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Hilal B, Khan MM, Fariduddin Q. Recent advancements in deciphering the therapeutic properties of plant secondary metabolites: phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108674. [PMID: 38705044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites that serve as defense compounds against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, their potential curative attributes in addressing various human diseases render them valuable in the development of pharmaceutical drugs. Different secondary metabolites including phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids have been investigated for their antioxidant and therapeutic potential. A vast number of studies evaluated the specific compounds that possess crucial medicinal properties (such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, and antibacterial), their mechanisms of action, and potential applications in pharmacology and medicine. Therefore, an attempt has been made to characterize the secondary metabolites studied in medicinal plants, a brief overview of their biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms of action along with their signaling pathways by which they regulate various oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, the biotechnological approaches employed to enhance their production have also been discussed. The outcome of the present review will lead to the development of novel and effective phytomedicines in the treatment of various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Hilal
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | | | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Zhang ZL, Li YZ, Wu GQ, Li YM, Zhang DD, Wang R. A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications of Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Geetha RG, Ramachandran S. Recent Advances in the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Plant-Derived Alkaloid Rhynchophylline in Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081170. [PMID: 34452133 PMCID: PMC8400357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is a plant-derived indole alkaloid isolated from Uncaria species. Both the plant and the alkaloid possess numerous protective properties such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-hypertensive, anti-rhythmic, and sedative effects. Several studies support the significance of the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant as an underlying mechanism for most of the pharmacological activities of the alkaloid. Rhy is effective in protecting both the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Cerebro-cardiovascular disease primarily occurs due to changes in lifestyle habits. Many previous studies have highlighted the significance of Rhy in modulating calcium channels and potassium channels, thereby protecting the brain from neurodegenerative diseases and related effects. Rhy also has anticoagulation and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Although Rhy has displayed its role in protecting the cardiovascular system, very little is explored about its intervention in early atherosclerosis. Extensive studies are required to understand the cardioprotective effects of Rhye. This review summarized and discussed the various pharmacological effects of Rhy in neuro- and cardioprotection and in particular the relevance of Rhy in preventing early atherosclerosis using Rhy-loaded nanoparticles.
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Discovery of natural anti-inflammatory alkaloids: Potential leads for the drug discovery for the treatment of inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113165. [PMID: 33454546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an adaptive response of the immune system to tissue malfunction or homeostatic imbalance. Corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently applied to treat varieties of inflammatory diseases but are associated with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and kidney side effects. Developing more effective and less toxic agents remain a challenge for pharmaceutical chemist due to the complexity of the different inflammatory processes. Alkaloids are widely distributed in plants with diverse anti-inflammatory activities, providing various potential lead compounds or candidates for the design and discovery of new anti-inflammatory drug candidates. Therefore, re-examining the anti-inflammatory alkaloid natural products is advisable, bringing more opportunities. In this review, we summarized and described the recent advances of natural alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activities and possible mechanisms in the period from 2009 to 2020. It is hoped that this review of anti-inflammatory alkaloids can provide new ideas for researchers engaged in the related fields and potential lead compounds for the discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Yang W, Ip SP, Liu L, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Uncaria rhynchophylla and its Major Constituents on Central Nervous System: A Review on Their Pharmacological Actions. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:346-357. [PMID: 31272356 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190704092841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks (Rubinaceae), a common herbal medicine known as Gou-teng in Chinese, is commonly used in Chinese medicine practice for the treatment of convulsions, hypertension, epilepsy, eclampsia and other cerebral diseases. The major active components of U. rhynchophylla are alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The protective effects of U. rhynchophylla and its major components on central nervous system (CNS) have become a focus of research in recent decades. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to systematically summarize the pharmacological activities of U. rhynchophylla and its major components on the CNS. METHODS This review summarized the experimental findings from our laboratories, together with other literature data obtained through a comprehensive search of databases including the Pubmed and the Web of Science. RESULTS U. rhynchophylla and its major components such as rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline have been shown to have neuroprotective effects on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, cerebral ischaemia through a number of mechanisms including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory actions and regulation on neurotransmitters. CONCLUSION U. rhynchophylla and its major components have multiple beneficial pharmacological effects on CNS. Further studies on U. rhynchophylla and its major components are warranted to fully illustrate the underlying molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological profiles of these naturally occurring compounds and their potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Liang JH, Wang C, Huo XK, Tian XG, Zhao WY, Wang X, Sun CP, Ma XC. The genus Uncaria: A review on phytochemical metabolites and biological aspects. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104772. [PMID: 33152463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genus Uncaira (Rubiaceae) comprises of 34 species, many of which are usually used as traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to treat hypertension, fever, headache, gastrointestinal illness, and fungal infection. Over the past twenty years, Uncaira species have been paid the considerable attentions in phytochemical and biological aspects, and about 100 new secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, triterpenes, and flavonoids, have been elucidated. This review aims to present a comprehensive and up-to date overview of the biological source, structures and their biosynthetic pathways, as well as the pharmacological of the compounds reported in the genus Uncaria for the past two decades. It would provide an insight into the emerging pharmacological applications of the genus Uncaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Liang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Qin N, Lu X, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Qu W, Feng F, Sun H. Recent research progress of Uncaria spp. based on alkaloids: phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112960. [PMID: 33148492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are well-known in affording clinically useful agents, with rich medicinal values by combining with disease targets through various mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites as lead compounds lay the foundation for the discovery and development of new drugs in disease treatment. Genus Uncaria from Rubiaceae family is a significant plant source of active alkaloids, with anti-hypertensive, sedative, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-drug addiction and anti-inflammatory effects. This review summarizes and discuss the research progress of Uncaria based on alkaloids in the past 15 years, mainly in the past 5 years, including biosynthesis, phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Among, focusing on representative compounds rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline, the pharmacological activities surrounding the central nervous system and cardiovascular system are described in detail. On the basis of case studies, this article provides a brief overview of the synthesis and analogues of representative compounds types. In summary, this review provides an early basis for further searching for new targets and activities, discussing the mechanisms of pharmacological activity and studying the structure-activity relationships of active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
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Li S, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Yang L, Wang Y. Monpa, memory, and change: an ethnobotanical study of plant use in Mêdog County, South-east Tibet, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2020; 16:5. [PMID: 32000826 PMCID: PMC6993401 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-0355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their relative isolation, the previous studies of Monpa plant use were only conducted in north-east India. In October 2013, Mêdog County was no longer remote, thanks to completion of a highway into the county. This study of plant species used by the Monpa had three research objectives. These were (i) to identify and record local names and uses of plants in Mêdog County, (ii) to assess which of these were uses of endemic or near-endemic species within this part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, and (iii) to assess how plant uses reflect socio-economic change in Mêdog County? METHODS Field surveys were conducted in 12 villages of four townships in Mêdog County, Tibet, China. Two field visits were made. The first field trip was in November 2017 and the second field trip was in May 2018. We interviewed 64 key informants between 21 and 84 years old. Most of them were the village leaders and other local people who are knowledgeable about plants. After transect walks with knowledgeable local people, we used free listing, key informant interviews, and semi-structured interviews during the field work. Plants traditionally used by the Monpa were documented. Utilization frequency was used to assess the significance of each species, and the Cultural Importance index was used to estimate the cultural significance of the species in common. We also used the informant consensus factor (FIC) to determine the homogeneity of the informants' knowledge of medicinal plants. RESULTS One hundred ninety-four plant species belonging to 82 families and 158 genera were recorded and collected. One hundred twenty-two species, primarily fruits, were food plants. Forty-five species were used as traditional medicines. This included highly valued species collected in alpine areas (Paris polyphylla) and brought to villages in Mêdog, which are at a lower altitude (between 728 and 1759 m a.s.l). Seven edible plant species were also used as herbal medicines. We also recorded 39 species used for other purposes in Monpa daily life. These included nine species that were used to make agricultural tools, five species for dyes and mordants, four species for timber, three species for fuelwood, four species for religious ritual use, three species for washing, two species for incense, two species for thatching, two species for fiber (rope and paper), two "calendar plants" were used to indicate seasons for agricultural purposes, two fish poison plant species, and one species were used as a tobacco substitute. Based on taxonomic insights and from studies elsewhere, we suggested that fiber species were under-reported (c. 14 species were used vs. one species reported used). Even though these plant species are rich and diverse, the use of endemic or near-endemic species was rarely recorded in previous studies. These species included Arenga micrantha (used for starch), Hornstedtia tibetica (fruits), Castanopsis clarkei (edible nuts) and Gnetum pendulum (edible nuts), Ophiorrhiza medogensis (vegetables), Derris scabricaulis (fish poison), Radermachera yunnanensis (agricultural tools), Litsea tibetana (seed oil), Dendrocalamus tibeticus (wine strainers and implements for administering medicine), Zanthoxylum motuoense (spices), Cinnamomum contractum (tobacco substitutes), Morus wittiorum (medicines), and Garcinia nujiangensis (funeral rituals). Despite the absence of roads until 2013 and the impression of "isolation," Monpa knowledge of plant use reflects three categories of change. Firstly, oral histories of plants used in Bhutan were also encountered by Monpa people after their migration from Bhutan to south-eastern Tibet. Secondly, a "slow change" through centuries of exchange of knowledge (for example of Chinese and Tibetan medical systems), seeds of introduced crops (finger millet (indigenous to Africa), maize (from Meso-America)), and experimentation and use of introduced medicinal plants (such as Datura stramonium, which originates from North America). Thirdly, "fast change" over the past decade. This is reflected in changes in traditional architecture and in rising commercial trade in selected plant resources such as Dendrobium orchid stems and Paris polyphylla rhizomes which are in demand in China's Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) markets). CONCLUSIONS Monpa people in the south-eastern Tibet have detailed knowledge of the diverse plant resources. But that traditional knowledge is now faced with a crisis because of the modern socio-economic change. In addition, Monpa knowledge of plants reflects slower changes in knowledge as well. For example, Monpa ethnomedicine has been influenced by traditional Tibetan and Chinese medicine over a longer period in time. Overall, this study provides a deeper understanding of the Monpa peoples' knowledge on wild plants, including endemic and near-endemic species whose uses have not been previously recorded. Several of these narrowly distributed species, such as the fish poison Derris scabricaulis, could be the focus of further studies. Some wild edible plants may also have interesting dietary constituents which need in-depth studies. These detailed studies could enable the Monpa people to benefit from the use of their traditional plant-derived culture and therefore support the biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yongjie Guo
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species of China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049 China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Guo Q, Si X, Shi Y, Yang H, Liu X, Liang H, Tu P, Zhang Q. Glucoconjugated Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:3288-3301. [PMID: 31804070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six glucoconjugated monoterpene indole alkaloids, including 12 new compounds, rhynchophyllosides A-L (1-12), and 14 known ones, 13-26, were obtained from the hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by analyses of UV, MS, NMR, ECD, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The ESI-MSn behavior of the new glucoalkaloids was also elucidated. Although comprising the same glucosyl moiety, the aglycone skeletons and glucosidic numbers and linkage varied greatly, implying the diversity in biosynthetic pathways. This is the first report of such structurally diverse glucoconjugated monoterpene indole alkaloids from U. rhynchophylla. Compound 1 represents a new subtype of oxindole alkaloid with a seven-membered D-ring, 10 is a rare monoterpene indole alkaloid with the glucosyl moiety located at C-9, 4 and 5 are the first two oxindole alkaloid diglycosides, and 11 and 12 represent the first two examples of alkaloids with a quinolone nucleus from the genus Uncaria. Compound 10 exhibited moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 10.5 μM. Molecular docking was performed to explore the binding mode of inhibitor 10 at the active site of AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiali Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
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Liang JH, Luan ZL, Tian XG, Zhao WY, Wang YL, Sun CP, Huo XK, Deng S, Zhang BJ, Zhang ZJ, Ma XC. Uncarialins A-I, Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla as Natural Agonists of the 5-HT 1A Receptor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:3302-3310. [PMID: 31789520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nine new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, uncarialins A-I (1-9), were isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla as well as 14 known analogues (10-23). Their structures were determined by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds 5, 7, 15, and 22 displayed significant agonistic effects against the 5-HT1A receptor with EC50 values of 2.2 ± 0.1, 0.1 ± 0.1, 1.6 ± 0.3, and 2.0 ± 0.5 μM, respectively. The mechanisms of action of these four compounds with the 5-HT1A receptor were investigated by molecular docking, and the results suggested that amino acid residues Asp116, Thr196, Asn386, and Tyr390 played critical roles in the observed activity of the above-mentioned compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Liang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Lin Luan
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou 221004 , People's Republic of China
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Zhang H, Duan S, Wang L, Liu J, Qi W, Yuan D. Identification of the absorbed components and their metabolites of Tianma-Gouteng granule in rat plasma and bile using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4480. [PMID: 30597588 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tianma-Gouteng granule (TGG), a Chinese herbal formula preparation, is clinically used for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension, cerebral ischaemia, acute ischaemic stroke and Parkinson's disease. Although few reports have been published concerning the absorbed prototype components of TGG, the possible metabolic pathways of TGG in vivo remain largely unclear. In this study, a method using UPLC-Q/TOF MS was established for the detection and identification of the absorbed prototype components and related metabolites in rat plasma and bile after oral administration of TGG at high and normal clinical dosages. A total of 68 components were identified or tentatively identified in plasma and bile samples, including absorbed prototypes and their metabolites. The major absorbed components were gastrodin, isorhynchophylline, rhynchophylline, isocorynoxeine, corynoxeine, geissoschizine methyl ether baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin, geniposidic acid, leonurine, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside and emodin. The main metabolic pathways of these components involved phase I (isomerization, hydrolysis and reduction) and phase II (glucuronidation and sulfation) reaction, and the phase II biotransformation pathway was predominant. The present study provides rich information on the in vivo absorption and metabolism of TGG, and the results will be helpful for further studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaorong Duan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Liu Y, Yu HY, Xu HZ, Liu JJ, Meng XG, Zhou M, Ruan HL. Alkaloids with Immunosuppressive Activity from the Bark of Pausinystalia yohimbe. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1841-1849. [PMID: 30059216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ten new alkaloids (1-10), including two pairs of enantiomeric mixtures (5a,b and 6a,b), and 15 known analogues (11-25) were obtained from the bark of Pausinystalia yohimbe. The structures of 1-25 were established by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1-10 were resolved by X-ray diffraction and ECD data analyses. The in vitro immunosuppressive activities of selected isolates were tested. Compounds 11 and 16 exhibited moderate inhibition with IC50 values of 16.8 and 27.6 μM against ConA-induced T lymphocyte proliferation and 13.5 and 40.5 μM against LPS-induced B lymphocyte proliferation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
- Medical Science Research Center , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Yi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Zhe Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Gao Meng
- College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Li Ruan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
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Wei X, Jiang LP, Guo Y, Khan A, Liu YP, Yu HF, Wang B, Ding CF, Zhu PF, Chen YY, Zhao YL, Chen YB, Wang YF, Luo XD. Indole Alkaloids Inhibiting Neural Stem Cell from Uncaria rhynchophylla. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:413-419. [PMID: 28952128 PMCID: PMC5655363 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla is commonly recognized as a traditional treatment for dizziness, cerebrovascular diseases, and nervous disorders in China. Previously, the neuro-protective activities of the alkaloids from U. rhynchophylla were intensively reported. In current work, three new indole alkaloids (1-3), identified as geissoschizic acid (1), geissoschizic acid N 4-oxide (2), and 3β-sitsirikine N 4-oxide (3), as well as 26 known analogues were isolated from U. rhynchophylla. However, in the neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation assay for all isolated compounds, geissoschizic acid (1), geissoschizic acid N 4-oxide (2), isocorynoxeine (6), isorhynchophylline (7), (4S)-akuammigine N-oxide (8), and (4S)-rhynchophylline N-oxide (10) showed unexpected inhibitory activities at 10 μM. Unlike previous neuro-protective reports, as a warning or caution, our finding showcased a clue for possible NSCs toxicity and the neural lesions risk of U. rhynchophylla, while the structure-activity relationships of the isolated compounds were discussed also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Feng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Loh YC, Ch'ng YS, Tan CS, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ, Yam MF. Mechanisms of Action of Uncaria rhynchophylla Ethanolic Extract for Its Vasodilatory Effects. J Med Food 2017; 20:895-911. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yean Chun Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yung Sing Ch'ng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chu Shan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mariam Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Metabolic Profile of Isocorynoxeine in Rats Obtained by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 41:615-26. [PMID: 26077124 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Isocorynoxeine (IC), a major alkaloid found in Uncaria rhynchophylla, exhibits wide beneficial effects on the cardiovascular and cardiocerebral vascular systems. Its metabolic pathway, however, has not been well studied yet. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (U-HPLC/Q-TOFMS) method was developed to investigate IC metabolism in plasma, urine and bile in rats given IC orally at 40 mg/kg. METHODS Nine male Wistar rats were given IC 40 mg/kg orally. Blood, urine and bile samples were collected at pre-specified times to measure the concentration of IC. RESULTS A total of 35 metabolites were tentatively identified by the co-chromatography of biosamples and comparison of the retention time, characteristic molecular ions and fragment ions with those of the authentic standards or tentatively identified by MS/MS determination along with MassFragment software. Among them, 18, 33 and 18 metabolites were found in plasma, urine and bile samples, respectively. The relative percentage area of each metabolite was also determined to better understand the major metabolic pathways of IC in rats. CONCLUSIONS The result indicates that IC undergoes extensive metabolism in vivo, mainly including hydrolysis, oxidation, isomerization, demethylation, epoxidation, reduction, glucuronidation, hydroxylation and N-oxidation, which is helpful for the further pharmacokinetic study of IC in vivo.
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Holmquist M, Blay G, Muñoz MC, Pedro JR. Aza-Henry Reaction of Isatin Ketimines with Methyl 4-Nitrobutyrate en Route to Spiro[piperidine-3,3′-oxindoles]. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Zhang Q, Zhao JJ, Xu J, Feng F, Qu W. Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:48-80. [PMID: 26091967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Uncaria belongs to the family Rubiaceae, which mainly distributed in tropical regions, such as Southeast Asia, Africa and Southeast America. Their leaves and hooks have long been thought to have healing powers and are already being tested as a treatment for asthma, cancer, cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and rheumatism. The present review aims to provide systematically reorganized information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria to support for further therapeutic potential of this genus. To better understanding this genus, information on the stereo-chemistry and structure-activity relationships in indole alkaloids is also represented. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature study of this review is based on various databases search (SCIFinder, Science Direct, CNKI, Wiley online library, Spring Link, Web of Science, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Medalink, Google scholar, ACS, Tropicos, Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria, The New York Botanical Garden, African Plants Database at Genera Botanical Garden, The Plant List and SEINet) and library search for Biological Abstract and some local books on ethnopharmacology. RESULTS 19 species of the genus Uncaria are found to be important folk medicines in China, Malaysia, Phillippines, Africa and Southeast America, etc, and have been served for the treatment of asthma, rheumatism, hyperpyrexia, hypertension and headaches, etc. More than 200 compounds have been isolated from Uncaria, including indole alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenols, phenylpropanoids, etc. As characteristic constituents, indole alkaloids have been considered as main efficacy component for hypertension, epilepsy, depressant, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, pharmacokinetic and metabolism investigation reveal that the indole alkaloids are likely to be absorbed, metabolized and excreted at early time points. Moreover, the specific inhibition of CYP isozymes can regulate their hydroxylation metabolites at C-10 and C-11. CONCLUSION Preliminary investigations on pharmacological properties of the Uncaria species have enlightened their efficacious remedy for hypertension, asthma, cancer, diabetes, rheumatism and neurodegenerative diseases. To ensure the safety and effectiveness in clinical application, research on bioactive compounds, pharmacological mechanisms and toxicity of the genus Uncaria as well as the stereo-chemistry and structure-activity relationships of indole alkaloids seem very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wang HB, Qi W, Zhang L, Yuan D. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids in Uncaria species by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 62:1100-9. [PMID: 25366313 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF/MS) method has been optimized and established for the rapid analysis of the alkaloids in 22 samples originating from five Uncaria (U.) species. The accurate mass measurement of all the protonated molecules and subsequent fragment ions offers higher quality structural information for the interpretation of fragmentation pathways of the various groups of alkaloids. A total of 19 oxindole alkaloids, 16 indole alkaloids and 1 flavone were identified by co-chromatography of the sample extract with authentic standards, comparison of the retention time, characteristic molecular ions and fragment ions, or were tentatively identified by MS/MS determination. Moreover, the method was validated for the simultaneous quantification of the 24 components within 10.5 min. The potential chemical markers were identified for classification of the U. species samples by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results demonstrate the similarity and differences in alkaloids among the five U. species, which is helpful for the standardization and quality control of the medical materials of the U. Ramulus Cum Unics (URCU). Furthermore, with multivariate statistical analysis, the determined markers are more definite and useful for chemotaxonomy of the U. genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
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19
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An integrated strategy for the systematic characterization and discovery of new indole alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla by UHPLC/DAD/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6057-70. [PMID: 26055881 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of new chemical entities from herbal medicines may provide candidates for the in silico screening of drug leads. However, this significant work is hindered by the presence of multiple classes of plant metabolites and many re-discovered structures. This study presents an integrated strategy that uses ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/linear ion-trap quadrupole/Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) coupled with in-house library data for the systematic characterization and discovery of new potentially bioactive molecules. Exploration of the indole alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) is presented as a model study. Initially, the primary characterization of alkaloids was achieved using mass defect filtering and neutral loss filtering. Subsequently, phytochemical isolation obtained 14 alkaloid compounds as reference standards, including a new one identified as 16,17-dihydro-O-demethylhirsuteine by NMR analyses. The direct-infusion fragmentation behaviors of these isolated alkaloids were studied to provide diagnostic structural information facilitating the rapid differentiation and characterization of four different alkaloid subtypes. Ultimately, after combining the experimental results with a survey of an in-house library containing 129 alkaloids isolated from the Uncaria genus, a total of 92 alkaloids (60 free alkaloids and 32 alkaloid O-glycosides) were identified or tentatively characterized, 56 of which are potential new alkaloids for the Uncaria genus. Hydroxylation on ring A, broad variations in the C-15 side chain, new N-oxides, and numerous O-glycosides, represent the novel features of the newly discovered indole alkaloid structures. These results greatly expand our knowledge of UR chemistry and are useful for the computational screening of potentially bioactive molecules from indole alkaloids. Graphical Abstract A four-step integrated strategy for the systematic characterization and efficient discovery of new indole alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla.
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Wang L, Zhang M, Jin YY, Lu Q, Fang Q. Three 1-phenylindolin-2-one derivatives displaying different molecular dipole moments and different crystallographic symmetries. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 71:69-74. [PMID: 25567579 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229614026874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three 1-phenylindolin-2-one derivatives, namely 1-phenylindolin-2-one, C14H11NO, (I), 5-bromo-1-phenylindolin-2-one, C14H10BrNO, (II), and 5-iodo-1-phenylindolin-2-one, C14H10INO, (III), have been synthesized and their structures determined. Compounds (I) and (II) crystallized in the centrosymmetric space groups Pbca and P21/c, respectively, while compound (III) crystallized in the polar space group Aea2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the molecular dipole moment gradually decreases in the order (I) > (II) > (III). The relatively smaller dipole moment of (III) and the larger non-electrostatic intermolecular interactions may be the main reasons for the noncentrosymmetric and polar structure of (III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ying Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Jiang WW, Su J, Wu XD, He J, Peng LY, Cheng X, Zhao QS. Geissoschizine methyl etherN-oxide, a new alkaloid with antiacetylcholinesterase activity fromUncaria rhynchophylla. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:842-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.989847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Urinary metabolites of isorhynchophylline in rats and their neuroprotective activities in the HT22 cell assay. Fitoterapia 2014; 97:156-63. [PMID: 24910000 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Isorhynchophylline is one of the major alkaloids from the Uncaria hook possessing the effects of lowered blood pressure, vasodilatation and protection against ischemia-induced neuronal damage. However, the metabolic pathway of isorhynchophylline has not been fully reported yet. In this paper, the metabolism of isorhynchophylline was investigated in rats. Five metabolites were isolated by using solvent extraction and repeated chromatographic methods, and identified by spectroscopic methods including UV, MS, NMR and CD experiments. Three new compounds were identified as 5-oxoisorhynchophyllic acid-22-O-β-D-glucuronide (M1), 17-O-demethyl-16,17-dihydro isorhynchophylline (M2) and 5-oxoisorhynchophyllic acid (M4) together with two known compounds isorhynchophylline (M0) and rhynchophylline (M3). Possible metabolic pathways of isorhynchophylline are proposed. Furthermore, the activity assay for all the metabolites showed that isorhynchophylline (M0) exhibited potent neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced HT22 cell death. However, little or weak neuroprotective activities were observed for M1-M4. Our present study is important to further understand its metabolic fate and disposition in humans.
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Qi W, Yue SJ, Sun JH, Simpkins JW, Zhang L, Yuan D. Alkaloids from the hook-bearing branch of Uncariarhynchophylla and their neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced HT22 cell death. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 16:876-83. [PMID: 24899363 PMCID: PMC4446702 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.918109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One new alkaloid, 4-geissoschizine N-oxide methyl ether (1), was isolated from the EtOH extract of the hook-bearing branch of Uncariarhynchophylla, together with 10 known alkaloids, 3-epi-geissoschizine methyl ether (2) isolated from U.rhynchophylla for the first time, geissoschizine methyl ether (3), 4-hirsuteine N-oxide (4), hirsuteine (5), hirsutine (6), 3α-dihydro-cadambine (7), 3β-isodihydro-cadambine (8), cadambine (9), strictosamide (10), and akuammigine (11). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, ESI-QTOF MS, NMR, and circular dichroism experiments. Neuroprotective effects of 1-9 were investigated against 3 mM glutamate-induced HT22 cell death. The activity assay showed that 2, 3, 5, and 6 exhibited potent neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced HT22 cell death. However, only weak neuroprotective activities were observed for 1, 4, 7, 8, and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Si-Jia Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jia-Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - James W. Simpkins
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Cao XF, Wang JS, Wang XB, Luo J, Wang HY, Kong LY. Monoterpene indole alkaloids from the stem bark of Mitragyna diversifolia and their acetylcholine esterase inhibitory effects. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 96:389-96. [PMID: 24169379 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Five monoterpene indole alkaloids, mitradiversifoline, with a unique rearranged skeleton, specionoxeine-N(4)-oxide, 7-hydroxyisopaynantheine, 3-dehydropaynantheine, and 3-isopaynantheine-N(4)-oxide, and 10 known ones, were isolated from Mitragyna diversifolia. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activities, and four showed moderate activities, with IC50 values of 4.1, 5.2, 10.2, and 10.3 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Fen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Cai J, Lin C, Ma J, Hu L, Lin G, Wang X. Determination of Rhynchophylline in Rat Plasma by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Its Application. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:661-5. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Xie S, Shi Y, Wang Y, Wu C, Liu W, Feng F, Xie N. Systematic identification and quantification of tetracyclic monoterpenoid oxindole alkaloids in Uncaria rhynchophylla and their fragmentations in Q-TOF-MS spectra. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 81-82:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ndagijimana A, Wang X, Pan G, Zhang F, Feng H, Olaleye O. A review on indole alkaloids isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla and their pharmacological studies. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:35-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lu W, Yang F, Wang S. Development of an HPLC fingerprint for quality control and species differentiation ofUncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.) ex Havil. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Analysis of alkaloids from different chemical groups by different liquid chromatography methods. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlkaloids are biologically active compounds widely used as pharmaceuticals and synthesised as secondary methabolites in plants. Many of these compounds are strongly toxic. Therefore, they are often subject of scientific interests and analysis. Since alkaloids — basic compounds appear in aqueous solutions as ionized and unionized forms, they are difficult for chromatographic separation for peak tailing, poor systems efficiency, poor separation and poor column-to-column reproducibility. For this reason it is necessity searching of more suitable chromatographic systems for analysis of the compounds. In this article we present an overview on the separation of selected alkaloids from different chemical groups by liquid chromatography thus indicating the range of useful methods now available for alkaloid analysis. Different selectivity, system efficiency and peaks shape may be achieved in different LC methods separations by use of alternative stationary phases: silica, alumina, chemically bonded stationary phases, cation exchange phases, or by varying nonaqueous or aqueous mobile phase (containing different modifier, different buffers at different pH, ion-pairing or silanol blocker reagents). Developments in TLC (NP and RP systems), HPLC (NP, RP, HILIC, ion-exchange) are presented and the advantages of each method for alkaloids analysis are discussed.
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Pohl R, Potmischil F, Dračínský M, Vaněk V, Slavětínská L, Buděšínský M. 13C GIAO DFT calculation as a tool for configuration prediction of N-O group in saturated heterocyclic N-oxides. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2012; 50:415-423. [PMID: 22539412 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tropane, tropinone, pseudopelletierine and cocaine were oxidized in situ in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tube providing mixtures of exo/endo N-oxides. Observed (13)C chemical shifts were correlated with values calculated by gauge-including atomic orbitals density functional theory (DFT) OPBE/6-31G* method using DFT B3LYP/6-31G* optimized geometries. The same method of (13)C chemical shift calculation was applied on series of methyl-substituted 1-methylpiperidines and their epimeric N-oxides described in literature. The results show that using this undemanding calculation method enables assignment of configuration of N-O group in N-epimeric saturated heterocyclic N-oxides. The approach enables assigning of the configuration with high degree of certainty even if NMR data of only one isomer are available. An improved method of in situ oxidation of starting amines in an NMR tube is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Qu J, Gong T, Ma B, Zhang L, Kano Y, Yuan D. Comparative study of fourteen alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla hooks and leaves using HPLC-diode array detection-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/MS method. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:23-30. [PMID: 22223371 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to compare alkaloid profile of Uncaria rhynchophylla hooks and leaves. Ten oxindole alkaloids and four glycosidic indole alkaloids were identified using HPLC-diode array detection (DAD) or LC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS method, and a HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of major alkaloids was validated. The hooks are characterized by high levels of four oxindole alkaloids rhynchophylline (R), isorhynchophylline (IR), corynoxeine (C) and isocorynoxeine (IC), while the leaves contained high level of two glycosidic indole alkaloids vincoside lactam (VL) and strictosidine (S). The presented methods have proven its usefulness in chemical characterization of U. rhynchophylla hooks and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Qu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, China
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Dandia A, Bhati DS, Jain AK, Sharma GN. Ultrasound promoted clay catalyzed efficient and one pot synthesis of substituted oxindoles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2011; 18:1143-1147. [PMID: 21504851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple facile, one-pot synthesis of oxindoles in reasonable purity is reported via intramolecular Friedal-Craft cyclization. Clay KSF is an inexpensive, efficient and mild catalyst for the synthesis of substituted oxindoles by the reaction of chloroacetyl chloride and various anilines under the influence of ultrasonic irradiation under solvent-free conditions. The remarkable advantages of this method are the simple experimental procedures, short reaction times, high yields of products, suitability for a wide variety of substituents, and the green aspects through the avoidance of toxic catalyst and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
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New vasorelaxant indole alkaloids, villocarines A–D from Uncaria villosa. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4075-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pohl R, Dračínský M, Slavětínská L, Buděšínský M. The observed and calculated 1H and 13C chemical shifts of tertiary amines and their N-oxides. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:320-327. [PMID: 21452346 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of model tertiary amines were oxidized in situ in an NMR tube to amine N-oxides and their (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra were recorded. Next, the chemical shifts induced by oxidation (Δδ) were calculated using different GIAO methods investigating the influence of the method [Hartree-Fock (HF), Moeller-Plesset perturbation, density functional theory (DFT)], the functional applied in the DFT (B3LYP, BPW, OPBE, OPW91) and the basis set used [6-31G*, 6-311G**, 6-311 + + G** and 6-311 + + G(3df,3pd)]. The best results were obtained with the HF/6-311 + + G** and OPBE/6-311 + + G** methods. The computation/experiment comparison approach was used for the configuration prediction of chiral amine N-oxides-(R) and (S)-agroclavine-6-N-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Mounsey RB, Teismann P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: pathogenesis and neuroprotection. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2010; 2011:617472. [PMID: 21234411 PMCID: PMC3014704 DOI: 10.4061/2011/617472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vitally important organelles involved in an array of functions. The most notable is their prominent role in energy metabolism, where they generate over 90% of our cellular energy in the form of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are involved in various other processes including the regulation of calcium homeostasis and stress response. Mitochondrial complex I impairment and subsequent oxidative stress have been identified as modulators of cell death in experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Identification of specific genes which are involved in the rare familial forms of PD has further augmented the understanding and elevated the role mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to have in disease pathogenesis. This paper provides a review of the role mitochondria may play in idiopathic PD through the study of experimental models and how genetic mutations influence mitochondrial activity. Recent attempts at providing neuroprotection by targeting mitochondria are described and their progress assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross B Mounsey
- School of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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Ishikura M, Yamada K, Abe T. Simple indole alkaloids and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1630-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c005345g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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