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Jain S, LaFrancois JJ, Gerencer K, Botterill JJ, Kennedy M, Criscuolo C, Scharfman H. Increasing adult-born neurons protects mice from epilepsy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.08.548217. [PMID: 37502909 PMCID: PMC10369878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.08.548217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, an area that contains neurons which are vulnerable to insults and injury, such as severe seizures. Previous studies showed that increasing adult neurogenesis reduced neuronal damage after these seizures. Because the damage typically is followed by chronic life-long seizures (epilepsy), we asked if increasing adult-born neurons would prevent epilepsy. Adult-born neurons were selectively increased by deleting the pro-apoptotic gene Bax from Nestin-expressing progenitors. Tamoxifen was administered at 6 weeks of age to conditionally delete Bax in Nestin-CreER T2 Bax fl/fl mice. Six weeks after tamoxifen administration, severe seizures (status epilepticus; SE) were induced by injection of the convulsant pilocarpine. After mice developed epilepsy, seizure frequency was quantified for 3 weeks. Mice with increased adult neurogenesis exhibited fewer chronic seizures. Postictal depression was reduced also. These results were primarily in female mice, possibly because they were the more affected by Bax deletion than males, consistent with sex differences in Bax. The female mice with enhanced adult neurogenesis also showed less neuronal loss of hilar mossy cells and hilar somatostatin-expressing neurons than wild type females or males, which is notable because these two hilar cell types are implicated in epileptogenesis. The results suggest that selective Bax deletion to increase adult-born neurons can reduce experimental epilepsy, and the effect shows a striking sex difference. The results are surprising in light of past studies showing that suppressing adult-born neurons can also reduce chronic seizures.
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Frame AK, Sinka JL, Courchesne M, Muhammad RA, Grahovac-Nemeth S, Bernards MA, Bartha R, Cumming RC. Altered neuronal lactate dehydrogenase A expression affects cognition in a sex- and age-dependent manner. iScience 2024; 27:110342. [PMID: 39055955 PMCID: PMC11269950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) model posits that astrocyte-generated lactate is transported to neurons to fuel memory processes. However, neurons express high levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), the rate-limiting enzyme of lactate production, suggesting a cognitive role for neuronally generated lactate. It was hypothesized that lactate metabolism in neurons is critical for learning and memory. Here transgenic mice were generated to conditionally induce or knockout (KO) the Ldha gene in CNS neurons of adult mice. High pattern separation memory was enhanced by neuronal Ldha induction in young females, and by neuronal Ldha KO in aged females. In older mice, Ldha induction caused cognitive deficits whereas Ldha KO caused cognitive improvements. Genotype-associated cognitive changes were often only observed in one sex or oppositely in males and females. Thus, neuronal-generated lactate has sex-specific cognitive effects, is largely indispensable at young age, and may be detrimental to learning and memory with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel K. Frame
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jessica L. Sinka
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Marc Courchesne
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark A. Bernards
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Robert C. Cumming
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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3
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Singh S, Becker S, Trappenberg T, Nunes A. Granule cells perform frequency-dependent pattern separation in a computational model of the dentate gyrus. Hippocampus 2024; 34:14-28. [PMID: 37950569 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mnemonic discrimination (MD) may be dependent on oscillatory perforant path input frequencies to the hippocampus in a "U"-shaped fashion, where some studies show that slow and fast input frequencies support MD, while other studies show that intermediate frequencies disrupt MD. We hypothesize that pattern separation (PS) underlies frequency-dependent MD performance. We aim to study, in a computational model of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), the network and cellular mechanisms governing this putative "U"-shaped PS relationship. We implemented a biophysical model of the DG that produces the hypothesized "U"-shaped input frequency-PS relationship, and its associated oscillatory electrophysiological signatures. We subsequently evaluated the network's PS ability using an adapted spatiotemporal task. We undertook systematic lesion studies to identify the network-level mechanisms driving the "U"-shaped input frequency-PS relationship. A minimal circuit of a single granule cell (GC) stimulated with oscillatory inputs was also used to study potential cellular-level mechanisms. Lesioning synapses onto GCs did not impact the "U"-shaped input frequency-PS relationship. Furthermore, GC inhibition limits PS performance for fast frequency inputs, while enhancing PS for slow frequency inputs. GC interspike interval was found to be input frequency dependent in a "U"-shaped fashion, paralleling frequency-dependent PS observed at the network level. Additionally, GCs showed an attenuated firing response for fast frequency inputs. We conclude that independent of network-level inhibition, GCs may intrinsically be capable of producing a "U"-shaped input frequency-PS relationship. GCs may preferentially decorrelate slow and fast inputs via spike timing reorganization and high frequency filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Singh
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanna Becker
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Trappenberg
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Abraham Nunes
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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4
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Villalba NM, Madarnas C, Bressano J, Sanchez V, Brusco A. Perinatal ethanol exposure affects cell populations in adult dorsal hippocampal neurogenic niche. Neurosci Res 2024; 198:8-20. [PMID: 37419388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopment is highly affected by perinatal ethanol exposure (PEE). In the adult brain, neurogenesis takes place in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and in the subventricular zone. This work aimed to analyze the effect of PEE on the cellular types involved in adult dorsal hippocampal neurogenesis phases using a murine model. For this purpose, primiparous female CD1 mice consumed only ethanol 6% v/v from 20 days prior to mating and along pregnancy and lactation to ensure that the pups were exposed to ethanol throughout pre- and early postnatal development. After weaning, pups had no further contact with ethanol. Cell types of the adult male dorsal DG were studied by immunofluorescence. A lower percentage of type 1 cells and immature neurons and a higher percentage of type 2 cells were observed in PEE animals. This decrease in type 1 cells suggests that PEE reduces the population of remnant progenitors of the dorsal DG present in adulthood. The increase in type 2 cells and the decrease in immature neurons indicate that, during neurodevelopment, ethanol alters the capacity of neuroblasts to become neurons in the adult neurogenic niche. These results suggest that pathways implicated in cell determination are affected by PEE and remain affected in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerina M Villalba
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, 1° Unidad Académica del Departamento de Histología, Biología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina Madarnas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Bressano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Sanchez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, 1° Unidad Académica del Departamento de Histología, Biología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Brusco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, 1° Unidad Académica del Departamento de Histología, Biología Celular, Embriología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Newell AJ, Patisaul HB. Developmental organophosphate flame retardant exposure disrupts adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Wistar rats. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:104-114. [PMID: 37783313 PMCID: PMC10842265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) contamination is ubiquitous and bio-monitoring studies have shown that human exposure is widespread and may be unavoidable. OPFRs bear structural similarities to known neurotoxicants such as organophosphate insecticides and have been shown to have both endocrine disrupting and developmental neurotoxic effects. The perinatal period in rodents represents a critical period in the organization of the developing nervous system and insults during this time can impart profound changes on the trajectory of neural development and function, lasting into adulthood. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) facilitates dentate gyrus function and broader hippocampal circuit activity in adults; however, the neurogenic potential of this process in adulthood is vulnerable to disruption by exogenous factors during early life. We sought to assess the impact of OPFRs on AHN in offspring of dams exposed during gestation and lactation. Results indicate that developmental OPFR exposure has significant, sex specific impacts on multiple markers of AHN in the dentate gyrus of rats. In males, OPFR exposure significantly reduced the number of neural progenitors the number of new/immature neurons and reduced dentate gyrus volume. In females, exposure increased the number of neural progenitors, decreased the number of new/immature neurons, but had no significant effect on dentate gyrus volume. These results further elucidate the developmental neurotoxic properties of OPFRs, emphasize the long-term impact of early life OPFR exposure on neural processes, and highlight the importance of including sex as a biological variable in neurotoxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Newell
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Mugnaini M, Trinchero MF, Schinder AF, Piatti VC, Kropff E. Unique potential of immature adult-born neurons for the remodeling of CA3 spatial maps. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113086. [PMID: 37676761 PMCID: PMC11342238 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian hippocampal circuits undergo extensive remodeling through adult neurogenesis. While this process has been widely studied, the specific contribution of adult-born granule cells (aGCs) to spatial operations in the hippocampus remains unknown. Here, we show that optogenetic activation of 4-week-old (young) aGCs in free-foraging mice produces a non-reversible reconfiguration of spatial maps in proximal CA3 while rarely evoking neural activity. Stimulation of the same neuronal cohort on subsequent days recruits CA3 neurons with increased efficacy but fails to induce further remapping. In contrast, stimulation of 8-week-old (mature) aGCs can reliably activate CA3 cells but produces no alterations in spatial maps. Our results reveal a unique role of young aGCs in remodeling CA3 representations, a potential that can be depleted and is lost with maturation. This ability could contribute to generate orthogonalized downstream codes supporting pattern separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Mugnaini
- Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Dr. Héctor Maldonado, Faculty of Exact and Natural Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; Laboratory of Physiology and Algorithms of the Brain, Leloir Institute (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Mariela F Trinchero
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Leloir Institute (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Schinder
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Leloir Institute (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina.
| | - Verónica C Piatti
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Leloir Institute (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina.
| | - Emilio Kropff
- Laboratory of Physiology and Algorithms of the Brain, Leloir Institute (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina.
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Amelchenko EM, Bezriadnov DV, Chekhov OA, Ivanova AA, Kedrov AV, Anokhin KV, Lazutkin AA, Enikolopov G. Cognitive Flexibility Is Selectively Impaired by Radiation and Is Associated with Differential Recruitment of Adult-Born Neurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6061-6083. [PMID: 37532464 PMCID: PMC10451007 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0161-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to elevated doses of ionizing radiation, such as those in therapeutic procedures, catastrophic accidents, or space exploration, increases the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The full range of radiation-induced cognitive deficits is unknown, partly because commonly used tests may be insufficiently sensitive or may not be adequately tuned for assessing the fine behavioral features affected by radiation. Here, we asked whether γ-radiation might affect learning, memory, and the overall ability to adapt behavior to cope with a challenging environment (cognitive/behavioral flexibility). We developed a new behavioral assay, the context discrimination Morris water maze (cdMWM) task, which is hippocampus-dependent and requires the integration of various contextual cues and the adjustment of search strategies. We exposed male mice to 1 or 5 Gy of γ rays and, at different time points after irradiation, trained them consecutively in spatial MWM, reversal MWM, and cdMWM tasks, and assessed their learning, navigational search strategies, and memory. Mice exposed to 5 Gy performed successfully in the spatial and reversal MWM tasks; however, in the cdMWM task 6 or 8 weeks (but not 3 weeks) after irradiation, they demonstrated transient learning deficit, decreased use of efficient spatially precise search strategies during learning, and, 6 weeks after irradiation, memory deficit. We also observed impaired neurogenesis after irradiation and selective activation of 12-week-old newborn neurons by specific components of cdMWM training paradigm. Thus, our new behavioral paradigm reveals the effects of γ-radiation on cognitive flexibility and indicates an extended timeframe for the functional maturation of new hippocampal neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Exposure to radiation can affect cognitive performance and cognitive flexibility - the ability to adapt to changed circumstances and demands. The full range of consequences of irradiation on cognitive flexibility is unknown, partly because of a lack of suitable models. Here, we developed a new behavioral task requiring mice to combine various types of cues and strategies to find a correct solution. We show that animals exposed to γ-radiation, despite being able to successfully solve standard problems, show delayed learning, deficient memory, and diminished use of efficient navigation patterns in circumstances requiring adjustments of previously used search strategies. This new task could be applied in other settings for assessing the cognitive changes induced by aging, trauma, or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny M Amelchenko
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Dmitri V Bezriadnov
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Chekhov
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Anna A Ivanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, 117485, Russian Federation
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Kedrov
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Anokhin
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Lazutkin
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, 117485, Russian Federation
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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8
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Amelchenko EM, Bezriadnov DV, Chekhov OA, Anokhin KV, Lazutkin AA, Enikolopov G. Age-related decline in cognitive flexibility is associated with the levels of hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1232670. [PMID: 37645372 PMCID: PMC10461065 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with impairments in learning, memory, and cognitive flexibility, as well as a gradual decline in hippocampal neurogenesis. We investigated the performance of 6-and 14-month-old mice (considered mature adult and late middle age, respectively) in learning and memory tasks based on the Morris water maze (MWM) and determined their levels of preceding and current neurogenesis. While both age groups successfully performed in the spatial version of MWM (sMWM), the older mice were less efficient compared to the younger mice when presented with modified versions of the MWM that required a reassessment of the previously acquired experience. This was detected in the reversal version of MWM (rMWM) and was particularly evident in the context discrimination MWM (cdMWM), a novel task that required integrating various distal cues, local cues, and altered contexts and adjusting previously used search strategies. Older mice were impaired in several metrics that characterize rMWM and cdMWM, however, they showed improvement and narrowed the performance gap with the younger mice after additional training. Furthermore, we analyzed the adult-born mature and immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and found a significant correlation between neurogenesis levels in individual mice and their performance in the tasks demanding cognitive flexibility. These results provide a detailed description of the age-related changes in learning and memory and underscore the importance of hippocampal neurogenesis in supporting cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny M. Amelchenko
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Olga A. Chekhov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Konstantin V. Anokhin
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Lazutkin
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Aguiar RP, Soares LM, Varney M, Newman-Tancredi A A, Milani H, Prickaerts J, de Oliveira RMW. NLX-101, a 5-HT 1A receptor-biased agonist, improves pattern separation and stimulates neuroplasticity in aged rats. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 124:52-59. [PMID: 36739621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
5-HT1A serotonin receptors may play a role in cognitive function changes related to advanced age. Here, we investigated the effects of acute and repeated treatment with NLX-101 (F15599), a postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor-biased agonist, and F13714, a presynaptic 5-HT1A receptor-biased agonist on spatial object pattern separation (OPS) in aged (22-24 months) rats. Neuroplasticity markers including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, PSD95, synaptophysin, and doublecortin were evaluated in the hippocampus. Unlike younger rats, aged rats were incapable of discriminating any new position of the objects in the arena, reflecting the detrimental effect of aging on pattern separation. However, aged animals treated with NLX-101 showed a significant cognitive improvement in the OPS test, accompanied by increases in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and PSD95 protein levels. In contrast, no improvement in OPS performance was observed when aged rats received F13714. Both F13714 and NLX-101 increased the number of newborn neurons in the hippocampi of aged rats. These findings provide a rationale for targeting post-synaptic 5-HT1A as a treatment for cognitive deficits related to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pazinatto Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lígia Mendes Soares
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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10
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Sun D, Mei L, Xiong WC. Dorsal Dentate Gyrus, a Key Regulator for Mood and Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)00009-4. [PMID: 36894487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus, a "gate" that controls the flow of information into the hippocampus, is critical for learning, memory, spatial navigation, and mood regulation. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that deficits in dentate granule cells (DGCs) (e.g., loss of DGCs or genetic mutations in DGCs) contribute to the development of various psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Whereas ventral DGCs are believed to be critical for mood regulation, the functions of dorsal DGCs in this regard remain elusive. Here, we review the role of DGCs, in particular the dorsal DGCs, in the regulation of mood, their functional relationships with DGC development, and the contributions of dysfunctional DGCs to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Huang J, Wu Y, Chai X, Wang S, Zhao Y, Hou Y, Ma Y, Chen S, Zhao S, Zhu X. β-Hydroxybutyric acid improves cognitive function in a model of heat stress by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:57. [PMID: 37676574 PMCID: PMC10441921 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has multiple potential effects on the brain, such as neuroinflammation, neurogenesis defects, and cognitive impairment. β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) has been demonstrated to play neuroprotective roles in various models of neurological diseases. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of BHBA in alleviating heat stress-induced impairments of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Mice were exposed to 43 ℃ for 15 min for 14 days after administration with saline, BHBA, or minocycline. Here, we showed for the first time that BHBA normalized memory ability in the heat stress-treated mice and attenuated heat stress-impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. Consistently, BHBA noticeably improved the synaptic plasticity in the heat stress-treated hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the decrease of synapse-associated proteins and the density of dendritic spines. Moreover, BHBA inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase-3 by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the heat stress-treated hippocampus by activating the protein kinase B (Akt)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) pathways. These findings indicate that BHBA is a potential agent for improving cognitive functions in heat stress-treated mice. The action may be mediated by ER stress, and Akt-CREB-BDNF and MeCP2 pathways to improve adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongji Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Li WP, Su XH, Hu NY, Hu J, Li XW, Yang JM, Gao TM. Astrocytes Mediate Cholinergic Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Memory Through M 1 Muscarinic Receptor. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:984-998. [PMID: 35787318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the neurogenic niches of the adult hippocampus, new functional neurons are continuously generated throughout life, and generation of these neurons has been implicated in learning and memory. Astrocytes, as components of the neurogenic niches, are critical in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). However, little is known about how astrocytes receive and respond to extrinsic cues to regulate AHN. METHODS By using a transgenic strategy to conditionally delete astrocytic CRHM1 in mice and AAV (adeno-associated virus)-mediated overexpression of astrocytic CHRM1 specifically in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, we systematically investigated the role of astrocytic CHRM1 in the regulation of AHN and the underlying mechanisms using the combined approaches of immunohistochemistry, retrovirus labeling, electrophysiology, primary astrocyte cultures, immunoblotting, and behavioral assays. RESULTS We report that genetic ablation of CHRM1 in astrocytes led to defects in neural stem cell survival, neuronal differentiation, and maturation and integration of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus. Astrocytic CHRM1-mediated modulation of AHN was mediated by BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) signaling. Furthermore, CHRM1 ablation in astrocytes impaired contextual fear memory. These impairments in both AHN and memory were rescued by overexpression of astrocytic CHRM1 in the dentate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a critical role for astrocytes in mediating cholinergic regulation of AHN and memory through CHRM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Institutes of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Institutes of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng-Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Institutes of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Institutes of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Institutes of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Institutes of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Institutes of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Guzzetta KE, Cryan JF, O’Leary OF. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Brain Plast 2022; 8:97-119. [PMID: 36448039 PMCID: PMC9661352 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-220141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The birth, maturation, and integration of new neurons in the adult hippocampus regulates specific learning and memory processes, responses to stress, and antidepressant treatment efficacy. This process of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sensitive to environmental stimuli, including peripheral signals from certain cytokines, hormones, and metabolites, which can promote or hinder the production and survival of new hippocampal neurons. The trillions of microorganisms resident to the gastrointestinal tract, collectively known as the gut microbiota, also demonstrate the ability to modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In doing so, the microbiota-gut-brain axis can influence brain functions regulated by adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Unlike the hippocampus, the gut microbiota is highly accessible to direct interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics, and can be manipulated by lifestyle choices including diet. Therefore, understanding the pathways by which the gut microbiota shapes hippocampal neurogenesis may reveal novel targets for non-invasive therapeutics to treat disorders in which alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis have been implicated. This review first outlines the factors which influence both the gut microbiome and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with cognizance that these effects might happen either independently or due to microbiota-driven mechanisms. We then highlight approaches for investigating the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Finally, we summarize the current evidence demonstrating the gut microbiota's ability to influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis, including mechanisms driven through immune pathways, microbial metabolites, endocrine signalling, and the nervous system, and postulate implications for these effects in disease onset and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F. O’Leary
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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14
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Faykoo-Martinez M, Collins T, Peragine D, Malik M, Javed F, Kolisnyk M, Ziolkowski J, Jeewa I, Cheng AH, Lowden C, Mascarenhas B, Cheng HYM, Holmes MM. Protracted neuronal maturation in a long-lived, highly social rodent. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273098. [PMID: 36107951 PMCID: PMC9477366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are a long-lived rodent species (current lifespan >37 years) and an increasingly popular biomedical model. Naked mole-rats exhibit neuroplasticity across their long lifespan. Previous studies have begun to investigate their neurogenic patterns. Here, we test the hypothesis that neuronal maturation is extended in this long-lived rodent. We characterize cell proliferation and neuronal maturation in established rodent neurogenic regions over 12 months following seven days of consecutive BrdU injection. Given that naked mole-rats are eusocial (high reproductive skew where only a few socially-dominant individuals reproduce), we also looked at proliferation in brain regions relevant to the social-decision making network. Finally, we measured co-expression of EdU (newly-born cells), DCX (immature neuron marker), and NeuN (mature neuron marker) to assess the timeline of neuronal maturation in adult naked mole-rats. This work reaffirms the subventricular zone as the main source of adult cell proliferation and suggests conservation of the rostral migratory stream in this species. Our profiling of socially-relevant brain regions suggests that future work which manipulates environmental context can unveil how newly-born cells integrate into circuitry and facilitate adult neuroplasticity. We also find naked mole-rat neuronal maturation sits at the intersection of rodents and long-lived, non-rodent species: while neurons can mature by 3 weeks (rodent-like), most neurons mature at 5 months and hippocampal neurogenic levels are low (like long-lived species). These data establish a timeline for future investigations of longevity- and socially-related manipulations of naked mole-rat adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Troy Collins
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diana Peragine
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Manahil Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Fiza Javed
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Kolisnyk
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Justine Ziolkowski
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Imaan Jeewa
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur H. Cheng
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Lowden
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brittany Mascarenhas
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa M. Holmes
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Gamble ME, Marfatia R, Diaz MR. Prenatal methadone exposure leads to long‐term memory impairments and disruptions of dentate granule cell function in a sex‐dependent manner. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13215. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E. Gamble
- Psychology Department Binghamton University 4000 Vestal Parkway E Binghamton NY 13902 USA
| | - Rhea Marfatia
- Psychology Department Binghamton University 4000 Vestal Parkway E Binghamton NY 13902 USA
| | - Marvin R. Diaz
- Psychology Department Binghamton University 4000 Vestal Parkway E Binghamton NY 13902 USA
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16
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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17
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K v1.1 preserves the neural stem cell pool and facilitates neuron maturation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118240119. [PMID: 35613055 PMCID: PMC9295736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118240119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research on adult neurogenesis, little is known about the role of bioelectric signaling in this process. In this study, we describe how a voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv1.1, supports adult neurogenesis by maintaining the neural stem cell niche and facilitating newborn neuron development. Additionally, we show that deletion of Kv1.1 from adult neural stem cells contributes to modest impairments in hippocampus-dependent contextual fear learning and memory. Dysfunctional adult neurogenesis has been implicated in cognitive decline associated with aging and neurological disease. Therefore, understanding the role of Kv1.1 in adult neurogenesis represents an opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets to promote healthy neurogenesis and cognition. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is critical for learning and memory, and aberrant adult neurogenesis has been implicated in cognitive decline associated with aging and neurological diseases [J. T. Gonçalves, S. T. Schafer, F. H. Gage, Cell 167, 897–914 (2016)]. In previous studies, we observed that the delayed-rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.1 controls the membrane potential of neural stem and progenitor cells and acts as a brake on neurogenesis during neonatal hippocampal development [S. M. Chou et al., eLife 10, e58779 (2021)]. To assess the role of Kv1.1 in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we developed an inducible conditional knockout mouse to specifically remove Kv1.1 from adult neural stem cells via tamoxifen administration. We determined that Kv1.1 deletion in adult neural stem cells causes overproliferation and depletion of radial glia-like neural stem cells, prevents proper adult-born granule cell maturation and integration into the dentate gyrus, and moderately impairs hippocampus-dependent contextual fear learning and memory. Taken together, these findings support a critical role for this voltage-gated ion channel in adult neurogenesis.
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18
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Hodges TE, Lee GY, Noh SH, Galea LA. Sex and age differences in cognitive bias and neural activation in response to cognitive bias testing. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 18:100458. [PMID: 35586750 PMCID: PMC9109184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive symptoms of depression, including negative cognitive bias, are more severe in women than in men. Current treatments to reduce negative cognitive bias are not effective and sex differences in the neural activity underlying cognitive bias may play a role. Here we examined sex and age differences in cognitive bias and functional connectivity in a novel paradigm. Male and female rats underwent an 18-day cognitive bias procedure, in which they learned to discriminate between two contexts (shock paired context A, no-shock paired context B), during either adolescence (postnatal day (PD 40)), young adulthood (PD 100), or middle-age (PD 210). Cognitive bias was measured as freezing behaviour in response to an ambiguous context (context C), with freezing levels akin to the shock paired context coded as negative bias. All animals learned to discriminate between the two contexts, regardless of sex or age. However, adults (young adults, middle-aged) displayed a greater negative cognitive bias compared to adolescents, and middle-aged males had a greater negative cognitive bias than middle-aged females. Females had greater neural activation of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampal regions to the ambiguous context compared to males, and young rats (adolescent, young adults) had greater neural activation in these regions compared to middle-aged rats. Functional connectivity between regions involved in cognitive bias differed by age and sex, and only adult males had negative correlations between the frontal regions and hippocampal regions. These findings highlight the importance of examining age and sex when investigating the underpinnings of negative cognitive bias and lay the groundwork for determining what age- and sex-specific regions to target in future cognitive bias studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E. Hodges
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Grace Y. Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sophia H. Noh
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liisa A.M. Galea
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
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19
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Neurogenesis mediated plasticity is associated with reduced neuronal activity in CA1 during context fear memory retrieval. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7016. [PMID: 35488117 PMCID: PMC9054819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis has been demonstrated to affect learning and memory in numerous ways. Several studies have now demonstrated that increased neurogenesis can induce forgetting of memories acquired prior to the manipulation of neurogenesis and, as a result of this forgetting can also facilitate new learning. However, the mechanisms mediating neurogenesis-induced forgetting are not well understood. Here, we used a subregion-based analysis of the immediate early gene c-Fos as well as in vivo fiber photometry to determine changes in activity corresponding with neurogenesis induced forgetting. We found that increasing neurogenesis led to reduced CA1 activity during context memory retrieval. We also demonstrate here that perineuronal net expression in areas CA1 is bidirectionally altered by the levels or activity of postnatally generated neurons in the dentate gyrus. These results suggest that neurogenesis may induce forgetting by disrupting perineuronal nets in CA1 which may otherwise protect memories from degradation.
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20
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Koehl M, Ladevèze E, Montcouquiol M, Abrous DN. Vangl2, a Core Component of the WNT/PCP Pathway, Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Age-Related Decline in Cognitive Flexibility. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:844255. [PMID: 35370613 PMCID: PMC8965557 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.844255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in episodic memory is one of the hallmarks of aging and represents one of the most important health problems facing Western societies. A key structure in episodic memory is the hippocampal formation and the dentate gyrus in particular, as the continuous production of new dentate granule neurons in this brain region was found to play a crucial role in memory and age-related decline in memory. As such, understanding the molecular processes that regulate the relationship between adult neurogenesis and aging of memory function holds great therapeutic potential. Recently, we found that Vang-Gogh like 2 (Vangl2), a core component of the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling pathway, is enriched in the dentate gyrus of adult mice. In this context, we sought to evaluate the involvement of this member of the Wnt/PCP pathway in both adult neurogenesis and memory abilities in adult and middle-aged mice. Using a heterozygous mouse model carrying a dominant-negative mutation in the Vangl2 gene, called Looptail (Vangl2Lp), we show that alteration in Vangl2 expression decreases the survival of adult-born granule cells and advances the onset of a decrease in cognitive flexibility. The inability of mutant mice to erase old irrelevant information to the benefit of new relevant ones highlights a key role of Vangl2 in interference-based forgetting. Taken together, our findings show that Vangl2 activity may constitute an interesting target to prevent age-related decline in hippocampal plasticity and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Koehl
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, Bordeaux, France
- *Correspondence: Muriel Koehl
| | - Elodie Ladevèze
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Magendie, U1215, Planar Polarity and Plasticity Group, Bordeaux, France
| | - Djoher Nora Abrous
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, Bordeaux, France
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21
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Hernández-Mercado K, Zepeda A. Morris Water Maze and Contextual Fear Conditioning Tasks to Evaluate Cognitive Functions Associated With Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:782947. [PMID: 35046769 PMCID: PMC8761726 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.782947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons are continuously generated and functionally integrated into the dentate gyrus (DG) network during the adult lifespan of most mammals. The hippocampus is a crucial structure for spatial learning and memory, and the addition of new neurons into the DG circuitry of rodents seems to be a key element for these processes to occur. The Morris water maze (MWM) and contextual fear conditioning (CFC) are among the most commonly used hippocampus-dependent behavioral tasks to study episodic-like learning and memory in rodents. While the functional contribution of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) through these paradigms has been widely addressed, results have generated controversial findings. In this review, we analyze and discuss possible factors in the experimental methods that could explain the inconsistent results among AHN studies; moreover, we provide specific suggestions for the design of more sensitive protocols to assess AHN-mediated learning and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hernández-Mercado
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicológia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Angélica Zepeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicológia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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22
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Tripathi S, Jha SK. REM Sleep Deprivation Alters Learning-Induced Cell Proliferation and Generation of Newborn Young Neurons in the Dentate Gyrus of the Dorsal Hippocampus. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:194-206. [PMID: 34990120 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus-dependent "trace-appetitive conditioning task" increases cell proliferation and the generation of newborn young neurons. Evidence suggests that adult hippocampal neurogenesis and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep play an essential role in memory consolidation. On the other hand, REM sleep deprivation (REM-SD) induces detrimental effects on training-induced cell proliferation in the hippocampus's dentate gyrus (DG). Nonetheless, the role of REM sleep in the trace-appetitive memory and fate determination of the newly proliferated cells is not known. Here, we have studied the following: (I) the effects of 24 h of REM-SD (soon after training) on trace- and delay-appetitive memory and cell proliferation in the adult DG and (II) the effects of chronic (96 h) REM-SD (3 days after the training, the period in which newly generated cells progressed toward the neuronal lineage) on trace-appetitive memory and the generation of newborn young neurons. We used a modified multiple platform method for the selective REM-SD without altering non-REM (NREM) sleep. We found that 24 h of REM-SD, soon after trace-conditioning, impaired the trace-appetitive memory and the training-induced cell proliferation. Nevertheless, 96 h of REM-SD (3 days after the training) did not impair trace memory. Interestingly, 96 h of REM-SD altered the generation of newborn young neurons. These results suggest that REM sleep plays an essential role in training-induced cell proliferation and the fate determination of the newly generated cells toward the neuronal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Tripathi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sushil K. Jha
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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23
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Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Human and Animal Studies with Implications for Therapeutic Perspectives Aimed at Memory Recovery. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:9959044. [PMID: 35075360 PMCID: PMC8783751 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9959044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hippocampal dentate gyrus is a niche for adult neurogenesis from neural stem cells. Newborn neurons integrate into existing neuronal networks, where they play a key role in hippocampal functions, including learning and memory. In the ageing brain, neurogenic capability progressively declines while in parallel increases the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss. Numerous studies have investigated whether impaired adult neurogenesis contributes to memory decline in AD. Here, we review the literature on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and AD by focusing on both human and mouse model studies. First, we describe key steps of AHN, report recent evidence of this phenomenon in humans, and describe the specific contribution of newborn neurons to memory, as evinced by animal studies. Next, we review articles investigating AHN in AD patients and critically examine the discrepancies among different studies over the last two decades. Also, we summarize researches investigating AHN in AD mouse models, and from these studies, we extrapolate the contribution of molecular factors linking AD-related changes to impaired neurogenesis. Lastly, we examine animal studies that link impaired neurogenesis to specific memory dysfunctions in AD and review treatments that have the potential to rescue memory capacities in AD by stimulating AHN.
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Surget A, Belzung C. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis shapes adaptation and improves stress response: a mechanistic and integrative perspective. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:403-421. [PMID: 33990771 PMCID: PMC8960391 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) represents a remarkable form of neuroplasticity that has increasingly been linked to the stress response in recent years. However, the hippocampus does not itself support the expression of the different dimensions of the stress response. Moreover, the main hippocampal functions are essentially preserved under AHN depletion and adult-born immature neurons (abGNs) have no extrahippocampal projections, which questions the mechanisms by which abGNs influence functions supported by brain areas far from the hippocampus. Within this framework, we propose that through its computational influences AHN is pivotal in shaping adaption to environmental demands, underlying its role in stress response. The hippocampus with its high input convergence and output divergence represents a computational hub, ideally positioned in the brain (1) to detect cues and contexts linked to past, current and predicted stressful experiences, and (2) to supervise the expression of the stress response at the cognitive, affective, behavioral, and physiological levels. AHN appears to bias hippocampal computations toward enhanced conjunctive encoding and pattern separation, promoting contextual discrimination and cognitive flexibility, reducing proactive interference and generalization of stressful experiences to safe contexts. These effects result in gating downstream brain areas with more accurate and contextualized information, enabling the different dimensions of the stress response to be more appropriately set with specific contexts. Here, we first provide an integrative perspective of the functional involvement of AHN in the hippocampus and a phenomenological overview of the stress response. We then examine the mechanistic underpinning of the role of AHN in the stress response and describe its potential implications in the different dimensions accompanying this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Surget
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
| | - C Belzung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
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Abrous DN, Koehl M, Lemoine M. A Baldwin interpretation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: from functional relevance to physiopathology. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:383-402. [PMID: 34103674 PMCID: PMC8960398 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal adult neurogenesis has been associated to many cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions and dysfunctions, and its status as a selected effect or an "appendix of the brain" has been debated. In this review, we propose to understand hippocampal neurogenesis as the process underlying the "Baldwin effect", a particular situation in evolution where fitness does not rely on the natural selection of genetic traits, but on "ontogenetic adaptation" to a changing environment. This supports the view that a strong distinction between developmental and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is made. We propose that their functions are the constitution and the lifelong adaptation, respectively, of a basic repertoire of cognitive and emotional behaviors. This lifelong adaptation occurs through new forms of binding, i.e., association or dissociation of more basic elements. This distinction further suggests that a difference is made between developmental vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) developmental hippocampal neurogenesis, and adult vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) adult hippocampal neurogenesis. According to this hypothesis, developmental and adult vulnerability are distinct risk factors for various mental disorders in adults. This framework suggests new avenues for research on hippocampal neurogenesis and its implication in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djoher Nora Abrous
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Muriel Koehl
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maël Lemoine
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversity Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
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26
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Mateus-Pinheiro A, Patrício P, Alves ND, Martins-Macedo J, Caetano I, Silveira-Rosa T, Araújo B, Mateus-Pinheiro M, Silva-Correia J, Sardinha VM, Loureiro-Campos E, Rodrigues AJ, Oliveira JF, Bessa JM, Sousa N, Pinto L. Hippocampal cytogenesis abrogation impairs inter-regional communication between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and promotes the time-dependent manifestation of emotional and cognitive deficits. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7154-7166. [PMID: 34521994 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Impaired ability to generate new cells in the adult brain has been linked to deficits in multiple emotional and cognitive behavioral domains. However, the mechanisms by which abrogation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) impacts on brain function remains controversial. We used a transgenic rat line, the GFAP-Tk, to selectively eliminate NSCs and assess repercussions on different behavioral domains. To assess the functional importance of newborn cells in specific developmental stages, two parallel experimental timeframes were adopted: a short- and a long-term timeline, 1 and 4 weeks after the abrogation protocol, respectively. We conducted in vivo electrophysiology to assess the effects of cytogenesis abrogation on the functional properties of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and on their intercommunication. Adult brain cytogenesis abrogation promoted a time-specific installation of behavioral deficits. While the lack of newborn immature hippocampal neuronal and glial cells elicited a behavioral phenotype restricted to hyperanxiety and cognitive rigidity, specific abrogation of mature new neuronal and glial cells promoted the long-term manifestation of a more complex behavioral profile encompassing alterations in anxiety and hedonic behaviors, along with deficits in multiple cognitive modalities. More so, abrogation of 4 to 7-week-old cells resulted in impaired electrophysiological synchrony of neural theta oscillations between the dorsal hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex, which are likely to contribute to the described long-term cognitive alterations. Hence, this work provides insight on how newborn neurons and astrocytes display different functional roles throughout different maturation stages, and establishes common ground to reconcile contrasting results that have marked this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Mateus-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Internal Medicine, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dinis Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês Caetano
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silveira-Rosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel Mateus-Pinheiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Morais Sardinha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Loureiro-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Filipe Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,DIGARC, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - João M Bessa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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27
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Blankers SA, Galea LA. Androgens and Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus. ANDROGENS: CLINICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS 2021; 2:203-215. [PMID: 35024692 PMCID: PMC8744005 DOI: 10.1089/andro.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is modulated by steroid hormones, including androgens, in male rodents. In this review, we summarize research showing that chronic exposure to androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, enhances the survival of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of male, but not female, rodents, via the androgen receptor. However, the neurogenesis promoting the effect of androgens in the dentate gyrus may be limited to younger adulthood as it is not evident in middle-aged male rodents. Although direct exposure to androgens in adult or middle age does not significantly influence neurogenesis in female rodents, the aromatase inhibitor letrozole enhances neurogenesis in the hippocampus of middle-aged female mice. Unlike other androgens, androgenic anabolic steroids reduce neurogenesis in the hippocampus of male rodents. Collectively, the research indicates that the ability of androgens to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rodents is dependent on dose, androgen type, sex, duration, and age. We discuss these findings and how androgens may be influencing neuroprotection, via neurogenesis in the hippocampus, in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Blankers
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Liisa A.M. Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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28
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The spontaneous location recognition task for assessing spatial pattern separation and memory across a delay in rats and mice. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:5616-5633. [PMID: 34741153 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Keeping similar memories distinct from one another is a critical cognitive process without which we would have difficulty functioning in everyday life. Memories are thought to be kept distinct through the computational mechanism of pattern separation, which reduces overlap between similar input patterns to amplify differences among stored representations. At the behavioral level, impaired pattern separation has been shown to contribute to memory deficits seen in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, and in normal aging. This protocol describes the use of the spontaneous location recognition (SLR) task in mice and rats to behaviorally assess spatial pattern separation ability. This two-phase spontaneous memory task assesses the extent to which animals can discriminate and remember object locations presented during the encoding phase. Using three configurations of the task, the similarity of the to-be-remembered locations can be parametrically manipulated by altering the spatial positions of objects-dissimilar, similar or extra similar-to vary the load on pattern separation. Unlike other pattern separation tasks, SLR varies the load on pattern separation during encoding, when pattern separation is thought to occur. Furthermore, SLR can be used in standard rodent behavioral facilities with basic expertise in rodent handling. The entire protocol takes ~20 d from habituation to testing of the animals on all three task configurations. By incorporating breaks between testing, and varying the objects used as landmarks, animals can be tested repeatedly, increasing experimental power by allowing for within-subjects manipulations.
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29
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Moriya F, Shimba K, Kotani K, Jimbo Y. Change in network dynamics over time by administering Notch response inhibitor DAPT to hippocampal culture. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:6639-6642. [PMID: 34892630 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although previous researches have investigated the relationship between learning and memory function in the hippocampus and continuously produced newborn neurons, the detailed role of newly generated neurons remains unclear. Here, we investigated the correlation between immature neurons and the electrical activity of the hippocampus at the network level in vitro. We showed that administrating the Notch response inhibitor DAPT to the hippocampal network enhances the neuronal differentiation of newborn cells and decreases the ratio of immature neurons in hippocampal culture. Unlike the hippocampal network without DAPT, the network with DAPT decreased the burst duration and the coefficient of variation of interburst intervals over culturing time and showed a higher synchronization level of the network over time. Moreover, the number of neurons playing a receiver or sender neuron was lower in the network with DAPT than without DAPT. Our results indicate that immature neurons may contribute to assigning neurons specific nodes as the receiver of the sender and to the diversity of the network activity while altering connections among neurons in the network.Clinical Relevance- Our research demonstrated the effect of DAPT on the ratio of immature neurons. Furthermore, our study showed the role of immature neurons in the hippocampus at the network level.
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30
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Gillotin S, Sahni V, Lepko T, Hanspal MA, Swartz JE, Alexopoulou Z, Marshall FH. Targeting impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in ageing by leveraging intrinsic mechanisms regulating Neural Stem Cell activity. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101447. [PMID: 34403830 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in adult neurogenesis may contribute to the aetiology of many neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic ablation of neurogenesis provides proof of concept that adult neurogenesis is required to sustain complex and dynamic cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, mostly by providing a high degree of plasticity to neuronal circuits. In addition, adult neurogenesis is reactive to external stimuli and the environment making it particularly susceptible to impairment and consequently contributing to comorbidity. In the human brain, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is the main active source of neural stem cells that generate granule neurons throughout life. The regulation and preservation of the pool of neural stem cells is central to ensure continuous and healthy adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Recent advances in genetic and metabolic profiling alongside development of more predictive animal models have contributed to the development of new concepts and the emergence of molecular mechanisms that could pave the way to the implementation of new therapeutic strategies to treat neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss emerging molecular mechanisms underlying AHN that could be embraced in drug discovery to generate novel concepts and targets to treat diseases of ageing including neurodegeneration. To support this, we review cellular and molecular mechanisms that have recently been identified to assess how AHN is sustained throughout life and how AHN is associated with diseases. We also provide an outlook on strategies for developing correlated biomarkers that may accelerate the translation of pre-clinical and clinical data and review clinical trials for which modulation of AHN is part of the therapeutic strategy.
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31
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Westacott LJ, Haan N, Evison C, Marei O, Hall J, Hughes TR, Zaben M, Morgan BP, Humby T, Wilkinson LS, Gray WP. Dissociable effects of complement C3 and C3aR on survival and morphology of adult born hippocampal neurons, pattern separation, and cognitive flexibility in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:136-150. [PMID: 34403734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a form of ongoing plasticity in the brain that supports specific aspects of cognition. Disruptions in AHN have been observed in neuropsychiatric conditions presenting with inflammatory components and are associated with impairments in cognition and mood. Recent evidence highlights important roles of the complement system in synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis during neurodevelopment and in acute learning and memory processes. In this work we investigated the impact of the complement C3/C3aR pathway on AHN and its functional implications for AHN-related behaviours. In C3-/- mice, we found increased numbers and accelerated migration of adult born granule cells, indicating that absence of C3 leads to abnormal survival and distribution of adult born neurons. Loss of either C3 or C3aR affected the morphology of immature neurons, reducing morphological complexity, though these effects were more pronounced in the absence of C3aR. We assessed functional impacts of the cellular phenotypes in an operant spatial discrimination task that assayed AHN sensitive behaviours. Again, we observed differences in the effects of manipulating C3 or C3aR, in that whilst C3aR-/- mice showed evidence of enhanced pattern separation abilities, C3-/- mice instead demonstrated impaired behavioural flexibility. Our findings show that C3 and C3aR manipulation have distinct effects on AHN that impact at different stages in the development and maturation of newly born neurons, and that the dissociable cellular phenotypes are associated with specific alterations in AHN-related behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Westacott
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Niels Haan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Claudia Evison
- National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Omar Marei
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Complement Biology Group, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XW Cardiff, UK
| | - Malik Zaben
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Brain Repair and Intracranial Neurotherapeutics (BRAIN), Biomedical Research Unit, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Complement Biology Group, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XW Cardiff, UK; Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Trevor Humby
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Behavioural Genetics Group, Schools of Psychology and Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Lawrence S Wilkinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Behavioural Genetics Group, Schools of Psychology and Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - William P Gray
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Brain Repair and Intracranial Neurotherapeutics (BRAIN), Biomedical Research Unit, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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32
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Hippocampal neurogenesis promotes preference for future rewards. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6317-6335. [PMID: 34021262 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in a number of disorders where reward processing is disrupted but whether new neurons regulate specific aspects of reward-related decision making remains unclear. Given the role of the hippocampus in future-oriented cognition, here we tested whether adult neurogenesis regulates preference for future, advantageous rewards in a delay discounting paradigm for rats. Indeed, blocking neurogenesis caused a profound aversion for delayed rewards, and biased choice behavior toward immediately available, but smaller, rewards. Consistent with a role for the ventral hippocampus in impulsive decision making and future-thinking, neurogenesis-deficient animals displayed reduced activity in the ventral hippocampus. In intact animals, delay-based decision making restructured dendrites and spines in adult-born neurons and specifically activated adult-born neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus, relative to dorsal activation in rats that chose between immediately-available rewards. Putative developmentally-born cells, located in the superficial granule cell layer, did not display task-specific activity. These findings identify a novel and specific role for neurogenesis in decisions about future rewards, thereby implicating newborn neurons in disorders where short-sighted gains are preferred at the expense of long-term health.
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33
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Kim IB, Park SC. The Entorhinal Cortex and Adult Neurogenesis in Major Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11725. [PMID: 34769155 PMCID: PMC8583901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by impairments in adult neurogenesis. Reduced hippocampal function, which is suggestive of neurogenesis impairments, is associated with depression-related phenotypes. As adult neurogenesis operates in an activity-dependent manner, disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis in depression may be a consequence of neural circuitry impairments. In particular, the entorhinal cortex is known to have a regulatory effect on the neural circuitry related to hippocampal function and adult neurogenesis. However, a comprehensive understanding of how disruption of the neural circuitry can lead to neurogenesis impairments in depression remains unclear with respect to the regulatory role of the entorhinal cortex. This review highlights recent findings suggesting neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, with a focus on the potential role of the entorhinal cortex in hippocampal neurogenesis in depression-related cognitive and emotional phenotypes. Taken together, these findings may provide a better understanding of the entorhinal cortex-regulated hippocampal neurogenesis model of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Bin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
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34
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Domínguez-Rivas E, Ávila-Muñoz E, Schwarzacher SW, Zepeda A. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation: A molecular, cellular and behavioral review. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:286-302. [PMID: 34174334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous generation of new neurons occurs in at least two well-defined niches in the adult rodent brain. One of these areas is the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. While the DG is associated with contextual and spatial learning and memory, hippocampal neurogenesis is necessary for pattern separation. Hippocampal neurogenesis begins with the activation of neural stem cells and culminates with the maturation and functional integration of a portion of the newly generated glutamatergic neurons into the hippocampal circuits. The neurogenic process is continuously modulated by intrinsic factors, one of which is neuroinflammation. The administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been widely used as a model of neuroinflammation and has yielded a body of evidence for unveiling the detrimental impact of inflammation upon the neurogenic process. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the effects of the systemic and central administration of LPS upon the different stages of neurogenesis and discuss their effects at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Domínguez-Rivas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Evangelina Ávila-Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephan W Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Angélica Zepeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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35
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Moriya F, Shimba K, Kotani K, Jimbo Y. Modulation of dynamics in a pre-existing hippocampal network by neural stem cells on a microelectrode array. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34380120 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac1c88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Neural stem cells (NSCs) are continuously produced throughout life in the hippocampus, which is a vital structure for learning and memory. NSCs in the brain incorporate into the functional hippocampal circuits and contribute to processing information. However, little is known about the mechanisms of NSCs' activity in a pre-existing neuronal network. Here, we investigate the role of NSCs in the neuronal activity of a pre-existing hippocampalin vitronetwork grown on microelectrode arrays.Approach.We assessed the change in internal dynamics of the network by additional NSCs based on spontaneous activity. We also evaluated the networks' ability to discriminate between different input patterns by measuring evoked activity in response to external inputs.Main results.Analysis of spontaneous activity revealed that additional NSCs prolonged network bursts with longer intervals, generated a lower number of initiating patterns, and decreased synchronization among neurons. Moreover, the network with NSCs showed higher synchronicity in close connections among neurons responding to external inputs and a larger difference in spike counts and cross-correlations during evoked response between two different inputs. Taken together, our results suggested that NSCs alter the internal dynamics of the pre-existing hippocampal network and produce more specific responses to external inputs, thus enhancing the ability of the network to differentiate two different inputs.Significance.We demonstrated that NSCs improve the ability to distinguish external inputs by modulating the internal dynamics of a pre-existing network in a hippocampal culture. Our results provide novel insights into the relationship between NSCs and learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Moriya
- The Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Shimba
- The Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kotani
- The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Jimbo
- The Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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36
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Castillon C, Gonzalez L, Domenichini F, Guyon S, Da Silva K, Durand C, Lestaevel P, Vaillend C, Laroche S, Barnier JV, Poirier R. The intellectual disability PAK3 R67C mutation impacts cognitive functions and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1950-1968. [PMID: 31943058 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between mutations associated with intellectual disability (ID) and the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunctions remains largely unknown. Here, we focused on PAK3, a serine/threonine kinase whose gene mutations cause X-linked ID. We generated a new mutant mouse model bearing the missense R67C mutation of the Pak3 gene (Pak3-R67C), known to cause moderate to severe ID in humans without other clinical signs and investigated hippocampal-dependent memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Adult male Pak3-R67C mice exhibited selective impairments in long-term spatial memory and pattern separation function, suggestive of altered hippocampal neurogenesis. A delayed non-matching to place paradigm testing memory flexibility and proactive interference, reported here as being adult neurogenesis-dependent, revealed a hypersensitivity to high interference in Pak3-R67C mice. Analyzing adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Pak3-R67C mice reveals no alteration in the first steps of adult neurogenesis, but an accelerated death of a population of adult-born neurons during the critical period of 18-28 days after their birth. We then investigated the recruitment of hippocampal adult-born neurons after spatial memory recall. Post-recall activation of mature dentate granule cells in Pak3-R67C mice was unaffected, but a complete failure of activation of young DCX + newborn neurons was found, suggesting they were not recruited during the memory task. Decreased expression of the KCC2b chloride cotransporter and altered dendritic development indicate that young adult-born neurons are not fully functional in Pak3-R67C mice. We suggest that these defects in the dynamics and learning-associated recruitment of newborn hippocampal neurons may contribute to the selective cognitive deficits observed in this mouse model of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Castillon
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurine Gonzalez
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Florence Domenichini
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sandrine Guyon
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Kevin Da Silva
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christelle Durand
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cyrille Vaillend
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Serge Laroche
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Roseline Poirier
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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37
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Johnston S, Parylak SL, Kim S, Mac N, Lim C, Gallina I, Bloyd C, Newberry A, Saavedra CD, Novak O, Gonçalves JT, Gage FH, Shtrahman M. AAV ablates neurogenesis in the adult murine hippocampus. eLife 2021; 10:e59291. [PMID: 34259630 PMCID: PMC8331179 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has been widely used as a viral vector across mammalian biology and has been shown to be safe and effective in human gene therapy. We demonstrate that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and immature dentate granule cells (DGCs) within the adult murine hippocampus are particularly sensitive to rAAV-induced cell death. Cell loss is dose dependent and nearly complete at experimentally relevant viral titers. rAAV-induced cell death is rapid and persistent, with loss of BrdU-labeled cells within 18 hr post-injection and no evidence of recovery of adult neurogenesis at 3 months post-injection. The remaining mature DGCs appear hyperactive 4 weeks post-injection based on immediate early gene expression, consistent with previous studies investigating the effects of attenuating adult neurogenesis. In vitro application of AAV or electroporation of AAV2 inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) is sufficient to induce cell death. Efficient transduction of the dentategyrus (DG)- without ablating adult neurogenesis- can be achieved by injection of rAAV2-retro serotyped virus into CA3. rAAV2-retro results in efficient retrograde labeling of mature DGCs and permits in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of dentate activity while leaving adult neurogenesis intact. These findings expand on recent reports implicating rAAV-linked toxicity in stem cells and other cell types and suggest that future work using rAAV as an experimental tool in the DG and as a gene therapy for diseases of the central nervous system should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Johnston
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Sarah L Parylak
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Stacy Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Nolan Mac
- Department of Biology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Christina Lim
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Iryna Gallina
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Cooper Bloyd
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Alexander Newberry
- Department of Physics, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Christian D Saavedra
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles UniversityPragueUnited Kingdom
| | - J Tiago Gonçalves
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Matthew Shtrahman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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38
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Hippocampal subfield transcriptome analysis in schizophrenia psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2577-2589. [PMID: 32152472 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated functional and molecular changes in hippocampal subfields in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) psychosis associated with hippocampal excitability. In this study, we use RNA-seq and assess global transcriptome changes in the hippocampal subfields, DG, CA3, and CA1 from individuals with SZ psychosis and controls to elucidate subfield-relevant molecular changes. We also examine changes in gene expression due to antipsychotic medication in the hippocampal subfields from our SZ ON- and OFF-antipsychotic medication cohort. We identify unique subfield-specific molecular profiles in schizophrenia postmortem samples compared with controls, implicating astrocytes in DG, immune mechanisms in CA3, and synaptic scaling in CA1. We show a unique pattern of subfield-specific effects by antipsychotic medication on gene expression levels with scant overlap of genes differentially expressed by SZ disease effect versus medication effect. These hippocampal subfield changes serve to confirm and extend our previous model of SZ and can explain the lack of full efficacy of conventional antipsychotic medication on SZ symptomatology. With future characterization using single-cell studies, the identified distinct molecular profiles of the DG, CA3, and CA1 in SZ psychosis may serve to identify further potential hippocampal-based therapeutic targets.
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39
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Lods M, Pacary E, Mazier W, Farrugia F, Mortessagne P, Masachs N, Charrier V, Massa F, Cota D, Ferreira G, Abrous DN, Tronel S. Adult-born neurons immature during learning are necessary for remote memory reconsolidation in rats. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1778. [PMID: 33741954 PMCID: PMC7979763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory reconsolidation, the process by which memories are again stabilized after being reactivated, has strengthened the idea that memory stabilization is a highly plastic process. To date, the molecular and cellular bases of reconsolidation have been extensively investigated particularly within the hippocampus. However, the role of adult neurogenesis in memory reconsolidation is unclear. Here, we combined functional imaging, retroviral and chemogenetic approaches in rats to tag and manipulate different populations of rat adult-born neurons. We find that both mature and immature adult-born neurons are activated by remote memory retrieval. However, only specific silencing of the adult-born neurons immature during learning impairs remote memory retrieval-induced reconsolidation. Hence, our findings show that adult-born neurons immature during learning are required for the maintenance and update of remote memory reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lods
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Pacary
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wilfrid Mazier
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Farrugia
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Mortessagne
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nuria Masachs
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vanessa Charrier
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Federico Massa
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- INRA, Bordeaux INP, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Djoher Nora Abrous
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Sophie Tronel
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.
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40
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Kim IB, Park SC. Neural Circuitry-Neurogenesis Coupling Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2468. [PMID: 33671109 PMCID: PMC7957816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by the disruption of both neural circuitry and neurogenesis. Defects in hippocampal activity and volume, indicative of reduced neurogenesis, are associated with depression-related behaviors in both humans and animals. Neurogenesis in adulthood is considered an activity-dependent process; therefore, hippocampal neurogenesis defects in depression can be a result of defective neural circuitry activity. However, the mechanistic understanding of how defective neural circuitry can induce neurogenesis defects in depression remains unclear. This review highlights the current findings supporting the neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, especially focusing on hippocampal neurogenesis regulated by the entorhinal cortex, with regard to memory, pattern separation, and mood. Taken together, these findings may pave the way for future progress in neural circuitry-neurogenesis coupling studies of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Bin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
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41
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Kerloch T, Farrugia F, Bouit L, Maître M, Terral G, Koehl M, Mortessagne P, Heng JIT, Blanchard M, Doat H, Leste-Lasserre T, Goron A, Gonzales D, Perrais D, Guillemot F, Abrous DN, Pacary E. The atypical Rho GTPase Rnd2 is critical for dentate granule neuron development and anxiety-like behavior during adult but not neonatal neurogenesis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7280-7295. [PMID: 34561615 PMCID: PMC8872985 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the central role of Rho GTPases in neuronal development, their functions in adult hippocampal neurogenesis remain poorly explored. Here, by using a retrovirus-based loss-of-function approach in vivo, we show that the atypical Rho GTPase Rnd2 is crucial for survival, positioning, somatodendritic morphogenesis, and functional maturation of adult-born dentate granule neurons. Interestingly, most of these functions are specific to granule neurons generated during adulthood since the deletion of Rnd2 in neonatally-born granule neurons only affects dendritogenesis. In addition, suppression of Rnd2 in adult-born dentate granule neurons increases anxiety-like behavior whereas its deletion in pups has no such effect, a finding supporting the adult neurogenesis hypothesis of anxiety disorders. Thus, our results are in line with the view that adult neurogenesis is not a simple continuation of earlier processes from development, and establish a causal relationship between Rnd2 expression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kerloch
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Farrugia
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lou Bouit
- grid.462202.00000 0004 0382 7329Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marlène Maître
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XLaser microdissection Facility, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Geoffrey Terral
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Koehl
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Mortessagne
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julian Ik-Tsen Heng
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, 6102 Bentley, WA Australia
| | - Mylène Blanchard
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Doat
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XLaser microdissection Facility, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France ,grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XTranscriptome Facility, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Leste-Lasserre
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XTranscriptome Facility, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Adeline Goron
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Gonzales
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XGenotyping Facility, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - David Perrais
- grid.462202.00000 0004 0382 7329Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Guillemot
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT UK
| | - Djoher Nora Abrous
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Pacary
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France.
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Gustus K, Li L, Newville J, Cunningham LA. Functional and Structural Correlates of Impaired Enrichment-Mediated Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Brain Plast 2020; 6:67-82. [PMID: 33680847 PMCID: PMC7902980 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are associated with a wide range of cognitive deficiencies. Objective: We previously
found that gestational exposure to moderate levels of alcohol in mice throughout the 1st-2nd human trimester-equivalents
for brain development results in profound impairment of the hippocampal neurogenic response to enriched environment
(EE) in adulthood, without altering baseline neurogenesis rate under standard housing (SH). However, the functional and
structural consequences of impaired EE-mediated neurogenesis in the context of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have
not been determined. Results: Here, we demonstrate that PAE-EE mice display impaired performance on a neurogenesis-dependent
pattern discrimination task, broadened behavioral activation of the dentate gyrus, as assessed by expression of the immediate
early gene, c-Fos, and impaired dendritic branching of adult-generated dentate granule cells (aDGCs). Conclusions: These studies further underscore the impact of moderate gestational alcohol exposure on adult hippocampal plasticity and support adult hippocampal neurogenesis as a potential therapeutic target to remediate certain neurological outcomes in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymberly Gustus
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jessie Newville
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lee Anna Cunningham
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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43
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Shani-Narkiss H, Vinograd A, Landau ID, Tasaka G, Yayon N, Terletsky S, Groysman M, Maor I, Sompolinsky H, Mizrahi A. Young adult-born neurons improve odor coding by mitral cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5867. [PMID: 33203831 PMCID: PMC7673122 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons are continuously generated in the adult brain through a process called adult neurogenesis. This form of plasticity has been correlated with numerous behavioral and cognitive phenomena, but it remains unclear if and how adult-born neurons (abNs) contribute to mature neural circuits. We established a highly specific and efficient experimental system to target abNs for causal manipulations. Using this system with chemogenetics and imaging, we found that abNs effectively sharpen mitral cells (MCs) tuning and improve their power to discriminate among odors. The effects on MCs responses peaked when abNs were young and decreased as they matured. To explain the mechanism of our observations, we simulated the olfactory bulb circuit by modelling the incorporation of abNs into the circuit. We show that higher excitability and broad input connectivity, two well-characterized features of young neurons, underlie their unique ability to boost circuit computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shani-Narkiss
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Vinograd
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I D Landau
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Tasaka
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N Yayon
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Terletsky
- Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Groysman
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Maor
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Sompolinsky
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Mizrahi
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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44
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Disouky A, Lazarov O. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 177:137-156. [PMID: 33453939 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus of the adult brain throughout life. They incorporate in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus and integrate in the hippocampal circuitry. Increasing evidence suggests that new neurons play a role in learning and memory. In turn, a large body of evidence suggests that neurogenesis is impaired in Alzheimer's disease, contributing to memory deficits characterizing the disease. We outline here current knowledge about the biology of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its function in learning and memory. In addition, we discuss evidence that neurogenesis is dysfunctional in Alzheimer's disease, address the controversy in the literature concerning the persistence of hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult and aging human brain, and evaluate the therapeutic potential of neurogenesis-based drug development for the treatment of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Disouky
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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45
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Van den Bergh O, Brosschot J, Critchley H, Thayer JF, Ottaviani C. Better Safe Than Sorry: A Common Signature of General Vulnerability for Psychopathology. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:225-246. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691620950690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several labels, such as neuroticism, negative emotionality, and dispositional negativity, indicate a broad dimension of psychopathology. However, largely separate, often disorder-specific research lines have developed that focus on different cognitive and affective characteristics that are associated with this dimension, such as perseverative cognition (worry, rumination), reduced autobiographical memory specificity, compromised fear learning, and enhanced somatic-symptom reporting. In this article, we present a theoretical perspective within a predictive-processing framework in which we trace these phenotypically different characteristics back to a common underlying “better-safe-than-sorry” processing strategy. This implies information processing that tends to be low in sensory-perceptual detail, which allows threat-related categorical priors to dominate conscious experience and for chronic uncertainty/surprise because of a stagnated error-reduction process. This common information-processing strategy has beneficial effects in the short term but important costs in the long term. From this perspective, we suggest that the phenomenally distinct cognitive and affective psychopathological characteristics mentioned above represent the same basic processing heuristic of the brain and are only different in relation to the particular type of information involved (e.g., in working memory, in autobiographical memory, in the external and internal world). Clinical implications of this view are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jos Brosschot
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Julian F. Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
- Laboratorio di Neuroimmagini Funzionali, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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46
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Jurkowski MP, Bettio L, K. Woo E, Patten A, Yau SY, Gil-Mohapel J. Beyond the Hippocampus and the SVZ: Adult Neurogenesis Throughout the Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:576444. [PMID: 33132848 PMCID: PMC7550688 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.576444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Convincing evidence has repeatedly shown that new neurons are produced in the mammalian brain into adulthood. Adult neurogenesis has been best described in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), in which a series of distinct stages of neuronal development has been well characterized. However, more recently, new neurons have also been found in other brain regions of the adult mammalian brain, including the hypothalamus, striatum, substantia nigra, cortex, and amygdala. While some studies have suggested that these new neurons originate from endogenous stem cell pools located within these brain regions, others have shown the migration of neurons from the SVZ to these regions. Notably, it has been shown that the generation of new neurons in these brain regions is impacted by neurologic processes such as stroke/ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, numerous factors such as neurotrophic support, pharmacologic interventions, environmental exposures, and stem cell therapy can modulate this endogenous process. While the presence and significance of adult neurogenesis in the human brain (and particularly outside of the classical neurogenic regions) is still an area of debate, this intrinsic neurogenic potential and its possible regulation through therapeutic measures present an exciting alternative for the treatment of several neurologic conditions. This review summarizes evidence in support of the classic and novel neurogenic zones present within the mammalian brain and discusses the functional significance of these new neurons as well as the factors that regulate their production. Finally, it also discusses the potential clinical applications of promoting neurogenesis outside of the classical neurogenic niches, particularly in the hypothalamus, cortex, striatum, substantia nigra, and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal P. Jurkowski
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luis Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Emma K. Woo
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Patten
- Centre for Interprofessional Clinical Simulation Learning (CICSL), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Dohm-Hansen S, Johansson M. Mnemonic discrimination of object and context is differentially associated with mental health. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 173:107268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Montaron M, Charrier V, Blin N, Garcia P, Abrous DN. Responsiveness of dentate neurons generated throughout adult life is associated with resilience to cognitive aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13161. [PMID: 32599664 PMCID: PMC7431828 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, some individuals are resilient to the decline of cognitive functions whereas others are vulnerable. These inter-individual differences in memory abilities have been associated with differences in the rate of hippocampal neurogenesis measured in elderlies. Whether the maintenance of the functionality of neurons generated throughout adult life is linked to resilience to cognitive aging remains completely unexplored. Using the immediate early gene Zif268, we analyzed the activation of dentate granule neurons born in adult (3-month-old), middle-aged (12-month-old), or senescent (18-month-old) rats (n = 96) in response to learning when animals reached 21 months of age. The activation of neurons born during the developmental period was also examined. We show that adult-born neurons can survive up to 19 months and that neurons generated 4, 10, or 19 months before learning, but not developmentally born neurons, are activated in senescent rats with good learning abilities. In contrast, aged rats with bad learning abilities do not exhibit activity-dependent regulation of newborn cells, whatever their birthdate. In conclusion, we propose that resilience to cognitive aging is associated with responsiveness of neurons born during adult life. These data add to our current knowledge by showing that the aging of memory abilities stems not only from the number but also from the responsiveness of adult-born neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐Françoise Montaron
- INSERM UMR 1215, Magendie Neurocenter Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology Group Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Vanessa Charrier
- INSERM UMR 1215, Magendie Neurocenter Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology Group Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Nicolas Blin
- INSERM UMR 1215, Magendie Neurocenter Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology Group Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Pierre Garcia
- INSERM UMR 1215, Magendie Neurocenter Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology Group Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Djoher Nora Abrous
- INSERM UMR 1215, Magendie Neurocenter Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology Group Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
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Liu WC, Wu CW, Hung PL, Chan JYH, Tain YL, Fu MH, Chen LW, Liang CK, Hung CY, Yu HR, Chen IC, Wu KL. Environmental Stimulation Counteracts the Suppressive Effects of Maternal High-Fructose Diet on Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation in the Dentate Gyrus of Adult Female Offspring via Histone Deacetylase 4. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113919. [PMID: 32492926 PMCID: PMC7312637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal high-fructose diets (HFD) impair the learning and memory capacity of adult female offspring via histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Hippocampal adult neurogenesis is important for supporting the function of existing neural circuits. In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal HFD on hippocampal neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation in adult offspring. Increased nuclear HDAC4 enzyme activity was detected in the hippocampus of HFD female offspring. The Western blot analyses indicated that the expressions of sex-determining region Y box2 (SOX2) and the transcription factor Paired Box 6 (PAX6), which are critical for the progression of NSC proliferation and differentiation, were downregulated. Concurrently, the expression of Ki67 (a cellular marker for proliferation) and doublecortin (DCX), which are related to NSC division and neuronal differentiation, was suppressed. Intracerebroventricular infusion with class II HDAC inhibitor (Mc1568, 4 weeks) led to the upregulation of these proteins. Environmental stimulation reversed the expression of Ki67 and DCX and the counts of Ki67- and DCX-positive cells in the hippocampi of HFD offspring as a result of providing the enriched housing for 4 weeks. Together, these results demonstrate that the suppressive effects of maternal HFD on hippocampal NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation are reversibly mediated through HDAC4 and can be effectively reversed by environmental stimulation. The advantageous effects of environmental enrichment were possibly mediated by HDAC4 suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (L.-W.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Lien Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-L.H.); (H.-R.Y.)
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-L.H.); (H.-R.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Lee-Wei Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (L.-W.C.)
| | - Chih-Kuang Liang
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology and Division of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (P.-L.H.); (H.-R.Y.)
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - Kay L.H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.Y.H.C.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-Y.H.); (I.-C.C.)
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan 700, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Gómez-Correa G, Zepeda A. Chronic Bumetanide Infusion Alters Young Neuron Morphology in the Dentate Gyrus Without Affecting Contextual Fear Memory. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:514. [PMID: 32508587 PMCID: PMC7253663 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Young neurons in the adult brain are key to some types of learning and memory. They integrate in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus contributing to such cognitive processes following timely developmental events. While experimentally impairing GABAergic transmission through the blockade or elimination of the ionic cotransporter NKCC1 leads to alterations in the proper maturation of young neurons, it is still unknown if the in vivo administration of common use diuretic drugs that block the cotransporter, alters the development of young hippocampal neurons and affects DG-related functions. In this study, we delivered chronically and intracerebroventricularly the NKCC1 blocker bumetanide to young-adult rats. We analyzed doublecortin density and development parameters (apical dendrite length and angle and dendritic arbor length) in doublecortin positive neurons from different subregions in the DG and evaluated the performance of animals in contextual fear learning and memory. Our results show that in bumetanide-treated subjects, doublecortin density is diminished in the infra and suprapyramidal blades of the DG; the length of primary dendrites is shortened in the infrapyramidal blade and; the growth angle of primary dendrites in the infrapyramidal blade is different from control animals. Behaviorally, treated animals showed the typical learning curve in a contextual fear task, and freezing-time displayed during contextual fear memory was not different from controls. Thus, in vivo icv delivery of bumetanide negatively alters DCX density associated to young neurons and its proper development but not to the extent of affecting a DG dependent task as aversive context learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibrán Gómez-Correa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angelica Zepeda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Angelica Zepeda,
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