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Kong S, Liao Q, Liu Y, Luo Y, Fu S, Lin L, Li H. Prenylated Flavonoids in Sophora flavescens: A Systematic Review of Their Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:1087-1135. [PMID: 38864547 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Sophora flavescens has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 1700 years. This plant is known for its heat-clearing, damp-drying, insecticidal, and diuretic properties. Phytochemical research has identified prenylated flavonoids as a unique class of bioactive compounds in S. flavescens. Recent pharmacological studies reveal that the prenylated flavonoids from S. flavescens (PFS) exhibit potent antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and glycolipid metabolism-regulating activities, offering significant therapeutic benefits for various diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles of PFS have not been systematically studied. Despite the diverse biological effects of prenylated flavonoid compounds against similar diseases, their structure-activity relationship is not yet fully understood. This review aims to summarize the latest findings regarding the chemical composition, drug metabolism, pharmacological properties, toxicity, and structure-activity relationship of prenylated flavonoids from S. flavescens. It seeks to highlight their potential for clinical use and suggest directions for future related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sai Fu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanxiaojie 16, Dongzhimennei Ave, 100700 Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 330006 Jiangxi, P. R. China
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Monge-Sevilla RD, Fernández L, Espinoza-Montero PJ, Méndez-Durazno C, Cisneros-Pérez PA, Romero-Estévez D, Bolaños-Méndez D, Alvarez-Paguay J, Jadán M. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of native Ecuadorian fruits: Rubus glabratus Kunth , Vaccinium floribundum Kunth, and Opuntia soederstromiana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30593. [PMID: 38742063 PMCID: PMC11089365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The native berries of South America present promising marketing opportunities owing to their high antioxidant content, notably rich in anthocyanin and phenolic compounds. However, Ecuador's endemic fruits, primarily found in the wild, lack comprehensive data regarding their phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity, underscoring the need for research in this area. Accordingly, this study evaluated the total phenolic, anthocyanin, flavonoid, resveratrol, ascorbic acid, citric acid, sugars, and antioxidant content of three native Ecuadorian fruits: mora de monte (Rubus glabratus Kunth), mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth), and tuna de monte (Opuntia soederstromiana). Determination of resveratrol, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and sugars was determined by HPLC analysis, and UPLC analysis was used to determine tentative metabolites with nutraceutical properties. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using cyclic voltammetry and the DPPH method; differential pulse voltammetry was used to evaluate antioxidant power. Analysis of results through UPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry indicated that R. glabratus Kunth and V. floribundum Kunth are important sources of various compounds with potential health-promoting functions in the body. The DPPH results showed the following antioxidant capacities for the three fruits: R. glabratus Kunth > O. soederstromiana > V. floribundum Kunth; this trend was consistent with the antioxidant capacity results determined using the electrochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl D. Monge-Sevilla
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Vicente Ramón Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador Av. Universitaria, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
| | - Lenys Fernández
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Vicente Ramón Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador
| | - Patricio J. Espinoza-Montero
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Vicente Ramón Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Méndez-Durazno
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Vicente Ramón Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador Av. Universitaria, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
| | - Pablo A. Cisneros-Pérez
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, 100650, Ecuador
| | - David Romero-Estévez
- Centro de Estudios Aplicados en Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, PO-Box:17 01 21 84, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Bolaños-Méndez
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Vicente Ramón Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador
| | - Jocelyne Alvarez-Paguay
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Vicente Ramón Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador
| | - Mónica Jadán
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui, Sangolquí, Ecuador, P.O.BOX 171-5-231B, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, 3989400 ext 2122
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Jin S, Zhang SS, Shad N, Naeem A, Yang YD, Wu SK. Ethnobotanical investigation of medicinal plants used in Lingchuan county, Shanxi, China. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e260774. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Medicinal plants are the primary sources of healthcare among the people of developing countries in villages and local towns. Documenting and reporting the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants may contribute to pharmaceutical research development. For this reason, we present our findings on ethnomedicinal plants from Lingchuan County, Shanxi, China, an unexplored area rich in medicinal plant resources. Information of ethnomedicinal plants were collected through questionnaire/semi-structured interviews from 180 informants, including traditional healers. Field surveys were conducted in 53 villages of Lingchuan County from 2017 to 2018. Informed consent was obtained from each participant before conducting the interview process. Quantitative analysis was performed for each recorded species, such as Relative Frequency Citation (RFC), Use Value (UV), and Factor of Informant Consensus (FIC). Diseases were categorized into twelve groups. A total 138 species of medicinal plants were recorded, belonging to 123 genera of 58 families. Asteraceae was the dominant plant family with 19 species, followed by Rosaceae and Fabaceae. Herbs were dominant among plant life-forms with 96 species, followed by shrubs and trees (15 species each). Roots were the most commonly used plant parts with 58 species, followed by whole plants and fruits (28 species each). Most plant species were reported non-toxic (84, 60%), followed by unknown toxicity (35, 25%), poisonous, and less toxic (19, 14%). Quantitative analysis revealed that Forsythia suspensa was with higher (0.33) RFC value, and Scutellaria baicalensis was recorded with a higher (0.91) UV. Treated diseases were categorized in 12 groups and evaluated by their FIC value, in which gynecological diseases have higher (0.93) FIC value followed by urinary system diseases. Most medicinal plants are used to clear away heat and relieve the surface. The present study revealed that local people of Lingchuan County confidently use ethnomedicinal plants for their healthcare needs. The higher indices value of a plant species resulted from quantitative analysis warrants further investigation, which may possess valuable phytochemical compounds that may result in new drugs for treating various human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jin
- Changzhi University, China; Ecological and Environmental Research Institute of Taihang Mountain, China
| | - S. S. Zhang
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, China
| | - N. Shad
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, China
| | - A. Naeem
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Y. D. Yang
- Changzhi University, China; Ecological and Environmental Research Institute of Taihang Mountain, China
| | - S. K. Wu
- Changzhi University, China; Ecological and Environmental Research Institute of Taihang Mountain, China
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Li JJ, Zhang X, Shen XC, Long QD, Xu CY, Tan CJ, Lin Y. Phytochemistry and biological properties of isoprenoid flavonoids from Sophora flavescens Ait. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104556. [PMID: 32194169 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sophora flavescens Ait (Ku-Shen in Chinese) is a popular traditional Chinese herbal medicine in China for a long history. It shows significant pharmacological activities in the treatment of dysentery, eczema, fever, jaundice, vulvar swelling, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and inflammatory disorders. Alkaloids and flavonoids have been identified as virtual components, especially isoprenoid flavanonols are a class of characteristic compounds for S. flavescens. However, few studies have focused on isoprenoid flavonoids analyses and no comprehensive review has yet been published. In the current review, we systematically summarized the isoprenoid flavonoids, a total of 55 compounds have been isolated from S. flavescens, particularly an isoprenyl and a lavandulyl group in backbone structures. Further pharmacological activities, qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses research will contribute to the development of natural isoprenoid flavonoid products in S. flavescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Qing-de Long
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Chang-Yan Xu
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Chuan-Jiao Tan
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.
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Ding PL, He CM, Cheng ZH, Chen DF. Flavonoids rather than alkaloids as the diagnostic constituents to distinguish Sophorae Flavescentis Radix from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma: an HPLC fingerprint study. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 16:951-960. [PMID: 30595220 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Sophora flavescens Ait., SFR) and Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (S. tonkinensis Gapnep., STR) are two commonly used traditional Chinese medicines from Sophora (Leguminosae) plants, which are believed to possess similar bioactive components with entirely different clinical applications. In order to find out the characteristic chemical constituents potentially leading to the unique medicinal properties claimed for each of the two closely related TCMs, an HPLC fingerprint method was developed for analyses of the alkaloid and flavonoid constituents of SFR and STR, respectively, which were further evaluated and compared through similarity calculation and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The results from the present study showed that the alkaloid fingerprints of the two herbs were similar, with many components co-existing in both drugs and various batches of samples from different species being mixed together in the HCA dendrogram. However, their flavonoid constituents were totally different with specific fingerprints being yielded for each herb, and further HCA analysis showed that the tested samples could almost be clearly divided into two groups based on their origins of species. The results from the present study indicated that the flavonoid constituents could serve as the differentially diagnostic constituents of SFR and STR and might potentially attributed to their distinct therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lan Ding
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang-Ming He
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Boozari M, Soltani S, Iranshahi M. Biologically active prenylated flavonoids from the genus Sophora and their structure-activity relationship-A review. Phytother Res 2019; 33:546-560. [PMID: 30652369 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genus Sophora (Fabaceae) has been used in traditional medicine for years. Prenylated flavonoids are one of the constituents of Sophora species that play important roles in their biological properties. Different classes of prenylated flavonoids are produced by Sophora spp. including prenylated flavonol (e.g., sophoflavescenol), prenylated flavanone (e.g., sophoraflavanone G), prenylated flavonostilbene (e.g., alopecurones A and B), and prenylated chalcone (kuraridin). Prenylated flavonoids have a more lipophilic structure, which leads to its high affinity to the cell membranes and enhancement of the biological activity, which includes cytotoxicity, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and estrogenic activities. However, it is reported that prenylation decreases the plasma absorption but increases the tissue accumulation. The presence of the prenyl or lavandulyl groups on C8 position of flavonoids plays an important role in the biological activity. It seems that prenylated flavonoids have the potential to be developed as new drugs or supplements for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahare Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saba Soltani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhang X, Jiang P, Chen P, Cheng N. Metabolism of kurarinone by human liver microsomes and its effect on cytotoxicity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:619-627. [PMID: 26429409 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1070876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kurarinone, the most abundant prenylated flavonoid in Sophora flavescens Aiton (Leguminosae), is a promising antitumor therapeutic. However, it shows significant hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, how kurarinone is metabolized in humans remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate kurarinone metabolism in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and the role of metabolism in kurarinone-induced cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms (UGTs) involved in kurarinone glucuronidation were identified using chemical inhibitors (100-1000 µM phenylbutazone; 10-100 µM β-estradiol; 10-100 µM 1-naphthol; 10-500 µM propofol; and 100-1000 µM fluconazole) and recombinant human UGTs. Kurarinone (2-500 µM) was incubated with HLMs and UGTs (0.5 mg/mL) for 15 min to determine enzyme kinetic parameters. The IC50 value of kurarinone (10-200 µM) was evaluated in a HLMs/3T3 cell co-culture system. RESULTS Kurarinone is extensively converted to two glucuronides (M3 and M4) in HLMs. M3 formation was catalyzed by multiple UGT1As, with UGT1A3 showing the highest intrinsic clearance (120.60 mL/min/mg). M4 formation was catalyzed by UGT1A1, UGT2B4, and UGT2B7. UGT1A1 showed the highest intrinsic clearance (60.61 mL/min/mg). The kinetic profiles of the five main UGTs and HLMs fit substrate inhibition kinetics, with Km values ranging from 5.20 to 46.52 µM, Vmax values ranging from 0.20 to 3.06 µmol/min/mg, and Ksi values ranging from 25.58 to 230.30 µM. The kurarinone IC50 value was 93 μM in the control group, 102 μM in HLMs with NADPH, and 160 μM in HLMs with UDPGA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Kurarinone glucuronidation is a detoxification pathway. This information may help to elucidate the risk factors regulating kurarinone toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Peng Jiang
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ping Chen
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Nengneng Cheng
- a Department of Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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He X, Fang J, Huang L, Wang J, Huang X. Sophora flavescens Ait.: Traditional usage, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:10-29. [PMID: 26087234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophora flavescens (Fabaceae), also known as Kushen (Chinese: ), has been an important species in Chinese medicine since the Qin and Han dynasties. The root of Sophora flavescens has a long history in the traditional medicine of many countries, including China, Japan, Korea, India and some countries in Europe. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Sophora flavescens has been used extensively, mainly in combination with other medicinal plants in prescriptions to treat fever, dysentery, hematochezia, jaundice, oliguria, vulvar swelling, asthma, eczema, inflammatory disorders, ulcers and diseases associated with skin burns. The aim of this review is to provide updated and comprehensive information regarding the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicology of Sophora flavescens and to discuss possible trends and opportunities for further research on Sophora flavescens. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched major scientific databases (PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, Medline Plus, ACS, "Da Yi Yi Xue Sou Suo (http://www.dayi100.com/login.jsp)", China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI) and Web of Science) for information published between 1958 and 2015 on Sophora flavescens. Information was also acquired from local classic herbal literature, conference papers, government reports, and PhD and MSc dissertations. RESULTS The broad spectrum of biological activities associated with Sophora flavescens has been considered a valuable resource in both traditional and modern medicine. Extracts are taken either orally or by injection. More than 200 compounds have been isolated from Sophora flavescens, and the major components have been identified as flavonoids and alkaloids. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that at least 50 pure compounds and crude extracts from Sophora flavescens possess wide-ranging antitumor, antimicrobial, antipyretic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological abilities. The anticancer and anti-infection abilities of these components are especially attractive areas for research. CONCLUSIONS Sophora flavescens is a promising traditional medicine, but there is a need for more precise studies to test the safety and clinical value of its main active crude extracts and pure compounds and to clarify their mechanisms of action. Moreover, some existing studies have lacked systematic methods and integration with the existing literature, and some of the experiments were isolated, used small sample sizes and were unreliable. More validated data are therefore required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China; The College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Linhong Huang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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Nguyen VS, Dong LP, Wang SC, Wang Q. The First Total Synthesis of Sophoflavescenol, Flavenochromane C, and Citrusinol. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim BJ. Involvement of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 Channels in Sophorae Radix-induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells: Sophorae Radix and TRPM7. J Pharmacopuncture 2012; 15:31-8. [PMID: 25780645 PMCID: PMC4331944 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2012.15.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sophorae Radix (SR) plays a role in a number of physiologic and pharmacologic functions in many organs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to clarify the potential role for transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channels in SR-inhibited growth and survival of AGS and MCF-7 cells, the most common human gastric and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. METHODS The AGS and the MCF-7 cells were treated with varying concentrations of SR. Analyses of the caspase-3 and - 9 activity, the mitochondrial depolarization and the poly (ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage were conducted to determine if AGS and MCF-7 cell death occured by apoptosis. TRPM7 channel blockers (Gd(3+) or 2-APB) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used in this study to confirm the role of TRPM7 channels. Furthermore, TRPM7 channels were overexpressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells to identify the role of TRPM7 channels in AGS and MCF-7 cell growth and survival. RESULTS The addition of SR to a culture medium inhibited AGS and MCF-7 cell growth and survival. Experimental results showed that the caspase-3 and -9 activity, the mitochondrial depolarization, and the degree of PARP cleavage was increased. TRPM7 channel blockade, either by Gd(3+) or 2-APB or by suppressing TRPM7 expression with small interfering RNA, blocked the SR-induced inhibition of cell growth and survival. Furthermore, TRPM7 channel overexpression in HEK 293 cells exacerbated SR-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that SR inhibits the growth and survival of gastric and breast cancer cells due to a blockade of the TRPM7 channel activity. Therefore, TRPM7 channels may play an important role in the survival of patients with gastric and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Shi YQ, Xin XL, Zhang HC, Zhang BJ, Wang CY, Hou J, Yuan QP, Deng S, Tian Y, Ma XC. Microbial transformation of Norkurarinone by Cunninghamella blakesleana AS 3.970. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:906-912. [PMID: 22924649 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.702759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, microbial transformation of norkurarinone (1) by Cunninghamella blakesleana AS 3.970 was investigated and seven transformed products were isolated and characterized as kurarinone (2), 4″,5″-dihydroxykurarinone (3), 6″-hydroxyl-2'-methoxyl-norkurarinone 7-O-β-d-glucoside (4), 6″-hydroxyl-norkurarinone 4'-O-β-d-glucoside (5), 4″,5″-dihydroxynorkurarinone (6), 7-methoxyl-norkurarinone (7), and 7-methoxyl-4″,5″-dihydroxynorkurarinone (8), respectively. Among them, 3-5 are new compounds, and the glycosylation reaction in microbial transformation process was reported rarely. In addition, the cytotoxicities of transformed products (1-8) were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Antitumor activities of kushen: literature review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:373219. [PMID: 22969826 PMCID: PMC3434675 DOI: 10.1155/2012/373219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To discover and develop novel natural compounds with therapeutic selectivity or that can preferentially kill cancer cells without significant toxicity to normal cells is an important area in cancer chemotherapy. Kushen, the dried roots of Sophora flavescens Aiton, has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer. Kushen alkaloids (KS-As) and kushen flavonoids (KS-Fs) are well-characterized components in kushen. KS-As containing oxymatrine, matrine, and total alkaloids have been developed in China as anticancer drugs. More potent antitumor activities were identified in KS-Fs than in KS-As in vitro and in vivo. KS-Fs may be developed as novel antitumor agents.
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Kim MC, Lim B, Lee HJ, Kim HW, Kwon YK, Kim BJ. Effects of sophorae radix on human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells: sophorae radix and cancer cells. J Pharmacopuncture 2012; 15:15-9. [PMID: 25780637 PMCID: PMC4331936 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2012.15.2.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Sophorae Radix (SR) and doxorubicin (DOX) in human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. We used the human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (MKN-45 and WIDR cells, respectively). We examined cell death by using the MTT(3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and the caspase 3 assay with SR. To examine the inhibitory effects of SR, we performed a cell cycle (sub G1) analysis for the MKN-45 and WIDR cells after three days with SR. The reversibility of SR was examined for one-day to five-day treatments with SR. SR inhibited the growth of MKN-45 and WIDR cells in a dosedependent manner. Also, we showed that SR induced apoptosis in MKN-45 and WIDR cells by using the MTT assay, the caspase 3 assay and the sub-G1 analysis. SR combined with DOX markedly inhibited the growth of MKN-45 and WIDR cells compared to SR or DOX alone. After 3 days of treating MKN-45 and WIDR cells with SR, the fraction of cells in the sub-G1 phase was much higher than that of the control group. Our findings provide insights into unraveling the effects of SR on human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and into developing therapeutic agents for use against gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bora Lim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Lee
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Woo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Kwon
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Liu D, Xin X, Su DH, Liu J, Wei Q, Li B, Cui J. Two New Lavandulyl Flavonoids from Sophora flavescens. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000501210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel lavandulyl flavonoids, (2 S)-7-methoxyl-4″, 5″ -dihydroxynorkurarinone (1) and (2 S)-6″ -hydroxynorkurarinone-7- O-β-D-galactoside (2), were isolated from the rhizome of Sophora flavescens. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods, including 2D NMR spectroscopy. Both compounds showed cytotoxic activity against Hela cells, with 2 being more active than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xiulan Xin
- Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong-hai Su
- Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junying Liu
- Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Center University for Nationalities, Chinese Minority Traditional Medical Center, Beijing 10081, China
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Schisantherin A exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by down-regulating NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation 2010; 33:126-36. [PMID: 20238486 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schisantherin A, a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera, has been used as an antitussive, tonic, and sedative agent under the name of Wuweizi in Chinese traditional medicine. In the present study, we carry out a screening program to identify the anti-inflammatory potentials of schisantherin A. We found that schisantherin A reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS (1 mg/L))-induced levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, NO, and PGE2 (p<0.01 or p<0.05), and also reduced levels of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. We further investigated signal transduction mechanisms to determine how schisantherin A affects. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 0.5, 2.5, or 25 mg/L of schisantherin A 1 h prior to treatment with 1 mg/L of LPS. Thirty minutes later, cells were harvested and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation and I kappaB alpha was measured by Western blot. Alternatively, cells were fixed and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation was measured using immunocytochemical analysis. Signal transduction studies showed that schisantherin A significantly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation protein expression. Schisantherin A also inhibited p65-NF-kappaB translocation into the nucleus by I kappaB alpha degradation. By using specific inhibitors of ERK, JNK and p38, we found that schisantherin A may inhibit TNF-alpha mostly through ERK pathway. Therefore, schisantherin A may inhibit LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by blocking NF-kappaB and MAPKs signaling in RAW264.7 cells.
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Ci X, Liang X, Luo G, Yu Q, Li H, Wang D, Li R, Deng X. Regulation of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by 2''-hydroxy-3''-en-anhydroicaritin involves down-regulation of NF-kappaB and MAPK expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:995-1002. [PMID: 20462523 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
2''-hydroxy-3''-en-anhydroicaritin, a flavone, was isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Epimedium brevicornum for the first time. In our previous study, we have carried out a screening program to identify the anti-inflammatory potentials of 2''-hydroxy-3''-en-anhydroicaritin. In the present study, we further found that this compound regulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced levels of nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) (**p<0.01 or *p<0.05), and reduced levels of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. We further investigated signal transduction mechanisms to determine how 2''-hydroxy-3''-en-anhydroicaritin affects RAW264.7 macrophages pretreated with 0.5, 2.5, or 12.5mg/L of 2''-hydroxy-3''-en-anhydroicaritin 1h prior to treatment with 1mg/L of LPS. Thirty minutes later, cells were harvested and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation and I kappaB alpha were measured by western blotting. Alternatively, the macrophages were fixed and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation was measured by immunocytochemical analysis. Signal transduction studies showed that the flavone significantly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation protein expression. The flavone also inhibited p65-NF-kappaB translocation into the nucleus by I kappaB alpha degradation. Therefore, 2''-hydroxy-3''-en-anhydroicaritin may inhibit LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by blocking NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ci
- Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
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Zhang GP, Xiao ZY, Rafique J, Arfan M, Smith PJ, Lategan CA, Hu LH. Antiplasmodial isoflavanones from the roots of Sophora mollis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1265-1268. [PMID: 19572738 DOI: 10.1021/np900144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Six new prenylated isoflavanones named sophoronols A-F (1-6), together with eight phenolic constituents, were isolated from the roots of Sophora mollis. Their structures and stereochemistry were established by 1D and 2D NMR techniques, especially HMBC and NOESY as well as CD results. Componds 3 and 5 exhibited moderate anitplasmodial activity against the CQS D10 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, with IC(50) values of 12.9 and 12.8 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ping Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Zhang P, Cheng Y. Structural characterization of isoprenylated flavonoids from Kushen by electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1421-1431. [PMID: 18464298 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen isoprenylated flavonoids (8 flavanones, 3 flavanols, and 7 chalcones) isolated from Kushen or synthesized were studied by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)). Plausible fragmentation patterns were obtained by comparing their MS(n) spectra with each other, which were further supported by high-resolution MS data and two model compounds. It was shown that the 2'-OH group would make the C-ring of flavonoids studied more labile through a six-membered mechanism, resulting in base peaks of (1,3)A+ (positive mode) and (1,4)A(-) (negative mode). In addition, the 2'-OH is also responsible for the neutral loss of water in (+)ESI/MS(2) of flavanones. The neutral loss of water (or methanol) in (-)ESI/MS(2) of flavanols was elucidated by a E2 elimination mechanism. Different relative abundances (RA) of (1,3)A(+) and S(+) in (+)ESI/MS(2) spectra were used to discriminate flavanones with their open-ring products, chalcones, since the equilibrium for flavanone<-->chalcone isomerization in ESI ion source could not be obtained in positive mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Ma XC, Xin XL, Zhang BJ, Li FY, Liu KX, Guo DA. Structural determination of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:903-906. [PMID: 18618635 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Eight flavonoids were isolated from Sophora flavescens. Among them, three prenylflavanones: (2S)-6[2(3-hydroxyisopropyl)-5-methyl-4-hexenyl]-5-methoxy-7,2', 4'-trihydroxyflavanone (1), (2S)-5, 4'-dimethoxy-8-lavandulyl-7, 2'-dihydroxy flavanone (2) and (2S)-8-(5-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-5-methylhexyl)-7-methoxy-5,2', 4'-trihydroxyflavanone (3) are new compounds. Their chemical structures were determined by spectral methods including 2D NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chi Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, PR China
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Ma XC, Xin XL, Liu KX, Zhang BJ, Li FY, Guo DA. Simultaneous Determination of Nine Major Flavonoids in Sophora flavescens by RP-LC. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Veitch NC, Grayer RJ. Flavonoids and their glycosides, including anthocyanins. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:555-611. [DOI: 10.1039/b718040n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ding P, Chen D. Three Cyclized Isoprenylated Flavonoids from the Roots and Rhizomes ofSophora tonkinensis. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Sun M, Han J, Duan J, Cui Y, Wang T, Zhang W, Liu W, Hong J, Yao M, Xiong S, Yan X. Novel antitumor activities of Kushen flavonoids in vitro and in vivo. Phytother Res 2007; 21:269-77. [PMID: 17186494 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Kushen (KS), the dried roots of Sophora flavescens Aiton, has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer. Kushen alkaloids (KS-As) and Kushen flavonoids (KS-Fs) are the well characterized components in KS. KS-As have been considered biologically active and developed in China as anticancer drugs. In an effort to screen novel antitumor agents from botanicals, more potent antitumor activities were identified in KS-Fs than in KS-As. KS-Fs were able to inhibit the growth of a panel of tumor cell lines and enhanced the antitumor activities of Taxol in vitro. The antitumor activities of KS-Fs and Kur, a single KS-Fs compound, were demonstrated in murine and xenograft human tumor models. Further, it was shown that KS-Fs and Kur were able to enhance the effect of Taxol to inhibit the growth of H460 and Eca-109 xenograft tumors. In addition, peripheral blood cell counts were not significantly affected in normal mice treated with KS-Fs at 200 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. These results suggest that KS-Fs may be developed as novel antitumor agents and that the currently marketed KS-As drugs in China may have missed the major antitumor activities in Kushen.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Roots
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Sun
- Department of Biology, Hutchison Medipharma Ltd., Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
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Sato S, Takeo J, Aoyama C, Kawahara H. Na+-Glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitory flavonoids from the roots of Sophora flavescens. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3445-9. [PMID: 17374486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The methanol extract of Sophora flavescens, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine (sophorae radix), showed potent Na(+)-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitory activity. Our search for active components identified many well-known flavonoid antioxidants: kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G, kushenol K, and kushenol N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seizo Sato
- Central Research Laboratory, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd, 559-6 Kitano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0906, Japan.
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Shen CC, Lin TW, Huang YL, Wan ST, Shien BJ, Chen CC. Phenolic constituents of the roots of Sophora flavescens. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:1237-40. [PMID: 16933887 DOI: 10.1021/np060189d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
From the roots of Sophora flavescens collected in Taiwan, four new prenylflavonoids, sophoraflavanone K (1), sophoraflavanone L (2), 8-lavandulylkaempferol (3), and cyclokuraridin (4), a new arylbenzofuran, 2-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-prenylphenyl)-5,6-methylenedioxybenzofuran (5), and a new prenyldibenzoyl derivative, sophoradione (6), were isolated. The structures of 1-6 were determined by spectroscopic data analysis. Compounds 2-6 were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the KB epidermoid carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No. 155-1, Sec. 2, Li Nung Street, Peitou, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ding P, Chen D. Isoprenylated Flavonoids from the Roots and Rhizomes ofSophora tonkinensis. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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