1
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Kawabata T. Novel Strategies for Enantio- and Site-Selective Molecular Transformations. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:466-484. [PMID: 37394594 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for symmetric synthesis based on dynamic chirality of enolates (memory of chirality) has been developed. Asymmetric alkylation, conjugate addition, aldol reaction, and arylation via C-N axially chiral enolate intermediates are described. Asymmetric alkylation and conjugate addition via C-O axially chiral enolate intermediates with a half-life of racemization as short as approx. 1 s. at -78 °C have been accomplished. Organocatalysts for asymmetric acylation and site-selective acylation have been developed. Kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols via remote asymmetric induction by the catalyst is shown. Catalyst-controlled site-selective acylation of carbohydrates and its application to total synthesis of natural glycoside are described. Chemo-selective monoacylation of diols and selective acylation of secondary alcohols with reversal of inherent reactivity are also discussed. Geometry-selective acylation of tetrasubstituted alkene diols is achieved, where acylation takes place independent from the steric environments of the substrates.
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2
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Lavinda O, Witt CH, Woerpel KA. Origin of High Diastereoselectivity in Reactions of Seven-Membered-Ring Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114183. [PMID: 35076978 PMCID: PMC8940697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Unlike many reactions of their six-membered-ring counterparts, the reactions of chiral seven-membered-ring enolates are highly diastereoselective. Diastereoselectivity was observed for a range of substrates, including lactam, lactone, and cyclic ketone derivatives. The stereoselectivity arises from torsional and steric interactions that develop when electrophiles approach the diastereotopic π-faces of the enolates, which are distinguished by subtle differences in the orientation of nearby atoms of the ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lavinda
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Collin H Witt
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - K A Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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3
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Lavinda O, Witt CH, Woerpel KA. Origin of High Diastereoselectivity in Reactions of Seven‐Membered‐Ring Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lavinda
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Collin H. Witt
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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4
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Arras J, Ugarte Trejo O, Bhuvanesh N, Stollenz M. Non-conventional hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces that support embedding mesitylgold into a tailored bis(amidine) framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1418-1421. [PMID: 35001099 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A bis(amidine) ligand operates as a molecular lock for two AuMes fragments. The resulting complex retains a flexible double macrocycle with two non-conventional N-H⋯Cipso hydrogen bonds and distinct intramolecular dispersion forces. Instead of unfolding of the double-ring structure through bond rupture in solution, a conformational ring inversion is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Arras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue, MD 1203, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA.
| | - Omar Ugarte Trejo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue, MD 1203, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA.
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
| | - Michael Stollenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue, MD 1203, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA.
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5
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Arras J, Ugarte Trejo O, Bhuvanesh N, McMillen C, Stollenz M. Hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces serving as molecular locks for tailored Group 11 bis(amidine) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A flexible polydentate bis(amidine) ligand LH2 operates as a molecular lock for various coinage metal fragments and forms the dinuclear complexes [LH2(MCl)2], M = Cu (1), Au (2), the coordination...
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6
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Woltornist RA, Collum DB. Ketone Enolization with Sodium Hexamethyldisilazide: Solvent- and Substrate-Dependent E- Z Selectivity and Affiliated Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17452-17464. [PMID: 34643382 PMCID: PMC10042305 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ketone enolization by sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) shows a marked solvent and substrate dependence. Enolization of 2-methyl-3-pentanone reveals E-Z selectivities in Et3N/toluene (20:1), methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE, 10:1), N,N,N',N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA)/toluene (8:1), TMEDA/toluene (4:1), diglyme (1:1), DME (1:22), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (1:90). Control experiments show slow or nonexistent stereochemical equilibration in all solvents except THF. Enolate trapping with Me3SiCl/Et3N requires warming to -40 °C whereas Me3SiOTf reacts within seconds. In situ enolate trapping at -78 °C using preformed NaHMDS/Me3SiCl mixtures is effective in Et3N/toluene yet fails in THF by forming (Me3Si)3N. Rate studies show enolization via mono- and disolvated dimers in Et3N/toluene, disolvated dimers in TMEDA, trisolvated monomers in THF/toluene, and free ions with PMDTA. Density functional theory computations explore the selectivities via the E- and Z-based transition structures. Failures of theory-experiment correlations of ionic fragments were considerable even when isodesmic comparisons could have canceled electron correlation errors. Swapping 2-methyl-3-pentanone with a close isostere, 2-methylcyclohexanone, causes a fundamental change in the mechanism to a trisolvated-monomer-based enolization in THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Woltornist
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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7
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Elorriaga D, Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, Ríos-Lombardía N, Morís F, Presa Soto A, González-Sabín J, Hevia E, García-Álvarez J. Combination of organocatalytic oxidation of alcohols and organolithium chemistry (RLi) in aqueous media, at room temperature and under aerobic conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8932-8935. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03768k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis and highly-polar s-block organometallic chemistry (RLi) work together in water, under air and at room temperature for the selective and ultrafast synthesis of tertiary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- (IUQOEM) Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- (IUQOEM) Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
| | | | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie
- Universität Bern
- Bern
- Switzerland
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- (IUQOEM) Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
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8
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Zhou Y, Keresztes I, MacMillan SN, Collum DB. Disodium Salts of Pseudoephedrine-Derived Myers Enolates: Stereoselectivity and Mechanism of Alkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16865-16876. [PMID: 31613094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoephedrine-derived dianionic Myers enolates were generated using sodium diisopropylamide (NaDA) in THF solution. The reactivities and selectivities of the disodium salts largely mirror those of the dilithium salts but without the requisite large excesses of inorganic salts (LiCl) or mandated dilute solutions. The disodium salts require careful control of temperature to preclude deleterious aggregate aging effects traced to changes in the aggregate structure and intervening O-alkylations. Structural studies and density functional theory (DFT) computations show a dominant highly symmetric polyhedron quite different from the lithium analogue. No enolate-NaDA mixed aggregates are observed with excess NaDA. Rate studies show an alkylation mechanism involving an intervening tetramer-monomer pre-equilibrium followed by rate-limiting alkylation of tetrasolvated monomers. DFT computations were conducted to explore the possible influences on stereochemistry. A crystal deriving from samples aged at ambient temperature contains six dianionic subunits and two monoanionic (alkoxide-only) subunits. A new preparation of concentrated solutions of NaDA in THF solution is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
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9
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Torres S, Velasco M, Gallegos‐Rojas JÁ, Bernès S, Orea ML, Terán JL, Huelgas G, Gómez‐Calvario V, Juárez JR. A Concise Stereoselective Synthesis of ( R)‐2‐Benzylmorpholine and ML398 from ( R)‐(−)‐2‐Phenylglycinol. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Torres
- Centro de Química, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Edif. IC8, Complejo de Ciencias, C.U. 72570 Puebla Pue. Mexico
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Centro de Química, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Edif. IC8, Complejo de Ciencias, C.U. 72570 Puebla Pue. Mexico
| | | | - Sylvain Bernès
- Instituto de FísicaBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla 1IF2 (aka 110‐B), Lab. 102, C.U. 72570 Puebla Pue. Mexico
| | - María L. Orea
- Centro de Química, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Edif. IC8, Complejo de Ciencias, C.U. 72570 Puebla Pue. Mexico
| | - Joel L. Terán
- Centro de Química, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Edif. IC8, Complejo de Ciencias, C.U. 72570 Puebla Pue. Mexico
| | - Gabriela Huelgas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico‐BiológicasUniversidad de las Américas‐Puebla Sta. Catarina Mártir 72820 Cholula Pue. Mexico
| | - Víctor Gómez‐Calvario
- Centro de Química, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Edif. IC8, Complejo de Ciencias, C.U. 72570 Puebla Pue. Mexico
| | - Jorge R. Juárez
- Centro de Química, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Edif. IC8, Complejo de Ciencias, C.U. 72570 Puebla Pue. Mexico
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10
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García-Álvarez J, Hevia E, Capriati V. The Future of Polar Organometallic Chemistry Written in Bio-Based Solvents and Water. Chemistry 2018; 24:14854-14863. [PMID: 29917274 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong imperative to reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the environment, and many efforts are currently being made to replace conventional hazardous VOCs in favour of safe, green and bio-renewable reaction media that are not based on crude petroleum. Recent ground-breaking studies from a few laboratories worldwide have shown that both Grignard and (functionalised) organolithium reagents, traditionally handled under strict exclusion of air and humidity and in anhydrous VOCs, can smoothly promote both nucleophilic additions to unsaturated substrates and nucleophilic substitutions in water and other bio-based solvents (glycerol, deep eutectic solvents), competitively with protonolysis, at room temperature and under air. The chemistry of polar organometallics in the above protic media is a complex phenomenon influenced by several factors, and understanding its foundational character is stimulating in the perspective of the development of a sustainable organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis, Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorganica (IUQOEM), Instituto, Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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11
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Dilauro G, Dell'Aera M, Vitale P, Capriati V, Perna FM. Unprecedented Nucleophilic Additions of Highly Polar Organometallic Compounds to Imines and Nitriles Using Water as a Non-Innocent Reaction Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Marzia Dell'Aera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università di Bari “A. Moro”; Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.; Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
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12
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Dilauro G, Dell'Aera M, Vitale P, Capriati V, Perna FM. Unprecedented Nucleophilic Additions of Highly Polar Organometallic Compounds to Imines and Nitriles Using Water as a Non-Innocent Reaction Medium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10200-10203. [PMID: 28695616 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to classic methods carried out under inert atmospheres with dry volatile organic solvents and often low temperatures, the addition of highly polar organometallic compounds to non-activated imines and nitriles proceeds quickly, efficiently, and chemoselectively with a broad range of substrates at room temperature and under air with water as the only reaction medium. Secondary amines and tertiary carbinamines are furnished in yields of up to and over 99 %. The significant solvent D/H isotope effect observed for the on-water nucleophilic additions of organolithium compounds to imines suggests that the on-water catalysis arises from proton transfer across the organic-water interface. The strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds between water molecules may play a key role in disfavoring protonolysis, which occurs extensively in other protic media such as methanol. This work lays the foundation for reshaping many fundamental s-block metal-mediated organic transformations in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marzia Dell'Aera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
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13
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Matsuoka M, Goto M, Wzorek A, Soloshonok VA, Kitagawa O. Diastereoselective α-Alkylation of Metallo Enamines Generated from N-C Axially Chiral Mebroqualone Derivatives. Org Lett 2017; 19:2650-2653. [PMID: 28459589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of various alkyl halides with the metallo enamines generated from racemic and optically pure N-C axially chiral mebroqualone derivatives were found to proceed with a synthetically attractive stereochemical outcome (up to 99% yield and up to dr = 26:1) allowing preparation of a structurally new type of pharmaceutically interesting compounds possessing elements of axial and central chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Matsuoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology , 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology , 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology , 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
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14
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Guang J, Liu Q, Hopson R, Kagan G, Li W, Monroe TB, Williard PG. Conformational Polymorphism of Lithium Pinacolone Enolate. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15177-15188. [PMID: 27762552 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A metastable, polymorphic hexameric crystal structure of lithium pinacolone enolate (LiOPin) is reported along with three preparation methods. NMR-based structural characterization implies that the lithium pinacolate hexamer deaggregates to a tetramer in toluene but retains mainly the hexameric structure in nonaromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane. Moreover, the presence of a small amount of lithium aldolate (LiOA) dramatically influences the aggregation state of LiOPin by forming a mixed aggregate with a 3:1 ratio (LiOPin3·LiOA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Qiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Gerald Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Weibin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Thomas B Monroe
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Paul G Williard
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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16
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Honda K, Harris TV, Hatanaka M, Morokuma K, Mikami K. Computational S
N
2‐Type Mechanism for the Difluoromethylation of Lithium Enolate with Fluoroform through Bimetallic C−F Bond Dual Activation. Chemistry 2016; 22:8796-800. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Honda
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Travis V. Harris
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
- Department of Chemistry University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington 98416 USA
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Kinki University Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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17
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Cicco L, Sblendorio S, Mansueto R, Perna FM, Salomone A, Florio S, Capriati V. Water opens the door to organolithiums and Grignard reagents: exploring and comparing the reactivity of highly polar organometallic compounds in unconventional reaction media towards the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1192-1199. [PMID: 29910874 PMCID: PMC5975938 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has always been a firm conviction of the scientific community that the employment of both anhydrous conditions and water-free reaction media is required for the successful handling of organometallic compounds with highly polarised metal-carbon bonds. Herein, we describe how, under heterogeneous conditions, Grignard and organolithium reagents can smoothly undergo nucleophilic additions to γ-chloroketones, on the way to 2,2-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans, "on water", competitively with protonolysis, under batch conditions, at room temperature and under air. The reactivity of the above organometallic reagents has also been investigated in conventional anhydrous organic solvents and in bio-based eutectic and low melting mixtures for comparison. The scope and limitations of this kind of reaction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cicco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. , Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 , Bari , Italy .
| | - Stefania Sblendorio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. , Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 , Bari , Italy .
| | - Rosmara Mansueto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. , Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 , Bari , Italy .
| | - Filippo M Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. , Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 , Bari , Italy .
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. , Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 , Bari , Italy .
| | - Saverio Florio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. , Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 , Bari , Italy .
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. , Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 , Bari , Italy .
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18
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Marchois J, Fressigné C, Lecachey B, Maddaluno J. Base or nucleophile? DFT finally elucidates the origin of the selectivity between the competitive reactions triggered by MeLi or LDA on propanal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9801-4. [PMID: 25925129 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The competition between basicity and nucleophilicity of two standard organolithium reagents was studied using DFT. Comparing the reactivity of solvated (MeLi)2 and (LDA)2 toward propanal finally explains why methyllithium adds onto the carbonyl while LDA deprotonates the α-position, in accord with experiment and Ireland's deprotonation TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marchois
- Laboratoire COBRA, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen and INSA de Rouen, 76821-Mont St Aignan Cedex, France.
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19
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20
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Matassa VG, Jenkins PR, Kümin A, Damm L, Schreiber J, Felix D, Zass E, Eschenmoser A. Concerning the Stereochemistry of S
E'
‐Type Reactions. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor G. Matassa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Universitätstrasse 16, CH‐8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul R. Jenkins
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Universitätstrasse 16, CH‐8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Albin Kümin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Universitätstrasse 16, CH‐8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Damm
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Universitätstrasse 16, CH‐8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Schreiber
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Universitätstrasse 16, CH‐8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Felix
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Universitätstrasse 16, CH‐8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Engelbert Zass
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Universitätstrasse 16, CH‐8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Albert Eschenmoser
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Universitätstrasse 16, CH‐8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Harrison-Marchand A, Mongin F. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 1. Structural Data. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7470-562. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300295w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Équipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bâtiment 10A, case 1003, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
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22
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Mongin F, Harrison-Marchand A. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 2. Syntheses and Reactivities of Homo/HeteroMAAs. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7563-727. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mongin
- Equipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bât. 10A, Case 1003, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
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23
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Reich HJ. Role of Organolithium Aggregates and Mixed Aggregates in Organolithium Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400187u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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24
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Tomasevich LL, Collum DB. Structure determination using the method of continuous variation: lithium phenolates solvated by protic and dipolar aprotic ligands. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7498-507. [PMID: 23806055 PMCID: PMC3759316 DOI: 10.1021/jo401080n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The method of continuous variation (MCV) was used in conjunction with (6)Li NMR spectroscopy to characterize four lithium phenolates solvated by a range of solvents, including N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, Et2O, pyridine, protic amines, alcohols, and highly dipolar aprotic solvents. Dimers, trimers, and tetramers were observed, depending on the precise lithium phenolate-solvent combinations. Competition experiments (solvent swaps) provide insights into the relative propensities toward mixed solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Tomasevich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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25
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Lazny R, Wolosewicz K. An expedient preparation of amine-free lithium enolates using immobilized amide reagents. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Strzalko T, Wartski L, Corset J, Castellà-Ventura M, Froment F. Study of the Lithiated Phenylacetonitrile Monoanions and Dianions Formed According to the Lithiated Base Used (LHMDS, LDA, or n-BuLi). 2. Alkylation and Deuteriation Mechanism Study by Vibrational and NMR Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry Calculations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6431-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300758g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tekla Strzalko
- LSOM - CNRS/U-PSUD, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay,
15 Rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Lya Wartski
- LSOM - CNRS/U-PSUD, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay,
15 Rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Corset
- LADIR - CNRS/UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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27
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Tilly D, Magolan J, Mortier J. Directed Remote Aromatic Metalations: Mechanisms and Driving Forces. Chemistry 2012; 18:3804-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Liu Z, Mehta SJ, Lee KS, Grossman B, Qu H, Gu X, Nichol GS, Hruby VJ. Thio-Claisen Rearrangement Used in Preparing Anti-β-Functionalized γ,δ-Unsaturated Amino Acids: Scope and Limitations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1289-300. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201753q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sukeshi J. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kwang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Bryan Grossman
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Hongchang Qu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Xuyuan Gu
- Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, Nektar Therapeutics, 490 Discovery Drive, Huntsville,
Alabama 35758, United States
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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29
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Davies SG, Foster EM, McIntosh CR, Roberts PM, Rosser TE, Smith AD, Thomson JE. Asymmetric synthesis of syn- and anti-α-deuterio-β3-phenylalanine derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Viciu MS, Gupta L, Collum DB. Mechanism of lithium diisopropylamide-mediated substitution of 2,6-difluoropyridine. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6361-5. [PMID: 20397635 PMCID: PMC2872121 DOI: 10.1021/ja910834b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 2,6-difluoropyridine with lithium diisopropylamide in THF solution at -78 degrees C effects ortholithiation quantitatively. Warming the solution to 0 degrees C converts the aryllithium to 2-fluoro-6-(diisopropylamino)pyridine. Rate studies reveal evidence of a reversal of the ortholithiation and a subsequent 1,2-addition via two monomer-based pathways of stoichiometries [ArH*i-Pr(2)NLi(THF)](double dagger) and [ArH*i-Pr(2)NLi(THF)(3)](double dagger). Computational studies fill in the structural details and provide evidence of a direct substitution without the intermediacy of a Meisenheimer complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai S. Viciu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Lekha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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31
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Mikami K, Tomita Y, Itoh Y. Activation of CF Bonds in Preference to CI Bonds: Difluoromethylation of Lithium Enolates with Trifluoromethyl Iodide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Mikami K, Tomita Y, Itoh Y. Activation of CF Bonds in Preference to CI Bonds: Difluoromethylation of Lithium Enolates with Trifluoromethyl Iodide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:3819-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Davies SG, Goodwin CJ, Hepworth D, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. On the Origins of Diastereoselectivity in the Alkylation of Enolates Derived from N-1-(1′-Naphthyl)ethyl-O-tert-butylhydroxamates: Chiral Weinreb Amide Equivalents. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1214-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902499s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Goodwin
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Process R&D, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - David Hepworth
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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34
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Gawley RE. Overview of Carbanion Dynamics and Electrophilic Substitutions in Chiral Organolithium Compounds. TOPICS IN STEREOCHEMISTRY 2010; 26:93-133. [PMID: 21804654 PMCID: PMC3145419 DOI: 10.1002/9783906390628.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Gawley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701 USA
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35
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Tilly D, Fu JM, Zhao BP, Alessi M, Castanet AS, Snieckus V, Mortier J. On the Mechanism of the Directed ortho and Remote Metalation Reactions of N,N-Dialkylbiphenyl 2-carboxamides. Org Lett 2009; 12:68-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902268h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Tilly
- Université du Maine and CNRS, Unité de Chimie Organique Moléculaire and Macromoléculaire (UMR 6011), Faculté des Sciences, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France, and Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jian-min Fu
- Université du Maine and CNRS, Unité de Chimie Organique Moléculaire and Macromoléculaire (UMR 6011), Faculté des Sciences, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France, and Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bao-ping Zhao
- Université du Maine and CNRS, Unité de Chimie Organique Moléculaire and Macromoléculaire (UMR 6011), Faculté des Sciences, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France, and Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Manlio Alessi
- Université du Maine and CNRS, Unité de Chimie Organique Moléculaire and Macromoléculaire (UMR 6011), Faculté des Sciences, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France, and Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Castanet
- Université du Maine and CNRS, Unité de Chimie Organique Moléculaire and Macromoléculaire (UMR 6011), Faculté des Sciences, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France, and Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Université du Maine and CNRS, Unité de Chimie Organique Moléculaire and Macromoléculaire (UMR 6011), Faculté des Sciences, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France, and Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jacques Mortier
- Université du Maine and CNRS, Unité de Chimie Organique Moléculaire and Macromoléculaire (UMR 6011), Faculté des Sciences, avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France, and Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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36
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Martin J, Plaquevent JC, Maddaluno J, Rouden J, Lasne MC. Efficient Deracemization of Pipecolic Acid Amides through Enantioselective Protonation of Their Lithium Enolates: Insights into the Origin of the Transferred Proton. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Kolonko KJ, Biddle MM, Guzei IA, Reich HJ. Solution Structures of Lithium Enolates of Cyclopentanone, Cyclohexanone, Acetophenones, and Benzyl Ketones. Triple Ions and Higher Lithiate Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11525-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ja903479p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret M. Biddle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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38
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Liu Z, Qu H, Gu X, Min BJ, Nyberg J, Hruby VJ. Enantioselective synthesis of anti-beta-substituted gamma,delta-unsaturated amino acids: a highly selective asymmetric thio-Claisen rearrangement. Org Lett 2008; 10:4105-8. [PMID: 18702500 PMCID: PMC2654228 DOI: 10.1021/ol801657q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthesis of optically active anti-beta-substituted gamma,delta-unsaturated amino acids via a thio-Claisen rearrangement has been achieved. A 2,5-diphenylpyrrolidine was used as a C2-symmetric chiral auxiliary to control the stereochemistry, giving good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U. S. A
| | - Hongchang Qu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U. S. A
| | - Xuyuan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U. S. A
| | - Byoung J. Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U. S. A
| | - Joel Nyberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U. S. A
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U. S. A
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39
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Kawabata T, Moriyama K, Kawakami S, Tsubaki K. Powdered KOH in DMSO: An Efficient Base for Asymmetric Cyclization via Memory of Chirality at Ambient Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:4153-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077684w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Kawabata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611- 0011, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Moriyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611- 0011, Japan
| | - Shimpei Kawakami
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611- 0011, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tsubaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611- 0011, Japan
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40
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Quinet C, Jourdain P, Hermans C, Ates A, Lucas I, Markó IE. Highly efficient, base-catalysed, intramolecular hydroamination of non-activated olefins. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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He X, Morris JJ, Noll BC, Brown SN, Henderson KW. Kinetics and mechanism of ketone enolization mediated by magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide). J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:13599-610. [PMID: 17031975 DOI: 10.1021/ja064927w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide), Mg(HMDS)(2), reacts with substoichiometric amounts of propiophenone in toluene solution at ambient temperature to form a 74:26 mixture of the enolates (E)- and (Z)-[(HMDS)(2)Mg(2)(mu-HMDS){mu-OC(Ph)=CHCH(3)}], (E)-1 and (Z)-1, which contain a pair of three-coordinate metal centers bridged by an amide and an enolate group. The compositions of (E)-1 and (Z)-1 were confirmed by solution NMR studies and also by crystallographic characterization in the solid state. Rate studies using UV-vis spectroscopy reveal the rapid and complete formation of a reaction intermediate, 2, between the ketone and magnesium, which undergoes first-order decay with rate constants independent of the concentration of excess Mg(HMDS)(2) (DeltaH++ = 17.2 +/- 0.8 kcal/mol, DeltaS++ = -11 +/- 3 cal/mol.K). The intermediate 2 has been characterized by low-temperature (1)H NMR, diffusion-ordered NMR, and IR spectroscopy and investigated by computational studies, all of which are consistent with the formulation of 2 as a three-coordinate monomer, (HMDS)(2)Mg{eta(1)-O=C(Ph)CH(2)CH(3)}. Further support for this structure is provided by the synthesis and structural characterization of two model ketone complexes, (HMDS)(2)Mg(eta(1)-O=C(t)Bu(2)) (3) and (HMDS)(2)Mg{eta(1)-O=C((t)Bu)Ph} (4). A large primary deuterium isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) = 18.9 at 295 K) indicates that proton transfer is the rate-limiting step of the reaction. The isotope effect displays a strong temperature dependence, indicative of tunneling. In combination, these data support the mechanism of enolization proceeding through the single intermediate 2 via intramolecular proton transfer from the alpha carbon of the bound ketone to the nitrogen of a bound hexamethyldisilazide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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42
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Weber I, Heinemann F, Zenneck U. A Synthesis Detour to Planar-Diastereoisomeric Ferrocene Derivatives around an Unexpected Rearrangement ofortho-LithiatedKagan's Template [S(S)]-(p-Tolylsulfinyl)ferrocene. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Green JR, Majewski M, Snieckus V. Deprotonation of β,β-disubstituted α,β-unsaturated amides - Mechanism and stereochemical consequences. CAN J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1139/v06-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A detailed study of the lithium dialkylamide induced deprotonation of β,β-disubstituted α,β-unsaturated amides is presented. The preferential γ-Z-deprotonation and stereochemical outcome of substituents on the γ-Z carbon atom are rationalized in terms of a cyclic eight-membered transition state, which is supported by DFT calculations. Analogous deprotonations on cyclohexylidenecarboxamides reveal a delicate balance of the preference for the eight-membered cyclic transition state with the effects of existing substituents on the ring and the intervention of a twist-boat transition state.Key words: dienolate, amide, deprotonation mechanism, transition state, enolization, regioselectivity, stereoselectivity.
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44
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Barluenga S, Moulin E, Lopez P, Winssinger N. Solution- and solid-phase synthesis of radicicol (monorden) and pochonin C. Chemistry 2006; 11:4935-52. [PMID: 15940738 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A modular synthesis for pochonin C and radicicol is reported. The two natural products were prepared in seven and eight steps, respectively, from three readily available fragments. Alternative syntheses of these compounds were achieved using a combination of polymer-bound reagents and solid phase reactions. The conformation of the two natural products was studied and compared by using 2D NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Barluenga
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institut de Science et Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université Louis Pasteur, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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45
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Majewski M, Ulaczyk-Lesanko A, Wang F. Chiral lithium amides on polymer support Synthesis and use in deprotonation of ketones. CAN J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1139/v06-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of chiral secondary amines attached to Merrifield resin or to noncrosslinked (soluble) polystyrene support were synthesized. The corresponding lithium amides, generated from these amines by treatment with BuLi, react with tropinone, a model symmetrical ketone, to give the corresponding enolates enantioselectively (ee up to 75%). The enolates were trapped either as the corresponding aldol adducts by a reaction with benzaldehyde or as ring-opening products in a reaction with a chloroformate.Key words: chiral lithium amides, polymer-supported reagents, deprotonation, enolates, tropinone.
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46
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Boche G, Langlotz I, Marsch M, Harms K. X‐Ray Crystal Structures of the Enolate of
tert
‐Butyl α‐Cyanoacetate with Li
+
or Protonated 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU‐H
+
) as Gegenion. N—H Hydrogen Bridge from DBU‐H
+
to the Enolate Oxygen Atom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19941271031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Boche
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Marburg, D‐35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ira Langlotz
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Marburg, D‐35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Marsch
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Marburg, D‐35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Marburg, D‐35032 Marburg, Germany
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47
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Mulzer J, Hiersemann M, Buschmann J, Luger P. 1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-gulofuranose as a Chiral Auxiliary in the Diastereoselective C Methylation of Ester Enolates. The Influence of the Base on the Stereochemistry of Enolate Formation and Alkylation. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619960502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Bezencon O, Seebach D. Alkylations of Chiral Imidazolidinones Derived from Di- and Triglycine and Attempts at Cyclisations to Give Cycloisodityrosines. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619960805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Barr D, Berrisford DJ, Jones RVH, Slawin AMZ, Snaith R, Stoddart JF, Williams DJ. Ein neues, chirales, koordinationsfähiges Lithiumamid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19891010815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Coumbarides GS, Eames J, Suggate MJ, Weerasooriya N. Investigations into theC-deuteriation of aryl alkyl ketones using urea as a pro-base in the presence of a deuterium donor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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