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Murata EM, Pritschet L, Grotzinger H, Taylor CM, Jacobs EG. Circadian Rhythms Tied to Changes in Brain Morphology in a Densely Sampled Male. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0573242024. [PMID: 39147588 PMCID: PMC11411591 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0573-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian, infradian, and seasonal changes in steroid hormone secretion have been tied to changes in brain volume in several mammalian species. However, the relationship between circadian changes in steroid hormone production and rhythmic changes in brain morphology in humans is largely unknown. Here, we examined the relationship between diurnal fluctuations in steroid hormones and multiscale brain morphology in a precision imaging study of a male who completed 40 MRI and serological assessments at 7 A.M. and 8 P.M. over the course of a month, targeting hormone concentrations at their peak and nadir. Diurnal fluctuations in steroid hormones were tied to pronounced changes in global and regional brain morphology. From morning to evening, total brain volume, gray matter volume, and cortical thickness decreased, coincident with decreases in steroid hormone concentrations (testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol). In parallel, cerebrospinal fluid and ventricle size increased from A.M. to P.M. Global changes were driven by decreases within the occipital and parietal cortices. These findings highlight natural rhythms in brain morphology that keep time with the diurnal ebb and flow of steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle M Murata
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Laura Pritschet
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Hannah Grotzinger
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Caitlin M Taylor
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Emily G Jacobs
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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2
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Murata EM, Pritschet L, Grotzinger H, Taylor CM, Jacobs EG. Circadian rhythms tied to changes in brain morphology in a densely-sampled male. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588906. [PMID: 38645226 PMCID: PMC11030376 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Circadian, infradian, and seasonal changes in steroid hormone secretion have been tied to changes in brain volume in several mammalian species. However, the relationship between circadian changes in steroid hormone production and rhythmic changes in brain morphology in humans is largely unknown. Here, we examined the relationship between diurnal fluctuations in steroid hormones and multiscale brain morphology in a precision imaging study of a male who completed forty MRI and serological assessments at 7 A.M. and 8 P.M. over the course of a month, targeting hormone concentrations at their peak and nadir. Diurnal fluctuations in steroid hormones were tied to pronounced changes in global and regional brain morphology. From morning to evening, total brain volume, gray matter volume, and cortical thickness decreased, coincident with decreases in steroid hormone concentrations (testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol). In parallel, cerebrospinal fluid and ventricle size increased from A.M. to P.M. Global changes were driven by decreases within the occipital and parietal cortices. These findings highlight natural rhythms in brain morphology that keep time with the diurnal ebb and flow of steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle M. Murata
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Laura Pritschet
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Hannah Grotzinger
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Caitlin M. Taylor
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Emily G. Jacobs
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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3
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Palamarchuk IS, Slavich GM, Vaillancourt T, Rajji TK. Stress-related cellular pathophysiology as a crosstalk risk factor for neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:65. [PMID: 38087196 PMCID: PMC10714507 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we examine biological processes linking psychological stress and cognition, with a focus on how psychological stress can activate multiple neurobiological mechanisms that drive cognitive decline and behavioral change. First, we describe the general neurobiology of the stress response to define neurocognitive stress reactivity. Second, we review aspects of epigenetic regulation, synaptic transmission, sex hormones, photoperiodic plasticity, and psychoneuroimmunological processes that can contribute to cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric conditions. Third, we explain mechanistic processes linking the stress response and neuropathology. Fourth, we discuss molecular nuances such as an interplay between kinases and proteins, as well as differential role of sex hormones, that can increase vulnerability to cognitive and emotional dysregulation following stress. Finally, we explicate several testable hypotheses for stress, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric research. Together, this work highlights how stress processes alter neurophysiology on multiple levels to increase individuals' risk for neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders, and points toward novel therapeutic targets for mitigating these effects. The resulting models can thus advance dementia and mental health research, and translational neuroscience, with an eye toward clinical application in cognitive and behavioral neurology, and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna S Palamarchuk
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J1H4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Division of Neurology, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Zhang R, Volkow ND. Seasonality of brain function: role in psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:65. [PMID: 36813773 PMCID: PMC9947162 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonality patterns are reported in various psychiatric disorders. The current paper summarizes findings on brain adaptations associated with seasonal changes, factors that contribute to individual differences and their implications for psychiatric disorders. Changes in circadian rhythms are likely to prominently mediate these seasonal effects since light strongly entrains the internal clock modifying brain function. Inability of circadian rhythms to accommodate to seasonal changes might increase the risk for mood and behavior problems as well as worse clinical outcomes in psychiatric disorders. Understanding the mechanisms that account for inter-individual variations in seasonality is relevant to the development of individualized prevention and treatment for psychiatric disorders. Despite promising findings, seasonal effects are still understudied and only controlled as a covariate in most brain research. Rigorous neuroimaging studies with thoughtful experimental designs, powered sample sizes and high temporal resolution alongside deep characterization of the environment are needed to better understand the seasonal adaptions of the human brain as a function of age, sex, and geographic latitude and to investigate the mechanisms underlying the alterations in seasonal adaptation in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1013, USA.
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013 USA
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5
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Di X, Woelfer M, Kühn S, Zhang Z, Biswal BB. Estimations of the weather effects on brain functions using functional MRI: A cautionary note. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3346-3356. [PMID: 35586932 PMCID: PMC9248317 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The influences of environmental factors such as weather on the human brain are still largely unknown. A few neuroimaging studies have demonstrated seasonal effects, but were limited by their cross‐sectional design or sample sizes. Most importantly, the stability of the MRI scanner has not been taken into account, which may also be affected by environments. In the current study, we analyzed longitudinal resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) data from eight individuals, where they were scanned over months to years. We applied machine learning regression to use different resting‐state parameters, including the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity matrix, to predict different weather and environmental parameters. For careful control, the raw EPI and the anatomical images were also used for predictions. We first found that daylight length and air temperatures could be reliably predicted with cross‐validation using the resting‐state parameters. However, similar prediction accuracies could also be achieved by using one frame of EPI image, and even higher accuracies could be achieved by using the segmented or raw anatomical images. Finally, the signals outside of the brain in the anatomical images and signals in phantom scans could also achieve higher prediction accuracies, suggesting that the predictability may be due to the baseline signals of the MRI scanner. After all, we did not identify detectable influences of weather on brain functions other than the influences on the baseline signals of MRI scanners. The results highlight the difficulty of studying long‐term effects using MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Marie Woelfer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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6
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Majrashi NA, Alyami AS, Shubayr NA, Alenezi MM, Waiter GD. Amygdala and subregion volumes are associated with photoperiod and seasonal depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank cohort. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1388-1404. [PMID: 35165958 PMCID: PMC9304295 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although seasonal changes in amygdala volume have been demonstrated in animals, seasonal differences in human amygdala subregion volumes have yet to be investigated. Amygdala volume has also been linked to depressed mood. Therefore, we hypothesised that differences in photoperiod would predict differences in amygdala or subregion volumes and that this association would be linked to depressed mood. 10,033 participants ranging in age from 45 to 79 years were scanned by MRI in a single location. Amygdala subregion volumes were obtained using automated processing and segmentation algorithms. A mediation analysis tested whether amygdala volume mediated the relationship between photoperiod and mood. Photoperiod was positively associated with total amygdala volume (p < .001). Multivariate (GLM) analyses revealed significant effects of photoperiod across all amygdala subregion volumes for both hemispheres (p < .001). Post hoc univariate regression analyses revealed significant associations of photoperiod with each amygdala subregion volume (p < .001). PLS showed the highest loadings of amygdala subregions in lateral nucleus, ABN, basal nucleus, CAT, PLN, AAA, central nucleus, cortical nucleus and medial nucleus for left hemisphere and ABN, lateral nucleus, CAT, PLN, cortical nucleus, AAA, central nucleus and medial nucleus for right hemisphere. There were no significant associations between photoperiod and mood nor between mood scores and amygdala volumes, and due to the lack of these associations, the mediation hypothesis was not supported. This study is the first to demonstrate an association between photoperiod and amygdala volume. These findings add to the evidence supporting the role of photoperiod on brain structural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif A Majrashi
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology (DRT) Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ali S Alyami
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology (DRT) Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A Shubayr
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology (DRT) Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshaal M Alenezi
- Radiology Department, King Khalid Hospital in Hail, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gordon D Waiter
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Book GA, Meda SA, Janssen R, Dager AD, Poppe A, Stevens MC, Assaf M, Glahn D, Pearlson GD. Effects of weather and season on human brain volume. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0236303. [PMID: 33760826 PMCID: PMC7990212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an exploratory cross-sectional analysis of the effect of season and weather on Freesurfer-derived brain volumes from a sample of 3,279 healthy individuals collected on two MRI scanners in Hartford, CT, USA over a 15 year period. Weather and seasonal effects were analyzed using a single linear regression model with age, sex, motion, scan sequence, time-of-day, month of the year, and the deviation from average barometric pressure, air temperature, and humidity, as covariates. FDR correction for multiple comparisons was applied to groups of non-overlapping ROIs. Significant negative relationships were found between the left- and right- cerebellum cortex and pressure (t = -2.25, p = 0.049; t = -2.771, p = 0.017). Significant positive relationships were found between left- and right- cerebellum cortex and white matter between the comparisons of January/June and January/September. Significant negative relationships were found between several subcortical ROIs for the summer months compared to January. An opposing effect was observed between the supra- and infra-tentorium, with opposite effect directions in winter and summer. Cohen’s d effect sizes from monthly comparisons were similar to those reported in recent psychiatric big-data publications, raising the possibility that seasonal changes and weather may be confounds in large cohort studies. Additionally, changes in brain volume due to natural environmental variation have not been reported before and may have implications for weather-related and seasonal ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Book
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shashwath A. Meda
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States of America
| | - Ronald Janssen
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States of America
| | - Alecia D. Dager
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States of America
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Andrew Poppe
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Stevens
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States of America
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Michal Assaf
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States of America
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - David Glahn
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, United States of America
- Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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8
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Majrashi NA, Ahearn TS, Williams JHG, Waiter GD. Sex differences in the association of photoperiod with hippocampal subfield volumes in older adults: A cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank cohort. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01593. [PMID: 32343485 PMCID: PMC7303396 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Even though seasonal and sex-dependent changes in hippocampal and subfield volumes are well known in animals, little is known about changes in humans. We hypothesized that changes in photoperiod would predict changes in hippocampal subfield volumes and that this association would be different between females and males. METHODS A total of 10,033 participants ranging in age from 45 to 79 years were scanned by MRI in a single location as part of the UK Biobank project. Hippocampal subfield volumes were obtained using automated processing and segmentation algorithms using the developmental version of the FreeSurfer v 6.0. Photoperiod was defined as the number of hours between sunrise and sunset on the day of scan. RESULTS Photoperiod correlated positively with total hippocampal volume and all subfield volumes across participants as well as in each sex individually, with females showing greater seasonal variation in a majority of left subfield volumes compared with males. ANCOVAs revealed significant differences in rate of change in only left subiculum, CA-4, and GC-ML-DG between females and males. PLS showed highest loadings of hippocampal subfields in both females and males in GC-ML-DG, CA1, CA4, subiculum, and CA3 for left hemisphere and CA1, GC-ML-DG, CA4; subiculum and CA3 for right hemisphere in females; GC-ML-DG, CA1, subiculum, CA4 and CA3 for left hemisphere; CA1, GC-ML-DG, subiculum, CA4 and CA3 for right hemisphere in males. CONCLUSION The influence of day length on hippocampal volume has implications for modeling age-related decline in memory in older adults, and sex differences suggest an important role for hormones in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif A. Majrashi
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging CentreUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Diagnostic Radiology DepartmentCollege of Applied Medical SciencesJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Trevor S. Ahearn
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging CentreUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Justin H. G. Williams
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging CentreUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Gordon D. Waiter
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging CentreUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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Majrashi NA, Ahearn TS, Waiter GD. Brainstem volume mediates seasonal variation in depressive symptoms: A cross sectional study in the UK Biobank cohort. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3592. [PMID: 32108162 PMCID: PMC7046735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal differences in mood and depressive symptoms affect a large percentage of the general population, with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) representing the most common presentation. SAD affects up to 3% of the world’s population, and it tends to be more predominant in females than males. The brainstem has been shown to be affected by photoperiodic changes, and that longer photoperiods are associated with higher neuronal density and decreased depressive-like behaviours. We predict that longer photoperiod days are associated with larger brainstem volumes and lower depressive scores, and that brainstem volume mediates the seasonality of depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 9289, 51.8% females and 48.1% males) ranging in age from 44 to 79 years were scanned by MRI at a single location. Photoperiod was found to be negatively correlated with low mood and anhedonia in females while photoperiod was found to be positively correlated with brainstem volumes. In females, whole brainstem, pons and medulla volumes individually mediated the relationship between photoperiod and both anhedonia and low mood, while midbrain volume mediated the relationship between photoperiod and anhedonia. No mediation effects were seen in males. Our study extends the understanding of the neurobiological factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of seasonal mood variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif A Majrashi
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Trevor S Ahearn
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Medical Physics, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gordon D Waiter
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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10
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Raitiere MN. Does photoperiodism involve a seasonal and non-pathological Warburg effect? Med Hypotheses 2020; 135:109447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Yoshiike T, Honma M, Ikeda H, Kuriyama K. Bright light exposure advances consolidation of motor skill accuracy in humans. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 166:107084. [PMID: 31491556 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Light has attracted increasing attention as a critical determinant of memory processing. While sleep selectively consolidates newly encoded memories according to their future relevance, the role of light in human memory consolidation is largely unknown. Here, we report how bright light (BL), provided during encoding, influences online and offline consolidation of motor skill learning. We sought to determine whether relatively slower and faster key-press transitions within individuals were differentially consolidated by BL. Healthy human subjects were briefly exposed to either BL (>8000 lx) or control light (CL; <500 lx) during memory encoding at 13:00 h, when light minimally affects circadian phase-shifting, and were retested 24 h later. The effects of BL on online and offline performance gains were determined by accuracy and speed. BL-exposed subjects showed better overall performance accuracy during training and lower overnight accuracy gains after a subsequent night of sleep than did CL-exposed subjects. BL preferentially improved the initially most difficult individual key-press transitions during practice; these were only improved overnight under CL. By contrast, accuracy during what had been the easiest key-press transitions at the beginning of the experiment was unaffected by light conditions or online/offline learning processes. BL effects were not observed for performance speed, mood, or sleep-wake patterns. Brief BL exposure during training may advance motor memory selection and consolidation that optimally meet individual requirements for potential gains, which would otherwise depend on post-training sleep. This suggests a new way of enhancing brain plasticity to compensate for impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation in neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshiike
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeda
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8585, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kuriyama
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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12
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24-Hour Profile of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Excretion of Electrolytes, and Locomotor Activity in Wistar-Kyoto and SHR Rats Under Conditions of Free-Run Rhythm. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:192-196. [PMID: 30488219 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We presented the results of our study of chronostructure of BP, HR, electrolyte excretion, and locomotor activity under conditions of "free-run rhythm" (light deprivation). In adult male Wistar-Kyoto (normotensive) and SHR (spontaneously hypertensive) rats, BP, biopotentials of the heart (ECG), and locomotor activity were recorded over 24 h by telemetric monitoring and the rate of excretion of electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) during the nighttime and daytime hours was measured. It was found that under free-run rhythm, 24-h profiles of BP, HR, excretory function of the kidneys, and locomotor activity underwent more considerable changes in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats in comparison with hypertensive SHR rats. However, hypertensive rats demonstrated pronounced changes in rhythmic characteristics of HR, which can restrict adaptation reserves of the cardiovascular system.
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13
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Yoshiike T, Honma M, Yamada N, Kim Y, Kuriyama K. Effects of bright light exposure on human fear conditioning, extinction, and associated prefrontal activation. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:268-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Thomas C, Sadeghi N, Nayak A, Trefler A, Sarlls J, Baker CI, Pierpaoli C. Impact of time-of-day on diffusivity measures of brain tissue derived from diffusion tensor imaging. Neuroimage 2018; 173:25-34. [PMID: 29458189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diurnal fluctuations in MRI measures of structural and functional properties of the brain have been reported recently. These fluctuations may have a physiological origin, since they have been detected using different MRI modalities, and cannot be explained by factors that are typically known to confound MRI measures. While preliminary evidence suggests that measures of structural properties of the brain based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fluctuate as a function of time-of-day (TOD), the underlying mechanism has not been investigated. Here, we used a longitudinal within-subjects design to investigate the impact of time-of-day on DTI measures. In addition to using the conventional monoexponential tensor model to assess TOD-related fluctuations, we used a dual compartment tensor model that allowed us to directly assess if any change in DTI measures is due to an increase in CSF/free-water volume fraction or due to an increase in water diffusivity within the parenchyma. Our results show that Trace or mean diffusivity, as measured using the conventional monoexponential tensor model tends to increase systematically from morning to afternoon scans at the interface of grey matter/CSF, most prominently in the major fissures and the sulci of the brain. Interestingly, in a recent study of the glymphatic system, these same regions were found to show late enhancement after intrathecal injection of a CSF contrast agent. The increase in Trace also impacts DTI measures of diffusivity such as radial and axial diffusivity, but does not affect fractional anisotropy. The dual compartment analysis revealed that the increase in diffusivity measures from PM to AM was driven by an increase in the volume fraction of CSF-like free-water. Taken together, our findings provide important insight into the likely physiological origins of diurnal fluctuations in MRI measurements of structural properties of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibu Thomas
- Section on Learning and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, United States.
| | - Neda Sadeghi
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, United States
| | - Amrita Nayak
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, United States; The Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., United States
| | - Aaron Trefler
- Section on Learning and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
| | - Joelle Sarlls
- NIH MRI Research Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, United States
| | - Chris I Baker
- Section on Learning and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
| | - Carlo Pierpaoli
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, United States
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Trefler A, Sadeghi N, Thomas AG, Pierpaoli C, Baker CI, Thomas C. Impact of time-of-day on brain morphometric measures derived from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2016; 133:41-52. [PMID: 26921714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Measures of brain morphometry derived from T1-weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used to elucidate the relation between brain structure and function. However, the computation of T1W morphometric measures can be confounded by subject-related factors such as head motion and level of hydration. A recent study reported subtle yet significant changes in brain volume from morning to evening in a large group of patient populations as well as in healthy elderly individuals. In addition, there is a growing recognition that factors such as circadian rhythm can impact MRI measures of brain function and structure. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of time-of-day (TOD) on widely used measures of brain morphometry in a group of 19 healthy young adults. Our results show that (a) even in a small group of healthy adult volunteers, a highly significant reduction in apparent brain volume, from morning to evening, could be detected; (b) the apparent volume of all three major tissue compartments - gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid - were influenced by TOD, and the magnitude of the TOD effect varied across the tissue compartments; (c) measures of cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and gray matter density computed with widely used neuroimaging software suites (i.e., FreeSurfer, FSL-VBM) were all affected by TOD, while other measures, such as curvature indices and sulcal depth, were not; and (d) the effect of TOD appeared to have a greater impact on morphometric measures of the frontal and temporal lobe than on other major lobes of the brain. Our results suggest that the TOD effect is a physiological phenomenon and that controlling for the effect of TOD is crucial for proper interpretation of apparent structural differences measured with T1W morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Trefler
- Section on Learning and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
| | - Neda Sadeghi
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States
| | - Adam G Thomas
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
| | - Carlo Pierpaoli
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States
| | - Chris I Baker
- Section on Learning and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
| | - Cibu Thomas
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, United States.
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