 min of ischemia, the liver was reperfused for 120 min. We measured the plasma levels of four markers (F(2)-isoprostanes, 2-AG, AEA, and MDA) from a viewpoint of whether it is useful as a sensitive marker of lipid peroxidation. RESULTS Based on statistical analysis using repeated-measures ANOVA, F(2)-isoprostanes demonstrated the most significant changes and were considered to be a highly sensitive marker (P = 0.0001). 2-AG showed less prominent but significant changes (P = 0.0286), followed by MDA (P = 0.0310). However, AEA did not show statistically significant changes over time. The pattern of change in the serum transaminase levels, a classic marker of liver damage, as well as the histologic changes, resembled the profile of F(2)-isoprostanes, 2-AG, and MDA. CONCLUSIONS F(2)-isoprostanes and 2-AG may be useful as markers of oxidative stress in hepatic I/R injury.
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Gu W, Fan XJ, Wu J, Niu ZQ. Protective effect of PicrosideⅡ against H 2O 2-induced damage in L-02 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:3274-3278. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i29.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the protective effect of Picroside Ⅱ on L-02 cell damage induced by oxidative stress.
METHODS: L-02 cells damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were chosen to establish the model of hepatocellular oxidative stress. The proliferation of L-02 cells was observed using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis of L-02 cells was detected using Annexin-V/propidium iodide, propidium iodide stain flow cytometry (FCM). The mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm) was analyzed by rhodamine123 stain FCM and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in L-02 cells was determined using dihy-drohodamine123 stain FCM.
RESULTS: 0.6 mmol/L H2O2 induced L-02 cell apoptosis, increased intracellular accumulation of ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. After treatment with 0.05, 0.5, 5 mmol/L Picroside Ⅱ, H2O2-induced apoptosis in L-02 significantly reduced (30.8% ± 9.09%, 10.2% ± 9.82%, 8.2% ± 7.10% vs 42.8% ± 8.28%, all P < 0.01). At the same time significantly reduced were H2O2-induced intracellular accumulation of ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential.
CONCLUSION: Picroside Ⅱ has protective effect on L-02 cell damage induced by oxidative stress and the effect might be attributed to its removal of ROS and increased △Ψm level.
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Leung EYL, Crozier JEM, Talwar D, O'Reilly DSJ, McKee RF, Horgan PG, McMillan DC. Vitamin antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, tumour stage, the systemic inflammatory response and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2460-4. [PMID: 18729200 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Both the tumour growth and progression and the systemic inflammatory response have the potential to increase oxidative stress. We therefore examined the relationship between lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins, lipid peroxidation, the systemic inflammatory response and survival in patients with primary operable (n = 53) and advanced inoperable (n = 53) colorectal cancer. Compared with those patients with primary operable colorectal cancer, patients with unresectable liver disease had significantly lower median concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (p < 0.001), lutein (p < 0.001), lycopene (p < 0.001), alpha-carotene (p < 0.01) and beta-carotene (p < 0.001) and higher malondialdehyde concentrations. An elevated systemic inflammatory response (Glasgow prognostic score, mGPS) was associated with a greater proportion of females (p < 0.05) and more advanced tumour stage (p < 0.05), lower circulating levels of retinol (p < 0.01), lutein (p < 0.01), lycopene (p < 0.01) and alpha- (p < 0.01) and beta-carotene but not MDA (p = 0.633). In the liver metastases group 41 patients died of their cancer and a further 1 patient died of intercurrent disease on follow-up. On univariate survival analysis, mGPS (p < 0.01), retinol (p < 0.001), alpha-tocopherol (p < 0.05) and alpha-carotene (p < 0.05) were associated significantly with cancer-specific survival. On multivariate survival analysis of these significant variables, only mGPS (p < 0.01) and retinol (p < 0.001) were independently associated with cancer-specific survival. The results of the present study showed that the systemic inflammatory response was associated with a reduction of lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins, whereas advanced tumour stage was associated with increased lipid peroxidation in patients with colorectal cancer. Of the antioxidant vitamins measured, only retinol was independently associated with cancer-specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y L Leung
- University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom
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Effects of Tempol, a Membrane-Permeable Radical Scavenger, on Local and Remote Organ Injuries Caused by Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats. J Surg Res 2008; 149:259-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.12.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Babo S, Charbonneau M. Measurement of Rat Mitochondrial Hydroperoxides Using in Situ Liver Perfusion of 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/15376519409068448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Patrick-Iw K, Wegwu M. Prevention of Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Liver Damage in Rats by Acanthus montanus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2008.213.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kirimlioglu H, Ecevit A, Yilmaz S, Kirimlioglu V, Karabulut AB. Effect of resveratrol and melatonin on oxidative stress enzymes, regeneration, and hepatocyte ultrastructure in rats subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:285-9. [PMID: 18261607 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We sought to compare the antioxidant effects of resveratrol (R) and melatonin (M) after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) as evidenced by ultrastructural alterations and effects on hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS Twenty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups: group A (n = 8) resveratrol (R); group B (n = 8) melatonin (M); group C (n = 5) control PH; group D (n = 5) sham operated animals. The rats that received either R or M were sacrificed a week after PH. The malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and nitric oxide levels were estimated in liver homogenates. The morphological changes were investigated using light and electron microscopy (EM). Cell proliferation was detected by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67. Apoptosis was detected by the transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling method. RESULTS PH induced hepatic LP, decreased GSH and NO, and inhibited GST activity (P < .05). R and M completely prevented PH-induced lipid peroxidation, decreased hepatic GSH and NO levels (P < .05). The inhibition of GST activity was prevented by R (P < .05), but not with M (P > .05). In the PH group EM showed severe morphological changes: mitochondrial degeneration, vacuoles, lipid droplets, and myelin-like figures. In both the R and M groups, morphological alterations repaired protective effects more prominently in the R group. Ki-67 indices (KI) were increased in the PH group and decreased in both R and M groups (P < .001). In the M group, KI was the lowest, but the difference compared with R was not significant (P > .05). Apoptosis was slightly increased in PH, but in either the R or M groups, apoptosis was intensively increased (P < .001). Increased apoptosis was greatest in the M group and the difference compared with the R group was statistically significant (P < .05). CONCLUSION R and M suppressed PH-induced oxidative damage, attenuated proliferation, and stimulated apoptosis. When we compared R and M, R showed more potent antioxidative effects and was morphologically more protective to hepatocytes. Antiproliferative effects of M were more potent. Because of their potent antioxidative effects, R and M can be effective for oxidative damage like ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, because of the adverse effects on proliferation and apoptosis more studies are needed in states in which regeneration is critical.
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