1
|
Higa GSV, Viana FJC, Francis-Oliveira J, Cruvinel E, Franchin TS, Marcourakis T, Ulrich H, De Pasquale R. Serotonergic neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110036. [PMID: 38876308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity constitutes a fundamental process in the reorganization of neural networks that underlie memory, cognition, emotional responses, and behavioral planning. At the core of this phenomenon lie Hebbian mechanisms, wherein frequent synaptic stimulation induces long-term potentiation (LTP), while less activation leads to long-term depression (LTD). The synaptic reorganization of neuronal networks is regulated by serotonin (5-HT), a neuromodulator capable of modify synaptic plasticity to appropriately respond to mental and behavioral states, such as alertness, attention, concentration, motivation, and mood. Lately, understanding the serotonergic Neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity has become imperative for unraveling its impact on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions. Through a comparative analysis across three main forebrain structures-the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, this review discusses the actions of 5-HT on synaptic plasticity, offering insights into its role as a neuromodulator involved in emotional and cognitive functions. By distinguishing between plastic and metaplastic effects, we provide a comprehensive overview about the mechanisms of 5-HT neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity and associated functions across different brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (USP), Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe José Costa Viana
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José Francis-Oliveira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Emily Cruvinel
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thainá Soares Franchin
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (USP), Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto De Pasquale
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hales JB, Olivas L, Abouchedid D, Blaser RE. Contribution of the medial entorhinal cortex to performance on the Traveling Salesperson Problem in rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 463:114883. [PMID: 38281708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In order to successfully navigate through space, animals must rely on multiple cognitive processes, including orientation in space, memory of object locations, and navigational decisions based on that information. Although highly-controlled behavioral tasks are valuable for isolating and targeting specific processes, they risk producing a narrow understanding of complex behavior in natural contexts. The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) is an optimization problem that can be used to study naturalistic foraging behaviors, in which subjects select routes between multiple baited targets. Foraging is a spontaneous, yet complex, behavior, involving decision-making, attention, course planning, and memory. Previous research found that hippocampal lesions in rats impaired TSP task performance, particularly on measures of spatial memory. Although traditional laboratory tests have shown the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) to play an important role in spatial memory, if and how the MEC is involved in finding efficient solutions to the TSP remains unknown. In the current study, rats were trained on the TSP, learning to retrieve bait from targets in a variety of spatial configurations. After recovering from either an MEC lesion or control sham surgery, the rats were tested on eight new configurations. Our results showed that, similar to rats with hippocampal lesions, MEC-lesioned rats were impaired on measures of spatial memory, but not spatial decision-making, with greatest impairments on configurations requiring a global navigational strategy for selecting the optimal route. These findings suggest that the MEC is important for effective spatial navigation, especially when global cue processing is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jena B Hales
- University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.
| | - Larissa Olivas
- University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | | | - Rachel E Blaser
- University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anderson LG, Vogiatzoglou E, Tang S, Luiz S, Duque T, Ghaly JP, Schwartzer JJ, Hales JB, Sabariego M. Memory deficits and hippocampal cytokine expression in a rat model of ADHD. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 35:100700. [PMID: 38107021 PMCID: PMC10724493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex behavioral disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, and deficits in working memory and time perception. While animal models have advanced our neurobiological understanding of this condition, there are limited and inconsistent data on working and elapsed time memory function. Inflammatory signaling has been identified as a key factor in memory and cognitive impairments, but its role in ADHD remains unclear. Additionally, the disproportionate investigation of male subjects in ADHD research has contributed to a poor understanding of the disorder in females. This study sought to investigate the potential connections between memory, neuroimmunology, and ADHD in both male and female animals. Specifically, we utilized the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), one of the most extensively studied animal models of ADHD. Compared to their control, the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat, male SHR are reported to exhibit several behavioral phenotypes associated with ADHD, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, and poor sustained attention, along with impairments in learning and memory. As the hippocampus is a key brain region for learning and memory, we examined the behavior of male and female SHR and WKY rats in two hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. Our findings revealed that SHR have delay-dependent working memory deficits that were similar to, albeit less severe than, those seen in hippocampal-lesioned rats. We also observed impairments in elapsed time processing in female SHR, particularly in the discrimination of longer time durations. To investigate the impact of inflammatory signaling on memory in these rats, we analyzed the levels of several cytokines in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of SHR and WKY. Although we found some sex and genotype differences, concentrations were generally similar between groups. Taken together, our results indicate that SHR exhibit deficits in spatial working memory and memory for elapsed time, as well as some differences in hippocampal cytokine concentrations. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the neurobiological basis of ADHD in both sexes and may inform future research aimed at developing effective treatments for the disorder. Nonetheless, the potential mediating role of neuroinflammation in the memory symptomatology of SHR requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy G. Anderson
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | | | - Shi Tang
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Sarah Luiz
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Turley Duque
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - James P. Ghaly
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - Jared J. Schwartzer
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Jena B. Hales
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - Marta Sabariego
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Izadifar M, Formuli A, Isham EA, Paolini M. Subjective time perception in musical imagery: An fMRI study on musicians. Psych J 2023; 12:763-773. [PMID: 37586874 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive preparation of an operation without overt motor execution is referred to as imagery (of any kind). Over the last two decades of progress in brain timing studies, the timing of imagery has received little focus. This study compared the time perception of ten professional violinists' actual and imagery performances to see if such an analysis could offer a different model of timing in musicians' imagery skills. When comparing the timing profiles of the musicians between the two situations (actual and imagery), we found a significant correlation in overestimation of time in the imagery. In our fMRI analysis, we found high activation in the left cerebellum. This finding seems consistent with dedicated models of timing such as the cerebellar timing hypothesis, which assigns a "specialized clock" for tasks. In addition, the present findings might provide empirical data concerning imagery, creativity, and time. Maintaining imagery over time is one of the foundations of creativity, and understanding the underlying temporal neuronal mechanism might help us to apprehend the machinery of creativity per se.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Izadifar
- Institute of Human Aesthetics, Faculty of Design, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Art & Bamberg University, Coburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Arusu Formuli
- Institute of Human Aesthetics, Faculty of Design, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Art & Bamberg University, Coburg, Germany
| | - Eve A Isham
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marco Paolini
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Education reduces cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease by changing regional cerebral perfusion: An in-vivo arterial spin labeling study. Neurol Sci 2023:10.1007/s10072-023-06696-x. [PMID: 36843146 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Formal education and other cognitive challenges influence brain structure and improve function. It is believed that cognitive activities create a cognitive reserve (CR) that can slow the decline due to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) associated with high and low CR in different stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and examined whether rCBF alteration mediates the relationship between education and cognitive performance. METHODS Patients with AD or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and healthy controls were divided into low cognitive reserve (LCR) and high cognitive reserve (HCR) subgroups according to median of education years (≤ 9 vs. > 9 years). The final study population included 89 AD patients (67 LCR, 22 HCR), 74 aMCI patients (44 LCR, 30 HCR), and 66 healthy controls (29 LCR, 37 HCR). All subjects were examined by arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging and a neurocognitive test battery. rCBF was compared among groups by two-way analysis of variance. Mediation analyses were used to explore the relationships among education, rCBF, and cognitive test scores. RESULTS There were significant interaction effects of disease state (AD, aMCI, HC) and education level (LCR, HCR) on CBF in right hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, and right inferior parietal cortex (R_IPC). Education regulated episodic memory score by influencing right hippocampal CBF in HC_HCR and aMCI_HCR subgroups. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the protective effect of education against cognitive dysfunction in early-stage AD is mediated at least partially by altered CBF in right hippocampus.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hines M, Poulter S, Douchamps V, Pibiri F, McGregor A, Lever C. Frequency matters: how changes in hippocampal theta frequency can influence temporal coding, anxiety-reduction, and memory. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 16:998116. [PMID: 36817946 PMCID: PMC9936826 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.998116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal theta frequency is a somewhat neglected topic relative to theta power, phase, coherence, and cross-frequency coupling. Accordingly, here we review and present new data on variation in hippocampal theta frequency, focusing on functional associations (temporal coding, anxiety reduction, learning, and memory). Taking the rodent hippocampal theta frequency to running-speed relationship as a model, we identify two doubly-dissociable frequency components: (a) the slope component of the theta frequency-to-stimulus-rate relationship ("theta slope"); and (b) its y-intercept frequency ("theta intercept"). We identify three tonic determinants of hippocampal theta frequency. (1) Hotter temperatures increase theta frequency, potentially consistent with time intervals being judged as shorter when hot. Initial evidence suggests this occurs via the "theta slope" component. (2) Anxiolytic drugs with widely-different post-synaptic and pre-synaptic primary targets share the effect of reducing the "theta intercept" component, supporting notions of a final common pathway in anxiety reduction involving the hippocampus. (3) Novelty reliably decreases, and familiarity increases, theta frequency, acting upon the "theta slope" component. The reliability of this latter finding, and the special status of novelty for learning, prompts us to propose a Novelty Elicits Slowing of Theta frequency (NEST) hypothesis, involving the following elements: (1) Theta frequency slowing in the hippocampal formation is a generalised response to novelty of different types and modalities; (2) Novelty-elicited theta slowing is a hippocampal-formation-wide adaptive response functioning to accommodate the additional need for learning entailed by novelty; (3) Lengthening the theta cycle enhances associativity; (4) Even part-cycle lengthening may boost associativity; and (5) Artificial theta stimulation aimed at enhancing learning should employ low-end theta frequencies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sherman BE, DuBrow S, Winawer J, Davachi L. Mnemonic Content and Hippocampal Patterns Shape Judgments of Time. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:221-237. [PMID: 36442582 PMCID: PMC10068509 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221129533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our experience of time can feel dilated or compressed, rather than reflecting true "clock time." Although many contextual factors influence the subjective perception of time, it is unclear how memory accessibility plays a role in constructing our experience of and memory for time. Here, we used a combination of behavioral and functional MRI measures in healthy young adults (N = 147) to ask the question of how memory is incorporated into temporal duration judgments. Behaviorally, we found that event boundaries, which have been shown to disrupt ongoing memory integration processes, result in the temporal compression of duration judgments. Additionally, using a multivoxel pattern similarity analysis of functional MRI data, we found that greater temporal pattern change in the left hippocampus within individual trials was associated with longer duration judgments. Together, these data suggest that mnemonic processes play a role in constructing representations of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Winawer
- Department of Psychology and Center for
Neural Science, New York University
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia
University
- Department of Clinical Research, Nathan
Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsao A, Yousefzadeh SA, Meck WH, Moser MB, Moser EI. The neural bases for timing of durations. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:646-665. [PMID: 36097049 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Durations are defined by a beginning and an end, and a major distinction is drawn between durations that start in the present and end in the future ('prospective timing') and durations that start in the past and end either in the past or the present ('retrospective timing'). Different psychological processes are thought to be engaged in each of these cases. The former is thought to engage a clock-like mechanism that accurately tracks the continuing passage of time, whereas the latter is thought to engage a reconstructive process that utilizes both temporal and non-temporal information from the memory of past events. We propose that, from a biological perspective, these two forms of duration 'estimation' are supported by computational processes that are both reliant on population state dynamics but are nevertheless distinct. Prospective timing is effectively carried out in a single step where the ongoing dynamics of population activity directly serve as the computation of duration, whereas retrospective timing is carried out in two steps: the initial generation of population state dynamics through the process of event segmentation and the subsequent computation of duration utilizing the memory of those dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Tsao
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - Warren H Meck
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - May-Britt Moser
- Centre for Neural Computation, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Edvard I Moser
- Centre for Neural Computation, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang L, Xiao D, Sun H, Qu Y, Su X. Behavioral tests for evaluating the characteristics of brain diseases in rodent models: Optimal choices for improved outcomes (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:183. [PMID: 35348193 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral assessment is the dominant approach for evaluating whether animal models of brain diseases can successfully mimic the clinical characteristics of diseases. At present, most research regarding brain diseases involves the use of rodent models. While studies have reported numerous methods of behavioral assessments in rodent models of brain diseases, each with different principles, procedures, and assessment criteria, only few reviews have focused on characterizing and differentiating these methods based on applications for which they are most appropriate. Therefore, in the present review, the representative behavioral tests in rodent models of brain diseases were compared and differentiated, aiming to provide convenience for researchers in selecting the optimal methods for their studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dias M, Ferreira R, Remondes M. Medial Entorhinal Cortex Excitatory Neurons Are Necessary for Accurate Timing. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9932-9943. [PMID: 34670849 PMCID: PMC8638688 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0750-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal region has long been considered critical for memory of time, and recent evidence shows that network operations and single-unit activity in the hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) correlate with elapsed time. However, whether MEC activity is necessary for timing remains largely unknown. Here we expressed DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) under the CaMKIIa promoter to preferentially target MEC excitatory neurons for chemogenetic silencing, while freely moving male rats reproduced a memorized time interval by waiting inside a region of interest. We found that such silencing impaired the reproduction of the memorized interval and led to an overestimation of elapsed time. Trial history analyses under this condition revealed a reduced influence of previous trials on current waiting times, suggesting an impairment in maintaining temporal memories across trials. Moreover, using GLM (logistic regression), we show that decoding behavioral performance from preceding waiting times was significantly compromised when MEC was silenced. In addition to revealing an important role of MEC excitatory neurons for timing behavior, our results raise the possibility that these neurons contribute to such behavior by holding temporal information across trials.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures are implicated in processing temporal information. However, little is known about the role MTL structures, such as the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex, play in perceiving or reproducing temporal intervals. By chemogenetically silencing medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) excitatory activity during a timing task, we show that this structure is necessary for the accurate reproduction of temporal intervals. Furthermore, trial history analyses suggest that silencing MEC disrupts memory mechanisms during timing. Together, these results suggest that MEC is necessary for timing behavior, possibly by representing the target interval in memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Dias
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Remondes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ross TW, Easton A. The Hippocampal Horizon: Constructing and Segmenting Experience for Episodic Memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:181-196. [PMID: 34826509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
How do we recollect specific events that have occurred during continuous ongoing experience? There is converging evidence from non-human animals that spatially modulated cellular activity of the hippocampal formation supports the construction of ongoing events. On the other hand, recent human oriented event cognition models have outlined that our experience is segmented into discrete units, and that such segmentation can operate on shorter or longer timescales. Here, we describe a unification of how these dynamic physiological mechanisms of the hippocampus relate to ongoing externally and internally driven event segmentation, facilitating the demarcation of specific moments during experience. Our cross-species interdisciplinary approach offers a novel perspective in the way we construct and remember specific events, leading to the generation of many new hypotheses for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Ross
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, United Kingdom.
| | - A Easton
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jia H, Wu X, Wang E. Aberrant dynamic functional connectivity features within default mode network in patients with autism spectrum disorder: evidence from dynamical conditional correlation. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 16:391-399. [PMID: 35401865 PMCID: PMC8934807 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by aberrant functional connectivity (FC) within/between certain large-scale brain networks. Although relatively lower level of FC between default mode network (DMN) regions (i.e., DMN-FC) has been detected in many previous studies, they failed to capture the temporal dynamic features of DMN-FC and were limited by small sample size. Here, the dynamical conditional correlation, which could assess precise FC at each time point and has been proved to be a technique with high test-retest reliability, was applied to investigate the DMN-FC pattern of patients with ASD from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange, which included functional and structural brain imaging data of more than 1000 participants. The data analysis here showed that compared to typical developing (TD) participants, patients with ASD exhibited significantly lower mean DMN-FC level across recording time, but significantly higher variance of DMN-FC level across recording time. Moreover, these alterations were significantly associated with symptom severity of patients, especially their impaired communication skills and repetitive behaviors. These results support the view that aberrant temporal dynamic of FC within DMN is an important neuropathological feature of ASD and is a potential biomarker for ASD diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-021-09723-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Jia
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
- Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Xiangci Wu
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Enguo Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lehr AB, Stöber TM. Differential involvement of CA2 in internally vs. externally driven hippocampal sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2110671118. [PMID: 34518233 PMCID: PMC8463789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110671118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Lehr
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tristan M Stöber
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticity, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vo A, Tabrizi NS, Hunt T, Cayanan K, Chitale S, Anderson LG, Tenney S, White AO, Sabariego M, Hales JB. Medial entorhinal cortex lesions produce delay-dependent disruptions in memory for elapsed time. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107507. [PMID: 34474155 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Our memory for time is a fundamental ability that we use to judge the duration of events, put our experiences into a temporal context, and decide when to initiate actions. The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), with its direct projections to the hippocampus, has been proposed to be the key source of temporal information for hippocampal time cells. However, the behavioral relevance of such temporal firing patterns remains unclear, as most of the paradigms used for the study of temporal processing and time cells are either spatial tasks or tasks for which MEC function is not required. In this study, we asked whether the MEC is necessary for rats to perform a time duration discrimination task (TDD), in which rats were trained to discriminate between 10-s and 20-s delay intervals. After reaching a 90% performance criterion, the rats were assigned to receive an excitotoxic MEC-lesion or sham-lesion surgery. We found that after recovering from surgery, rats with MEC lesions were impaired on the TDD task in comparison to rats with sham lesions, failing to return to criterion performance. Their impairment, however, was specific to the longer, 20-s delay trials. These results indicate that time processing is dependent on MEC neural computations only for delays that exceed 10 s, perhaps because long-term memory resources are needed to keep track of longer time intervals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Vo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Nina S Tabrizi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Thomas Hunt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Kayla Cayanan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Saee Chitale
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Lucy G Anderson
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Sarah Tenney
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - André O White
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Marta Sabariego
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA.
| | - Jena B Hales
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yan N, Xu Z, Qu C, Zhang J. Dimethyl fumarate improves cognitive deficits in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats by alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis via NRF2/ARE/NF-κB signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107844. [PMID: 34153667 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease and its risk factors cause persistent decrease of cerebral blood flow, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the major foundation of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). The hippocampus is extremely vulnerable to cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation injury are important pathophysiological mechanisms of this process, which is closely related to hippocampal neurons damage and loss. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an FDA-approved therapeutic for multiple sclerosis (MS), plays a protective role in multiple neurological disorders. Studies have shown that DMF exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects via the NRF2/ARE/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of DMF in the CCH rat model. Ferroptosis, a novel defined iron-dependent cell death form, were found to be strongly associated with the pathophysiology of CCH. Emerging evidences have shown that inhibition of ferroptosis by targeting NRF2 exerted neuroprotective effect in neurodegeneration diseases. We also investigated whether DMF can alleviate cognitive deficits through inhibition of ferroptosis by the NRF2 signaling pathway in this study. DMF was intragastric for consecutive five weeks (100 mg/kg/day). Then behavior test and histological, molecular, and biochemical analysis were performed. We found that DMF treatment significantly improved cognitive deficits and partially reversed hippocampus neuronal damage and loss caused by CCH. And DMF treatment decreased hippocampus IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration, and mediated the NF-κB signaling pathway. And DMF also alleviated hippocampus oxidative stress through reducing MDA, and increasing GSH and SOD levels, which are also closely associated with ferroptosis. Besides, DMF treatment reduced the expression of PTGS2, and increased the expression of FTH1 and xCT, and the iron content is also reduced, which were the important features related to ferroptosis. Furthermore, DMF activated the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway and upregulated the expression of HO-1, NQO1 and GPX4. These outcomes indicated that DMF can improve cognitive impairment in rats with CCH, possibly through alleviating neuroinflammation, oxidative stress damage and inhibiting ferroptosis of hippocampal neurons. Overall, our results provide new evidence for the neuroprotective role of DMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Yan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Dementias and Cognitive Impairments, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Dementias and Cognitive Impairments, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Changhua Qu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Dementias and Cognitive Impairments, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - JunJian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Dementias and Cognitive Impairments, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hales JB, Reitz NT, Vincze JL, Ocampo AC, Leutgeb S, Clark RE. A role for medial entorhinal cortex in spatial and nonspatial forms of memory in rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 407:113259. [PMID: 33775779 PMCID: PMC8143915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have focused on the role of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) in spatial memory and spatial processing. However, more recently, studies have suggested that the functions of the MEC may extend beyond the spatial domain and into the temporal aspects of memory processing. The current study examined the effect of MEC lesions on spatial and nonspatial tasks that require rats to learn and remember information about location or stimulus-stimulus associations across short temporal gaps. MEC- and sham-lesioned male rats were tested on a watermaze delayed match to position (DMP) task and trace fear conditioning (TFC). Rats with MEC lesions were impaired at remembering the platform location after both the shortest (1 min) and the longest (6 h) delays on the DMP task, never performing as precisely as sham rats under the easiest condition and performing poorly at the longest delay. On the TFC task, although MEC-lesioned rats were not impaired at remembering the conditioning context, they showed reduced freezing in response to the previously associated tone. These findings suggest that the MEC plays a role in bridging temporal delays during learning and memory that extend beyond its established role in spatial memory processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jena B Hales
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - Nicole T Reitz
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Jonathan L Vincze
- Marian College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA
| | - Amber C Ocampo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Stefan Leutgeb
- Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert E Clark
- Department of Psychiatry 0603, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tenney S, Vogiatzoglou E, Chohan D, Vo A, Hunt T, Cayanan K, Hales JB, Sabariego M. A Time Duration Discrimination Task for the Study of Elapsed Time Processing in Rats. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3965. [PMID: 33855123 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Space and time are both essential features of episodic memory. However, while spatial tasks have been used effectively to study the behavioral relevance of place cells, the behavioral paradigms utilized for the study of time cells have not used time duration as a variable that animals need to be aware of to solve the task. In order to evaluate how time flow is coded into memory, time duration needs to be a variable that animals use to solve the behavioral task. This protocol describes a novel behavioral paradigm, the time duration discrimination (TDD) task, which is designed to directly investigate the neurological mechanisms that underlie temporal processing. During the TDD task, rats navigate around a Figure-8 Maze, which contains a rectangular track with a central arm and a delay box at the end of the central arm. While confined to the delay box, rats experience a 10- or 20-second time delay, during which a tone will play for the duration of the 10- or 20-second delay. When the delay box opens, the rat will choose whether to turn left or right out of the delay box and receive a reward for the correct choice (e.g., 10 seconds = left turn; 20 seconds = right turn). By directly manipulating elapsed time, we can better explore the behavioral relevance of hippocampal time cells and whether the time-dependent activity seen in physiological recordings of hippocampal neurons reflects a neuronal representation of time flow that can be used by the animal for learning and storing memories. Graphic abstract: Elapsed time duration discrimination in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tenney
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USA
| | | | - Deena Chohan
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USA
| | - Annette Vo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Hunt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kayla Cayanan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jena B Hales
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marta Sabariego
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|