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Bedair AF, Wahid A, El-Mezayen NS, El-Yazbi AF, Khalil HA, Hassan NW, Afify EA. Nicorandil/ morphine crosstalk accounts for antinociception and hepatoprotection in hepatic fibrosis in rats: Distinct roles of opioid/cGMP and NO/KATP pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115068. [PMID: 37392650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous report indicated that nicorandil potentiated morphine antinociception and attenuated hepatic injury in liver fibrotic rats. Herein, the underlying mechanisms of nicorandil/morphine interaction were investigated using pharmacological, biochemical, histopathological, and molecular docking studies. Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 40%, 2 ml/kg) twice weekly for 5 weeks to induce hepatic fibrosis. Nicorandil (15 mg/kg/day) was administered per os (p.o.) for 14 days in presence of the blockers; glibenclamide (KATP channel blocker, 5 mg/kg, p.o.), L-NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 15 mg/kg, p.o.), methylene blue (MB, guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) and naltrexone (opioid antagonist, 20 mg/kg, i.p.). At the end of the 5th week, analgesia was evaluated using tail flick and formalin tests along with biochemical determinations of liver function tests, oxidative stress markers and histopathological examination of liver tissues. Naltrexone and MB inhibited the antinociceptive activity of the combination. Furthermore, combined nicorandil/morphine regimen attenuated the release of endogenous peptides. Docking studies revealed a possible interaction of nicorandil on µ, κ and δ opioid receptors. Nicorandil/morphine combination protected against liver damage as evident by decreased liver enzymes, liver index, hyaluronic acid, lipid peroxidation, fibrotic insults, and increased superoxide dismutase activity. Nicorandil/morphine hepatoprotection and antioxidant activity were inhibited by glibenclamide and L-NAME but not by naltrexone or MB. These findings implicate opioid activation/cGMP versus NO/KATP channels in the augmented antinociception, and hepatoprotection, respectively, of the combined therapy and implicate provoked cross talk by nicorandil and morphine on opioid receptors and cGMP signaling pathway. That said, nicorandil/morphine combination provides a potential multitargeted therapy to alleviate pain and preserve liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asser F Bedair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nesrine S El-Mezayen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hadeel A Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nayera W Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elham A Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Kong L, Shata MTM, Brown JL, Lyons MS, Sherman KE, Blackard JT. The synthetic opioid fentanyl increases HIV replication and chemokine co-receptor expression in vitro. J Neurovirol 2022; 28:583-594. [PMID: 35976538 PMCID: PMC11135282 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-022-01090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The US is experiencing a major public health crisis that is fueled by the illicit use of synthetic opioids including fentanyl. While several drugs of abuse can enhance viral replication and/or antagonize immune responses, the impact of specific synthetic opioids on HIV pathogenesis is poorly understood. Thus, we evaluated the effects of fentanyl on HIV replication in vitro. HIV-susceptible or HIV-expressing cell lines were incubated with fentanyl. HIV p24 synthesis and chemokine receptor levels were quantified by ELISA in culture supernatants and cell lysates, respectively. Addition of fentanyl resulted in a dose-dependent increase in HIV replication. Fentanyl enhanced expression of the HIV chemokine co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 and caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability. The opioid antagonist naltrexone blocked the effect of fentanyl on HIV replication and CCR5 receptor levels but not CXCR4 receptor levels. TLR9 expression was induced by HIV; however, fentanyl inhibited TLR9 expression in a dose-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that the synthetic opioid fentanyl can promote HIV replication in vitro. As increased HIV levels are associated with accelerated disease progression and higher likelihood of transmission, additional research is required to enhance the understanding of opioid-virus interactions and to develop new and/or optimized treatment strategies for persons with HIV and opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kong
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | - Mohamed Tarek M Shata
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael S Lyons
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth E Sherman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason T Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ML 0595, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA.
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Drugs of Abuse and Their Impact on Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122387. [PMID: 34960656 PMCID: PMC8707190 DOI: 10.3390/v13122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Commonly misused substances such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and opioids suppress immune responses and may impact viral pathogenesis. In recent years, illicit use of opioids has fueled outbreaks of several viral pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This review focuses on the myriad of mechanisms by which drugs of abuse impact viral replication and disease progression. Virus–drug interactions can accelerate viral disease progression and lead to increased risk of virus transmission.
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Mas-Orea X, Sebert M, Benamar M, Petitfils C, Blanpied C, Saoudi A, Deraison C, Barreau F, Cenac N, Dietrich G. Peripheral Opioid Receptor Blockade Enhances Epithelial Damage in Piroxicam-Accelerated Colitis in IL-10-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7387. [PMID: 34299013 PMCID: PMC8304158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal CD4+ T lymphocytes display a potent opioid-mediated analgesic activity in interleukin (IL)-10 knockout mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Considering that endogenous opioids may also exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in the periphery, we examined the consequences of a peripheral opioid receptor blockade by naloxone-methiodide, a general opioid receptor antagonist unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, on the development of piroxicam-accelerated colitis in IL-10-deficient (IL-10-/-) mice. Here, we show that IL-10-deficient mice treated with piroxicam exhibited significant alterations of the intestinal barrier function, including permeability, inflammation-related bioactive lipid mediators, and mucosal CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets. Opioid receptor antagonization in the periphery had virtually no effect on colitis severity but significantly worsened epithelial cell apoptosis and intestinal permeability. Thus, although the endogenous opioid tone is not sufficient to reduce the severity of colitis significantly, it substantially contributes to the protection of the physical integrity of the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Mas-Orea
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Morgane Sebert
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- INFINITY, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Camille Petitfils
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- INFINITY, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Frederick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
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Kong L, Karns R, Shata MTM, Brown JL, Lyons MS, Sherman KE, Blackard JT. The synthetic opioid fentanyl enhances viral replication in vitro. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249581. [PMID: 33852610 PMCID: PMC8046189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The US is in the midst of a major drug epidemic fueled in large part by the widespread recreational use of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl. Persons with opioid use disorder are at significant risk for transmission of injection-associated infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Commonly abused substances may antagonize immune responses and promote viral replication. However, the impact of synthetic opioids on virus replication has not been well explored. Thus, we evaluated the impact of fentanyl and carfentanil using in vitro systems that replicate infectious viruses. Fentanyl was used in cell lines replicating HBV or HCV at concentrations of 1 ng, 100 ng, and 10 ug. Viral protein synthesis was quantified by ELISA, while apoptosis and cell death were measured by M30 or MTT assays, respectively. HCV replicative fitness was evaluated in a luciferase-based system. RNAseq was performed to evaluate cellular gene regulation in the presence of fentanyl. Low dose fentanyl had no impact on HCV replication in Huh7.5JFH1 hepatocytes; however, higher doses significantly enhanced HCV replication. Similarly, a dose-dependent increase in HCV replicative fitness was observed in the presence of fentanyl. In the HepG2.2.15 hepatocyte cell line, fentanyl caused a dose-dependent increase in HBV replication, although only a higher doses than for HCV. Addition of fentanyl resulted in significant apoptosis in both hepatocyte cell lines. Cell death was minimal at low drug concentrations. RNAseq identified a number of hepatocyte genes that were differentially regulated by fentanyl, including those related to apoptosis, the antiviral / interferon response, chemokine signaling, and NFκB signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that synthetic opioids promote viral replication but may have distinct effects depending on the drug dose and the viral target. As higher viral loads are associated with pathogenesis and virus transmission, additional research is essential to an enhanced understanding of opioid-virus pathogenesis and for the development of new and optimized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kong
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Digestive Health Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Tarek M. Shata
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Brown
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Lyons
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E. Sherman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Augé C, Basso L, Blanpied C, Vergnolle N, Gamé X, Chabot S, Lluel P, Dietrich G. Pain Management in a Model of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome by a Vaccinal Strategy. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:642706. [PMID: 35295433 PMCID: PMC8915701 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.642706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current analgesic treatments for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) are limited. Here, we propose a novel antinociceptive strategy exploiting the opioid-mediated analgesic properties of T lymphocytes to relieve from bladder pain. In a chronic model of IC/BPS in rats, we show that a secondary T cell response against intravesically administered ovalbumin prevents from visceral pain in OVA-primed animals. The analgesic effect is associated with the recruitment of T lymphocytes within the inflamed mucosa and is reversed by naloxone-methiodide, a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist. Similarly, intravesical instillation of BCG or tetanus toxoid antigens in vaccinated rats protects from pain in the same model. We show opioid-dependent analgesic properties of local vaccine antigen recall in a preclinical rat model of chronic cystitis. Since BCG bladder instillation is regularly used in humans (as anticancer therapy), our results open it as a new therapeutic positioning for a pain management indication for IC/BPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Augé
- Urosphere, Department of Pain and Inflammation, Toulouse, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Xavier Gamé
- Urology Department, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, I2MC-U1048, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Chabot
- Urosphere, Department of Pain and Inflammation, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Lluel
- Urosphere, Department of Pain and Inflammation, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Philippe Lluel
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Blackard JT, Brown JL, Lyons MS. Synthetic Opioid Use and Common Injection-associated Viruses: Expanding the Translational Research Agenda. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:94-101. [PMID: 31210115 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190618154534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The US is in the midst of a major epidemic of opioid addiction and related comorbidities. People with opioid use disorder (OUD) are at significant risk for transmission of several blood-borne pathogens including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Commonly abused opioids and their receptors promote viral replication and virus-mediated pathology. However, most studies demonstrating an adverse effect of drugs of abuse have been conducted in vitro, the specific effects of synthetic opioids on viral replication have been poorly characterized, and the evaluation of opioid-virus interactions in clinically relevant populations is rare. Rigorous characterization of the interactions among synthetic opioids, host cells, and common injection-associated viral infections will require an interdisciplinary research approach and translational studies conducted on humans. Such research promises to improve clinical management paradigms for difficult-to-treat populations, facilitate rational public health policies given severely strained resources, and reveal additional pathways for novel target-specific therapeutic interventions. This mini-review examines the published literature on the effects of opioids on HIV, HBV, and HCV pathogenesis and proposes a series of scientific questions and considerations to establish a translational research agenda focused on opioid-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Addiction Sciences Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Michael S Lyons
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
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Moslehi A, Nabavizadeh F, Zekri A, Amiri F. Naltrexone changes the expression of lipid metabolism-related proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum stress induced hepatic steatosis in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:207-212. [PMID: 27813192 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely associated with several chronic diseases such as obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and hepatic steatosis. Steatosis in hepatocytes may also lead to disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and possibly cirrhosis. Opioid peptides are involved in triglyceride and cholesterol dysregulation. Naltrexone also attenuates ER stress induced hepatic steatosis in mice. In this study, we evaluated the effects of naltrexone on the expression of lipid metabolism-related nuclear factors and enzymes in the ER stress induced hepatic steatosis. C57/BL6 mice received saline, DMSO and naltrexone as control groups. In a fourth group, ER stress was induced by tunicamycin (TM) injection and in the last group, naltrexone was given before TM administration. Histopathological evaluations, real-time RT-PCR and western blot were performed. We found that GRP78, IRE1α, PERK and ATF6 gene expression and steatosis significantly reduced in naltrexone treated animals. Naltrexone alleviated the gene and protein expression of SREBP1c. Expression of ACAT1, apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and PPARα also increased after naltrexone treatment. In conclusion, this study, for the first time, shows that naltrexone has a considerable role in attenuation of ER stress-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Moslehi
- Cellular& Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zekri
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amiri
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Fas Receptor Activation by Endogenous Opioids Is A New Mechanism for Cardiomyopathy in Cirrhotic Rats. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2017; 7:107-114. [PMID: 28663674 PMCID: PMC5478937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis, a common consequence of chronic liver inflammation is associated with various cardiovascular dysfunctions which are called cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CC). Among the various possible causes of CC, apoptosis is considered to have a pivotal role. OBJECTIVES To explore the contribution of endogenous opioids in the apoptosis process in a rat model of CC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four genes were selected to cover both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Cardiac samples from 4 groups of rats were evaluated. Two groups were cirrhotic through bile duct ligation (BDL) receiving either naltrexone (BDL-naltrexone) or saline (BDL-saline), two others were normal rats as sham groups receiving either naltrexone (sham-naltrexone) or saline (sham-saline). Expression level of BCL2, Caspase3, Fas and FasL was explored in all groups using reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. RESULTS BDL-saline group showed significant over-expression of BCL2, caspase3 and Fas. BCL2 expression was 1.44 (P < 0.001) and caspasse3 was 1.35 (P < 0.001) times higher than sham-saline group, Fas was also overexpressed 1.3 (P < 0.001) times higher than BDL-naltrexone group and 1.91 (P < 0.001) compared to sham-naltrexone group. Caspase3 expression was 1.35 (P < 0.001) folds higher than sham-naltrexone group. The expression pattern of FasL revealed no statistically significant change among study groups. CONCLUSION Fas molecule enrollment during CC is a novel finding. Fas molecule is activated during cirrhosis through elevated levels of endogenous opioids. This pathway is one of the leading causes of CC. Our findings also demonstrated the protective role of naltrexone as opioids antagonist on cardiomyocytes in a rat model of CC.
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Naloxone pretreatment prevents kidney injury after liver ischemia reperfusion injury. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1113-20. [PMID: 27055556 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, on the renal injury as a remote organ after hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups as follows: sham, sham + naloxone, IR and IR + naloxone. In anesthetized rats, hepatic ischemia was applied for 30 min in IR and IR + naloxone groups. Sham + naloxone and IR + naloxone groups were given naloxone (3.0 mg/kg, iv) 30 min before ischemia. After 24 h, blood and tissue samples were obtained for histopathological, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Histopathological study of liver in IR group showed enlarged sinusoids, sinusoidal congestion, cellular degenerative changes and necrosis. The kidney of the rats with hepatic IR showed pathological changes in tubular cell swelling, tubular dilatation, moderate to severe necrosis, glomerular fibrosis and hemorrhage. Histological examination confirmed the extent of hepatic and renal changes in IR group was higher (P < 0.05) than in other groups. Rats that underwent hepatic IR exhibited significant increase in serum concentrations of urea and creatinine levels (P < 0.05). The serum alanine aminotransferase and aminotransferase values were significantly higher in IR group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Liver IR produced a significant increase in hepatic and renal tissue MDA levels, while pretreatment with naloxone was associated with a significantly lower MDA levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that naloxone pretreatment protected the renal injury from hepatic IR.
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Remifentanil Ameliorates Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibition of Interleukin-18 Signaling. Transplantation 2016; 99:2109-17. [PMID: 25919765 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) after transplantation or lobectomy is a major clinical problem. The potential benefit of remifentanil in these hepatic surgeries remains unknown. The current study investigated whether remifentanil protects the liver against I/R injury in a rat model and whether the underlying mechanism involves the modulation of interleukin (IL)-18 signaling. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 45 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Then, they received an intravenous saline or remifentanil (0.4, 2, or 10 μg/kg per minute) infusion from 30 minutes before ischemia until the end of ischemia with or without previous administration of naloxone, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist. Serum aminotransferase, hepatic morphology, and hepatic neutrophil infiltration were analyzed. The expression of hepatic IL-18; IL-18-binding protein (BP); and key cytokines downstream of IL-18 signaling were measured. RESULTS Remifentanil significantly decreased serum aminotransferase levels and profoundly attenuated the liver histologic damages. Liver I/R injury increased the expression of both hepatic IL-18 and IL-18BP. Although remifentanil pretreatment significantly decreased I/R-induced IL-18 expression, it further upregulated IL-18BP levels in liver tissues. The I/R-induced increases of hepatic interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β expression, and neutrophil infiltration were also significantly reduced by remifentanil. Naloxone inhibited the remifentanil-induced downregulation of IL-18, but not the elevation of IL-18BP, and significantly attenuated its protective effects on liver I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Remifentanil protects the liver against I/R injury. Modulating the hepatic IL-18/IL-18BP balance and inhibiting IL-18 signaling mediate, at least in part, the hepatoprotective effects of remifentanil.
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12
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Basso L, Bourreille A, Dietrich G. Intestinal inflammation and pain management. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 25:50-5. [PMID: 26629597 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation results in the production of inflammatory pain-inducing mediators that may directly activate colon sensory neurons. Endogenous opioids produced by mucosal effector CD4(+) T lymphocytes identified as colitogenic may paradoxically counterbalance the local pro-algesic effect of inflammatory mediators by acting on opioid receptors expressed on sensory nerve endings. The review will focus on the endogenous immune-mediated regulation of visceral inflammatory pain, current pain treatments in inflammatory bowel diseases and prospectives on new opioid therapeutic opportunities to alleviate pain but avoiding common centrally-mediated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Basso
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- INSERM, U913, Nantes F-44093, France; Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes F-44093, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31300, France.
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13
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Moslehi A, Nabavizadeh F, Nabavizadeh F, Dehpour AR, Dehpou AR, Tavanga SM, Hassanzadeh G, Zekri A, Nahrevanian H, Sohanaki H. Naltrexone attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress induced hepatic injury in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:341-52. [PMID: 25183508 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.101.2014.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress provides abnormalities in insulin action, inflammatory responses, lipoprotein B100 degradation and hepatic lipogenesis. Excess accumulation of triglyceride in hepatocytes may also lead to disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Opioid peptides are involved in triglyceride and cholesterol dysregulation, inflammation and cell death. In this study, we evaluated Naltrexone effects on ER stress induced liver injury. To do so, C57/BL6 mice received saline, DMSO and Naltrexone, as control groups. ER stress was induced by tunicamycin (TM) injection. Naltrexone was given before TM administration. Liver blood flow and biochemical serum analysis were measured. Histopathological evaluations, TNF-α measurement and Real-time RT-PCR were also performed. TM challenge provokes steatosis, cellular ballooning and lobular inflammation which significantly reduced in Naltrexone treated animals. ALT, AST and TNF-α increased in the TM group and improved in the Naltrexone plus TM group. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased in TM treated mice with no increase in Naltrexone treated animals. In the Naltrexone plus TM group, gene expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase3 significantly lowered compared with the TM group. In this study, we found that Naltrexone had a notable alleviating role in ER stress induced steatosis and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moslehi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Tehran 1417613151 Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Tehran 1417613151 Iran
| | | | - A R Dehpou
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - S M Tavanga
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Shariati Hospital Tehran Iran
| | - G Hassanzadeh
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - A Zekri
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - H Nahrevanian
- Pasteur Institute of Iran Department of Parasitology Tehran Iran
| | - H Sohanaki
- Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
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14
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Dabbagh A, Rajaei S. The role of anesthetic drugs in liver apoptosis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e13162. [PMID: 24069040 PMCID: PMC3782737 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The modern practice of anesthesia is highly dependent ona group of anesthetic drugs which many of them are metabolized in the liver. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The liver, of course, usually tolerates this burden. However, this is not always an unbroken rule. Anesthetic induced apoptosis has gained great concern during the last years; especially considering the neurologic system. RESULTS However, we have evidence that there is some concern regarding their effects on the liver cells. Fortunately not all the anesthetics are blamed and even some could be used safely, based on the available evidence. CONCLUSIONS Besides, there are some novel agents, yet under research, which could affect the future of anesthetic agents' fate regarding their hepatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dabbagh
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ali Dabbagh, Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9121972368, Fax: +98-2122074101, E-mail: ,
| | - Samira Rajaei
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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15
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Gottschalk S, Zwingmann C, Raymond VA, Hohnholt MC, Chan TS, Bilodeau M. Hepatocellular apoptosis in mice is associated with early upregulation of mitochondrial glucose metabolism. Apoptosis 2012; 17:143-53. [PMID: 22109881 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte death due to apoptosis is a hallmark of almost every liver disease. Manipulation of cell death regulatory steps during the apoptotic process is therefore an obvious goal of biomedical research. To clarify whether metabolic changes occur prior to the characteristic apoptotic events, we used ex vivo multinuclear NMR-spectroscopy to study metabolic pathways of [U-(13)C]glucose in mouse liver during Fas-induced apoptosis. We addressed whether these changes could be associated with protection against apoptosis afforded by Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Our results show that serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels, caspase-3 activity, BID cleavage and changes in cellular energy stores were not observed before 3 h following anti-Fas injection. However, as early as 45 min after anti-Fas treatment, we observed upregulation of carbon entry (i.e. flux) from glucose into the Krebs-cycle via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) (up to 139% and 123% of controls, respectively, P < 0.001). This was associated with increased glutathione synthesis. EGF treatment significantly attenuated Fas-induced apoptosis, liver injury and the late decrease in energy stores, as well as the early fluxes through PDH and PC which were comparable to untreated controls. Using ex vivo multinuclear NMR-spectroscopic analysis, we have shown that Fas receptor activation in mouse liver time-dependently affects specific metabolic pathways of glucose. These early upregulations in glucose metabolic pathways occur prior to any visible signs of apoptosis and may have the potential to contribute to the initiation of apoptosis by maintaining mitochondrial energy production and cellular glutathione stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gottschalk
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier du l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, QC, H2X 1P1, Canada.
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16
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Wang Y, Wong GTC, Man K, Irwin MG. Pretreatment with intrathecal or intravenous morphine attenuates hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury in normal and cirrhotic rat liver. Br J Anaesth 2012; 109:529-39. [PMID: 22745352 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids have been shown to attenuate ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in a number of organs. We evaluated the effect of morphine pretreatment on IRI in both normal and cirrhotic rat liver. METHODS Morphine was administered either i.v. or intrathecally (i.t.) 10 min before initiating 1 h of ischaemia followed by 6 h reperfusion in normal rat liver. Hepatic injury was assessed histologically using Suzuki's criteria. These manoeuvres were repeated using the optimal dose of morphine after administration of naloxone methiodide and wortmannin. Serum levels of transaminases were measured, and expression of phosphorylated Akt, Jak2, and STAT3 were assessed by immunoblotting. Similar procedures were repeated on rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis, and the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase C (PKC), haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also evaluated, as these proteins have beneficial effects during IRI. RESULTS Morphine pretreatment at 100 µg kg(-1) (i.v.) or 10 µg (i.t.) reduced necrosis, apoptosis, and serum transaminase levels, and increased phosphorylated Akt and STAT3 but not JAK2 expression in normal liver. These changes were reversed by prior administration of naloxone methiodide and wortmannin. Although morphine preconditioning was also protective in cirrhotic liver, STAT3 and JAK2 phosphorylation status was unchanged. There was, however, increased expression of phosphorylated PKC and HO-1, and a reduction in iNOS. CONCLUSIONS Morphine preconditioning protects against IRI in both normal and cirrhotic rat liver. This involves opioid receptors, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and Akt. The downstream pathways involved are different for cirrhotic liver, with preliminary evidence suggesting involvement of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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17
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Asiabanha M, Asadikaram G, Rahnema A, Mahmoodi M, Hasanshahi G, Hashemi M, Khaksari M. Chronic Opium Treatment Can Differentially Induce Brain and Liver Cells Apoptosis in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Male and Female Rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:327-32. [PMID: 22359469 PMCID: PMC3282219 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.6.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that some opium derivatives promote cell death via apoptosis. This study was designed to examine the influence of opium addiction on brain and liver cells apoptosis in male and female diabetic and non-diabetic Wistar rats. This experimental study was performed on normal, opium-addicted, diabetic and diabetic opium-addicted male and female rats. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL and DNA fragmentation assays. Results of this study showed that apoptosis in opium-addicted and diabetic opium-addicted brain and liver cells were significantly higher than the both normal and diabetic rats. In addition, we found that apoptosis in brain cells of opium-addicted and diabetic opium-addicted male rats were significantly higher than opium-addicted and diabetic opium-addicted female, whereas apoptosis in liver cells of opium-addicted and diabetic opium-addicted female rats were significantly higher than opium-addicted and diabetic opium-addicted male. Overall, these results indicate that opium probably plays an important role in brain and liver cells apoptosis, therefore, leading neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. These findings also in away possibly means that male brain cells are more susceptible than female and interestingly liver of females are more sensitive than males in induction of apoptosis by opium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Asiabanha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, P.O.Box: 7515412578, Iran
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18
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Bénard A, Cavaillès P, Boué J, Chapey E, Bayry J, Blanpied C, Meyer N, Lamant L, Kaveri SV, Brousset P, Dietrich G. μ-Opioid Receptor Is Induced by IL-13 within Lymph Nodes from Patients with Sézary Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1337-44. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Deroee AF, Nezami BG, Mehr SE, Hosseini R, Salmasi AH, Talab SS, Jahanzad I, Dehpour AR. Cholestasis induced nephrotoxicity: The role of endogenous opioids. Life Sci 2010; 86:488-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Chronic Upregulation of the Endogenous Opioid System Impairs the Skin Flap Survival in Rats. Ann Plast Surg 2009; 63:558-63. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e31818d458e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Yan Zhang, Qiuyue Chen, Yu LC. Morphine: A Protective or Destructive Role in Neurons? Neuroscientist 2008; 14:561-570. [DOI: 10.1177/1073858408314434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Morphine has received intensive research interest for a long time. However, until recently, the protective versus destructive roles of morphine in the neuronal system have not been studied. There is evidence suggesting that morphine induces apoptotic cell death in neuronal and glial cells, whereas controversial studies support a neuroprotective role for morphine. The exact mechanisms for both protective and destructive pathways are not clear and are still under investigation. Improved understanding of morphine neuroprotection and neurotoxicity will be helpful to control morphine side effects in medical applications and to identify new targets for potential therapies and prevention strategies to opioid addiction. NEUROSCIENTIST 14(6):561-570, 2008. DOI:
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China,
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Chuan Yu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Bénard A, Boué J, Chapey E, Jaume M, Gomes B, Dietrich G. Delta opioid receptors mediate chemotaxis in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 197:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Wang CC, Cheng PY, Peng YJ, Wu ESC, Wei HP, Yen MH. Naltrexone Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine–Induced Hepatitis in Mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 108:239-47. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08096fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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24
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Jaume M, Laffont S, Chapey E, Blanpied C, Dietrich G. Opioid receptor blockade increases the number of lymphocytes without altering T cell response in draining lymph nodes in vivo. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 188:95-102. [PMID: 17617474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have been dedicated to estimate the consequences on immunity of the clinical use of opioids by focusing on mitogen-induced polyclonal proliferation of T cells from blood or spleen. Here we examined, under physiological conditions, the contribution of endogenous opioids in the development of a CD4(+) T cell response within draining lymph nodes. We show in OVA-primed DO11.10 mice that delta-opioid receptors were up-regulated upon T cell activation in vivo and that opioid receptor neutralization increased the number of specific anti-OVA T lymphocytes without promoting their capacity to proliferate. The sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis of T lymphocytes and the synthesis of homeostatic lymphoid chemokines were not either affected suggesting that opioids operate mainly before the entry of T lymphocytes into lymph nodes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Death/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genes, MHC Class II/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid/physiology
- fas Receptor/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Jaume
- INSERM, U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
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25
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Payabvash S, Kiumehr S, Nezami BG, Zandieh A, Anvari P, Tavangar SM, Dehpour AR. Endogenous opioids modulate hepatocyte apoptosis in a rat model of chronic cholestasis: the role of oxidative stress. Liver Int 2007; 27:538-47. [PMID: 17403194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/BACKGROUND There are increasing number of evidences indicating the contribution of endogenous opioids in the pathophysiology of cholestatic liver disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the endogenous-opioid system in the modulation of hepatocytes apoptosis and liver oxidant/anti-oxidant balance during chronic cholestasis in rats. METHODS We induced cholestasis in rats by bile duct ligation (BDL). Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, was administered at different doses (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day) to cholestatic animals for 5 weeks. RESULTS Naltrexone prevented the cholestasis-induced decrease of hepatic glutathione levels at higher doses (20 and 40 mg/kg/day). In the next phase of the study, we evaluated the effects of 20 mg/kg/day naltrexone treatment on hepatic damage indices and liver oxidant/anti-oxidant balance in 5-week BDL rats. There was a marked increase in the number of apoptotic hepatocytes as well as serum liver enzymes and hepatic lipid peroxidation levels in cholestatic rats compared with sham-operated animals 5 weeks after the operation. Liver anti-oxidant enzyme activities were significantly reduced in cholestatic rats compared with controls. Chronic treatment with naltrexone significantly improved all the aforementioned indices in comparison with saline-treated cholestatic rats. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that the administration of opioid antagonist is protective against hepatic damage in a rat model of chronic cholestasis. We suggest that increased levels of endogenous opioids contribute to hepatocytes apoptosis in cholestasis, possibly through downregulation of liver anti-oxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Kim JS, Lemasters JJ. Opioid receptor-independent protection of ischemic rat hepatocytes by morphine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 351:958-64. [PMID: 17097606 PMCID: PMC1783610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of morphine in anoxia/reoxygenation injury to hepatocytes. Overnight cultured rat hepatocytes were incubated in anoxic buffer at pH 6.2 for 4h and reoxygenated at pH 7.4 for 2h to simulate anoxia/reoxygenation. Some hepatocytes were preincubated with 50 microM morphine for 10 min prior to onset of anoxia/reoxygenation. To study the effect of morphine on nitric oxide (NO), hepatocytes were loaded with 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM). Changes in NO concentration were assessed with a multi-well fluorescence reader and confocal microscopy. Morphine substantially improved cell viability after reoxygenation and increased NO generation, which was blocked by ATP-sensitive potassium channel blockers. Confocal images revealed that the increase in NO occurred mainly at the cytosol. However, treatment with opioid receptor antagonists did not reverse cytoprotection by morphine. These results indicate that morphine prevents anoxia/reoxygenation injury to hepatocytes. Protective mechanisms are associated with the potassium channels and NO, but are independent of opioid receptor-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Correspondence: Jae-Sung Kim, Ph.D,. Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, RG-232C ARB, Gainesville, FL 32610, Phone: (352) 392-7461, FAX: (352) 392-0080, E-mail:
| | - John J. Lemasters
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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27
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Payabvash S, Beheshtian A, Salmasi AH, Kiumehr S, Ghahremani MH, Tavangar SM, Sabzevari O, Dehpour AR. Chronic morphine treatment induces oxidant and apoptotic damage in the mice liver. Life Sci 2006; 79:972-80. [PMID: 16750225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2006] [Revised: 04/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently many researchers have proposed a protective role for morphine against tumor growth and metastasis, especially through induction of apoptosis in tumoral cells. These findings may lead to underestimation of cytotoxic effects of opioid drugs which are usually expected only at high doses. The present study was conducted to clarify whether repeated morphine administration, which is commonly used for relief from chronic pain, would interfere with liver antioxidant defence and hepatocytes vitality. Morphine was injected repeatedly at doses that have been reported to relieve cancer pain and reduce tumor spread in mice (5 and 10 mg/kg/day for nine consecutive days). The changes in hepatic glutathione concentration, its synthesis pathway and enzymatic antioxidant defense revealed the pro-oxidant effects of chronic morphine treatment on the liver. None of these changes were observed in those mice that were co-treated with naltrexone (opioid antagonist) and same doses of morphine. However induction of liver conjugating enzymes following morphine treatment was not receptor mediated. Moreover, chronic morphine treatment induced hepatocytes apoptosis. Interestingly, the apoptotic changes were antagonized by co-administration of either naltrexone or thiol antioxidant. In conclusion, although hepatotoxic effects of morphine at high doses have been reported previously, our findings propose that repeated morphine administration even at lower doses would induce oxidative stress in the liver, which may contribute to induction of apoptosis in hepatocytes. Since many of the observed adverse effects were mediated by opioid receptors, our results suggest that other opioid analgesics should also be used more cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Moore K, Dusheiko G. Opiate abuse and viral replication in hepatitis C. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 167:1189-91. [PMID: 16251404 PMCID: PMC1603777 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Moore
- Centre for Hepatology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Rowland Hill St., London, NW3 2PF, UK.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali R Mani
- Centre for Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Royal Free & University College Medical School, University College London, London, UK.
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30
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Abstract
This paper is the 27th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over 30 years of research. It summarizes papers published during 2004 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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31
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Tabarin A, Diz-Chaves Y, Chaves YD, Carmona MDC, Catargi B, Zorrilla EP, Roberts AJ, Coscina DV, Rousset S, Redonnet A, Parker GC, Inoue K, Ricquier D, Pénicaud L, Kieffer BL, Koob GF. Resistance to diet-induced obesity in mu-opioid receptor-deficient mice: evidence for a "thrifty gene". Diabetes 2005; 54:3510-6. [PMID: 16306369 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.12.3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Using pharmacological tools, a role for opioid receptors in the regulation of food intake has been documented. However, the involvement of specific receptor subtypes remains questionable, and little information is available regarding a role for opioid receptors in energy metabolism. Using adult male mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) gene (MOR-/-), we show that the MOR is not essential for the maintenance of normal levels of ad libitum food intake but does modulate the efficiency of energy storage during high-fat diets through the regulation of energy partitioning. When fed a regular diet, MOR-/- mice displayed only subtle alterations in energy homeostasis, suggesting a relative overuse of fat as a fuel source in the fed state. When fed a high-fat diet, MOR-/- mice were resistant to obesity and impaired glucose tolerance, despite having similar energy intake to wild-type mice. This resistance to obesity was associated with a strong induction of the expression of key mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation within skeletal muscle. This metabolic role of the MOR, which is consistent with the properties of a "thrifty gene," suggests that the MOR pathway is a potential target for pharmacological intervention in the treatment of obesity associated with the intake of fatty diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tabarin
- Laboratoire Homéostasie-Allostasie-Pathologie, EA 3666, University of Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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