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Tsui YM, Ho DWH, Sze KMF, Lee JMF, Lee E, Zhang Q, Cheung GCH, Tang CN, Tang VWL, Cheung ETY, Lo ILO, Chan ACY, Cheung TT, Oi-Lin Ng I. Sorted-Cell Sequencing on HCC Specimens Reveals EPS8L3 as a Key Player in CD24/CD13/EpCAM-Triple Positive, Stemness-Related HCC Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:101358. [PMID: 38750898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous cancer with varying levels of liver tumor initiating or cancer stem cells in the tumors. We aimed to investigate the expression of different liver cancer stem cell (LCSC) markers in human HCCs and identify their regulatory mechanisms in stemness-related cells. METHODS We used an unbiased, single-marker sorting approach by flow cytometry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and transcriptomic analyses on HCC patients' resected specimens. Knockdown approach was used, and relevant functional assays were conducted on the identified targets of interest. RESULTS Flow cytometry on a total of 60 HCC resected specimens showed significant heterogeneity in the expression of LCSC markers, with CD24, CD13, and EpCAM mainly contributing to this heterogeneity. Concomitant expression of CD24, CD13, and EpCAM was detected in 32 HCC samples, and this was associated with advanced tumor stages. Transcriptomic sequencing on the HCC cells sorted for these individual markers identified epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8-like protein 3 (EPS8L3) as a common gene associated with the 3 markers and was functionally validated in HCC cells. Knocking down EPS8L3 suppressed the expression of all 3 markers. To search for the upstream regulation of EPS8L3, we found SP1 bound to EPS8L3 promoter to drive EPS8L3 expression. Furthermore, using Akt inhibitor MK2206, we showed that Akt signaling-driven SP1 drove the expression of the 3 LCSC markers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Akt signaling-driven SP1 promotes EPS8L3 expression, which is critical in maintaining the downstream expression of CD24, CD13, and EpCAM. The findings provide insight into potential LCSC-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Man Tsui
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Man-Fong Sze
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce Man-Fong Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eva Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gary Cheuk-Hang Cheung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | - Albert Chi-Yan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tan-To Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Li L, Zeng J, Zhang X, Feng Y, Lei JH, Xu X, Chen Q, Deng CX. Sirt6 ablation in the liver causes fatty liver that increases cancer risky by upregulating Serpina12. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1361-1386. [PMID: 38332150 PMCID: PMC10933290 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic liver abnormality that exhibits high variability and can lead to liver cancer in advanced stages. Hepatic ablation of SIRT6 results in fatty liver disease, yet the potential mechanism of SIRT6 deficiency, particularly in relation to downstream mediators for NAFLD, remains elusive. Here we identify Serpina12 as a key gene regulated by Sirt6 that plays a crucial function in energy homeostasis. Specifically, Sirt6 suppresses Serpina12 expression through histone deacetylation at its promoter region, after which the transcription factor, Cebpα, binds to and regulates its expression. Sirt6 deficiency results in an increased expression of Serpina12 in hepatocytes, which enhances insulin signaling and promotes lipid accumulation. Importantly, CRISPR-Cas9 mediated Serpina12 knockout in the liver ameliorated fatty liver disease caused by Sirt6 ablation. Finally, we demonstrate that Sirt6 functions as a tumor suppressor in the liver, and consequently, deletion of Sirt6 in the liver leads to not only the spontaneous development of tumors but also enhanced tumorigenesis in response to DEN treatment or under conditions of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licen Li
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yangyang Feng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Josh Haipeng Lei
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
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Zhou H, Zhu J, Wan H, Shao C, Chen T, Yang J, He Y, Wan H. The combination of danhong injection plus tissue plasminogen activator ameliorates mouse tail thrombosis-induced by κ-carrageenan. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154320. [PMID: 35830758 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After thrombosis, t-PA thrombolysis is the first choice, but the use of t-PA can easily lead to hemorrhagic injury and neurotoxicity. The combination of Danhong injection (DHI) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) therapy may be a new strategy to find high-efficiency anti-thrombosis and low bleeding risk. However, nothing is about the effect of DHI plus t-PA on platelet activation. PURPOSE The present research was to explore the optimal dose of DHI and t-PA in vivo and mechanisms involved with the treatment of combining DHI and t-PA for thrombotic disease and determined whether DHI plus t-PA affects thrombotic processes related to platelet activation. METHODS Mice were induced by administering κ-carrageenan intraperitoneally, the ratio of different doses of DHI and t-PA in vivo, and the optimal dose effects on platelet aggregation, platelet adhesion, thrombosis formation, and platelet activation were determined. The effects of the αIIbβ3 signaling pathway were analyzed in mice. RESULTS In vitro, DHI (62% v/v), t-PA (1 mg/ml), and DHI + t-PA (62% v/v + 1 mg/ml) decreased rat platelet aggregation and adhesion, with a stronger effect from the combination as compared to t-PA monotherapy. In vivo, injections of κ-carrageenan were used to induce BALB/c mice. The optimal dose of DHI, t-PA, and DHI + t-PA is 12 ml/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 12 ml/kg + 7.5 mg/kg. The administration of DHI (12 ml/kg), t-PA (10 mg/kg), and DHI + t-PA (12 ml/kg + 7.5 mg/kg) decreased thrombi in mouse tissue vessels. Furthermore, the reduction of thrombosis formation by DHI, t-PA, and DHI + t-PA was related to lower collagen deposition, and lowered expressions of collagen I, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in mouse tails, with increased efficacy in combination as compared to t-PA alone. The anti-thrombosis actions of DHI, t-PA, and their combination regulated the expression of CD41, purinergic receptor (P2Y12), guanine nucleotide-binding protein G (q) subunit alpha (GNAQ), phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c beta (PLCβ), Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1), RIAM, talin1, fibrinogen alpha chain (FG), kindlin-3, and RAS guany1-releasing protein 1 (RasGRP1). CONCLUSIONS Based on expression, the mechanism responsible for thrombosis may be attributed to platelet activation via the αIIbβ3 signaling pathway. Combination therapy with DHI and t-PA exerted potent thrombolytic effects. Thus, our data can be used as a foundation for further clinical studies examining the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Zhou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tianhang Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Tu WL, Chih YC, Shih YT, Yu YR, You LR, Chen CM. Context-specific roles of diphthamide deficiency in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2022; 258:149-163. [PMID: 35781884 DOI: 10.1002/path.5986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diphthamide biosynthesis protein 1 (DPH1) is biochemically involved in the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post-translational modification of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2). Earlier studies showed that DPH1, also known as ovarian cancer-associated gene 1 (OVCA1), is involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. However, the role of DPH1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. To investigate the impact of DPH1 in hepatocellular carcinogenesis, we have performed data mining from The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) dataset. We found that reduced DPH1 levels were associated with advanced stages and poor survival of patients with HCC. Also, we generated hepatocyte-specific Dph1 deficient mice and showed that diphthamide deficient EEF2 resulted in a reduced translation elongation rate in the hepatocytes and let to mild liver damage with fatty accumulation. After N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) -induced acute liver injury, p53-mediated pericentral hepatocyte death was increased, and compensatory proliferation was reduced in Dph1-deficient mice. Consistent with these effects, Dph1 deficiency decreased the incidence of DEN-induced pericentral-derived HCC and revealed a protective effect against p53 loss. In contrast, Dph1 deficiency combined with Trp53- or Trp53/Pten-deficient hepatocytes led to increased tumor loads associated with KRT19 (K19)-positive periportal-like cell expansion in mice. Further gene set enrichment analysis also revealed that HCC patients with lower levels of DPH1 and TP53 expression had enriched gene-sets related to the cell cycle and K19-upregulated HCC. Additionally, liver tumor organoids obtained from 6-month-old Pten/Trp53/Dph1-triple-mutant mice had a higher frequency of organoid re-initiation cells and higher proliferative index compared with those of the Pten/Trp53-double-mutant. Pten/Trp53/Dph1-triple-mutant liver tumor organoids showed expression of genes associated with stem/progenitor phenotypes, including Krt19 and Prominin-1 (Cd133) progenitor markers, combined with low hepatocyte-expressed fibrinogen genes. These findings indicate that diphthamide deficiency differentially regulates hepatocellular carcinogenesis, which inhibits pericentral hepatocytes-derived tumor and promotes periportal progenitors-associated liver tumors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Tu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming, Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chih
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming, Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Tung Shih
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming, Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Yu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming, Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ru You
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming, Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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The role of RNA binding proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114114. [PMID: 35063534 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of overall cancer deaths worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Due to the heterogeneity of HCC pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC development are not fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a vital role throughout hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, a deeper understanding of how RBPs contribute to HCC progression will provide new tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of this devastating disease. In this review, we summarize the tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles of RBPs and their roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RBPs in HCC, including their limitations, are also discussed.
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Advance of SOX Transcription Factors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Role, Tumor Immune Relevance to Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051165. [PMID: 35267473 PMCID: PMC8909699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest human health burdens worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism of HCC development is still not fully understood. Sex determining region Y-related high-mobility group box (SOX) transcription factors not only play pivotal roles in cell fate decisions during development but also participate in the initiation and progression of cancer. Given the significance of SOX factors in cancer and their ‘undruggable’ properties, we summarize the role and molecular mechanism of SOX family members in HCC and the regulatory effect of SOX factors in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of various cancers. For the first time, we analyze the association between the levels of SOX factors and that of immune components in HCC, providing clues to the pivotal role of SOX factors in the TIME of HCC. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges of targeting SOX factors for cancer. Abstract Sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) factors belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors that play essential roles in cell fate decisions involving numerous developmental processes. In recent years, the significance of SOX factors in the initiation and progression of cancers has been gradually revealed, and they act as potential therapeutic targets for cancer. However, the research involving SOX factors is still preliminary, given that their effects in some leading-edge fields such as tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remain obscure. More importantly, as a class of ‘undruggable’ molecules, targeting SOX factors still face considerable challenges in achieving clinical translation. Here, we mainly focus on the roles and regulatory mechanisms of SOX family members in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the fatal human health burdens worldwide. We then detail the role of SOX members in remodeling TIME and analyze the association between SOX members and immune components in HCC for the first time. In addition, we emphasize several alternative strategies involved in the translational advances of SOX members in cancer. Finally, we discuss the alternative strategies of targeting SOX family for cancer and propose the opportunities and challenges they face based on the current accumulated studies and our understanding.
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Chen J, Debebe A, Zeng N, Kopp J, He L, Sander M, Stiles BL. Transformation of SOX9 + cells by Pten deletion synergizes with steatotic liver injury to drive development of hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11823. [PMID: 34083580 PMCID: PMC8175600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9 (Sex-determining region Y Box 9) is a well-characterized transcription factor that is a marker for progenitor cells in various tissues. In the liver, cells delineated by SOX9 are responsible for regenerating liver parenchyma when cell proliferation is impaired following chronic injury. However, whether these SOX9+ cells play a role in liver carcinogenesis has not been fully understood, although high SOX9 expression has been linked to poor survival outcome in liver cancer patients. To address this question, we developed a liver cancer mouse model (PtenloxP/loxP; Sox9-CreERT+; R26RYFP) where tumor suppressor Pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) is deleted in SOX9+ cells following tamoxifen injection. In this paper, we employ lineage-tracing to demonstrate the tumorigenicity potential of the Pten-, SOX9+ cells. We show that these cells are capable of giving rise to mixed-lineage tumors that manifest features of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Our results suggest that PTEN loss induces the transformation of SOX9+ cells. We further show that to activate these transformed SOX9+ cells, the presence of liver injury is crucial. Liver injury, induced by hepatotoxin 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) or high-fat diet (HFD), substantially increases tumor incidence and accelerates liver carcinogenesis from SOX9+ cells in Pten null mice but not in control mice. We further examine the mechanisms underlying tumor formation in this model to show that concurrent with the induction of niche signal (i.e., Wnt signaling), liver injury significantly stimulates the expansion of tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Together, these data show that (1) SOX9+ cells have the potential to become TICs following the primary transformation (i.e. Pten deletion) and that (2) liver injury is necessary for promoting the activation and proliferation of transformed SOX9+ cells, resulting in the genesis of mixed-lineage liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Chen
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Anketse Debebe
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ni Zeng
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Janel Kopp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lina He
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellar and Molecular Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bangyan L Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Ha M, Huang X, Li L, Lu D, Liu C. PKCα mediated by the PI3K/Akt-FOXA1 cascade facilitates cypermethrin-induced hyperthyroidism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143727. [PMID: 33250241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP), a broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticide is extensively used. CYP is also considered as a potential endocrine disruptor with the thyroid-disturbing property. Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is a pleiotropic signal transduction molecule that functions crucially in thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis and thyroid functions. To explore underlying roles of PKCα in CYP-mediated disturbance of TH homeostasis, Sprague-Dawley rats and rat thyroid cells were used in this study. Results showed that β-CYP stimulated TH biosynthesis, as shown by the increase in plasma levels of TT4, FT4, TT3, FT3, and TSH. After β-CYP treatment, expressions of PKCα, three miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-330-3p, and miR-331-3p), thyroid transcription factor TTF-1, and thyroid-specific proteins (TSHr, TPO, and Tg) were significantly increased, while expressions of PI3K p110α, p-Akt, FOXA1, and thyroid transcription factors (TTF-2 and Pax8) were decreased. Further studies found that β-CYP induced PKCα translation by the miR-330-3p-targeted PI3K/Akt-FOXA1 cascade and then PKCα positively regulated TTF-1 to promote TPO and Tg expressions, which in turn facilitated TH biosynthesis. Likewise, PKCα positively modulated TSHr expressions to strengthen the TSH/TSHr signal in the HPT axis, thereby synergistically contributing to TH biosynthesis. Moreover, β-CYP also disturbed TH biotransformation and biotransport by inducing DIO1 and inhibiting DIO3 in thyroids and TTR expressions in livers. Taken together, β-CYP has the thyroid-disturbing effect and could promote TH biosynthesis, and PKCα plays vital roles in β-CYP-caused hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ha
- School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Xu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Lianbing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Daru Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China.
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Hooshmand S, Mahdinezhad MR, Taraz Jamshidi S, Soukhtanloo M, Mirzavi F, Iranshahi M, Hasanpour M, Ghorbani A. Morus nigra L. extract prolongs survival of rats with hepatocellular carcinoma. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3365-3376. [PMID: 33624311 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Morus nigra is a rich source of anthocyanins, phytochemicals that have anticancer effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of M. nigra extract (MNE) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into four groups (n = 10): control, DEN, and DEN +100 or 400 mg/kg of MNE. After 4 months, the DEN group showed a significant mortality rate, hepatic lipid peroxidation, dysplastic nodules in the cirrhotic liver, and an increase of blood bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also, the body weight gain, blood albumin and glucose, liver antioxidant capacity (thiol groups), and some hematological parameters (RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet) were significantly decreased in the DEN group. MNE significantly increased survival, reduced the size of HCC nodules, improved liver oxidant/antioxidant status, and prevented the above-mentioned changes in the blood (except ALP, glucose, and platelet). Quantitative real-time PCR showed that MNE decreased the expression of Wnt4 and β-catenin, while had no significant effect on PI3K, Akt, and PTEN expression. The MNE did not exhibit antiproliferative activity against HepG2 liver cancer cells. In conclusion, MNE exhibits a hepatoprotective effect through inhibiting oxidative stress and Wnt4/β-catenin pathway and therefore prolongs the survival of rats with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hooshmand
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mahdinezhad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Taraz Jamshidi
- Solid Tumor Treatment Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maedeh Hasanpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wang J, Lu X, Zheng K, Jing L. Glutamine's protection against brain damage in septic rats via increased protein oxygen-N-acetylglucosamine modification. Neuroreport 2021; 32:214-222. [PMID: 33470760 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to observe the effect of glutamine (Gln) on brain damage in septic rats and explore its possible mechanism. METHODS Ninety-three Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group, sepsis group, Gln-treated group, quercetin/Gln-treated group, and alloxan/Gln-treated group. The rats in each group were continuously monitored for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate changes for 16 h. Neuroreflex scores were measured 24 h after surgery. The water content of the brain tissue was measured. Plasma neuron enolase and cysteine protease-3 were measured using the ELISA. The expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and oxygen-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) were determined by western blot analysis. Finally, the brain tissue was observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS The brain tissue water content, plasma neuron enolase content, brain tissue cysteine protease-3 content, and nerve reflex score were significantly lower in the Gln-treated group than in the sepsis group (P < 0.05). At the same time, the pathological brain tissue damage in the Gln-treated group was also significantly reduced. It is worth noting that the expression of HSP70 and the protein O-GlcNAc modification levels in the Gln-treated group were significantly elevated than the levels in the sepsis group (P < 0.05), and reversed by pretreatment with the HSP and O-GlcNAc inhibitors quercetion and alloxan. CONCLUSIONS Gln can attenuate brain damage in rats with sepsis, which may be associated with increased protein O-GlcNAc modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Tang J, Xiao X, Jiang Y, Tian Y, Peng Z, Yang M, Xu Z, Gong G. miR-3 Encoded by Hepatitis B Virus Downregulates PTEN Protein Expression and Promotes Cell Proliferation. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2020; 7:257-269. [PMID: 33154957 PMCID: PMC7605949 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s271091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a key determinant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism by which HBV contributes to the development of HCC remains to be further explored. HBV-encoded miR-3 (HBV-miR-3) is a newly discovered microRNA that can affect the replication of HBV, but its influence on host genes is unclear. The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is expressed at low levels in most cancer cells. How HBV-miR-3 acts on PTEN to induce tumorigenesis has not been clarified. Materials and Methods PTEN protein expression was evaluated in HBV-miR-3-transfected cells and HBV-related liver cancer and paracancerous tissues. A luciferase reporter assay was employed to identify the HBV-miR-3 binding site on the 3ʹ-untranslated region (3ʹ-UTR) of PTEN. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was evaluated by colony formation assays. Transwell assays were used to detect cancer cell invasion. Results HBV-miR-3 was identified only in HBV-replicating HCC cells and HBV-infected patients. HBV-miR-3 expression in liver cancer tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues, and the corresponding PTEN expression was significantly decreased. Wild-type HBV-miR-3 bound to the 3ʹ-UTR of PTEN and downregulated its protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the inhibition of HBV-miR-3 rescued PTEN protein expression. Furthermore, HBV-miR-3 reduced liver cancer cell apoptosis, enhanced cell invasion, and promoted cell proliferation. Conclusion HBV-miR-3 binds to the 3ʹ-UTR of PTEN mRNA and downregulates PTEN protein expression, thereby reducing cell apoptosis and enhancing cell invasion and proliferation. These results indicate that HBV-miR-3 contributes to the development of HBV-related HCC and may be a therapeutic target for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- The Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiang Xiao
- The Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfang Jiang
- The Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tian
- The Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtian Peng
- The Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Henyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meichan Yang
- The Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- The Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Gong
- The Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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12
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Bai D, Wu Y, Deol P, Nobumori Y, Zhou Q, Sladek FM, Liu X. Palmitic acid negatively regulates tumor suppressor PTEN through T366 phosphorylation and protein degradation. Cancer Lett 2020; 496:127-133. [PMID: 33039560 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic elevated free fatty (FFA) levels are linked to metabolic disorders and tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which FFAs induce cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the tumor suppressor PTEN protein levels were decreased in high fat diet (HFD) fed mice. As palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) showed a significant increase in the HFD fed mice, we further investigated its role in PTEN down regulation. Our studies revealed that exposure of cells to high doses of PA induced mTOR/S6K-mediated phosphorylation of PTEN at T366. The phosphorylation subsequently enhanced the interaction of PTEN with the E3 ubiquitin ligase WW domain-containing protein 2 (WWP2), which promoted polyubiquitination of PTEN and protein degradation. Consistent with PTEN degradation, exposure of cells to increased concentrations of PA also promoted PTEN-mediated AKT activation and cell proliferation. Significantly, a higher level of S6K activation, PTEN T366 phosphorylation, and AKT activation were also observed in the livers of the HFD fed mice. These results provide a molecular mechanism by which a HFD and elevated PA regulate cell proliferation through inactivation of tumor suppressor PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yumiko Nobumori
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Frances M Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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13
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Sun LL, Lei FR, Jiang XD, Du XL, Xiao L, Li WD, Li XQ. LncRNA GUSBP5-AS promotes EPC migration and angiogenesis and deep vein thrombosis resolution by regulating FGF2 and MMP2/9 through the miR-223-3p/FOXO1/Akt pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4506-4526. [PMID: 32156832 PMCID: PMC7093182 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in multitudinous physiological and pathological processes, including vascular disease. We previously showed that lncRNA GUSBP5-AS (enst00000511042) is upregulated in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) of deep veni thrombosis (DVT) patients. Here, we investigate the role and mechanism of GUSBP5-AS in EPCs and DVT. Using the DVT model, we found that GUSBP5-AS significantly reduced the thrombus size and weight and enhanced the homing ability of EPC to DVT sites to promote resolution and recanalization of thrombus. GUSBP5-AS promoted cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration and invasion in EPCs, enhanced EPC angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited apoptosis. Strikingly, this study showed that GUSBP5-AS was unbalanced and modulated Forkhead Box Protein O1 (FOXO1) in EPCs in patients with DVT by interacting with miR-223-3p. Mechanistically, GUSBP5-AS functions as a sponge of miR-223-3p, which targets FOXO1. Both GUSBP5-AS knockdown and miR-223-3p overexpression remarkably inhibited angiogenesis, migration and invasion in EPCs. Additionally, our data suggested that GUSBP-AS activated the Akt pathway and enhanced fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP2/9) and F-actin expression. Taken together, this study indicates that GUSBP5-AS modulates angiogenesis, proliferation and homing ability of EPCs via regulating FGF2 and MMP2/9 expression through the miR-223-3p/FOXO1/Akt pathway, which may provide a new direction for the development of DVT therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Rui Lei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu-Dong Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Long Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lun Xiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Dong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 promotes Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis by directly enhancing CDK4 expression. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102672. [PMID: 32114387 PMCID: PMC7047206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal expression of the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 is a critical factor in the etiology of multiple cancers. However, its potential role in gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive. In this study, we have demonstrated that the expression of Nurr1 was elevated and had an oncogenic function in GC. METHODS Nurr1 expression was analyzed in clinical specimens and the GEO database. Functions of Nurr1 in GC cells were analyzed using Nurr1 knockdown and overexpression. Various cell and molecular biological methods were used to explore the potential mechanisms of Nurr1 upregulation and its role in promoting GC. FINDINGS Overexpression of Nurr1 was directly related to the poor prognosis of GC patients. What's more, Nurr1 was induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) via the PI3K/AKT-Sp1 pathway. Sp1 enhanced Nurr1 expression by binding to its promoter to activate the transcription. Upregulated Nurr1 then directly targeted CDK4 by binding to its promoter region to increase its expression, thereby facilitated GC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. INTERPRETATION We identified Nurr1 as a driving oncogenic factor in GC. In addition, Nurr1 could be used as a potential therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori-associated GC. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos 81801983, 81871620, 81971901, 81772151 and 81571960), and the Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province (2018CXGC1208).
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15
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Yao Y, Wang X, Li H, Fan J, Qian X, Li H, Xu Y. Phospholipase D as a key modulator of cancer progression. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:911-935. [PMID: 32073216 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase D (PLD) family has a ubiquitous expression in cells. PLD isoforms (PLDs) and their hydrolysate phosphatidic acid (PA) have been demonstrated to engage in multiple stages of cancer progression. Aberrant expression of PLDs, especially PLD1 and PLD2, has been detected in various cancers. Inhibition or elimination of PLDs activity has been shown to reduce tumour growth and metastasis. PLDs and PA also serve as downstream effectors of various cell-surface receptors, to trigger and regulate propagation of intracellular signals in the process of tumourigenesis and metastasis. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the functions of PLDs and PA in discrete stages of cancer progression, including cancer cell growth, invasion and migration, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on the tumour-associated signalling pathways mediated by PLDs and PA and the functional importance of PLDs and PA in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiannan Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Sun LL, Xiao L, Du XL, Hong L, Li CL, Jiao J, Li WD, Li XQ. MiR-205 promotes endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis and deep vein thrombosis recanalization and resolution by targeting PTEN to regulate Akt/autophagy pathway and MMP2 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8493-8504. [PMID: 31633295 PMCID: PMC6850951 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs, MiRs) represent a class of conserved small non-coding RNAs that affect post-transcriptional gene regulation and play a vital role in angiogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. They are essential for a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, especially for vascular diseases. However, data concerning miRNAs in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remain incomplete. We explored miRNAs that modulate angiogenesis in EPCs and thrombolysis, and analysed their underlying mechanisms using a DVT model, dual-luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis, CCK-8 assay, angiogenesis assay, wound healing and Transwell assay. We found that miR-205 enhanced the homing ability of EPCs to DVT sites and promoted thrombosis resolution and recanalization, which significantly reduced venous thrombus. Additionally, we demonstrated that miR-205 overexpression significantly enhanced angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro, migration, invasion, F-actin filaments and proliferation in EPCs, and inhibited cell apoptosis. Conversely, down-regulation of miR-205 played the opposite role in EPCs. Importantly, this study demonstrated that miR-205 directly targeted PTEN to modulate the Akt/autophagy pathway and MMP2 expression, subsequently playing a key role in EPC function and DVT recanalization and resolution. These results elucidated the pro-angiogenesis effects of miR-205 in EPCs and established it as a potential target for DVT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lun Xiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Hong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Long Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fengyang County People's Hospital, Chuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Dong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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17
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Badawy AA, El-Rabat A, Elshazly TA, Ali SA, Alruwaili AM, Gad DF, Dawoud MG, Elmasry EE, Zaki ME. Association of 32-bp deletion polymorphism and promoter methylation of PTEN and hepatitis C virus induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Biomed Sci 2019; 76:195-197. [PMID: 31109254 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2019.1620475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Badawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A El-Rabat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - T A Elshazly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - S A Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - A M Alruwaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - D F Gad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M G Dawoud
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - E E Elmasry
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M E Zaki
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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18
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Tu W, Yang Y, Song Y, Zhu W. Hepatitis B virus x protein accelerated the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell through lncRNA SNHG20/PTEN pathway. J Biochem 2019; 165:423-431. [PMID: 30690477 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the underlying mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 (SNHG20) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LncRNA SNHG20 and PTEN expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The proliferation of HCC cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptosis of HCC cells was measured by flow cytometry analysis. SNHG20 expression level and HBx protein level were upregulated in HBV(+) group than that of HBV(-) group, whereas PTEN protein level was downregulated in HBV(+) group. Besides, SNHG20 was highly expressed in HBV(+) HCC cells than in HBV(-) HCC cells. SNHG20 expression level was positively associated with HBV x protein (HBx) in HCC cells, and HBx-SNHG20 involved in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells. Moreover, SNHG20 was confirmed to interact with PTEN, which negatively regulated PTEN protein level. Finally, we proved HBx-SNHG20-PTEN signalling pathway involved in the regulation of HCC cell proliferation and apoptosis. In vivo experiments showed SNHG20 knockdown inhibited tumour growth of HBV(+) HCC. HBx promoted the proliferation of HCC cell and reduced the apoptosis of HCC cells through the SNHG20/PTEN signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Tu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, 381-1 Zhongshandong Rd, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, 381-1 Zhongshandong Rd, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yulong Song
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, 381-1 Zhongshandong Rd, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, 381-1 Zhongshandong Rd, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Chen D, Li Z, Cheng Q, Wang Y, Qian L, Gao J, Zhu JY. Genetic alterations and expression of PTEN and its relationship with cancer stem cell markers to investigate pathogenesis and to evaluate prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2019; 72:588-596. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-205769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AimsTo investigate molecular alteration and expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to evaluate the correlation between PTEN and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and the prognostic value of these markers.MethodsWe evaluated changes of PTEN and CSC markers (CD133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and CK19) in 183 resection specimens by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and detected PTEN and phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic-alpha (PIK3CA) gene by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in some specimens.ResultsPTEN and CD133, EpCAM and CK19 in 183 resection specimens were studied by IHC, and PTEN and PIK3CA genes were detected by FISH. PTEN expression was reduced in 92 HCC tissues (50.3%). There were 16 HCCs with PTEN deletion (51.6%). Comparison between PTEN IHC and FISH showed that the analysis was highly concordant (54/59, 91.5%). There were 19 HCCs with PIK3CA amplification. Deletion of PTEN was positively correlated with amplification of PIK3CA. Positive expression of CD133, EpCAM and CK19 was correlated with steatosis, moderate to poor differentiation, and so on. Reduction of PTEN expression was negatively correlated with positive expression of CD133, EpCAM and CK19. Reduced expression of PTEN (p=0.028) was an independent predictor for HCC recurrence and overall survival in HCC. PTEN−/CD133+ group had shorter OS and RFS time.ConclusionsPTEN plays a key role in hepatocarcinogenesis and reduction of PTEN expression is related to increased expression of CD133, EpCAM and CK19, which is a useful tool to evaluate HCC prognosis and recurrence.
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Tai Y, Zhang LH, Gao JH, Zhao C, Tong H, Ye C, Huang ZY, Liu R, Tang CW. Suppressing growth and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by celecoxib through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2831-2848. [PMID: 31114336 PMCID: PMC6497485 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s183376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Biomarkers are lacking in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolites play crucial roles in the process of inflammation-tumor transformation. This study was aimed to detect COX-2 expression in HCC tissues and evaluate the effects of a COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on biological behaviors of HCC cell lines in vitro. Methods: COX-2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry on a human HCC tissue microarray. The correlations of COX-2 expression with tumor clinicopathological variables and overall survival were analyzed. The proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, invasion capacity, and related signaling molecules of HCC cells after incubated with COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib were evaluated in vitro. Results: Expression levels of COX-2 in HCC tissues were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues. The TNM stage III-IV, tumor size >5 cm, lymphovascular invasion and distant metastasis was higher in high COX-2 expression group compared with that in low COX-2 expression group. Patients with low COX-2 expression achieved better 5-year overall survival than those with high COX-2 expression. Treatment with celecoxib was sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in HCC cells with concentration- and time-dependent manners. Celecoxib up-regulated E-cadherin protein through inhibiting COX-2-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-PGE2 receptor 2 (EP2)-p-Akt/p-ERK signaling pathway to suppress HCC cells migration and invasion. Conclusion: High COX-2 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage, larger tumor size, increased lymphovascular invasion and short survival. Targeting inhibition of COX-2 by celecoxib exhibited anti-tumor activities by suppressing proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting the aggressive properties of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tai
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Tong
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yin Huang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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21
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Ma W, Ho DWH, Sze KMF, Tsui YM, Chan LK, Lee JMF, Ng IOL. APOBEC3B promotes hepatocarcinogenesis and metastasis through novel deaminase-independent activity. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:643-653. [PMID: 30575099 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) is known to play important roles in creating de novo genomic C-to-T mutations in cancers and contribute to induction of genomic instability. Our study evaluated the roles of A3B in the progression and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using whole-transcriptome and whole-exome sequencing, and quantitative PCR, we found that A3B was overexpressed in human HCCs and A3B expression was significantly correlated with the proportion of genomic C-to-A and G-to-T mutations. Upon clinicopathological correlation, higher A3B expression was associated with more aggressive tumor behavior. Wild-type A3B (wt-A3B) overexpression in HCC cells promoted cell proliferation, and cell migratory and invasive abilities in vitro, and tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo. On the other hand, knockdown of A3B suppressed cell proliferation, migratory, and invasive abilities of HCC cells with high endogenous A3B level. However, to our surprise, overexpression of A3B deaminase-dead double mutant (E68A/E255Q) led to similar results as wt-A3B in HCC. Furthermore, overexpression of wt-A3B and mutant A3B both enhanced cell cycle progression in HCC cells. Altogether, our data demonstrated a novel deaminase-independent role of A3B in contributing to HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel W-H Ho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Karen M-F Sze
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Man Tsui
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lo-Kong Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce M-F Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Irene O-L Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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22
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Tu WL, You LR, Tsou AP, Chen CM. Pten Haplodeficiency Accelerates Liver Tumor Growth in miR-122a–Null Mice via Expansion of Periportal Hepatocyte-Like Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2688-2702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Xie Y, Jin P, Sun X, Jiao T, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun M. SIX1 is upregulated in gastric cancer and regulates proliferation and invasion by targeting the ERK pathway and promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:413-419. [PMID: 30379332 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sine oculis homeobox homologue 1 (SIX1) is a Six class homeobox gene conserved throughout many species. It has been reported to act as an oncogene and is overexpressed in many cancers. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of SIX1 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. In our study, we detected protein levels of SIX1 via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and its proliferation and invasion effects via CCK8 and transwell assays. Additionally, expression of cyclin D1, MMP2, p-ERK, and EMT-related proteins was measured by western blotting. We found that SIX1 had significantly higher expression in GC tissues and that it could promote GC cell proliferation and invasion. Also, overexpression of SIX1 increased the expression of cyclin D1, MMP2, p-ERK, and EMT-related proteins, which could all be inhibited by knocking down SIX1. In conclusion, SIX1 is upregulated in GC tissues. It can promote GC cell proliferation by targeting cyclin D1, invasion via ERK signalling, and EMT pathways by targeting MMP2 and E-cadherin. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Our study showed that SIX1 was upregulated in GC tissues, and promoted GC cell proliferation by targeting cyclin D1, invasion via ERK signalling, and EMT pathways by targeting MMP2 and E-cadherin. These results suggested the potential regulatory mechanism of SIX1 in proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of the Third Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuren Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiwei Jiao
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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24
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Jie Z, Xie Z, Zhao X, Sun X, Yu H, Pan X, Shen S, Qin A, Fang X, Fan S. Glabridin inhibits osteosarcoma migration and invasion via blocking the p38- and JNK-mediated CREB-AP1 complexes formation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4167-4178. [PMID: 30146723 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy, and it seriously affects the quality of life of affected children and adolescents. Glabridin (GLA), a major component of licorice root extract, has been reported to exert antitumor effects against a variety of tumor types; however, its effects on osteosarcoma have not been elucidated. In the current study, we investigate the effects and potential antimetastatic mechanisms of GLA on osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry showed that GLA induced G2/M cell cycle phase arrest and promoted cell apoptosis. Transwell and wound-healing assays showed that GLA significantly decreased the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Further western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in MG63 and HOS cells were reduced after GLA treatment. Moreover, western blotting demonstrated that GLA downregulated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. A coimmunoprecipitation assay illustrated that formation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-activating protein 1 (AP1) complexes and the DNA binding activities of CREB and AP1 in MG63 and HOS cells were impaired following treatment with GLA. Finally, GLA inhibited tumor growth and suppressed osteosarcoma cell metastasis in vivo. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of GLA as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangde Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuewu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hejun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangqian Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Jiang XM, Yu XN, Liu TT, Zhu HR, Shi X, Bilegsaikhan E, Guo HY, Song GQ, Weng SQ, Huang XX, Dong L, Janssen HLA, Shen XZ, Zhu JM. microRNA-19a-3p promotes tumor metastasis and chemoresistance through the PTEN/Akt pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1147-1154. [PMID: 30021351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNA-19a-3p (miR-19a-3p) has been reported to regulate cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its role in HCC metastasis remains unknown. In this study, miR-19a-3p was noted to be upregulated in HCC specimens and cell lines. Aberrant expression of miR-19a-3p stimulated HCC cell metastasis, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was shown to be a direct target of miR-19a-3p. miR-19a-3p-mediated HCC metastasis was reversed by restoration of PTEN or could be imitated by silencing of PTEN. Modulation of miR-19a-3p also altered expression of phosphorylated Akt, a downstream mediator of PTEN. Moreover, aberrant expression of miR-19a-3p induced sorafenib resistance by regulating the PTEN/Akt pathway. In conclusion, ectopic expression of miR-19a-3p contributes to HCC metastasis and chemoresistance by modulating PTEN expression and the PTEN-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Rong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Hong-Ying Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Qi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto & University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Zhang Y, Tao R, Wu SS, Xu CC, Wang JL, Chen J, Yu YS, Tang ZH, Chen XH, Zang GQ. TRIM52 up-regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells promotes proliferation, migration and invasion through the ubiquitination of PPM1A. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:116. [PMID: 29898761 PMCID: PMC6001170 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Many tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins have been reported to be of great importance in the initiation and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the biological role and regulatory mechanism of tripartite motif containing 52 (TRIM52) in HCC development and progression are poorly defined. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or Western blot analysis was used to detect TRIM52, p21, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1A (PPM1A), p-Smad2/3 and Smad2/3 levels in HCC tissues and cell lines. HCC cell proliferation and cell cycle were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. HCC cell migration and invasion were measured by Transwell assay. Tumor growth of HCC cells in vivo was measured using the nude mouse xenograft model. The correlation between TRIM52 and PPM1A was measured by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and ubiquitination analysis in vitro. Results TRIM52 was significantly up-regulated in the HCC tissues in comparison with the adjacent non-tumor hepatic tissues. TRIM52 was also up-regulated in HCC cell lines (MHCC-97H and MHCC-97L cells) compared with normal human liver cell line LO2. TRIM52 down-regulation by RNA interfering in MHCC-97H cells enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. TRIM52 down-regulation also induced MHCC-97H cells arrest in G0-G1 phase cell cycle and inhibited MHCC-97H cell growth in the nude mice. However, TRIM52 up-regulation in MHCC-97L cells promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, TRIM52 down-regulation significantly increased p21 and PPM1A expression, but inhibited MMP2 expression and induced Smad2/3 dephosphorylation in MHCC-97H cells, which were reversed by TRIM52 up-regulation in MHCC-97L cells. TRIM52 was found interacted with PPM1A and TRIM52 down-regulation inhibited the ubiquitination of PPM1A. Importantly, PPM1A up-regulation in MHCC-97L cells significantly suppressed TRIM52-mediated enhancement on cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Conclusions Our findings suggest that TRIM52 up-regulation promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells through the ubiquitination of PPM1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cui-Cui Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jie-Ling Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Zang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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27
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Zhang J, Zhou X, Chang H, Huang X, Guo X, Du X, Tian S, Wang L, Lyv Y, Yuan P, Xing J. Hsp60 exerts a tumor suppressor function by inducing cell differentiation and inhibiting invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68976-68989. [PMID: 27677587 PMCID: PMC5356605 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), a typical mitochondrial chaperone, is associated with progression of various cancers. However, its expression and significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unclear. In the present study, the mRNA and protein expression of Hsp60 in HCC tissues were detected by quantitative RT-PCR (n=24), western blot (n=7), and immunohistochemical staining (n=295), respectively. The correlation between Hsp60 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patient was also analyzed. Meanwhile, the influence of Hsp60 on malignant phenotype of HCC cells was further investigated. We found that expression of Hsp60 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared to peritumor tissues. Hsp60 expression was significantly correlated with serum alpha -foetoprotein (AFP) level and tumor differentiation grade. Moreover, high Hsp60 expression cancer/pericancer (C/P) ratio was associated with a better overall survival rate (P=0.035, n=295). The prognostic implication of Hsp60 in HCC was further confirmed in another cohort of 107 HCC patients (P=0.027). Up-regulation of Hsp60 remarkably induced the cell differentiation and inhibited the invasive potential of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, the down-regulation of Hsp60 significantly impaired mitochondrial biogenesis. Although more data are required to clarify the underling mechanism responsible for function of Hsp60, our results suggested that the effect of Hsp60 on differentiation and invasion of HCC cells might be associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Collectively, our findings indicated that Hsp60 exerted a tumor suppressor function, and might serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingchun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hulin Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lexiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinghua Lyv
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Zhang B, Zhang C, Yang X, Chen Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Wu Q. Cytoplasmic collagen XIαI as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:364-372. [PMID: 29333916 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1423915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal/cytoplasmic collagen XIαI (COL11A1) has been highlighted in the process of neoplastic transformation, including epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis and invasiveness. In this study, we aim to illuminate the clinical significance and biological role of COL11A1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Herein, we investigated COL11A1 expression in 16 pairs of ESCC and adjacent normal tissues by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. Correlations of COL11A1 expression with clinicopathologic parameters and survival status were then determined by immunohistochemistry in 116 ESCC and 50 normal specimens. Furthermore, bioinformatics was used for mechanisms exploration. And in vitro knockdown experiments were also performed. We found that COL11A1 expression was significantly higher in ESCC than in paired normal tissues at both mRNA and protein level. Immunohistochemistry showed that COL11A1 was predominantly localized to the cytoplasm rather than tumor stroma, patients with high COL11A1 expression had a poorer overall survival (OS) rate than those with low COL11A1 expression. Besides, increased COL11A1 expression was dramatically correlated with advanced clinical stage, invasion depth and lymph node metastases and served as an independent prognostic marker for ESCC. Likewise, COL11A1 dependent nomogram predicted a more precise survival outcome than traditional staging system. Moreover, COL11A1 silencing resulted in impaired cell proliferation and EMT, and subdued EMT inhibited cells aggressiveness. These biological processes (BPs) might be modulated by COL11A1 via the intracellular AKT/ERK/c-Myc cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Zhang
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China.,b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Yang
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China.,b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China.,b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Jingshu Liu
- b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
| | - Qingchen Wu
- a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P. R. China
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29
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Lei X, Xu JF, Chang RM, Fang F, Zuo CH, Yang LY. JARID2 promotes invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition through PTEN/AKT signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40266-40284. [PMID: 27259236 PMCID: PMC5130007 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
JARID2 is crucial for maintenance of pluripotency and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. However, little is known about the role of JARID2 in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study found that JARID2 expression was significantly higher in HCC tissues than that in adjacent non-tumor liver tissues (ANLTs), and its expression level correlated with HCC metastasis. High JARID2 expression was significantly correlated with multiple tumor nodules, high Edmondson-Steiner grade, microvascular invasion, advanced TNM stage and advanced BCLC stage (all P < 0.05) and indicated poor prognosis of HCC in training and validation cohorts (all P < 0.05) totaling 182 patients. High JARID2 expression was an independent and significant risk factor for disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.017) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.041) after curative liver resection in training cohort, and also validated as an independent and significant risk factor for DFS (P = 0.033) and OS (P = 0.031) in validation cohort. Moreover, down-regulation of JARID2 dramatically inhibited HCC cell migration, invasion, proliferation in vitro and metastasis in vivo, whereas overexpression of JARID2 significantly increased migration, invasion, proliferation in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, the data showed that JARID2 exerted its function by repressing PTEN expression through increasing H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at PTEN promoter region, which subsequently resulted in activation of protein kinase B (AKT) and enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In conclusion, this study revealed that JARID2 promotes invasion and metastasis of HCC by facilitating EMT through PTEN/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Lei
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Xu
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Rui-Min Chang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Fang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Hui Zuo
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lian-Yue Yang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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30
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Huang L, Qin Y, Zuo Q, Bhatnagar K, Xiong J, Merlino G, Yu Y. Ezrin mediates both HGF/Met autocrine and non-autocrine signaling-induced metastasis in melanoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1652-1663. [PMID: 29210059 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant HGF/Met signaling promotes tumor migration, invasion, and metastasis through both autocrine and non-autocrine mechanisms; however, the molecular downstream signaling mechanisms by which HGF/Met induces metastasis are incompletely understood. We here report that Ezrin expression is stimulated by HGF and correlates with activated HGF/Met, indicating that HGF/Met signaling regulates the expression of Ezrin. We show that HGF/Met signaling activates the transcription factor Sp1 through the MAPK pathway, and activated Sp1 can in turn directly bind to the promoter of Ezrin gene and regulate its transcription. Notably, knockdown of Ezrin expression by shRNAs inhibits the metastasis induced by either HGF/Met autocrine or non-autocrine signaling in syngeneic wildtype and HGF transgenic mouse hosts. We also used small molecule drugs in preclinical mouse models to confirm that Ezrin is one of the downstream molecules mediating HGF/Met signaling-induced metastasis in melanoma. We conclude that Ezrin is a key downstream factor involved in the regulation of HGF/Met signaling-induced metastasis and demonstrate a link between Ezrin and HGF/Met/MAPK/Sp1 activation in the metastatic process. Our data indicate that Ezrin represents a promising therapeutic target for patients bearing tumors with activated HGF/Met signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Qin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264
| | - Kavita Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264
| | - Jingbo Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4264
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Yao JL, He QZ, Liu M, Chang XW, Wu JT, Duan T, Wang K. Effects of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on human amniotic epithelial cell proliferation and migration. Toxicology 2017; 394:19-26. [PMID: 29191629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deleterious effects of cannabis consumption for fertility and pregnancy outcome are recognized for years. The main psychoactive molecule of cannabis, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is able to cross the placenta barrier and cause alterations in fetal growth, low birth weight and preterm labor. However, the effects of THC on the human placenta amnion are still unknown. METHODS The distributions of CB1R and CB2R in human amnion tissues were observed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Human amniotic epithelial cell proliferation and migration in response to THC treatment were measured by MTS and transwell assays, respectively. The PCR array was performed to study the key regulators involved in the cell migration. The protein levels of CB1R, CB2R in amnion tissues and MMP2, MMP9 in cells were detected by western blotting. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to knockdown MMP2 and MMP9 in WISH cells. RESULTS Our results indicated that both CB1R and CB2R primarily identified in the epithelial layer of human placental amnion tissue. The CB1R expression in the amnion tissue was higher in the preterm group than normal control. High-dose of THC (30uM, but not 20 and 10uM) significantly inhibited (p<0.01) human amniotic epithelial cell lines (WISH) proliferation. Meanwhile, THC at both 10uM and 20uM (p<0.05) significantly suppressed cells migration in both WISH and primary human amniotic epithelial cells. The PCR array data and siRNA experiments demonstrated that MMP2/9 were tightly involved in the regulation of THC-inhibited cell migration in WISH cells. CONCLUSION These results suggested that THC inhibited the migration of human amniotic epithelial cell through the regulation of MMP2 and MMP9, which in turn altered the development of the amnion during the gestation and partially resulted in preterm labor and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Yao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Q Z He
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - X W Chang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - J T Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - T Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - K Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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Beck M, Schirmacher P, Singer S. Alterations of the nuclear transport system in hepatocellular carcinoma - New basis for therapeutic strategies. J Hepatol 2017; 67:1051-1061. [PMID: 28673770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most prevalent human malignancies worldwide with rising incidence in industrialised countries, few therapeutic options and poor prognosis. To expand and improve therapeutic strategies, identification of drug targets involved in several liver cancer-related pathways is crucial. Virtually all signal transduction cascades cross the nuclear envelope and therefore require components of the nuclear transport system (NTS), including nuclear transport receptors (e.g. importins and exportins) and the nuclear pore complex. Accordingly, members of the NTS represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export have already entered clinical trials for various malignancies. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding alterations of the NTS and their potential for targeted therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beck
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Singer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zhang HH, Zhang Y, Cheng YN, Gong FL, Cao ZQ, Yu LG, Guo XL. Metformin incombination with curcumin inhibits the growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:44-56. [PMID: 28833603 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has poor prognosis due to the advanced disease stages by the time it is diagnosed, high recurrence rates and metastasis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of metformin (a safe anti-diabetic drug) and curcumin (a turmeric polyphenol extracted from rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn.) on proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. It was found that co-treatment of metformin and curcumin could not only induce tumor cells into apoptosis through activating the mitochondria pathways, but also suppress the invasion, metastasis of HCC cells and angiogenesis of HUVECs. These effects were associated with downregulation of the expression of MMP2/9, VEGF, and VEGFR-2, up-regulation of PTEN, P53 and suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and EGFR/STAT3 signaling. Co-administration of metformin and curcumin significantly inhibited HCC tumor growth than administration with metformin or curcumin alone in a xenograft mouse model. Thus, metformin and curcumin in combination showed a better anti-tumor effects in hepatoma cells than either metformin or curcumin presence alone and might represent an effective therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Na Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Lian Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Qi Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Gang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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34
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Ho DWH, Chan LK, Chiu YT, Xu IMJ, Poon RTP, Cheung TT, Tang CN, Tang VWL, Lo ILO, Lam PWY, Yau DTW, Li MX, Wong CM, Ng IOL. TSC1/2 mutations define a molecular subset of HCC with aggressive behaviour and treatment implication. Gut 2017; 66:1496-1506. [PMID: 27974549 PMCID: PMC5530480 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the mutational landscape of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling cascade in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with chronic HBV background, aiming to evaluate and delineate mutation-dependent mechanism of mTOR hyperactivation in hepatocarcinogenesis. DESIGN We performed next-generation sequencing on human HCC samples and cell line panel. Systematic mutational screening of mTOR pathway-related genes was undertaken and mutant genes were evaluated based on their recurrence. Protein expressions of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1, TSC2 and pRPS6 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in human HCC samples. Rapamycin sensitivity was estimated by colony-formation assay in HCC cell lines and the treatment was further tested using our patient-derived tumour xenograft (PDTX) models. RESULTS We identified and confirmed multiple mTOR components as recurrently mutated in HBV-associated HCCs. Of significance, we detected frequent (16.2%, n=18/111) mutations of TSC1 and TSC2 genes in the HCC samples. The spectrum of TSC1/2 mutations likely disrupts the endogenous gene functions in suppressing the downstream mTOR activity through different mechanisms and leads to more aggressive tumour behaviour. Mutational disruption of TSC1 and TSC2 was also observed in HCC cell lines and our PDTX models. TSC-mutant cells exhibited reduced colony-forming ability on rapamycin treatment. With the use of biologically relevant TSC2-mutant PDTXs, we demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of the hypersensitivity towards rapamycin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggest the significance of previously undocumented mutation-dependent mTOR hyperactivation and frequent TSC1/2 mutations in HBV-associated HCCs. They define a molecular subset of HCC having genetic aberrations in mTOR signalling, with potential significance of effective specific drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W H Ho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lo K Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yung T Chiu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Iris M J Xu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ronnie T P Poon
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tan T Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chung N Tang
- Department of Surgery, Pamela Youde Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Victor W L Tang
- Department of Pathology, Pamela Youde Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene L O Lo
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Polly W Y Lam
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Derek T W Yau
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Miao X Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Genomics Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun M Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene O L Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Khalid A, Hussain T, Manzoor S, Saalim M, Khaliq S. PTEN: A potential prognostic marker in virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khalid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied BioSciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabinda Hussain
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied BioSciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied BioSciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saalim
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied BioSciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Khaliq
- University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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36
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Kim CK, He P, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. SP and KLF Transcription Factors in Digestive Physiology and Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1845-1875. [PMID: 28366734 PMCID: PMC5815166 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors that contain conserved zinc finger domains involved in binding to target DNA sequences. Many of these proteins are expressed in different tissues and have distinct tissue-specific activities and functions. Studies have shown that SPs and KLFs regulate not only physiological processes such as growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and embryogenesis, but pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Consistently, these proteins have been shown to regulate normal functions and pathobiology in the digestive system. We review recent findings on the tissue- and organ-specific functions of SPs and KLFs in the digestive system including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, and liver. We provide a list of agents under development to target these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ping He
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
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37
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Focal adhesion kinase depletion reduces human hepatocellular carcinoma growth by repressing enhancer of zeste homolog 2. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:889-902. [PMID: 28338656 PMCID: PMC5423113 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer in humans. The focal adhesion tyrosine kinase (FAK) is often over-expressed in human HCC and FAK inhibition may reduce HCC cell invasiveness. However, the anti-oncogenic effect of FAK knockdown in HCC cells remains to be clarified. We found that FAK depletion in HCC cells reduced in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity, by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis, decreasing anchorage-independent growth, and modulating the expression of several cancer-related genes. Among these genes, we showed that FAK silencing decreased transcription and nuclear localization of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and its tri-methylation activity on lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). Accordingly, FAK, EZH2 and H3K27me3 were concomitantly upregulated in human HCCs compared to non-tumor livers. In vitro experiments demonstrated that FAK affected EZH2 expression and function by modulating, at least in part, p53 and E2F2/3 transcriptional activity. Moreover, FAK silencing downregulated both EZH2 binding and histone H3K27me3 levels at the promoter of its target gene NOTCH2. Finally, we found that pharmacological inhibition of FAK activity resembled these effects although milder. In summary, we demonstrate that FAK depletion reduces HCC cell growth by affecting cancer-promoting genes including the pro-oncogene EZH2. Furthermore, we unveil a novel unprecedented FAK/EZH2 crosstalk in HCC cells, thus identifying a targetable network paving the way for new anticancer therapies.
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38
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Ismail TM, Bennett D, Platt-Higgins AM, Al-Medhity M, Barraclough R, Rudland PS. S100A4 Elevation Empowers Expression of Metastasis Effector Molecules in Human Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:780-789. [PMID: 27927689 PMCID: PMC5321524 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many human glandular cancers metastasize along nerve tracts, but the mechanisms involved are generally poorly understood. The calcium-binding protein S100A4 is expressed at elevated levels in human cancers, where it has been linked to increased invasion and metastasis. Here we report genetic studies in a Drosophila model to define S100A4 effector functions that mediate metastatic dissemination of mutant Ras-induced tumors in the developing nervous system. In flies overexpressing mutant RasVal12 and S100A4, there was a significant increase in activation of the stress kinase JNK and production of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP1. Genetic or chemical blockades of JNK and MMP1 suppressed metastatic dissemination associated with S100A4 elevation, defining required signaling pathway(s) for S100A4 in this setting. In clinical specimens of human breast cancer, elevated levels of the mammalian paralogs MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13 are associated with a 4- to 9-fold relative decrease in patient survival. In individual tumors, levels of MMP2 and MMP13 correlated more closely with levels of S100A4, whereas MMP9 levels correlated more closely with the S100 family member S100P. Overall, our results suggest the existence of evolutionarily conserved pathways used by S100A4 to promote metastatic dissemination, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications for metastasis by cancers that preferentially exploit nerve tract migration routes. Cancer Res; 77(3); 780-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir M Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daimark Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M Platt-Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Morteta Al-Medhity
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Rudland
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Tian Y, Xiao X, Gong X, Peng F, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Gong G. HBx promotes cell proliferation by disturbing the cross-talk between miR-181a and PTEN. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40089. [PMID: 28053323 PMCID: PMC5215388 DOI: 10.1038/srep40089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is involved in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism is still needed to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the relationship between HBx and microRNA and their roles in hepato-carcinogenesis. Firstly, by global microarray-based microRNA profiling and qRT-PCR, we found miR-181a was strongly up-regulated in HepG2.2.15 cells (HBV positive) and pHBV1.3-expressing HepG2 cells, and HBx played a major role in it. Secondly, reduced PTEN protein expression in the presence of HBx was aslo mediated by miR-181a, and in the Luciferase reporter system, miR-181a inhibited the PTEN translation by binding the PTEN 3'-untranslated-region (UTR), and PTEN protein was decreased when epigenetic expression of miR-181a and rescued by knocking down miR-181a. Finally, HBx interrupted the balance between apoptosis and proliferation, which contributed to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, was also related to the interaction of miR-181a and PTEN. Taken together, we presented here a novel cross-talk between miR-181a and PTEN which was raised by HBx, and this shined a new line in HBV-related hepato-carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinqiang Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xing Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yongfang Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Guozhong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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40
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Chang WT, Chuang CH, Lee WJ, Huang CS. Extract of Monascus purpureus CWT715 Fermented from Sorghum Liquor Biowaste Inhibits Migration and Invasion of SK-Hep-1 Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121691. [PMID: 27941649 PMCID: PMC6272986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the most endemic cancer in a large region of the world. This study investigated the anti-metastatic effects of an extract of Monascus purpureus CWT715 (MP) fermented from sorghum liquor biowaste and its mechanisms of action in highly metastatic human hepatocarcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. Kinmen sorghum liquor waste was used as the primary nutrient source to produce metabolites (including pigments) of MP. In the presence of 10 µg/mL MP-fermented broth (MFB), the anti-invasive activity increased with increasing fermentation time reaching a maximum at six days of fermentation. Interestingly, MFB also produced maximal pigment content at six days. Treatment for 24 h with MFB (10–100 µg/mL) obtained from fermentation for six days significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, and these effects were concentration-dependent. MFB also significantly enhanced nm23-H1 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner, which was highly correlated with migration and invasion. These results suggest that MFB has significant anti-migration and anti-invasion activities and that these effects are associated with the induction of nm23-H1 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Teish Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu Hsien 88046, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hung Chuang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, 1018 Sec. 6 Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 43302, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ju Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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41
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Niu ZS, Niu XJ, Wang WH. Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: An update. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9069-9095. [PMID: 27895396 PMCID: PMC5107590 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i41.9069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although recent advances in therapeutic approaches for treating HCC have improved the prognoses of patients with HCC, this cancer is still associated with a poor survival rate mainly due to late diagnosis. Therefore, a diagnosis must be made sufficiently early to perform curative and effective treatments. There is a need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of HCC because these mechanisms are critical for making early diagnoses and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, much progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis. In particular, recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed numerous genetic alterations, including recurrently mutated genes and dysregulated signaling pathways in HCC. A better understanding of the genetic alterations in HCC could contribute to identifying potential driver mutations and discovering novel therapeutic targets in the future. In this article, we summarize the current advances in research on the genetic alterations, including genomic instability, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, somatic mutations and deregulated signaling pathways, implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC. We also attempt to elucidate some of the genetic mechanisms that contribute to making early diagnoses of and developing molecularly targeted therapies for HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Patient Selection
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Precision Medicine
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Signal Transduction
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Huang XY, Huang ZL, Xu B, Chen Z, Re TJ, Zheng Q, Tang ZY, Huang XY. Elevated MTSS1 expression associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of residual hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:85. [PMID: 27230279 PMCID: PMC4881066 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatectomy generally offers the best chance of long-term survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many studies have shown that hepatectomy accelerates tumor metastasis, but the mechanism remains unclear. Methods An orthotopic nude mice model with palliative HCC hepatectomy was performed in this study. Metastasis-related genes in tumor following resection were screened; HCC invasion, metastasis, and some molecular alterations were examined in vivo and in vitro. Clinical significance of key gene mRNA expression was also analyzed. Results Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) located in the central position of gene function net of residual HCC. MTSS1 was up-regulated in residual tumor after palliative resection. In hepatitis B-related HCC patients undergone palliative hepatectomy, those with higher MTSS1 mRNA expression accompanied by activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) in residual HCC, had earlier residual HCC detection after hepatectomy and poorer survival when compared to those with lower MTSS1. In different cell lines, the levels of MTSS1 mRNA increased in parallel with metastatic potential. MTSS1 down regulation via siRNA decreased MMP2 activity, reduced invasive potentials of HCC by 28.9 % in vitro, and averted the deteriorated lung metastatic extent in vivo. Conclusions The poor prognosis of hepatitis B-related HCC patients following palliative hepatectomy associates with elevated MTSS1 mRNA expression; therefore, MTSS1 may provide a new research field for HCC diagnosis and treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0361-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Li Huang
- Department of Radiology, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Zi Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Thomas Joseph Re
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02446, USA
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Zhao-You Tang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, Peoples Republic of China.
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43
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Feng G, Li J, Zheng M, Yang Z, Liu Y, Zhang S, Ye L, Zhang W, Zhang X. Hepatitis B virus X protein up-regulates C4b-binding protein α through activating transcription factor Sp1 in protection of hepatoma cells from complement attack. Oncotarget 2016; 7:28013-26. [PMID: 27050367 PMCID: PMC5053706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays crucial roles in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously showed that HBx protected hepatoma cells from complement attack by activation of CD59. Moreover, in this study we found that HBx protected hepatoma cells from complement attack by activation of C4b-binding protein α (C4BPα), a potent inhibitor of complement system. We observed that HBx were positively correlated with those of C4BPα in clinical HCC tissues. Mechanistically, HBx activated the promoter core region of C4BPα, located at -1199/-803nt, through binding to transcription factor Sp1. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that HBx was able to bind to the promoter of C4BPα, which could be blocked by Sp1 silencing. Functionally, knockdown of C4BPα obviously increased the deposition of C5b-9, a complex of complement membrane attack, and remarkably abolished the HBx-induced resistance of hepatoma cells from complement attack in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we conclude that HBx up-regulates C4BPα through activating transcription factor Sp1 in protection of liver cancer cells from complement attack. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism by which HBx enhances protection of hepatoma cells from complement attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Minying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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44
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Osman NM, Osman WM. SDF-1 and MMP2 cross talk in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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45
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Zhang Y, Tao X, Jin G, Jin H, Wang N, Hu F, Luo Q, Shu H, Zhao F, Yao M, Fang J, Cong W, Qin W, Wang C. A Targetable Molecular Chaperone Hsp27 Confers Aggressiveness in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:558-70. [PMID: 26941848 PMCID: PMC4775865 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is an ATP-independent molecular chaperone and confers survival advantages and resistance to cancer cells under stress conditions. The effects and molecular mechanisms of Hsp27 in HCC invasion and metastasis are still unclear. In this study, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue array (n = 167) was used to investigate the expression and prognostic relevance of Hsp27 in HCC patients. HCC patients with high expression of Hsp27 exhibited poor prognosis. Overexpression of Hsp27 led to the forced invasion of HCC cells, whereas silencing Hsp27 attenuated invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. We revealed that Hsp27 activated Akt signaling, which in turn promoted MMP2 and ITGA7 expression and HCC metastasis. We further observed that targeting Hsp27 using OGX-427 obviously suppressed HCC metastasis in two metastatic models. These findings indicate that Hsp27 is a useful predictive factor for prognosis of HCC and it facilitates HCC metastasis through Akt signaling. Targeting Hsp27 with OGX-427 may represent an attractive therapeutic option for suppressing HCC metastasis.
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46
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Wong CM, Wei L, Law CT, Ho DWH, Tsang FHC, Au SLK, Sze KMF, Lee JMF, Wong CCL, Ng IOL. Up-regulation of histone methyltransferase SETDB1 by multiple mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes cancer metastasis. Hepatology 2016; 63:474-87. [PMID: 26481868 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epigenetic deregulation plays an important role in liver carcinogenesis. Using transcriptome sequencing, we examined the expression of 591 epigenetic regulators in hepatitis B-associated human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that aberrant expression of epigenetic regulators was a common event in HCC. We further identified SETDB1 (SET domain, bifurcated 1), an H3K9-specific histone methyltransferase, as the most significantly up-regulated epigenetic regulator in human HCCs. Up-regulation of SETDB1 was significantly associated with HCC disease progression, cancer aggressiveness, and poorer prognosis of HCC patients. Functionally, we showed that knockdown of SETDB1 reduced HCC cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed orthotopic tumorigenicity in vivo. Inactivation of SETDB1 also impeded HCC cell migration and abolished lung metastasis in nude mice. Interestingly, SETDB1 protein was consistently up-regulated in all metastatic foci found in different organs, suggesting that SETDB1 was essential for HCC metastatic progression. Mechanistically, we showed that the frequent up-regulation of SETDB1 in human HCC was attributed to the recurrent SETDB1 gene copy gain at chromosome 1q21. In addition, hyperactivation of specificity protein 1 transcription factor in HCC enhanced SETDB1 expression at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, we identified miR-29 as a negative regulator of SETDB1. Down-regulation of miR-29 expression in human HCC contributed to SETDB1 up-regulation by relieving its post-transcriptional regulation. CONCLUSION SETDB1 is an oncogene that is frequently up-regulated in human HCCs; the multiplicity of SETDB1 activating mechanisms at the chromosomal, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels together facilitates SETDB1 up-regulation in human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Wong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Ting Law
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Felice Ho-Ching Tsang
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sandy Leung-Kuen Au
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Man-Fong Sze
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce Man-Fong Lee
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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47
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Wang SC, Lin XL, Wang HY, Qin YJ, Chen L, Li J, Jia JS, Shen HF, Yang S, Xie RY, Wei F, Gao F, Rong XX, Yang J, Zhao WT, Zhang TT, Shi JW, Yao KT, Luo WR, Sun Y, Xiao D. Hes1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like cellular marker alterations and promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the PTEN/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36713-30. [PMID: 26452025 PMCID: PMC4742206 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the transcriptional factor Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) has been observed in numerous cancers, but the precise roles of Hes1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer invasion and metastasis remain unknown. Our current study firstly revealed that Hes1 upregulation in a cohort of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies is significantly associated with the EMT, invasive and metastatic phenotypes of cancer. In the present study, we found that Hes1 overexpression triggered EMT-like cellular marker alterations of NPC cells, whereas knockdown of Hes1 through shRNA reversed the EMT-like phenotypes, as strongly supported by Hes1-mediated EMT in NPC clinical specimens described above. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that Hes1 promoted the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro. In addition, exogenous expression of Hes1 significantly enhanced the metastatic ability of NPC cells in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Hes1 inhibited PTEN expression in NPC cells through binding to PTEN promoter region. Increased Hes1 expression and decreased PTEN expression were also observed in a cohort of NPC biopsies. Additional studies demonstrated that Hes1-induced EMT-like molecular changes and increased motility and invasion of NPC cells were mediated by PTEN. Taken together, our results suggest, for what we believe is the first time, that Hes1 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of NPC through inhibiting PTEN expression to trigger EMT-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chun Wang
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 4 Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui-Yan Wang
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Juan Qin
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Chen
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Fen Shen
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rao-Ying Xie
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Wei
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Gao
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 6 Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Rong
- 5 Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Jie Yang
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhao
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Wen Shi
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei-Ren Luo
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Sun
- 3 Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dong Xiao
- 1 Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 2 Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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48
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Wang SC, Lin XL, Wang HY, Qin YJ, Chen L, Li J, Jia JS, Shen HF, Yang S, Xie RY, Wei F, Gao F, Rong XX, Yang J, Zhao WT, Zhang TT, Shi JW, Yao KT, Luo WR, Sun Y, Xiao D. Hes1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like cellular marker alterations and promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the PTEN/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2015. [PMID: 26452025 DOI: hes1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt)-like cellular marker alterations and promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the pten/akt pathway] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the transcriptional factor Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) has been observed in numerous cancers, but the precise roles of Hes1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer invasion and metastasis remain unknown. Our current study firstly revealed that Hes1 upregulation in a cohort of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies is significantly associated with the EMT, invasive and metastatic phenotypes of cancer. In the present study, we found that Hes1 overexpression triggered EMT-like cellular marker alterations of NPC cells, whereas knockdown of Hes1 through shRNA reversed the EMT-like phenotypes, as strongly supported by Hes1-mediated EMT in NPC clinical specimens described above. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that Hes1 promoted the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro. In addition, exogenous expression of Hes1 significantly enhanced the metastatic ability of NPC cells in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Hes1 inhibited PTEN expression in NPC cells through binding to PTEN promoter region. Increased Hes1 expression and decreased PTEN expression were also observed in a cohort of NPC biopsies. Additional studies demonstrated that Hes1-induced EMT-like molecular changes and increased motility and invasion of NPC cells were mediated by PTEN. Taken together, our results suggest, for what we believe is the first time, that Hes1 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of NPC through inhibiting PTEN expression to trigger EMT-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui-Yan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Juan Qin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Fen Shen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rao-Ying Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Wen Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei-Ren Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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49
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Wang SC, Lin XL, Wang HY, Qin YJ, Chen L, Li J, Jia JS, Shen HF, Yang S, Xie RY, Wei F, Gao F, Rong XX, Yang J, Zhao WT, Zhang TT, Shi JW, Yao KT, Luo WR, Sun Y, Xiao D. Hes1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like cellular marker alterations and promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the PTEN/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2015. [PMID: 26452025 DOI: hes1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt)-like cellular marker alterations and promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the pten/akt pathway] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the transcriptional factor Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) has been observed in numerous cancers, but the precise roles of Hes1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer invasion and metastasis remain unknown. Our current study firstly revealed that Hes1 upregulation in a cohort of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies is significantly associated with the EMT, invasive and metastatic phenotypes of cancer. In the present study, we found that Hes1 overexpression triggered EMT-like cellular marker alterations of NPC cells, whereas knockdown of Hes1 through shRNA reversed the EMT-like phenotypes, as strongly supported by Hes1-mediated EMT in NPC clinical specimens described above. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that Hes1 promoted the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro. In addition, exogenous expression of Hes1 significantly enhanced the metastatic ability of NPC cells in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Hes1 inhibited PTEN expression in NPC cells through binding to PTEN promoter region. Increased Hes1 expression and decreased PTEN expression were also observed in a cohort of NPC biopsies. Additional studies demonstrated that Hes1-induced EMT-like molecular changes and increased motility and invasion of NPC cells were mediated by PTEN. Taken together, our results suggest, for what we believe is the first time, that Hes1 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of NPC through inhibiting PTEN expression to trigger EMT-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui-Yan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Juan Qin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Fen Shen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rao-Ying Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Wen Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei-Ren Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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50
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Chettouh H, Lequoy M, Fartoux L, Vigouroux C, Desbois-Mouthon C. Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin signalling in the pathogenesis and the clinical course of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2015; 35:2203-17. [PMID: 26123841 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most prevalent cancer and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The risk factors for HCC include cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, heavy alcohol intake and metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance is a common denominator of all of these conditions and is tethered to hyperinsulinaemia. Here, we give an overview of the recent advances linking hyperinsulinaemia to HCC development and progression. In particular, we summarise the underlying causes of hyperinsulinaemia in the setting of chronic liver diseases. We present epidemiological evidence linking metabolic diseases to HCC risk and HCC-related mortality, as well as the pathogenic cellular and molecular mechanisms explaining this relation. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which insulin participates in HCC biology might ultimately provide novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Chettouh
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lequoy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fartoux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Christèle Desbois-Mouthon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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